Value Of Intangible Heritage Research Articles

설화의 국가무형유산 종목 지정을 위한 제언

As Korea joined the “UNESCO Convention” in 2005, Korea implemented the “Intangible Cultural Property Act” in 2016. As a result, a field of “Ra(라). Oral Tradition and Expression”, was newly established, making it possible to designate a national cultural heritage item for folktales. Nevertheless, until August 2024, not a single event has been realized in the designation of national intangible heritage of folktales. This is due to the view that since the 1980s, the traditional Iyagipan(이야 기판) has disappeared, and the transmission of oral stories has also been cut off. However, this recognition is a misunderstanding caused by denying that the current transmission of folktales continues actively through the “Beautiful Story Grandma” project and numerous old story telling channels on YouTube etc. Another position against the designation of folktales as national intangible heritage is the opinion that Gureongdeongdeongsinseonbi(구 렁덩덩신선비), Kongji Patzzi(콩쥐팥쥐) are folktales with global universality and lack uniqueness, and can lead to conflict with other countries. However, the value of folktales can be found in various realization patterns such as national identity and cultural uniqueness. Therefore, the designation of a national intangible heritage item of folktales is an important task to protect our identity and uniqueness. Finally, I would like to suggest some opinions to revitalize the designation of folktales as national intangible heritage items. It is urgent to clarify the value of intangible heritage of the current transmission of folktales and to redefine the definition, category, and classification system of the “Ra(라)” field. In addition, systematic policy establishment and long-term research projects should be promoted, and the discovery of local intangible heritage should be actively supported. Aside from that, the construction of a digital archive of folktales should protect and promote the current transmission of folktales.

Reuse of port industrial heritage in tourist cities: Shipyards as case studies

The progressive deindustrialisation of many western cities since the 1980s has led to many industrial zones linked to port activities being abandoned or falling into disuse. Cities such as Barcelona, Naples, Lisbon, Amsterdam, and Hamburg have port industrial complexes of high tangible and intangible heritage value that could totally or partially disappear, resulting in an irreparable loss of their scientific, architectural, social, technological, and historical values. With that in mind, Adaptive Reuse (AR) of the built heritage allows the industrial memory of the ports to be preserved by turning them into new functional centres within the existing urban structure. That occurs in the context of the contemporary challenges of those cities, such as touristification, the circular economy and climate change, while guaranteeing the life cycle of those buildings. This article analyses two case studies—the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij (NDSM) and the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij (RDM) shipyards, both in the Netherlands—in order to contribute to the knowledge of AR of Port Industrial Heritage. They are two examples of good practices in port industrial heritage interventions, where the factors behind their acclaim can be easily highlighted. A multi-scale methodology is therefore used and tailored to the case of port industrial heritage, based on analysing previous studies of the heritage in different spheres and on different scales. A relationship matrix tool is thus defined. It enables a comparative study to be conducted, using key variables and indicators, and considering qualitative and quantitative data. That provides extensive output information for each case study, which is summarised in the most favourable factors for the success of the AR of this port industrial heritage.

Regional Identity and Intangible Heritage Related to Saffron Cultivation in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)

Agriculture is an important economic activity across much of the Western world. Beyond its productive purpose, we can also identify a cultural function that is expressed in the existence of a rich heritage associated with the interactions between nature and humans over time. This heritage includes tangible and intangible assets, the latter including traditional knowledge, history, knowledge of natural cycles, and the identification of the local population with its landscapes; in short, resources are understood as a legacy that needs to be reappraised and passed on to future generations. Saffron cultivation is an example of an agricultural landscape with significant intangible heritage values associated with the know-how and the family-run nature of the farms. The resources linked to saffron cultivation in the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) are described in this paper, with an emphasis on how local communities perceive them as an integral part of their geographical identity. The results, following in-depth interviews with different local actors, demonstrate the potential for the intangible values associated with saffron to drive local development in many rural areas once they have been reappraised and classified as assets for attracting tourism.

