Vitamin B12 Intake Research Articles

Genome-Wide Approach of Gene–Nutrient Intake Interaction Study for Essential Hypertension in a Large Korean Cohort (KoGES)

Background/Objectives: There is limited evidence on gene-nutrient interaction associated with hypertension (HTN). We examined interactions between genotypes and various nutrients that influenced high blood pressure (BP). Methods: Data were obtained from a total of 50,808 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary reference intakes (DRIs) were set. We performed genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) and subsequent interaction analyses with genome-wide significant SNPs to identify genomic loci that interact with specific nutrients associated with HTN. Results: We identified one locus near the CUB and Sushi Multiple Domains 1 (CSMD1) gene that showed interaction with dietary iron and vitamin B6 (Vit.B6) intake and significantly influenced HTN risk. Among the individuals consuming iron above DRI (9.5 mg/day for men, 9.25 mg/day for women), carriers of the rs13282715 minor allele (A) at 8p23.2 showed a lower risk of HTN than those who did not (odds ratio [OR] 0.723, 95% confidence interval [CI] (0.644–0.813), p-value 4.858 × 10−8; interaction p-value 1.336 × 10−3). Among the individuals consuming Vit.B6 above DRI (1.5 mg/day for men, 1.4 mg/day for women), carriers of the same variant rs13282715 minor allele (A) also showed a lower risk of HTN (OR 0.733, 95% CI 0.733 (0.656–0.819), p-value 4.121 × 10−8; interaction p-value 7.183 × 10−4). Conclusions: We identified a novel gene-nutrient interaction regarding dietary iron and Vit.B6 intake affecting the risk of HTN in Korean adults. This suggests individuals with the variant may benefit from lower HTN risk from dietary intervention of iron and Vit.B6 intake. Further studies with larger diverse populations are warranted to validate our findings.

Development and Validation of the South African Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy.

Diet quality indexes (DQIs) consist of combinations of foods and/or nutrient components that represent adherence to dietary guidelines. A high-quality diet during pregnancy contributes to optimal birth outcomes. We developed and validated the first DQI for pregnancy for South African women. The South African Food Based Dietary Guidelines and pregnancy dietary guidelines were used as theoretical basis for the a priori development of the South African Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (SA-DQI-P). To validate the SA-DQI-P, we applied it to data collected for the Nutritional status of Expectant Mothers and their newborn Infants (NuEMI) study (N = 682). We determined the associations between SA-DQI-P scores in tertiles with nutrient intakes, sociodemographic factors, household food security level, and biochemical values. A lower household density ratio, household access to a toilet, refrigerator, and microwave, a higher educational level, being employed and being food secure were significantly associated with a higher score. After correcting for energy intake, higher scores were significantly associated with higher intakes of protein, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. Significantly more participants who were vitamin A deficient scored in the lowest tertile than those in higher tertiles. The SA-DQI-P is the first DQI developed for a South African population and has proven to be valid in ranking diet quality in pregnant women in our sample. Information regarding diet quality of this vulnerable group can assist with planning nutrition intervention programs to improve nutritional status.

The potential hazards of high doses of vitamin B6 in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: A systematic review.

Vitamin B6 is frequently utilized as a therapeutic agent for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). Research indicates that excessive intake of vitamin B6 can have implications on neurological function, underscoring the importance of cautious consideration when administering vitamin B6 treatment during early pregnancy. This systematic review investigates the effects of high doses of vitamin B6 on pregnant women experiencing NVP. We searched the PubMed® MEDLINE® database for articles using the following terms: "pregnancy" or "nausea and vomiting during pregnancy" and "vitamin B6." Women with nausea and vomiting symptoms during pregnancy use more than the tolerable amount of vitamin B6. A total of 136 articles were identified from the PubMed® MEDLINE® database. The etiology and treatment of NVP are briefly outlined, followed by a summary and analysis of 19 relevant literature sources. Among these sources, 12 reports detailed the adverse effects of excessive vitamin B6 intake in women; 164/1226 individuals experienced neurological symptoms such as burning, tingling, paresthesia, ataxia, or perioral numbness. Additionally, out of 245 women, four experienced miscarriages and one had an intrauterine demise. The overconsumption of vitamin B6 has the potential to impact nerve function, particularly during the critical first trimester of embryonic development. It might result in adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and congenital abnormalities.

