Intake Of Protein-rich Foods Research Articles

Serum creatinine is more strongly associated with hyperuricemia than eGFR in males but not in females.

Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) are factors associated with hyperuricemia, though which is more closely associated with hyperuricemia remains unclear. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the associations of serum creatinine and eGFR with hyperuricemia using health check-up findings. Enrolled were 6020 individuals (3509 males, 2511 females) who underwent health check-ups from 2017 to 2021. The subjects were divided based on serum uric acid level into the normuricemia (males 1.5-7.0 mg/dl, females 1.5-< 6.0 mg/dl) and hyperuricemia (males >7.0 mg/dl, female ≥ 6.0 mg/dl) groups. Matched-pair analysis was used to evaluate the association between hyperuricemia and variables related to serum uric acid. Matched-pair analysis results showed a significant association of serum creatinine with hyperuricemia in male subjects but not in females. Furthermore, propensity score obtained by binominal logistic regression demonstrated that serum creatinine had a greater association with hyperuricemia than eGFR in the males but not in females. The present findings indicate an association of serum creatinine with hyperuricemia in males not only because of reduced renal function but other factors related to greater muscle mass, such as increased intake of protein-rich foods containing purines and increased uric acid production induced by accelerated creatinine metabolism.

Relationship Between School Food Environment and Eating Behaviors of Primary School Children in Dodoma: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study assesses the relationship between school food environment and eating behaviors of primary school children in Dodoma among 248 primary school children aged 6–13 years. School characteristics information and socio-demographic characteristics were collected. Multilevel modeling was employed to assess the individual-level variance in eating behaviors. Most of the variances in the investigated eating behaviors were at the personal level. Significant associations (p < .05) were between protein-rich food intake and fats and sugar-rich food with the death of either parent. And association between intake of vitamin and mineral-rich foods and the number of people living in household.

Serum Metabolomic Markers of Protein-Rich Foods and Incident CKD: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Rationale & ObjectiveWhile urine excretion of nitrogen estimates total protein intake, biomarkers of specific dietary protein sources have been sparsely studied. Using untargeted metabolomics, this study aimed to identify serum metabolomic markers of six protein-rich foods and to examine whether dietary protein-related metabolites are associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study DesignProspective cohort study. Setting & Participants3,726 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study without CKD at baseline. ExposureDietary intake of six protein-rich foods (fish, nuts, legumes, red and processed meat, eggs, poultry), serum metabolites. OutcomesIncident CKD [eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with ≥25% eGFR decline relative to visit 1, hospitalization or death related to CKD, or end-stage kidney disease. Analytical ApproachMultivariable linear regression models estimated cross-sectional associations between protein-rich foods and serum metabolites. C-statistics assessed the metabolites’ ability to improve discrimination of highest versus lower three quartiles of intake of protein-rich foods beyond covariates (demographics, clinical factors, health behaviors, and intake of nonprotein food groups). Cox regression models identified prospective associations between protein-related metabolites and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). ResultsThirty significant associations were identified between protein-rich foods and serum metabolites (fish, n=8; nuts, n=5; legumes, n=0; red and processed meat, n=5; eggs, n=3; poultry, n=9). Metabolites collectively significantly improved discrimination of high intake of protein-rich foods compared to covariates alone (difference in C-statistics=0.033, 0.051, 0.003, 0.024, and 0.025 for fish, nuts, red and processed meat, eggs, and poultry-related metabolites, respectively; p<1.00 x 10-16 for all). Dietary intake of fish was positively associated with 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine (22:6n3), which was inversely associated with incident CKD (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.89, p=7.81×10-6). LimitationsResidual confounding and sample storage duration. ConclusionsWe identified candidate biomarkers of fish, nuts, red and processed meat, eggs, and poultry. A fish-related metabolite, 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine (22:6n3), was associated with lower risk of CKD.

Advancing nutrition risk assessment in middle-aged and older individuals with diverse food cultures: A data-driven personalized approach to predict incident hypertension, diabetes and mortality.

