Student Intake Research Articles

On the merits of a unified physics and engineering undergraduate programme of study

The merits of a pedagogic and programmatic unification between physics and several engineering disciplines at the undergraduate level are discussed. Arguments for such a unification are presented, based on the strong overlap of core teaching material and the similarity of career trajectories in the modern job market for physics and engineering graduates. In addition to providing a level of robustness for academic institutions against external factors such as fluctuating student intake numbers, such a merger can also have positive dividends for increased inclusion of minority and female students in STEM fields. The widespread availability and affordability of advanced laboratory equipment, computing hardware/software and other technical infrastructure at the current time is also highlighted as a reason for the practical feasibility of this approach.

Correlation between Eating Behavior and Use of Social Media with Energy-Dense Food Intake Based on Gender among Students in Semarang, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Eating behavior and the use of social media are believed to affect the intake of energy-dense foods. This study aimed to determine the relationship between eating behavior and use of social media with energy-dense food intake in students by gender.
 METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional method. The subjects were 123 peoples from one of university in Semarang, Indonesia aged 18-24 years, taken using the consecutive sampling method. Energy-dense food intake was taken using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, eating behavior was using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and social media use was using the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior and self-identity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson's test, Spearman's rank test, and multiple linear regression.
 RESULTS: The intake of energy-dense foods was higher in men than women. This study showed that there was a relationship between emotional eating (p = 0.001; r = 0.408), external eating (p = 0.008; r = 0.338), and eating behavior due to social media (p = 0.001; r = 0.415) and energy-dense food intake. in women, and duration of social media use (p = 0.003; r = 0.377) with energy-dense food intake in men. Gender and eating behavior due to social media had an effect of 24.9% on energy-dense food intake.
 CONCLUSION: In women, emotional eating, external eating, and eating behavior due to social media were related to the intake of energy-dense foods. In men, the duration of social media use was related to the intake of energy-dense foods. Gender and eating behavior due to social media were the most influential variables on energy-dense food intake.

UNDERSTANDING THE UNSETTLED EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTIVE EDUCATION IN THE VALUE-ADDED APPROACH

ABSTRACT This study compares the estimated grammar school effect in different regression models, and explains why previous evidence of the effetiveness of grammar school is mixed. Like most studies of school effectiveness evaluation, previous research on grammar school effect usually applies regression to control for confounding between-school factors and determines whether attending grammar schools is associated with an academic benefit. While this value-added approach is very feasible and widely adopted, there is usually substantial variation in the evidence produced when statistical choices differ. Applying the national data with more than 149,000 pupils, the study presents the sensitivity of grammar school effectiveness when baseline variables, outcome variables, and regression techniques differ. The findings will help researchers understand the mixed evidence of the effectiveness of grammar schools so far, and the unsettled debate on grammar schools nationally. While inconsistent estimations due to passive design is a common trait in school effectiveness evaluation studies, grammar schools’ effectiveness might be even more sensitive to statistical choices due to their special student intakes. Interpreting the variation between different statistical models, the findings caution researchers in dealing with the evidence in grammar school effectiveness and call for stronger designs as well as more carefully selected explanatory variables.

Industrial Revolution 4.0 as a Strategic Issue of Higher Education

This study aims to explore strategic issues of the industrial revolution 4.0 in the higher education environment, accompanied by an in-depth analysis with the perspective of change management and how they adapt. The method used is SWOT analysis by scanning the environment through non-probability sampling using snowball data collection with the help of Google forms so that stakeholders can respond through a multimedia platform. The results of data processing in the form of index numbers by contrasting strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats. The final result is the ordinate point 2.93, 013 which is in quadrant 1 with good internal strength but has not been able to seize opportunities, which requires more adequate consolidation of resources. It was concluded that private higher education in Banten Province at a young age still requires strengthening in terms of human resources, finances, stable intake of students and educational infrastructure that must be updated according to the demands of the industrial revolution 4.0.

Relationships between Dairy and Calcium Intake and Mental Health Measures of Higher Education Students in the United States: Outcomes from Moderation Analyses.