Anaemia during pregnancy: could riboflavin deficiency be implicated?

Anaemia affects more than 36% of all pregnancies globally and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is widely recognised as the most common nutritional cause of anaemia but other nutrient deficiencies are also implicated, including the B vitamin riboflavin, albeit its role is largely under-investigated and thus typically overlooked. Riboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is required for numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, antioxidant function, and in the metabolism of other B vitamins and iron. While clinical deficiency of riboflavin is largely confined to low-income countries, sub-clinical (functional) deficiency is much more widespread, including in high-income countries, and is particularly common among women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. Limited observational evidence from high-income populations suggests that suboptimal riboflavin status contributes to an increased risk of anaemia. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials in pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated beneficial effects of riboflavin on haematological status and anaemia. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the contribution of riboflavin deficiency to anaemia, with the strongest evidence pointing to an adverse effect on iron metabolism, given that riboflavin co-factors are required for the release of iron from storage ferritin in the production of red blood cells. Overall, this review investigates riboflavin intakes and status during pregnancy in different populations and evaluates the available evidence for the under-recognised role of riboflavin in the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations together with its potential to protect against the development of anaemia during pregnancy.

The relationship between dietary vitamin B1 intake and severe abdominal aortic calcification among the general population in the United States.

Vitamin B1 deficiency is closely associated with vascular system damage, but the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 intake and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) remains unclear and warrants further investigation. 2,640 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 were included in the study. Severe AAC was defined as Kauppila score >5. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine the relationship between dietary vitamin B1 and severe AAC. The increase in dietary intake of vitamin B1 is significantly correlated with a decrease in the risk of severe AAC (OR: 0.601, 95% CI: 0.406, 0.892). Compared to the first quartile of dietary vitamin B1 intake, the fourth quartile had a significantly reduced risk of severe AAC (OR: 0.358, 95% CI: 0.172, 0.744). RCS indicated a decreasing trend in the risk of severe AAC with increasing dietary vitamin B1 intake. Our research findings indicate that the increase in dietary intake of vitamin B1 is significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of severe AAC. Thus, increasing dietary vitamin B1 intake appropriately may reduce the risk of severe AAC.

Association between dietary consumption of multiple vitamins and age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional observational study in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common causes of blindness in the elderly worldwide. Its prevention and monitoring indicators remain a key area of research. This study aims to examine the association between vitamin intake and AMD prevalence. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008 were used for cross-sectional analysis. Logistic regression models, subgroup analyses and multicollinearity regression were employed to assess the association between vitamin intake and AMD. A total of 1,627 participants were included, with 54.5% (weighted) males and 45.5% (weighted) females. Significant differences were observed in the intake of vitamins B (B1, B2, B6, and B12), E, and folic acid between the AMD and Non-AMD groups. The Non-AMD group had higher average intakes (weighted) of vitamin B1 (1.71 ± 1.10 vs. 1.37 ± 0.64), B2 (2.42 ± 1.22 vs. 1.86 ± 0.70), B6 (2.05 ± 1.25 vs. 1.71 ± 0.85), B12 (5.73 ± 6.18 vs. 4.54 ± 3.27), E (7.93 ± 5.47 vs. 6.39 ± 2.86), and folic acid (181.87 ± 178.04 vs. 140.72 ± 124.60). Logistic regression and subgroup analyses further supported these findings. This study found that higher vitamin intakes B and E were associated with a lower prevalence of AMD in the U.S. population. Eating a healthy diet rich in vitamins B and E, particularly B2 (eggs, green vegetables, meat, mushrooms, and almonds) may help to reduce vision loss due to AMD. However, since this is a cross-sectional study, causal associations between vitamin intake and AMD cannot be established. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Association between iron and vitamin intake and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents of both sexes