Defining the Attributes for Modernist Urban Heritage: The Case of ‘Kaunas 1919–1939: Architecture of Optimism’

The cultural heritage of modern architecture is a widely acknowledged phenomenon; however, unique urban landscapes that have witnessed a fundamental transformation in urban life in the 20th century are still underrepresented on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In this paper the built urban heritage of Kaunas city (1919–1939) is investigated as an example of a modern urban heritage site with a problematic focus on defining the attributes of urban heritage, especially when intangible heritage values are added to the tangible built heritage. In this paper the attributes of modern urban heritage are discussed on the example of “Modernist Kaunas (1919–1939): Architecture of Optimism”, the nomination dossier for the UNESCO World Heritage List. Three groups of attributes are described using historical research and later discussed by applying the method of comparative analysis. The conclusion proposes that Modernist Kaunas can fill the gap by representing Eastern European modern urbanity and enhance the understanding of the modern global city by reflecting the metropolitan aspirations in modern Europe.

Returning the Gods to the People: Heritage Restitution in Nepal

Since late 2021, a new development has been taking place in Nepal. Like many governments around the world, the Nepalese authorities are also fully invested in asking for the return of their looted art held in foreign collections. Yet the policy is no longer to keep these in the country’s main museums, but rather to bring them back to the communities of origin, where they can fully take up their role as “living Gods”. With this move – which fully prioritizes intangible heritage values over tangible – a unique process is taking place that allows for reflection on what the restitution of stolen objects could be all about. In this way the case of Nepal demonstrates that the trafficking of art and its placement in museums abroad, as well as its “typical” return to museums in the source countries, are strongly influenced by Western concepts of art and conservation, often ignoring the local values of this heritage.

Is "Authentic Tourism" a means of preserving living cultural heritage?

The goal of this paper is to question the idea of authenticity in the tourist industry, using the Old City of Akko (north Israel) as a case study. It will question the ability of tourism to serve as a tool for preserving living-cultural- heritage. Is there "authenticity" in tourism? Is cultural-based-tourism a means of preserving intangible heritage? Does cultural-based-heritage recreate heritage, invent heritage or is it just a means of creating experiences? Situated on a peninsula in North Israel, the old city of Akko is a vertical of many historical layers, from 5000 years ago till date. Imprints of tangible heritage from all periods and living intangible cultural heritage entwine with each other in the ancient allies of the city. Intensive excavations uncovered massive Middle-aged Crusader remains dated to the 12th and 13th century. They lie beneath the existing Ottoman fortified city, constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries. Akko of today is a vibrant city. Residents reside within these Ottoman buildings constructed 300 years ago. Updated research indicates that the cultural heritage of Akko includes many additional values. These include intangible heritage values that are practiced by these residents in the historic allies. This ‘Living Heritage’ is linked to the current community of the city and represents the ‘continuity’ of traditions and practices that comprise living dimensions and the continuity of traditions, skills, and craftspeople. Successful scientific research methods, documentation and safeguarding procedures of these intangible values are still developing. This paper will present examples of intangible heritage in the Historical Urban Landscapes of Akko and will question the ability of new touristic initiatives as a means of preserving this heritage and the spirit of the city. Some of these examples are led by the locals but most of the new initiatives are belong to entrepreneurs new to the city. They all offer an authentic experience in the city. They suggest a combination of visits to the main tourist attractions developed by the authorities and an opportunity to encounter living-traditional-culture aspects in the city. They include tours with local guides, living-in local houses, participating-in local traditional meals with the residents, meeting and watching various craftsmen or joining traditional community events. For tourists, these are unique opportunities that could be called "authentic experiences". For tourist experts these experiences are often regarded as means to present rare cultural heritage aspects. For the authorities, these experiences are regarded as new development resources and tools. For the locals these are new economic opportunities. So, is this a win-win-win-win situation? Are these initiatives means to preserve and safeguard the authentic intangible heritage values and the unique spirit of the city?