Background: The prevalence of mental health concerns among university students in the United States (U.S.) continues to increase, while current treatments, including medication and counseling, present shortcomings. Higher dairy and calcium intakes are associated with protective effects on mental health; however, previous studies have focused on investigating singular relationships between dairy and calcium intakes and mental health measures. A more complex exploration of these relationships is warranted to better examine whether increasing dairy and calcium intakes could serve as an intervention to improve mental health. The present study sought to further characterize the relationships between dairy and calcium intake, perceived stress, and a variety of mental health measures using linear regression and moderation analyses. Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved students studying at three large U.S. universities, and data collection occurred from April to May 2020 when students were learning remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey comprising validated tools was distributed among students to assess dairy and calcium intake, perceived stress, anxiety, negative and positive moods, rumination, and resilience, sleep quality and duration, dietary risk, and physical activity. Results: A total of 1233 students completed the study. Higher dairy and calcium intake was coincident with lower perceived stress and higher positive mood scores, while higher calcium intake was also coincident with lower anxiety, rumination, and higher resilience scores. Additionally, as calcium intake increased, the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety and the relationship between perceived stress and negative mood weakened. Dairy intake did not have this effect. Conclusions: Based on the results, and considering that calcium is a shortfall nutrient, universities should consider initiating programs and public health campaigns to promote dairy and calcium intake among this population.

Weight Trajectory Since Birth, Current Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Glucose Tolerance in Young Underweight Japanese Women.

Introduction: We studied weight trajectory since birth and dietary intake in Japanese female students majoring in nutrition sciences.Materials and Methods: Birth weight, adolescent height and weight, current body composition by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, dietary intake, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and adipokines were cross-sectionally compared between young underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5) and normal-weight (BMI ≥18.5 and <25.0) women with overweight (BMI ≥25.0) women as an internal reference.Results: Serum adiponectin (leptin) was the highest (lowest) in 42 underweight women, intermediate levels in 251 normal-weight women, and the lowest (highest) levels in 14 overweight women. Compared with normal-weight women, underweight women had lower weight at birth, at age 12, 15, and 20 years, but comparable height, and hence lower BMI at three time points. Underweight women had higher gluteofemoral fat adjusted for total body fat and weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass, although absolute and height-adjusted fat mass and skeletal muscle mass were lower. Glucose tolerance assessed by oral glucose testing, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between the two groups. Daily intake expressed per kg of body mass of energy and protein was the highest in underweight women, intermediate levels in normal-weight women, and the lowest levels in overweight women.Conclusions: Some young Japanese women are underweight not because of a strong drive for thinness, but because they were born lighter and remained lean until young adults. Underweight was associated with higher gluteofemoral fat adjusted for total body fat and relative skeletal muscle mass.

TEACHERS’ JOB DEMANDS, RESOURCES AND JOB SATISFACTION: SECONDARY ANALYSES OF TALIS 2018 DATA FROM FLANDERS AND THE NETHERLANDS

&lt;p&gt;Across Europe, teacher shortages occur in both primary and secondary education, affecting the quality of students’ learning environment with class cancellations, combined classes, and overloaded teachers, leading to reduced learning opportunities for students. National policies in the Netherlands and Flanders go into the direction of increasing the influx of students into teacher education programmes, improving their study success and increasing retention rates of in-service teachers. In view of these teacher shortages, it is not only important to increase the intake and outflow of students in teacher education programmes, but also to increase job satisfaction of in-service teachers. Based on secondary analyses of TALIS 2018 data from primary and secondary school teachers in the Netherlands and Flanders, work demands, resources available to teachers and their job satisfaction have been examined with use of the Job Demands-Resources model (Demerouti et al., 2001). Regression analyses show that feelings of distress and perceived stress in teaching and classroom management show a negative relationship with job satisfaction. Moreover, social recognition of the teaching profession, a social value as motivation for the teaching profession and a safe learning and working climate in school are positively related to teachers’ job satisfaction. The results are discussed in the light of findings from other research on teachers’ job satisfaction and research of TALIS data, in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0933/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student' sleep patterns, sexual activity, screen use, and food intake: A global survey.