Abstract Cardiovascular parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents may be influenced by eating habits. The aim was to evaluate the association between the levels of some nutrients and micronutrients with blood pressure and VO2max in adolescents. A total of 60 adolescents (15.77 ± 0.96 years old) participated in the study, of whom 35 were girls and 25 were boys. Eating habits were assessed frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Before and after a cardiorespiratory fitness test (YOYO TEST), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. A backward elimination method of multiple regression was performed to analyse the data. A positive association was found between VO2max and the intake of iron (), vitamin D (), vitamin B6 () and vitamin B12 () for girls. Additionally, no significant associations were found between sugar, fibre and fat intake and VO2max. There was a positive association between SBP and sugar intake () for girls and negative association between DBP after exertion and fibre intake () and body mass index () for boys. There is a positive association between the intake of iron, vitamins and VO2max in girls and intake of sugar with SBP for girls and negative association between fibres and DBP after exertion for boys.

Diet Quality and Dietary Intake in Breast Cancer Survivors Suffering from Chronic Pain: An Explorative Case-Control Study.

Background/Objectives: Dietary factors may significantly influence pain management in cancer survivors. However, a substantial gap exists regarding the relationship between nutrition and chronic pain in this population. This study examined differences in diet quality and dietary intake between breast cancer survivors (BCS) experiencing chronic pain and healthy controls (HC). It also aimed to understand the associations between dietary elements and pain-related outcomes within the BCS group. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 12 BCS experiencing chronic pain and 12 HC (ages 18-65). Data collection included body composition, experimental pain assessments, pain-related questionnaires, and a 3-day food diary to calculate diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Statistical analyses evaluated group differences and associations between dietary factors and pain within the BCS group. Results: There were no significant differences in HEI-2015 scores between BCS and HC, but BCS had a significantly lower DII score (p = 0.041), indicating a more anti-inflammatory diet. BCS also showed higher intake of omega-3, vitamins B6, B12, A, D, and magnesium (p < 0.05). While total diet quality scores did not correlate with pain outcomes, several HEI-2015 and DII components, such as dairy, sodium, protein, vitamin C, and vitamin D, showed moderate positive or negative correlations with pain measures. Conclusions: Despite no overall differences in diet quality, BCS with chronic pain consumed more anti-inflammatory nutrients than HC. Complex correlations between specific dietary components and pain outcomes emphasise the need for further research to explore these links for chronic pain management in BCS.

Association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and constipation: a population-based study.

Numerous studies have suggested a link between dietary micronutrient intake and the onset of constipation. Nevertheless, there has not been much research done on the potential relationship between vitamin B6 and constipation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary vitamin B6 consumption and chronic constipation are related among adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study made use of information from the 2009-2010 NHANES health and nutrition survey. Respondents' dietary information was gathered using 24-h dietary recalls. A range of statistical techniques, including as interaction tests, subgroup analyses, and curve fitting analyses, were used to examine the connection between dietary vitamin B6 intake and chronic constipation. This study included 3,643 patients, with 270 (7.41%) diagnosed with persistent constipation. A fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis found that increasing dietary vitamin B6 consumption (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68-0.89) was linked to a lower incidence of constipation, with significance at p < 0.05. After accounting for numerous factors, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the third tertile compared to the reference group (first tertile) were 0.85 (0.74, 0.98), with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Furthermore, subgroup analysis and interaction assessments revealed a substantial negative link between vitamin B6 intake and the occurrence of constipation, particularly in males and alcohol drinkers (all p-values were less than 0.05). This study found an inverse connection between vitamin B6 consumption and the prevalence of persistent constipation. More extensive prospective trials are needed to fully examine the long-term influence of vitamin B6 on persistent constipation.

Nutritional status of Saudi obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, one-year follow-up study.