Preserving the Tangible and Intangible Values of the Baltit Fort in Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan, through Adaptive Reuse

Tangible and Intangible values are the distinctive qualities that, through the connection of humans with a building and its surrounding community, enable the creation of a particular link called “genius loci” that links the past to the present. In the present time, ancient buildings and sites of historical importance are the carriers of collective memories, which, together with the local characters, create this special spirit of space. Over time, these associations have become an integral part of the local community, telling a unique story. The paper explores how tangible and intangible heritage values can be translated into a new use for a building, connecting its history to the present via a case study in Pakistan: The Baltit Fort (14th century AD). The 700-year-old fort was used as a residence until the 20th century but fell into disrepair over the years. After a restoration project that was part of the ‘Aga Khan Trust for Culture’ initiative in the northern areas of Pakistan, the building is now open to visitors as a museum. The paper will critically examine the approaches of the adaptive reuse implied for the project to explore how the tangible and the intangible essence of the past have played a role in proposing the new functions. The study’s outcome will be to see how the symbolic values of the past play an important role in giving a building a new function, preserving the spirit of the place, and preserving significant cultural assets.

Cultural Perception Performance Assessment of Adaptively Reused Heritage Buildings: Kilis Eski Hamam Case Study

Adaptive reuse of the built heritage can often result in damage to heritage values both during the adaptation and reuse processes -in many cases it can bear on building performance and user satisfaction. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a well-known method of assessing building performance, and previous studies demonstrated the practicality of employing POE in reused heritage building assessment. Yet, POE’s contribution to heritage conservation has not been comprehensively explored. This paper presents the findings of an indicative POE of a hammam building adapted into a restaurant as a case study. The case study building was evaluated through a series of walk-throughs, photographs, documentation, and a user survey. The POE has pointed to damage and authenticity loss in the building by reuse based on established conservation principles concerning intangible heritage values and cultural perception, resulting in a series of recommendations to prevent future deterioration and improve the performance of the building. A key observation is that data from the user survey do not coincide with the findings based on internationally acknowledged principles of conservation practice, which indicates that heritage awareness still has not been gained by the wider society. Hence, this study concludes that more research is required to examine the use of POEs in addressing heritage conservation issues and suggests a greater understanding of the role of POE surveys for a more valuable insight into user feedback. It also provides designers and decision-makers with matters to be taken in account regarding the preservation of authenticity when executing an adaptive reuse project for a heritage building.

Understanding and attributing cultural heritage values to individual plants

The cultural, both tangible and intangible heritage value of individual plant specimens are rarely included in discussions regarding botanical and cultural heritage, whilst the more scientific and conservation values of a plant as a genetic resource or habitat component are more defined and understood. Nassauer (1995) acknowledges that cultural concepts of nature are different from scientific concepts of ecological function. Widening multidisciplinary discussion and an increased consensus in the definition and role of intangible cultural heritage have all facilitated the potential of cultural heritage plant values being understood by the heritage sector. How can such heritage values be assessed, are there existing methodologies within the heritage and collections management sectors that can be used for living plants? Would this heritage value be passed on to a plant’s offspring, is heritage a tradeable commodity and how would such heritage status affect future management?

Rethinking Municipal Markets (Bandabuliya) within the Context of Sustainability: Case of Cyprus

Municipal markets have played an important role in social, cultural and economic activities of the communities. Municipal markets can be seen as a symbol of tradition and as part of a city's tangible and intangible heritage. Municipal markets are part of the cultural heritage of their related community and therefore they must be conserved and continuity should be provided for future generations. For sustainable use of municipal markets, they should answer the needs of today's community by preserving their authenticity. The aim of the study is to identify municipal markets in Cyprus and propose sustainable adaptive reuse strategies for their future use. The study includes a holistic approach since municipal markets from North and South part of the island is observed through site survey. The research is also emphasized the significance of municipal markets as a part of Cypriot culture. As the method of the study, the model for achieving sustainable adaptive reuse of traditional marketplaces is used for developing strategies for the future use of the municipal markets. The results of the research address that the municipal markets are important for the cultural heritage of the related community. However, in Cyprus they used more for the economic activities, and important social and cultural values were ignored. Municipal markets should be conserved by considering the tangible and intangible heritage values. Local needs, beliefs, practice and traditions should be taken into consideration with a holistic approach in the conservation process of municipal markets.

