Intake Of Vitamin Supplements Research Articles

Evaluating the Impact of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter and Heavy Metals on Oxidative Stress via Vitamin Supplementation.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the interrelationships between PM2.5 exposure, heavy metal concentrations, and oxidative stress indicators, while evaluating the impact of antioxidant intake, such as vitamins, on these associations. PM2.5 exposure assessments were conducted using portable sensor-based monitors; biomarker analyses for heavy metals and oxidative stress were performed in 114 non-smoking adults. We observed that personal or ambient PM2.5 exposure levels were not associated with increased levels of heavy metals in blood and urine, nor with oxidative stress levels in urine. However, the concentrations of cadmium and lead in blood, and those of chromium and nickel in urine, were significantly associated with the urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Additionally, increases in blood cadmium, urinary chromium, and nickel levels were significantly associated with higher urinary MDA concentrations in the non-vitamin-supplement group, but this trend was not observed in the regular vitamin supplement group. Our findings suggest that a regular intake of vitamin supplements might modulate the relationship between heavy metal exposure and oxidative stress, indicating potential protective effects against oxidative damage induced by PM2.5 and heavy metals. This study highlights the complexity of environmental pollutant exposure and its impact on human health, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore potential protective strategies.

Vitamin supplements: Are they associated with immune status?

Background & AimsVitamins are essential nutrients, taken in very small amounts (0.01 to 100 mg a day). Associations between vitamin supplement intake or status and the immune system are far from consensual. Our aim was to understand the association between vitamin supplements and the immune system, namely regarding lymphocyte count and immunoglobulin levels against infectious pathogens. MethodsCross-sectional study using data from the first follow-up of the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (April 2009 to September 2012). Participants were categorized as vitamin users and non-users. Serostatus for 15 viruses, six bacteria, and one parasite was assessed. Data for inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and blood elements were also collected. ResultsOf the initial 5064 participants, 3769 (74.5%, mean age 58.3±10.5 years, 53.6% women) were retained for serostatus. On bivariate analysis, participants taking vitamins presented with higher positivity levels in three markers and lower positivity levels in two, but those differences were no longer statistically significant after multivariable analysis. 4489 participants (88.6%, mean age 57.7±10.5 years, 53.2% women) had data for inflammatory markers; no association was found between vitamin supplement use and inflammatory markers both on bivariate and multivariable analysis. Finally, 3349 participants (66.1%, mean age 57.3±10.3 years, 53.1% women) had data for blood elements; on bivariate analysis, vitamin supplement users had lower levels of haemoglobin and lymphocytes, but those differences were no longer significant after multivariable adjustment. ConclusionIn this cross-sectional, population-based study, we found no association between vitamin supplement use and markers of immune status.

Sociodemographic Factors and Nutritional Knowledge Impacts on Overall Vitamin B12 Intake in Older Women

BACKGROUND: The older population is at high risk for vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to various significant and chronic health problems. AIM: This study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional knowledge and overall vitamin B12 intake among older persons. METHODS: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was directed to 69 older women aged > 50 years. Data was collected from subject responses to various questions on the google platform, guided by professional assistance. RESULT: The study showed an inversed association between employment status (p<0.05), income level (p<0.001) and overall vitamin B12 intake, including dietary and supplement intake. The results provided new insights on monthly income level playing a crucial role in VB12 rich food consumption patterns in older persons, which were mostly unemployed. CONCLUSION: Efforts are needed to increase the coverage of VB12 supplementation, either peroral or intramuscular injection, as a solution to meet the needs of VB12 source that is affordable and effective for the older population.