BackgroundThe education sector experienced substantial impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting from worldwide restrictions.PurposeTo examine differences in the sleep patterns, sexual activity, screen use, and food intake of students and non-students during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis was a global cross-sectional study conducted in the second half of 2020 using multiple social media platforms to recruit study participants globally. A close-ended questionnaire was administered anonymously in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Arabic to adults ages 18 and older. The outcome variables considered in analyses were changes in sleep pattern, sexual activity, screen use, and food intake. The explanatory variable was student status categorized as students vs. non-student. T-test, chi-square, and Mann Whitney U tests were used to assess differences between student and non-student populations. One logistic regression model was built for each outcome variable. Country of residence and country income level were included in the adjusted models.ResultsThere were 17,008 participants of which 3,793 (22.3%) were students. Of the total sample, 4,889 (28.7%) reported changes in sleep, 4,642 (31.8%) reported increases in sexual activity, 10,278 (70.7%) reported increases in screen use, and 5,662 (40.2%) reported increases in food intake during the pandemic. Compared to non-students, students had significantly higher odds of reporting changes in sleep (AOR = 1.52), increases in sexual activity (AOR = 1.79), and increases in screen use (AOR = 1.36) but lower odds of reporting increase in food intake (AOR = 0.87).ConclusionStudents displayed higher risk of experiencing changes in sleep, sexual behavior, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has the potential to lead to broader adverse effects on students’ overall wellbeing. The findings and implications raise further obligations on the education sector to put extra-curricular support systems in place that address COVID-19 related behavior changes that have the potential to adversely impact students’ wellbeing.

Does General and Specific Traits of Personality Predict Students' Academic Performance?

Methods The study includes all fifth-year dental students registered at the College of Dentistry, Ajman University, in 2019/2020. One hundred and seventy students were invited to complete personality and performance measures using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) scale; the weighted grade point average (GPA) was used to assess students' academic performance. Results Of the 170 participants, 60% were female and 40% were male. Participants ranged in age from twenty-four to twenty-seven years, with an average age of twenty-four years. There was a relationship between personality scores obtained for the students and their subsequent academic performance. The broad conscientiousness, competence, achievement, and dutifulness predicted academic and clinical success. The prediction accuracy of conscientiousness was improved by the inclusion of dutifulness, self-discipline, and deliberation. Conclusion This study confirms that the students' personality profile is a substantial predictor of academic performance and likely to help select future intakes of students, although a prospective study would be required for a definite answer to this question.

Developing a competency-based undergraduate logbook for pediatrics: Process and lessons.

With the first MBBS batch admitted under the new National Medical Commission (NMC) undergraduate curriculum entering pediatric clinical posting soon, creation of a Pediatric logbook in consonance with this competency-based curriculum was felt to be a need of the hour. No such document is yet available in the public domain. The logbook template, created after enormous brainstorming amongst authors, includes 176 Shows (S), Shows How (SH) and Perform (P) level competencies. These were further segregated into certifiable (23), affective domain (25) and clinic/field visits (9) leaving 51 as documentable competencies. The institutions may use this template to build their own institute-specific logbook based on the infrastructure, faculty strength, clinical patient load, student intake and preferred assessment method(s). It would also be worthwhile to integrate this with the internship logbook (and later the postgraduate one for students opting for post-graduation in pediatrics) to provide a longitudinal record of each student's trajectory of learning.

Snack intake among college students with overweight/obesity and its association with gender, income, stress, and availability of snacks during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective. To assess the determinants of snack intake among college students with overweight/obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that younger and male students, those from minority background, those experiencing higher stress levels, and those with higher accessibility/availability of unhealthy snacks would snack more frequently or consume more unhealthy snack choices. Methods. This was a secondary analysis of the baseline data obtained from the Snackability trial, a trial testing the efficacy of a smartphone application for improving the quality of snack intake in US college students with overweight/obesity. Participants completed a survey on socio-demographics, stress levels, and snack patterns at the baseline visit (n=298). Analyses included correlation, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis, and logistic regressions. Results. Most students were females 81.9%, 40.9% were whites, and 55.7% had a household income

Leadership’s Policy in Pandemic School Era: New Student Admission, Zonation System, and Digital Problem

This study discusses the leadership of school principals in the context of new student admissions by zonation system, and tracking digital problems in the pandemic era. This study aims to analyze how technology responds to policies related to new student admissions in the Covid-19 era. A qualitative approach is used. researcher as an active instrument. Data related to leadership policies, intake of new students, and digital problems were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation with data flow chart analysis by Miles and Huberman. The informants are the principal, deputy principal, student affairs, administration, and school operators. The findings show that the acceptance of new students at MAN 2 Jambi City takes into account the number of teachers, and facilities according to the on-line PPDB technical instructions. The on-line 2020/2021 PPDB acceptance is intended to apply 2 channels, namely the "general route and achievement (zonation system)" connected to the databases of the ministry of social affairs, the ministry of education, and the ministry of religious affairs to avoid fraud. Research also proves that the digital problem in this madrasah does not occur. It is recommended that the on-line PPDB implementation be carried out through a zonation system.