Makkasan Train Factory: an attempt to preserve Bangkok’s urban heritage

The Makkasan Train Factory, opened 110 years ago, is the first industrial estate in Thailand and used to be the biggest hub for train production in Southeast Asia. Nowadays, this huge land of 80 hectares, with direct access from the Savarnabhumi airport rail link, is considered a golden land right in the business center of Bangkok, that attracts real estate investors. A third of the land set aside at the end of last year for the development of a mixed use commercial project as a part of the High Speed Train project. As this land is the last big area of public land in the capital, civic groups for urban heritage conservation and the environment tried to point out its tangible and intangible heritage value hoping that there would be a proper master plan to preserve these values for future generations.

Embedding built heritage values in architectural design education

Continuity and change have become crucial themes for the built environment and heritage buildings; also in the education and practice of architects. Embedding built heritage values into studio-based design education is a daunting new challenge that demands new didactic perspectives and tools. To address the dilemmas that come with design assignments for adaptive reuse, an experiment with new didactic analytical tools has been conducted in the Heritage & Architecture (H&A) architectural design studios at the Delft University of Technology. The analysis attempts to connect matter—physical structures—and meaning in a structured graphical process through predefined mapping exercises. Our aim is to introduce a step-by-step method for exploration that can form the foundation of values-based design from built heritage. Central to our multifaceted approach is a specially developed matrix that is meant to support design-oriented analysis of heritage buildings. This paper situates the H&A perspective on the adaptive reuse of valorised buildings within the heritage discourse and architectural design education in general and further gives insight into the didactics, the tools, their uses and initial results. After a critical reflection on our points of departure, based in an evaluation of results, peer discussion and student evaluation, we conclude that the applied methodology is instructive to the educational goals but also merits further development. One of the lessons learnt for future teaching includes allowing students freedom to discover values themselves. An important conclusion is that an earlier and broader foundation that engages the continuation of tangible and intangible heritage values in the ever-changing built environment is required in architectural educational practice.

Preserving and sustaining culture: Traditional clothing in the UNESCO world cultural heritage site Kandy in Sri Lanka

Aim: The current study aims to identify dress as an intangible heritage value material cultural object that signifies and expresses subtle cultural values and social relationships.Method: The ethnographic research model has utilized for the study. Ethnography is the art and science used to describe a group of culture. Data were coded for descriptive labels. Then collected data was coded to compare and identify patterns coded patterns of types of activities, events and methodology of wear the thuppottiya. Reliability and validity were achieved by verifying data with other literary sources.Findings: It was identified that there are two types thuppottiya. Thethuppottiya utilized by the Tooth Relic’s lay guardian known as Diyawadana Nilame, and head of the service to the Tooth Relic was known as KariyaKorala. Their dresses were identically similar as a whole outfit; however, differences seem to appear in outer appearance like colour, material, embellishments, and the manner of accessorizing the outfit.Implications/Novel Contribution: The Thuppottiya lies at the core of ethnic identity and has assumed a higher level of significance among consumers and tourists who collect symbolic items. The author concludes by outlining some of the challenges that heritage regimes face in contemporary society and culture and seek potential strategies for preserving, safeguarding its mixed cultural resources.

GDAŃSK NA LIŚCIE ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA UNESCO – 20 LAT STARAŃ I NIEWYKORZYSTANYCH SZANS

The abstract of this article presents efforts undertaken during the last two decades, to put Gdańsk – one of the oldest cities of the Republic of Poland – on UNESCO World Heritage List and, based on archival materials and the author’s own experience, analyses the reasons for the ineffectiveness of those attempts. The criteria to achieve this goal have been subject to a number of changes and modifications. The development of conservation concepts of the last decades, especially seeing the intangible heritage values, has created an opportunity for a broad appreciation of places, typically attributable to the reflexive points of modern history. It is the Solidarity Shipyard, perpetuated in the public consciousness, which still remains such a place. Whether it will prove worthy of the World Heritage List, should be decided by the persons responsible for its contemporary protection.