Abstract C081: Associations of plasma tocopherol levels with lung cancer risk among low-income Americans: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Previous studies reported inverse associations of plasma tocopherol levels with lung cancer risk. No study has been conducted among African Americans (AAs) or the low-income population. Objectives: We conducted a nested case-control study to investigate the associations of plasma tocopherol levels with lung cancer risk among predominantly low-income AAs and European Americans (EAs) living in the Southeastern United States. Methods: This study included 209 incident lung cancer cases and 406 matched controls nested within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Using pre-diagnostic plasma samples collected at the baseline survey, levels of α-, β/γ-, δ-, and total tocopherol were measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with photo-diode array detection. Levels for tocopherol biomarkers―α-, β/γ-, δ-, and total tocopherol―were categorized on the tertile distribution of controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of lung cancer risk after adjusting for potential confounders, including enrollment age, smoking status, pack-years, alcohol consumption, education, household income, self-report of ever having been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, body mass index, and intake of vitamin supplements. Results: Mean levels of tocopherol biomarkers (ng/ml) were significantly higher among EAs than AAs (12,446 vs. 9,166 for α-tocopherol, 3,325 vs. 2,860 for β/γ-tocopherol, 373 vs. 353 for δ-tocopherol, and 16,145 vs. 12,378 for total tocopherol, respectively; all p<0.05). Overall, higher plasma levels of total tocopherol were significantly inversely associated with lung cancer risk (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.92; p-trend=0.023 among all participants). The inverse assocaiton was only significant among EAs (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.64), not AAs (ORT3 vs. T1 = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.64-2.69; p-interaction=0.18). We also found a significant association between total tocopherol and lung cancer risk among men (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.92), current smokers (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.95), and cases who were diagnosed within two years following sample collection (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.87). We also evaluated the associations of tocopherols structural isomers with lung cancer risk. α-tocopherol was significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer among EAs (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.64), but a non-significantly elevated risk among AAs (ORT3 vs. T1 = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.64-2.69; p-interaction=0.01). No significant associations were found for β/γ- and δ-tocopherols after adjustment for all potential confounders. Conclusion: Higher total and α-tocopherol were significantly associated with reduced lung cancer risk, particularly among EAs, men, current smokers, and shorter duration of a lung cancer diagnosis. Further studies to investigate the racial differences in the biological mechanisms between tocopherol biomarkers and lung cancer are warranted to confirm our findings. Citation Format: Hyung-Suk Yoon, Chris Shidal, Wei Zheng, Yan Sun, Jie Wu, Adrian A. Franke, William J. Blot, Xiao-Ou Shu, Qiuyin Cai. Associations of plasma tocopherol levels with lung cancer risk among low-income Americans: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C081.

Associations between Dietary Intake of Vitamin D, Sun Exposure, and Generalized Anxiety among College Women.

Vitamin D insufficiency impacts about half of the population worldwide. Almost one billion individuals across all ages and ethnicities suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D is mainly related to lifestyle choices and habits, such as outdoor activities and food intake. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between vitamin D status and anxiety symptoms. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between anxiety and factors including age, vitamin D deficiency, citizens, dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, along with sun exposure, among a sample of female college students in the United Arab Emirates. A descriptive questionnaire, including a short version of the generalized anxiety disorder scale, food frequency questionnaire, and sun avoidance inventory, was used to assess the relationship between the dietary intake of vitamin D-rich foods and supplements, along with sun avoidance/exposure and generalized anxiety, among a total of 386 female participants aged 18 and above. The findings showed clear evidence that sun avoidance behaviors are strongly associated with an elevated risk of generalized anxiety disorder among adult females in the United Arab Emirates.

Serum, Dietary, and Supplemental Vitamin D Levels and Insulin Resistance in 6294 Randomly Selected, Non-Diabetic U.S. Adults.

The primary aim of this study was to determine the associations between serum, dietary, and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in 6294 non-diabetic U.S. adults. A total of 8 years of data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a cross-sectional design were utilized to answer the research questions. Serum vitamin D levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes were assessed using the average of two 24 h dietary recalls taken 3–10 days apart. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), based on fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels, was employed to index insulin resistance. Demographic covariates were age, sex, race, and year of assessment. Differences in physical activity, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, body weight, season, and energy intake were also controlled statistically. Serum levels of vitamin D differed significantly, and in a dose–response order, across quartiles of HOMA-IR, after adjusting for year, age, sex, and race (F = 30.3, p < 0.0001) and with all the covariates controlled (F = 5.4, p = 0.0029). Dietary vitamin D levels differed similarly across HOMA-IR quartiles, but to a lesser extent, respectively (F = 8.1, p = 0.0001; F = 2.9, p = 0.0437). Likewise, supplemental vitamin D levels also differed across the HOMA-IR quartiles, respectively (F = 3.5, p = 0.0205; F = 3.3, p = 0.0272). With all the covariates controlled, the odds of having insulin resistance were significantly greater for those in the lowest quartile of serum and supplemental vitamin D intake compared to the other quartiles combined. In conclusion, in this nationally representative sample, serum, dietary, and supplemental vitamin D were each predictive of insulin resistance, especially in those with low serum levels and those with no supplemental intake of vitamin D.