The Effect of Dissemination of Resources and Information Approach on Energy and Fiber Intake in Overweight Students

Background; The incidence of overnutrition for elementary school children continues to increase rapidly throughout the world and has reached an alarming stage due to excessive energy intake. Students who are overweight are caused by the school environment selling a lot of foods containing saturated fat and low fiber which has an impact on increasing the amount of excessive energy in the body. Objectives; This study aims to assess the effect of the dissemination of resources and information approach on the nutritional intake of overweight students. Material and Method; This research was conducted in elementary schools in Makassar city with a quasi-experimental design conducted on overweight children in elementary school grades 4-5 consisting of 40 intervention groups and 40 control groups and purposive sampling. A 3-month research intervention with nutrition educators accompanied by the provision of modules and leaflets Data collection was carried out using pre-test and post-test as well as data processing and analysis using the SPSS program with chi-square test, Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. Results; The results showed that both the intervention and control groups had a significant effect on energy intake and fiber intake during pre, post 1 and post 2 (p = 0.000 0.05). Conclusion;The conclusion is that there is an effect of the dissemination of resources and information approach on the nutritional intake of overweight students. Overweight students can manage their diet in a planned manner and increase fiber consumption and be active in physical activities.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI SEIMBANG DAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI SISWA-SISWI DI SMP NEGERI 2 AIR PUTIH

Background Knowledge of a teenager is mainly influenced by education. Low education and lack of knowledge of nutrition can lead to irregular behavior and eating habits so that it becomes the cause of nutritional problems. Therefore, adolescents need adequate food both in terms of quality and quantity. The better the nutritional knowledge of teenagers, the more varied or varied the food consumed, the more fulfilled the nutritional adequacy. The purpose of this research is to know the description of nutritional knowledge and nutrient intake of students of SMP Negeri 2 Air Putih. The type of research used is a descriptive survey with a cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study were 78 teenagers who were taken by total sampling, the data collection methods were interviews using questionnaires and 24-hour food recall. The results showed that 39.7% of knowledge was in the good category with 17.9% carbohydrate intake in the good category, 17.94% protein intake in the good category, 15.38% fat intake in the good category, 32.1% calcium intake in the medium category and 39.7% iron intake in the less category. Conclusions Knowledge of balanced nutrition of students is still low (39.7%) as well as the average intake of nutrients in the good category is only 24.6% of the recommended nutritional adequacy.

Analysis of Item Writing Flaws in a Communications Skills Test in a Ghanaian University

Adhering to the rules governing the writing of multiple-choice test items will ensure quality and validity. However, realizing this ideal could be challenging for non-native English language teachers and students. This is especially so for non-native English language teachers because developing test items in a language that neither they nor their students use as their mother tongue raises a multitude of issues related to quality and validity. A descriptive study on this problem was conducted at a Technical University in Ghana which focused on item writing flaws in a communication skills test. The use of multiple-choice test in Ghanaian universities has increased over the last decade due to increasing student intake. A 20-item multiple-choice test in communication skills was administered to 110 students. The test items were analyzed using a framework informed by standard item writing principles based on the revised taxonomy of multiple-choice item-writing guides by Haladyna, Downing and Rodriguez (2002). The facility and discrimination index (DI) was calculated for all the items. In total, 60% of the items were flawed based on standard items writing principles. The most violated guideline was wording stems negatively. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a weak relationship between the difficulty and discrimination indices. Using the discrimination indices of the flawed items showed that 84.6 % of them had discrimination indices below the optimal level of 0.40 and above. The lowest DI was recorded by an item with which was worded negatively. The mean facility of the test was 45%. It was observed that the flawed items were more difficult than the non-flawed items. The study suggested that test items must be properly reviewed before they are used to assess students’ knowledge.

Overview of Macro Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Students at the Putri Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School, Ternate City

Adolescents are one of the nutritionally vulnerable groups. At this time, adolescents enter the second phase of rapid growth and then physical growth declines as young adults enter. Problems that arise in adolescents are undernutrition and overnutrition. One that is related to nutritional status is nutrient intake which is very influential on a person's nutritional status. Nutrient intake is influenced by eating habits and eating patterns of adolescents themselves. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of macronutrient intake and nutritional status at the Putri Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School, Ternate City. The type of research used is descriptive research. The sampling technique used total sampling with a total sample of 29 people. The tools used were Microtoise, Bathroom Scale and form food recall 24. The results showed that the intake of macronutrients, as many as 28 people (96.6%) with less energy intake, 29 people (100.0%) with less protein intake, 16 people (55.2%) with more fat intake and 26 people (89.7%) with less carbohydrate intake. There were 25 people (86.2%) with normal nutritional status. It was concluded that from the results of the respondents had less protein intake and most had less energy and carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, most of these teenagers have good fat intake with normal nutritional status.