Bariatric surgery has significantly increased globally as an effective treatment for severe obesity. Nutritional deficits are common among candidates for bariatric surgery, and follow-up of nutritional status is critically needed for post-surgery healthcare management. This observational prospective study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh. Samples were collected pre- and post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), with the visit intervals divided into four visits: pre-surgery (0M), 3 months (3M), 6 months (6M) and 12 months (12M). Food intake and eating patterns significantly changed during the first year (P < 0·001). The mean energy intake at 3M post-surgery was 738·3 kcal, significantly lower than the pre-surgery energy intake of 2059 kcal. Then, it increased gradually at 6M and 12M to reach 1069 kcal (P < 0·00). The intake of Fe, vitamin B12 and vitamin D was below the dietary reference intake recommendations, as indicated by the 24-hour dietary recall. The prevalence of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency improved significantly from pre- to post-surgery (P < 0·001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was less reported pre-LSG and improved steadily towards a sufficient post-surgery status. However, 35·7 % of participants were deficient in Fe status, with 28·6% being female at higher levels than males. While protein supplementation decreased significantly over the 12M follow-up, the use of vitamin supplements dramatically increased at 3 and 6M before declining at 12M. Fe and vitamin B12 were the most popular supplements after vitamin D. This study confirms the necessity for individualised dietary plans and close monitoring of candidates' nutritional status before and after bariatric surgery.

Dietary Intake of Micronutrients and Use of Vitamin and/or Mineral Supplements: Brazilian National Food Survey.

Vitamin and/or mineral supplements are designed to correct micronutrient deficiencies or maintain adequate intake. However, evidence suggests the indiscriminate use of these products, particularly among populations that already meet their micronutrient requirements through diet. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of vitamin and/or mineral supplement use and assess the dietary intake of micronutrients among users and non-users in the Brazilian adult and elderly populations. The prevalence of vitamin and/or mineral supplement use was estimated from a sample of 37,364 individuals who participated in the Brazilian National Food Survey, a module of the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey. The average dietary intake of micronutrients-including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, cobalamin, pyridoxine, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, and folate-was calculated for both users and non-users of these supplements, based on 24 h dietary recalls collected during the survey. Analyses of dietary intake were stratified by sex and age group. The estimated overall prevalence of supplement use was 16.0% (95% CI: 15.4-16.6), with a higher prevalence among women (19.5% [95% CI: 18.7-20.5]) and the elderly (27.9% [95% CI: 26.4-29.4]). Women who used vitamin and/or mineral supplements showed higher average intakes for a greater number of dietary micronutrients compared to non-users. The findings from the analysis of average micronutrient intake from food sources, particularly among women and elderly women who used supplements, support the paradox of the "inverse supplement hypothesis", which suggests that individuals who use dietary supplements are often those with the least need for them.

Associations of Dietary Intake of Vitamin B6 and Plasma Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Level With Depression in US Adults: Findings From NHANES 2005-2010.

Evidence regarding the associations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk is scarce. Accordingly, we investigated the aforementioned associations in US adults. This is a cross-sectional study that included data from two independent samples of 12,716 and 11,967 individuals (aged ≥20years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. The associations of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk were examined through multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we determined dose-response associations by fitting restricted cubic splines to the data. In the multivariable model, the highest quarter of dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression compared to the lowest quarter (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.79, p< 0.001). Similarly, the highest quartile of plasma PLP levels was linked to a reduced risk of depression compared to the lowest quartile (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93, p<0.01). With increasing quartiles of dietary intake of vitamin B6 and plasma PLP levels, the risk of depression also decreased accordingly (all p for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that for every 1-SD increase in the level of plasma lutein+zeaxanthin and dietary intake of vitamin B6, the risk of depression showed a decreasing trend (all p<0.01). The interaction test results indicated that the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 did not significantly interact with any of the stratification factors (all p for interaction >0.05). Moreover, no significant interaction was found between the amount of plasma PLP and any hierarchical factors (all p for interaction >0.05), except for gender-based subgroup analysis (p for interaction >0.05). The dose-response relationship results showed a linear decrease trend in the relationship between dietary vitamin B6 intake and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with the risk of depression. Plasma PLP levels and dietary vitamin B6 intake in the highest quartiles are associated with a lower risk of depression. These findings support the promotion of a balanced diet rich in vitamin B6. However, future randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on depression risk. We should aim for a healthy and balanced diet in terms of nutritional supplementation.