Maternal prenatal psychological distress and vitamin intake with children's neurocognitive development.

Maternal prenatal psychological distress (PPD) is increasingly linked to sub-optimal child neurodevelopment. Daily intake of prenatal vitamin during pre-conception and early pregnancy may ameliorate the effects of PPD on cognition in the offspring. PPD was assessed in early (12-16 weeks) and late (28-32 weeks) gestation in the Ontario Birth Study. Prenatal vitamin supplement intake information was collected in early gestation. Child cognition at 4 years was assessed using the NIH Toolbox. Poisson regression was used to investigate associations between PPD and/or prenatal vitamin intake and child cognition. Four hundred and eighteen mother-child dyads were assessed. Moderate-severe PPD experienced during early gestation was associated with reduced cognition (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRRadj) = 3.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57-8.77, P = 0.003). Daily intake of prenatal vitamins was not associated with cognition (IRRadj = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.73-2.46, P = 0.34). Upon stratification, the experience of mild-severe PPD with daily intake of prenatal vitamins was associated with higher incident rates of suboptimal cognition compared to children of women with daily prenatal vitamin intake without any episode of PPD (IRRadj = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.1-7.4). Moderate-severe PPD in early pregnancy is associated with poor cognition in children and daily intake of prenatal vitamin did not ameliorate this association. Our findings expand on existing literature by highlighting that exposure to prenatal psychological distress (PPD), in moderate-to-severe form, in the early stages of pregnancy, can have detrimental effects on the offspring's cognitive development at 4 years. Overall, prenatal vitamin intake did not ameliorate the effects of PPD. Early screening and treatment of prenatal maternal mental illness is crucial.

Improvement of vitamin D status through consumption of either fortified food products or supplement pills increased hemoglobin concentration in adult subjects: Analysis of pooled data from two randomized clinical trials.

Background: It is documented that vitamin D may have a role in erythropoiesis as its deficiency is accompanied by an increased risk of anemia. Aim: This study aimed to examine whether improvement of vitamin D status through daily consumption of either fortified foods or supplements could impinge on certain hematologic parameters in adults. Methods: We pooled data from our two separate clinical trials and made five experimental groups. As part of their usual diet, one group consumed 500 mL/day of yogurt drink fortified with 1000 IU of vitamin D (D-yogurt, n = 27) whereas one group consumed 500 mL/day of the plain yogurt drink (P-yogurt, n = 27). In addition three other groups consumed either 50 g/day bread fortified with 1000 IU of vitamin D (D-bread) or supplement containing 1000 IU vitamin D (D-supplement, n = 27) or placebo (placebo, n = 27). Biochemical measurements were performed before and after the intervention. Results: In all three vitamin D-supplemented groups, serum 25(OH)D concentration increased after the intervention period, which was interestingly accompanied by a significant increment of hemoglobin (D-yogurt, p < 0.001, D-bread, p = 0.003, D-supplement, p < 0.001). Analyses indicated that among participants in vitamin D-intervention groups, being in D-yogurt group was more favourable predictor of improvement in hemoglobin concentrations compared with the placebo (p < 0.001), D-bread (p = 0.045) and P-yogurt (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Improvement of vitamin D status via regular intake of either vitamin D-fortified food products or supplements can result in a significant increment of hemoglobin in adult subjects. This finding has very important clinical as well as public health implications.

Прием витаминно-минеральных комплексов во время беременности необходим: сравнительный анализ действующих рекомендаций