Indian Technical Institutions Comparative Evaluation of Distance Based Using WSM Method

Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are Located all over India Publicly owned by Central Govt Technology companies. Indian technology companies are used Performance Appraisal Here to solve the problem of WSM. Weighted Sum works by multiplying the designated field values Indian Technical Institution or appraising the alternatives Analysis in Faculty strength (FS), Student intake (SI), Number of Ph.D awarded (Ph.D), Number of patents applied for (Patent), Campus area (CA) Evaluation parameters in Computational time, Simplicity, Mathematical calculations involved, Flexibility. Student intake (SI) is got the first rank whereas is the Faculty strength (FS) is having the Lowest rank. In this paper Indian Technical Institution of WSM Student intake (SI) is got the first rank whereas is the Faculty strength (FS) is having the Lowest rank

Effects of a Culinary Boot Camp intervention on food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake of college students

Objective: College is characterized by transition, students shifting from dependence to independence in numerous roles/responsibilities. Deficiencies in food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake exist, evidenced by declining physical well-being and poor eating patterns/practices within the population. Studies examining interventions to improve food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake among college students are limited. Participants/methods: A nutrition education program, Culinary Boot Camp (CBC), was developed and delivered to college students at a land-grant university. Online surveys assessed food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake pre-/post-/follow-up intervention. Results: Of 86 CBC participants, 71 pre-, 46 post-, and 20 follow-up surveys were completed. Several food/nutrition aptitudes improved (p ≤ 0.05), with greatest improvements in cooking skills/attitudes and healthy eating/grocery shopping self-efficacy (p < 0.01). Additionally, dietary intake of various micronutrients (vitamin C, magnesium, potassium) and fiber increased with statistical significance (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Results suggest CBC is an effective nutrition education program to improve food/nutrition aptitudes and dietary intake amomg college students.

The effect of substituting carrots into tempeh brownies on the intake of protein energy deficiency in Indonesia

This research investigates the use of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to substitute tempeh as the main ingredient of tempeh brownies and its efficacy in changing the nutritional status of students with PEU. Quasi-experimental method, non-randomized control group pretest research design. The samples consist of 22 students who were selected using purposive sampling technique (case and control). The energy intake of case group is 91.94 kcal (p = 0.005) while the one in control group is 80.6 kcal (p = 0.005). The protein intakes of case group and control group are 7.55 g (p = 0.010) and 6.95 g (p = 0.038) respectively. The findings also reveal that the body weight in case groups is 0.99 kg (p = 0.000) in the control group is 0.57 kg (p = 0.000). There is an effect of giving carrot tempeh brownies (D. carota L.) to changes in energy intake and protein intake in students lacking in protein energy.

Determining factors of academic success of first year BSc Dietetics students

It is broadly acknowledged that a host of factors influence the academic success of students, but there currently is a paucity of literature about this issue in the field of health sciences, and none in specifically Dietetics, in South Africa, and very little globally. This constitutes a significant knowledge gap in the field of higher education, as determining which factors are most important in facilitating the success of Dietetics students in a South African context, will make a significant contribution to understanding and assisting such students. The aim of this article is to report on a study that identified the key factors of success of first year BSc Dietetics students at one South African university. The aim of the study was to inform the design of interventions that would improve the performance and throughput of these students. Quantitative analysis of success factors contained in the existing data of the university, qualitative focus group discussions on students’ perceptions and a questionnaire with a qualitative and quantitative section on success factors were used. In recruiting students for Dietetics, strict adherence to admission criteria is necessary and support should be given to students on an individual basis to ensure the highest quality of student intake and eventual output. This study showed that Dietetics students realised their own responsibility to ensure their academic success, but participants also provided important insights on what can be done by the staff, the department and university in order to improve the academic success. This information is useful to others in the higher education community and also in other programmes in health sciences. More research on the perception of staff regarding academic success factors is needed and various intervention strategies to improve success can then be investigated.