The Association between Nutrient Intake and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: Insights from NHANES Data and Dose-Response Analysis

BackgroundThe role of dietary and nutritional factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly understood, necessitating further investigation. This study aims to explore the association between nutrient intake and the risk of IBD. MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2009-2010 NHANES cycle, focusing on individuals with complete 24-hour dietary intake records and clinically assessed IBD information. Nutrient intake was assessed through dietary recalls and supplement data. Associations between nutrient intake and IBD risk were analyzed by propensity score matching (PSM) with balanced baseline characteristics and logistic regression. Dose-response relationships were examined by restricted cubic splines (RCS). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and analyses were conducted using R software. ResultsThe study included 4,072 participants with clinically assessed IBD and complete nutrient intake data. In adjusted analyses, lower intake of vitamin B3, copper, phosphorus, selenium, sodium, and protein below the recommended dietary allowance may increase the risk of developing IBD. Similarly, reduced intake of vitamin B6, vitamin E, and total PUFA is associated with elevated susceptibility to IBD. ConclusionThis study elucidates the intricate relationship between nutrient intake and the onset of IBD, underscoring the importance of maintaining a balanced diet for gastrointestinal health. These findings emphasize the significance of informed dietary choices in promoting intestinal wellness and potentially reducing the risk of IBD development.

Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Adequacy in Powerlifters.

Leonhardt, TPM, Chilibeck, PD, Ko, J, and Zello, GA. Nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): 1924-1932, 2024-Athletes competing in weight categories (e.g., powerlifters) often restrict food intake approaching competition, which may be detrimental to health and performance. Our purpose was to assess the effect of nutrition knowledge, sex, and time (off-season versus precompetition, when athletes often cut weight) on dietary adequacy in powerlifters. Twenty-three powerlifters (10 females; 30.7 ± 11.2 years) completed questionnaires to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy. Athletes with higher nutrition knowledge consumed more fruits and nuts and less vitamin B2, B3 across all time points ( p < 0.05) and a greater number (73%) were above the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D compared with athletes with lower nutrition knowledge (50%) ( p < 0.05). Male powerlifters with higher nutrition knowledge consumed less alcohol and vitamin A than male powerlifters with lower nutrition knowledge ( p < 0.05). Female powerlifters with higher nutrition knowledge consumed less sugar and beverage calories than female powerlifters with lower nutrition knowledge ( p < 0.05). Intake of alcohol and carbohydrate decreased, and meat calories increased from off-season to precompetition ( p < 0.05). Male powerlifters increased B-vitamins, whereas female powerlifters decreased B-vitamin and sugar consumption approaching competition ( p < 0.05). Male powerlifters increased water consumption versus female powerlifters approaching competition (sex × time, p < 0.05). There was no effect of nutrition knowledge on dietary changes approaching competition. Nutrition knowledge, sex, and competitive season affect dietary intake of powerlifters. A higher nutrition knowledge predicts a higher intake of some foods and nutrients important for health and performance. Female powerlifters should pay close attention to the intake of B-vitamins and water before competitions when many are trying to cut weight.

Association of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) With Dietary Intake of Vitamin B12.

Transient global amnesia (TGA), which is described as short-term amnesia, may be influenced by some dietary components involved in brain function. The aim of the present study was to assess the connection between TGA and dietary intake of vitamin B12. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 258 people with TGA and 520 people without TGA in Sabzevar, Iran. All participants were screened for TGA (ICD-10 code: G45.4). A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was utilized to estimate the dietary intake of vitamin B12. Different models of logistic regression were used to determine the association between TGA and dietary intake of vitamin B12 after adjusting the confounders. There was an inverse association between the risk of TGA and the intake of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.94, CI 95%: 0.89-0.99, p= .02, effect size: -0.04). The result did not change after adjustment for age, gender, education, job, and marital status (OR = 0.93, CI 95%: 0.88-0.98, p= .01, effect size: -0.03). The result remained significant after additional adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (OR = 0.94, CI 95%: 0.89-0.99, p= .03, effect size: -0.04), and after further adjustments for the underlying diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and stroke (OR = 0.86, CI 95%: 0.81-0.92, p< .01, effect size: -0.10). Vitamin B12 deficiency may increase the risk of TGA and should be considered as a potential concern for people at risk for TGA. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to discover the underlying mechanisms of the effects of vitamin B12 on TGA.

Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Metformin is frequently prescribed as a first-line oral hypoglycemic drug to treat insulin resistance-causing type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM). Long-term metformin use results in vitamin B12 deficiency, which is frequently overlooked and undiagnosed. A severe deficit may cause severe anemiaand gastrointestinal, or neurological issues. Studies are scarce onthis issue in Pakistani patients with T2DM. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in T2DM patients and to explore how it relates to metformin dosage or duration of therapy. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 T2DM patients using metformin therapy for more than a year and attending the outpatient diabetes clinic and the medicine department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, from August 2022 to October 2023. All socio-demographic, clinical, and general characteristics were collected. Blood samples were taken to measure the serum vitamin B12 levels, and based on these levels, deficient and normal group characteristics were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Based on the serum levels of vitamin B12 of the studied T2DM on the metformin regimen, the overall prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was found to be 36.54% (95). The B12 deficiency was higher among the age group of 41-50 years (109, 41.9%), female gender (150, 57.7%, p-value=0.0035), urban residents (194, 74.6%), non-smokers (197, 75.8%), and with a history of chronic disease (131, 50.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in vitamin B12 levels based on T2DM duration (p=0.012), with a higher prevalence in patients with a longer diabetes history of more than two years. There was no discernible statistical relationship between patients receiving different dosages of metformin (odds ratio (OR)=0.8627; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.5195, 1.4326); p-value=0.568), durations of metformin (OR=0.7400; 95% CI (0.442, 1.2325); p-value=0.247), or intake of vitamin B12 (OR=0.8532; 95% CI (0.5073, 1.4351); p-value=0.549). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency impacted more than one-third of T2DM patients using metformin (36.54%). The risk of vitamin B12 deficiency may increase in females with higher metformin dosages and longer durations of treatment. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation exists between vitamin B12 deficiency and the longer duration of T2DM. These findings highlight the relevance of routinely monitoring serum levels of vitamin B12 among those with T2DM, especially when metformin is being given for over a year or at doses greater than 1000 mg per day. These preventive strategies will aid in the early detection of vitamin B12 deficiency, allowing patients to be treated with supplementation before problems such as anemia or neuropathies arise, resulting in improved quality of life and a lower socioeconomic burden.

Relationship between emotional eating and nutritional intake in adult women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmotional eating (EE) is particularly prevalent in overweight or obese women, who may turn to food as a way to cope with stress, sadness, or anxiety. Limited research has been conducted on the association between EE and nutritional intake. Therefore, present study was designed to explore this association in adult women with overweight and obesity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the relationship between EE and nutritional intake in 303 overweight and obese women (aged 18–50 years) was examined. The researchers used the validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess participants’ nutritional intake and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to evaluate their eating behavior. To determine the association between EE and nutritional intake, we employed the multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe frequency of high intensity EE was 64.4% among the study participants and the mean total score of EE subscale of DBEQ was 2.32 ± 0.81. The total score of EE was positively associated with the energy intake (β = 0.396, P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age and BMI. In addition, a significant inverse association was found between the score of EE and the daily intake of calcium (β= -0.219, P = 0.026), riboflavin (β= -0.166, P = 0.043), and vitamin B12 (β= -0.271, P = 0.035), independent from energy and age. Also the results showed a significant positive association between the score of EE and the frequency of daily intake of cracker, muffin, cake, cream cake, pastry, candy, ice cream, pickles, melon, hydrogenated vegetable oil, peanut, salted and roasted seeds, and corn-cheese puff snack.ConclusionThis study found that overweight or obese women with higher intensity of EE might have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of dietary calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Integrating a balanced diet with psychotherapy is suggested to help individuals with EE reducing the urge to eat in response to emotions.

Circulating micronutrients levels and their association with the risk of endometriosis.