Currently, the Russian Federation has several methodological and clinical recommendations, programs and guidelines developed by the communities of nutritionists, pediatricians and obstetricians-gynecologists. All of them are of informational and methodological nature and are designed for practical use. The aim of the study is to compare the current recommendations on the use of vitamins and minerals in the nutrition of pregnant women to maintain the optimal micronutrient status, as well as to assess their compliance with global trends. Nutritionists' recommendations are aimed at prophylactic intake of vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) to improve the micronutrient status of a pregnant woman and meeting the needs of the fetus. The 2020 recommendations of domestic obstetricians and gynecologists on the use of micronutrients in the nutrition of pregnant women are based on fundamentally different criteria and proceed from the extent to which additional intake of a particular micronutrient may reduce the risk of obstetric and perinatal complications. Given the high prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women, the absence of programs for mandatory enrichment of products of mass consumption with B vitamins and iron, iodization of table salt, in Russia it is advisable to prescribe VMS by women in order to replenish the insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals with the diet. In 2019, new guidelines from the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) were published that recommend a routine daily intake of VMS specifically designed for pregnant women. It seems expedient and logical to create unified national clinical guidelines harmonized with modern international recommendations based on consensus between nutritionists, obstetricians-gynecologists and pediatricians. The presence of such a regulatory document will facilitate the work of practitioners. A lot of educational work is also needed to explain the benefits of prophylactic intake of VMS during preparation and during pregnancy to maintain the health of the mother and child. Key words: multiple vitamin-mineral supplements, pregnancy, current recommendations, micronutrient sufficiency

Dental Erosion in Obese Patients before and after Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Obese patients are at risk of dental erosion due to micronutrient deficiency, consumption of soft drinks, gastric reflux disease and vomiting. The present study evaluates the presence of dental erosion in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery using the BEWE (basic erosive wear examination) scoring system. A total of 62 patients with severe obesity were included in the analysis, 31 in the control group (without bariatric surgery) and 31 in the surgery group (after bariatric surgery). BEWE scores did not vary between groups. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 19 patients in the control group and three in the surgery group (p < 0.001). The serum calcium and vitamin D values were significantly higher in the surgery group (p = 0.003, p < 0.001 consecutively). All patients after bariatric surgery showed compliance with supplements, including vitamin D and calcium daily. Patients after bariatric surgery were less likely to drink soft drinks regularly (p = 0.026). Obese patients, before or after bariatric surgery, are at risk for erosive dental wear. However, with sufficient education prior to surgery and consistent intake of vitamin and mineral supplements, significant erosive dental wear after bariatric surgery could be avoided. Regular dental examination should be included in the check-up and follow-up program.

Inadequate vitamin D status is associated with lower food plus supplemental intake of vitamin D in children of South Asian ethnicity living in the National Capital Region of Canada.

Vitamin D status, measured in a Vitamin D Standardization Program certified laboratory, was assessed among children of South Asian and European ethnicity living in the national capital region of Canada to explore factors that may account for inadequate status. Demographic information, dietary and supplemental vitamin D over 30d prior to measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and anthropometry were measured (age 6.0-18.9 y; n= 58/group; February-March 2015). No group related differences in age, height and body mass index (BMI) Z-scores or in food vitamin D intakes were observed. Standardized serum 25OHD was lower in South Asian children (mean± SD: 39.0± 16.8nmol/L vs. European: 58.4± 15.8nmol/L). A greater proportion of South Asian children had serum 25OHD <40nmol/L (56.9 vs. 8.6%, P< 0.0001) and fewer took supplements (31 vs. 50%, P= 0.0389). In a multi-factorial model (r2= 0.54), lower vitamin D status was associated with overweight/obese BMI and older age (14-18 y); no interaction with ethnicity was observed. Lower vitamin D status was associated with lower total vitamin D intake only in South Asian children. This study reinforces the importance of public health actions towards meeting vitamin D intake recommendations among those of high-risk deficiency. Novelty: A higher proportion of South Asian vs. European children had inadequate vitamin D status. Lower vitamin D status was associated with a BMI in the overweight/obese range. Lower vitamin D status was associated with lower total vitamin D intake in South Asian but not European children.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF ELEVATED VITAMIN B12 LEVELS AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL

<h3>Introduction</h3> Measurement of serum vitamin B12 and folate levels is an integral part of the laboratory evaluation at our geriatric psychiatry clinic. While B12 testing is typically done to detect abnormally low B12 levels, in our clinic and elsewhere the tests often detect vitamin B12 abnormalities consisting of high rather than low levels of B12. The apparent high frequency of excessively high levels of vitamin B12 at our clinic led us to explore this issue in a more systematic manner. <h3>Methods</h3> This presentation examined all the B12 results completed at Hackensack Meridian Health- Jersey Shore University Medical Center [JSUMC] in 2018 and 2019. The initial query elicited 15833 test results. All cases whose folate was low (n=58) or unavailable (n=3987) were excluded from further analysis resulting in a sample of 11787 tests. Furthermore, duplicate tests for the same individual were excluded, holding on to the earliest performed test, resulting in a sample of 8901 B12 tests across all ages. This presentation examines the interplay between three variables: Vitamin B12 level, Age, and MCV. All three parameters were examined as continuous as well as categorical variables. The three variables were converted from continuous to categorical variables as follows: B12 level (low 0-179 Pg/Ml = 132 pmol/L; normal 180-914 Pg/Ml (that is 133-677 pmol/l); high 915 Pg/Ml (677 pmo/l) and up), Age (young 0– 17 yrs; adult 18-64; senior 65 and up), MCV (low 0-79.9; normal 80-100; high 100.1 and up). The conversion ratio for vitamin B12 is is 1.35 pg/ml = 1 pmol/l. <h3>Results</h3> 1. 22% of the whole sample had above normal Vitamin B12 levels 2. 27% of Seniors (65 and older) had above normal Vitamin B12 levels 3. B12 levels correlated positively with age; Seniors (65 and older) had significantly higher (by about 20%) B12 levels compared to adults (18-64 of age) 4. 8% of Seniors had high MCV despite normal or above normal plasma B12, suggesting possible functional B12 deficiency 5. 3.3% of Seniors had normal MCV despite B12 deficiency. <h3>Discussion</h3> During a two year period over a quarter of all vitamin B12 tested patients at JSUMC in general, and seniors in particular had above normal B12 levels. Oral B12 supplements may contribute to above normal B12 plasma levels, but the literature is equivocal on this issue. Unfortunately because in this sample specific clinical data was not available regarding the B12 intake in this population, the nature of the relation between oral intake of vitamin B12 supplements and abnormal high plasma B12 levels could not be explored. Several studies have reported on the prevalence of abnormal high vitamin B12 levels: Jammal et al., 2013 found it in 12% of cases, Carmel et al.,2001 in 14% and Chiche et al., 2013 in 18% of patients. Using 914 Pg/Ml as a cutoff point resulted in 27.5 % of JSUMC seniors falling in the above normal range category well above the published results. Above normal vitamin b12 levels are known to be associated with a long list of serious conditions including: 1. Hematological malignancies / blood dyscrasias, 2. Liver diseases, 3. solid organ tumors, 4. Autoimmune disorders 5. Renal disease / kidney failure, 6. Infectious diseases 7. Possibly with excessive b12 supplements intake. 8. Increased all-cause mortality Two recent studies have reported on the relationship between serum B12 concentrations. Wolffenbuttel et al., 2020 found, that there was a small but significant increase in cardiovascular mortality in the groups with low or high serum B12. The 2020 Flores-Guerrero et al., study found "that higher levels of plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality...". <h3>Conclusions</h3> 1. Over a quarter of the seniors tested at JSUMC had abnormally high vitamin B12 levels. The reason for this higher than expected prevalence requires further exploration. 2. In addition, since elevated B12 levels are known to be associated with a long list of serious medical conditions and a higher mortality rate, this project emphasizes the importance of conducting a careful clinical review for possible serious hidden causes for such findings. 3. High vitamin B12 may be the result of oral intake of large amounts of vitamin B12 supplements, but this information is typically not systematically collected. This project also highlights the importance of collecting accurate quantitative information regarding vitamin supplement intake when completing the medication reconciliation process in routine clinical practice. 1. Andrès E, et al., 2013 PMID: 23447660. 2. Arendt JF, et al., 2013 PMID: 23241600. 3. Carmel R, et al., 2001 PMID: 11843883. 4. Jammal M, et al 2013 PMID: 2314212. 5. Chiche L, et al., 2013 PMID: 23708236. 6. Wolffenbuttel BHR, 2020 PMID: 33032595. 7. Flores-Guerrero JL, 2019 PMID: 31940038.