Re-Imagine

Re-Imagine

Searching for Disappeared Ming Dynasty Costume in South Korea Reflection on the Creative Application of Intangible Cultural Heritage

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">Based on the research on the diplomatic history of costume between China and South Korea in Ming Dynasty, this paper firstly summarizes the protective policies offered by central and local governments of Korea for projects of<a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><a name="OLE_LINK5"></a> intangible cultural heritage in category of traditional dyeing and weaving. Then taking Hansan ramie as example, this thesis sums up different methods of activation and innovative design again for intangible culture of traditional dyeing and weaving in Korea. Finally, thesis concludes the tangible value of intangible heritage in Korea and example value for China, give a suggestion to hope that this feasible method can be used in China.</span></p>

Using an ‘Interpretative Model’ for Contextual Design of Heritage Landscape Databases: The Case of St Helena Island National Park in Queensland, Australia

AbstractDue to the increasing speed of landscape changes and the massive development of computer technologies, the methods of representing heritage landscapes using digital tools have become a worldwide concern in conservation research. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how an ‘interpretative model’ can be used for contextual design of heritage landscape information systems. This approach is explored through building a geographic information system database for St Helena Island national park in Moreton Bay, South East Queensland, Australia. Stakeholders' interpretations of this landscape were collected through interviews, and then used as a framework for designing the database. The designed database is a digital inventory providing contextual descriptions of the historic infrastructure remnants on St Helena Island. It also reveals the priorities of different sites in terms of historic research, landscape restoration, and tourism development. Additionally, this database produces thematic maps of the intangible heritage values, which could be used for landscape interpretation. This approach is different from the existing methods because building a heritage information system is deemed as an interpretative activity, rather than a value‐free replication of the physical environment. This approach also shows how a cultural landscape methodology can be used to create a flexible information system for heritage conservation. The conclusion is that an ‘interpretative model’ of database design facilitates a more explicit focus on information support, and is a potentially effective approach to user‐centred design of geographic information systems.

YouTube and the social archiving of intangible heritage

Since 2003, UNESCO has promoted and protected the function and values of intangible heritage. A method of safeguarding employed by UNESCO is the storage of videos of immaterial heritage on YouTube. Individuals have also been producing videos of the very practices sanctioned by UNESCO and uploading them to this website. The combining of UNESCO and user-generated heritage videos is producing informal archives of digital heritage. This exploration of YouTube as an archive of intangible heritage examines whether social archiving has the potential to counter official heritage narratives that can reproduce distinctions based upon gender. The capacity of social archiving to challenge gendered divisions is examined through the Mevlevi Sema (or whirling dervish) ceremony of Turkey, safeguarded by UNESCO in 2005. This research, which integrates social media and archive studies with actual and virtual ethnography, considers technical aspects including algorithms as well as social and cultural facets of digital media.

Study on Museum Digital Exhibition Mode and Industrialization of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Nowadays, most of exhibits are material antiquities while the exhibit of intangible cultural heritage is deficient and the form is less advanced which cannot meet the exhibition needs of digital times. This has resulted in insufficient display of intangible heritage's value which may not facilitate inherit and protection of intangible heritage, no other than protection mechanism of forming healthy industrialization. This article has established digital exhibition mode in museum about intangible cultural heritage by analysis on current museum and using mobile communication and augmented reality techniques. Discuss the mode in the layer integrating creative industry and mobile industry and provide practicable reference project of forming the healthy industrialization mechanism for protecting intangible heritage.

The Mezquita of Córdoba is Made of More than Bricks: Towards a Broader Definition of the “Heritage” Protected at UNESCO World Heritage Sites

On March 31, 2010, a group of Muslim tourists visited the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, Spain, and attempted to pray. They were confronted by guards who called the police; two of the tourists were arrested and jailed, charged with crimes against religious sentiment. The incident is but one of many acts of religious intolerance which represent a threat to this UNESCO World Heritage Site. Though the World Heritage Convention seems to be concerned only with the protection of the physical heritage represented by archaeological sites, I argue that in order to adequately preserve and promote the sites on the World Heritage List, the intangible heritage values of those locations must also be protected.