Endometriosis, a prevalent gynecological disease, has an unclear pathogenesis. Micronutrients play a crucial role in disease development, which has led to an investigation of their association with endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between 15 micronutrients and endometriosis using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the correlation. The results were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The univariate MR analysis indicated that vitamin B6 (OR = 1.7060, 95% CI: 1.1796-2.4672, p = 0.0045) and calcium (OR = 1.4834, 95% CI: 1.0747-2.0475, p = 0.0165) are associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. Higher intakes of vitamin B6 and calcium are associated with a greater likelihood of developing endometriosis. The MR Egger regression's intercept term demonstrated no evidence of pleiotropy (p > 0.05) or heterogeneity (p > 0.05) in the SNPs for calcium and vitamin B6. In multivariate MR analysis, vitamin B6 (OR = 2.397, 95% CI: 1.231-4.669, p = 0.01) was linked to an increased risk of endometriosis, independently of other exposure factors. No significant heterogeneity (p = 0.831) or pleiotropy (p = 0.369) was observed in the genetic variation of endometriosis, affirming the reliability of the multivariate MR analysis. HPLC confirmed a significant increase in serum levels of vitamin B6 and calcium, aligning with the MR analysis findings. Vitamin B6 and calcium may be associated with this disease, with vitamin B6 potentially acting as an independent risk factor. Further research is essential to elucidate the role of micronutrients in disease, offering novel insights for prevention and treatment strategies.

Short-term impact of bariatric surgery on the dietary intake of patients with type 2 diabetes.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are the key causes of rising diabetes burden in India. Bariatric surgery is gaining popularity in India as a favored approach to manage obesity and its accompanying comorbidities. Despite this, there is a scarcity of Indian studies evaluating dietary intake. Our goal was to analyse the dietary intake of Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or duodeno-jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (DJB-SG) or surgeries. The longitudinal observational study included 64 T2DM patients (32 in each procedure) enrolled through purposive sampling. The patients underwent surgery (LSG or DJB-SG procedure) between January 2017 and July 2019. Dietary data was collected at baseline and postsurgery (12 months) using a 24-h dietary recall method for 2 days (one working and one holiday). The total sample consisted of 27 (42.2%) females and 37 (57.8%) males. The mean age was 46.8 years. At 12 months, the follow-up for the LSG and DJB-SG procedures was 100% and 78%, respectively. In the short term, a significant reduction was seen in weight, body mass index and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in both surgical groups. The two procedures were comparable with respect to weight loss but improvement in glycaemia was higher in the DJB-SG group. The dietary intake (food groups and nutrients) was similar in the two surgical groups at baseline and 12 months postsurgery. Dietary intake assessment showed significant reduction in calorie dense foods (cereals, roots and tubers, fats and oils, table sugar, and biscuits) in both surgical groups. Among nutrients, intake of energy, fats, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate and iron were reduced significantly in both procedures. Vitamin D (84.4% patients in LSG group and 81.3% patients in DJB-SG) and iron (62.5% patients in LSG group and 68.8% patients in DJB-SG) were commonly prevalent nutritional deficiencies at baseline and were significantly reduced at 12 months. In the short term, bariatric surgery resulted in weight loss and improvement in glycaemia. Bariatric surgery does significantly affect dietary intake leading to nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, patients should be recommended vitamin and mineral supplements and regular patient education and counselling by a trained bariatric dietitian to prevent nutritional deficiencies and maintain nutritional status.

Exploring the Impact of Paternal B12 Levels During the Periconceptional Period on IUI Success

Background: The present study is a novel exploration of the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on seminal fluid parameters and the outcomes of intrauterine insemination (IUI). Specifically, we aimed to evaluate the concentrations of vitamin B12 in blood and seminal plasma before and after two months of supplementation. Objectives: investigate the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on the characteristics of seminal fluid parameters and IUI outcomes. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled experiment with 100 randomly selected infertile couples. The patients were divided into two equal groups according to their vitamin B12 dosage. Group A consists of 50 couples who are taking B12 supplements. Obtain blood and seminal plasma samples from couples to measure the level of vitamin B12. Group B consists of 50 couples and does not include any supplements. The couples in group B initiated ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI) during the same month as the medical examination without the use of any additional supplements. Still, after two months of vitamin B12 supplement, group A started ovulation induction. Result: Basal semen parameters for sperm count, sperm motility in grades, and sperm morphology in the study group have a higher sperm count than the control group. Vitamin B12 intake for two months improves sperm morphology and increases sperm motility in grades A and B, according to the current study. This has a favorable effect on sperm count overall. Conclusion: research will determine the positive effect of vitamin B12 supplements on sperm parameters and IUI results.