100 Young Scholar Presentation: Energy and Mineral Supplementation Strategies for Beef Cattle Grazing the Northern Great Plains

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate supplementation strategies for beef cattle grazing in the Northern Great Plains. In experiment 1, 28 cow-calf pairs had access to electronic feeders (SmartFeed system; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) that monitored individual vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM) intake. Cows had greater VTM intakes (81.1 ± 8.2 g/d; P &amp;lt; 0.01) than calves (44.2 ± 8.6 g/d) but both attended feeders a similar (P = 0.71) proportion of days. Furthermore, we noted greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) concentrations of Se, Cu, and Co in livers of HIGH intake cows compared to LOW intake cows. Experiment 2, we used the SmartFeed system to regulate intake of individual heifers (n = 60) in a group pasture scenario assigned to control (CON), VTM, or energy supplement (NRG) treatments, and evaluated supplement intake, and concentrations of liver mineral and metabolites. Though no differences were observed in BW and ADG, treatments that provided VTM enhanced liver concentrations of Se, Fe, Cu, and Co (P &amp;lt; 0.05). No differences (P = 0.85) were observed in concentrations of NEFA; however, NRG heifers had greater (P = 0.01) glucose concentrations than CON and VTM heifers. Experiment 3 objectives were to determine the influence of feeding VTM and NRG supplements to beef heifers (n = 35) during the first 84 days of pregnancy on concentrations of progesterone (P4), corpus luteum (CL) size and fetal body measurements. Providing NRG during early gestation resulted in heavier CLs (P = 0.003) that produced more P4 (P = 0.002) and greater fetal femur growth (P = 0.009) whereas providing VTM enhanced fetal liver growth (P = 0.05). Overall, we were able to successfully monitor and control individual mineral intake, corroborated those differences in liver mineral concentrations, and observed alterations in fetal growth after mineral and energy supplementation.

Abstract C046: Dietary calcium and vitamin D and sun exposure with the risk of breast cancer among African American women

Abstract Background: Compared to European American women, African American (AA) women have a higher incidence of breast cancer (BrCa) under age 45, and are more likely to develop estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors, a more aggressive BrCa subtype. Experimental studies drew attention to the potential antitumorigenic properties of calcium and vitamin D. Darker skin color reduces the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D upon sun exposure. This, together with the tendency of AAs to consume less vitamin D and calcium from food and supplement sources, places AAs at risk for vitamin D and calcium deficiency. However, data are limited regarding the impact of calcium and vitamin D on risk of BrCa and specific subtypes among AA women. Objective: To evaluate calcium intake and vitamin D exposure (through food, supplements and sunlight) with the risk of BrCa and its subtypes among AA women. Methods: We evaluated these associations among 1033 BrCa cases and 391 controls of AA descent recruited since March 2012 in the Women's Circle of Health Study. Cases were identified by rapid case ascertainment in 10 counties in New Jersey. Controls were identified by random-digit-dialing and community-based recruitment, and were frequency matched by age group and county of residence. Dietary information over the year prior to diagnosis (for cases) or the reference date (for controls) was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire through in-person interviews. Supplemental intakes including multivitamin sources and daily hours spent outdoors in daylight were also collected. Hormone receptor status was obtained from pathology reports. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for relevant sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle risk factors. Results: Vitamin D intake from food was not associated with BrCa risk. However, for supplemental vitamin D intake, we observed a significant decreased overall BrCa risk for users of ≤800 IU/day vs. nonusers (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98), which was limited to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BrCa (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.94), but not for ER- or triple-negative BrCa. More daylight hours spent outdoors in a year predicted a lower risk of pre- and postmenopausal BrCa [comparing the highest quartile (Q4) vs. lowest (Q1): OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.20-0.68, p-trend: 0.002; OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.30-0.71, p-trend: 0.001, respectively]. The significant inverse associations were observed for both ER+ and ER- BrCa, but not for triple-negative BrCa. Calcium intake was not associated with BrCa risk. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that moderate intake of supplemental vitamin D may decrease the risk of ER+ BrCa. Sun exposure may decrease the risk of BrCa among AA women, which does not appear to differ by menopausal status and ER status. Citation Format: Bo Qin, Baichen Xu, Nan Ji, Karen Pawlish, Song Yao, Christine Ambrosone, Kitaw Demissie, Chi-Chen Hong, Elisa V. Bandera. Dietary calcium and vitamin D and sun exposure with the risk of breast cancer among African American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C046.

The Relationship Between Total Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Dietary and Supplemental Intake of Vitamin D in the Adult U.S. Population During 2003–2014

Abstract Objectives We sought to determine whether 25OHD increased during NHANES 2003–2014 and whether the effects of preselected covariates on 25OHD were similar within/across three 4-yr periods. Methods 25OHD was measured in adults (≥20 y) using RIA (2003–2006) and LC-MS/MS (2007–2010, 2011–2014). Descriptive and regression analyses were stratified by survey period to investigate the effect of demographic (age, race-Hispanic origin, season, sex) and lifestyle (diet and supplements containing vitamin D) factors. Using only LC-MS/MS data, a single model was used to assess changes in 25OHD between 2007–2010 and 2011–2014. Results Previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data suggested that high-dose vitamin D supplements may explain increased serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) from 1988–2006 to 2007–2010. Without adjustment, mean 25OHD steadily increased from 2003–2006 to 2011–2014 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). However, the stratified regression analyses revealed the effect of age, sex, and supplement use with 25OHD was different in 2003–2006 (RIA) compared to 2007–2010 and 2011–2014 (LC-MS/MS). Therefore, to assess the presence of an increase in recent 25OHD, we limited the analysis to LC-MS/MS data (2007–2014). After covariate adjustments, the significant increase in unadjusted 25OHD from 2007–2010 to 2011–2014 (P = 0.048) was no longer statistically significant (P = 0.11). After adjustment, non-Hispanic blacks were on average 23 nmol/L lower than non-Hispanic whites; and supplement use of ≥1000 IU/d raised 25OHD by 32 nmol/L compared to none. Conclusions It was clear that we could not assess long-term trends in 25OHD because the 2003–2006 data were predicted, not measured. This led to limiting the final model to LC-MS/MS data. After adjusting for higher doses of supplements, along with other covariates in the final model, there was no statistically significant increase in 25OHD (2007–2014) confirming the role of supplement use as a driving factor in the unadjusted concentrations. Funding Sources None.

A20 VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION REDUCES THE OCCURRENCE OF COLORECTAL POLYPS IN HIGH-LATITUDE LOCATIONS

Abstract Background There is suggestive evidence for the role of vitamin D in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, previous studies have observed associations with vitamin D supplementation and lower incidence of CRC. Due to high latitudes in Canada, many Canadians are vitamin D deficient throughout winter Aims In this analysis, we aimed to examine the association between either vitamin D supplement use or meeting the reccommended daily intake of vitamin D, and either any colorectal polyp, or a known precursor of CRC: high-risk adenomatous polyps (HRAPs). Methods The study population was drawn from the biorepository at the Forzani &amp; MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre (CCSC) in Calgary. Data were obtained from the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) I or II, the Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire (HLQ), and through post-colonoscopy reports completed by the endoscopist. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between intake of supplemental vitamin D and presence of HRAPs. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, fiber intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Results Individuals between the age of 50 and 74 years (n= 1,409) were included. When examining the association between any supplemental vitamin D use and HRAPs, a protective effect was observed with an ORadj of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33–0.96). Similarly, meeting the recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin D (600 IU) was protective against HRAPs with an ORadj of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62–0.99). Conclusions This study suggests that adequate vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk of HRAPs. These results could be used to inform public health recommendations for vitamin D intake with hopes of reducing the risk of HRAPs. Funding Agencies None

Main sources and parental educational level differences in intake of vitamin D in Finnish preschool children

AbstractIn Finland the recommendation for the use of vitamin D supplement is a daily supplement throughout the year for all children. It is also recommended that fluid milk products and fat spreads are fortified with vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date data on children's dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin D. We also examined educational level differences in the intake and sources of vitamin D.A cross-sectional study on the diet in Finnish 3–6-year-old preschool children (the DAGIS Study) was carried out in 2015–2016. Children were recruited in preschools in Southern Finland and in the Southern Ostrobothnia Region (n = 864). The parents reported child's supplement use (brand name, dose, frequency of use) during the last month and their own education level. The highest parental education level (PEL) was used in analysis. Parents and preschool personnel also filled in a 3-day food record for the child. A part of the families also kept an additional 2-day food record, which we sent to capture seasonal variation in the diet. In this analysis we included children (n = 794) with data for supplement use and at least 1-day food record. We calculated dietary intake based on the Fineli food composition database and created a dietary supplement database. We used Kruskal-Wallis test for statistical analysis.Most of the children in all PELs used vitamin D supplements (low 77%, medium 85%, high 85%). Dietary supplements covered almost half of the total intake in all groups (low 42%, medium 48%, high 47%, p = 0,087). The main dietary sources of vitamin D were fortified fluid milk products, fortified fat spreads and fish dishes. A higher proportion of vitamin D was obtained from fish dishes in families with higher PEL (low 4.3%, medium 4.5%, high 6.1%, p = 0.005), but otherwise there were no differences in the proportions of the main sources. The vitamin D intake from diet and supplements was lowest in families with low PEL but the total intake of vitamin D was adequate in all groups (low 18.3, medium 20.7, high 20.7 μg/day, p = 0.001).The use of vitamin D fortified fluid milk products and fat spreads and the vitamin D supplementation seem to ensure adequate vitamin D intake in all children, regardless the level of parental education.

Knowledge and attitude of candidates to gastroplasty about perioperative: randomized clinical trial.

to evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention in the knowledge and attitude of candidates for gastroplasty. randomized controlled clinical trial with 56 preoperative patients (intervention=28; control=28). The control group received routine care from the health institution and the intervention group participated in a book-mediated educational intervention. Forms were used for clinical-epidemiological characterization and evaluation of knowledge/attitude about bariatric surgery, which were reapplied seven weeks after intervention. RBR-297fzx. in the pre-test there was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.254). In the post-test, the group that received verbal guidance had a mean score of 19.5 (± 6.17) and the group reading the booklet averaged 31.1 (± 2.96), p=0.000. The attitude is adequate, especially for care such as vitamin supplement intake, water intake and physical activity practice. the educational intervention mediated by booklet was effective in improving knowledge and attitude when compared to verbal guidance. Thus, it can be replicated during the preoperative preparation.

Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria

<i>The aim</i>: of our study was to evaluate the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] in pregnant Bulgarian women with and without vitamin D supplementation. <i>Material and methods</i>: We investigated 547 pregnant Bulgarian women, mean age 30±5 years, median 30 (18-47). All pregnant women filled in a specially designed standard questionnaire. The cohort consisted of 547 unselected pregnant women, 278/547 (50.82%) taking vitamins at the time of the investigation, as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. We introduced four category level of vitamin D: Severe deficiency: < 10 ng / ml; Moderate deficiency: 10 - 20 ng / ml; Insufficiency: 20 - 30 ng / ml; Sufficiency: > 30 ng / ml. The peripheral levels of 25(OH)D were investigated using a standard Electro Chemyluminescence Immuno Assay (Competition principle) in a central laboratory on the day of the sampling. <i>Results</i>: For the whole group (547 pregnant women), the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.86±9.46 ng / ml; median 24.51 (7.96 - 70.00), corresponding to mild insufficiency. Sufficient vitamin D (≥ 30 ng / ml) had a significantly higher percentage of pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D compared to the non-supplementеd group - 87 (31.29%) versus 61 (22.68%), P < 0.05. At the same time, vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) was significantly higher in pregnant women without supplementation with vitamin D - 86 (31.98%) versus those with supplementation - 61 (21.94%), P < 0.01. <i>In conclusion</i>: the levels of vitamin D among pregnant Bulgarian women are within the span of mild insufficiency, probably due to the intake of combined vitamin supplements by approximately half of the studied women during the pregnancy.

First data from the new, unified database of the Hungarian case-control surveillance of congenital abnormalities

The Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (HCCSCA) is one of the largest case-control data sets of CA-surveillance in the world. We unified all data collected in the HCCSCA between 1980 and 2009 into a new, validated single database that is now open for examination. The details of this unified database are given in this paper. The total number of cases and control newborns is 32,345 and 57,231, respectively. The overall prevalence of CAs recorded in the HCCSCA was 10.7/1000 live-births. Data available for each pregnancy are: CA(s), gender, birth year/month/date, birth weight, gestational age, area of mother’s living, maternal age, paternal age, birth order, mother’s and father’s qualification, employment status and type of employment, mother’s marital status, outcome of previous pregnancies, maternal diseases during pregnancy (according to pregnancy months), drug intake during pregnancy (according to pregnancy months), folic acid and/or pregnancy vitamin supplement intake (according to pregnancy months), mother’s smoking habits and alcohol consumption patterns. The most frequent anomalies detected were ventricular septal defect (2864), atrial septal defect (1895), polydactyly (1499), hypospadias (1083), and unilateral cleft lip ± palate (961). According to ICD-10, 701 diseases have been found to affect case mothers during pregnancy. Eight hundred and sixteen drugs were identified that had been taken by mothers during pregnancy. The authors are absolutely open for any scientific cooperation based on this database.