Personalized nutrition risk assessment is crucial in addressing the association between healthy dietary habits across the life course and the development of disease, functional capacity, and healthy aging, as specific dietary pattern recommendations may not be suitable for diverse food cultures. To develop a data-driven, personalized nutrition risk assessment algorithm linked to incident hypertension, diabetes, and all-cause mortality utilizing the food frequency questionnaire among middle-aged and older individuals. A retrospective, population-based cohort study conducted between 1999 and 2015 utilized the nationally representative Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) survey to examine personalized dietary risk clusters and their associations with health outcomes. Latent class analysis was performed to derive the dietary diversity clusters among community-dwelling middle-aged and older individuals. Outcomes were defined as new-onset hypertension, diabetes mellitus and all-cause mortality at 4-, 8-, 12- and 16-year follow-ups. Data from 1,811 participants (58.14% males, 43.90% aged 50-64 years) showed that around one-third of participants reported being illiterate, 21.98% widowed, and 51.46% engaging in regular physical exercise. Four dietary diversity clusters were identified: "least diverse", "fish and meat", "dairy, fruit, and vegetable", and "most diverse". The "most diverse" cluster was characterized by a high consumption of protein-rich foods, while the "dairy, fruit, and vegetable" cluster had the highest consumption of dairy products and beans/legumes. The "least diverse" cluster had the lowest intake of protein-rich foods, and dark-colored vegetables and fruits. The "most diverse" cluster had a significantly lower risk of hypertension development at the 4-year (aOR 0.58; p < 0.02) and 8-year (aOR 0.57; p < 0.01) follow-up and diabetes at the 4-year (aOR 0.44; p < 0.03) follow-up. Participants in the "most diverse" clusters exhibited lower risks of 8-year, 12-year, and 16-year mortality than those in the "least diverse" cluster (aOR 0.67, p < 0.05; 0.67, p < 0.03; and 0.50, p < 0.01, respectively). The personalized nutrition risk assessment algorithm from the food frequency questionnaire can effectively stratify personal health risks among diverse middle-aged and older individuals, making it a valuable tool in lifestyle modification and intervention studies.

Plasma Metabolomics of Dietary Intake of Protein-Rich Foods and Kidney Disease Progression in Children

Evidence regarding the efficacy of a low-protein diet for patients with CKD is inconsistent and recommending a low-protein diet for pediatric patients is controversial. There is also a lack of objective biomarkers of dietary intake. The purpose of this study was to identify plasma metabolites associated with dietary intake of protein and to assess whether protein-related metabolites are associated with CKD progression. Nontargeted metabolomics was conducted in plasma samples from 484 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) participants. Multivariable linear regression estimated the cross-sectional association between 949 known, nondrug metabolites and dietary intake of total protein, animal protein, plant protein, chicken, dairy, nuts and beans, red and processed meat, fish, and eggs, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and dietary covariates. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the prospective association between protein-related metabolites and CKD progression defined as the initiation of kidney replacement therapy or 50% eGFR reduction, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. One hundred and twenty-seven (26%) children experienced CKD progression during 5years of follow-up. Sixty metabolites were significantly associated with dietary protein intake. Among the 60 metabolites, 10 metabolites were significantly associated with CKD progression (animal protein: n=1, dairy: n=7, red and processed meat: n=2, nuts and beans: n=1), including one amino acid, one cofactor and vitamin, 4 lipids, 2 nucleotides, one peptide, and one xenobiotic. 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE, P-16:0/18:1) was positively associated with dietary intake of red and processed meat, and a doubling of its abundance was associated with 88% higher risk of CKD progression. 3-ureidopropionate was inversely associated with dietary intake of red and processed meat, and a doubling of its abundance was associated with 48% lower risk of CKD progression. Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling revealed metabolites associated with dietary intake of protein and CKD progression in a pediatric population.

Factors Involved in the Evolution of the Basal Metabolic Rate over 30 Months After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the basal metabolic rate (BMR) falls. However, it is important to know how BMR per kilogram of body weight (BMR/kg) varies in the postoperative period. The present study evaluated the changes in the BMR/kg and its correlates over 30 months after RYGB. Eighty adult patients of both genders who underwent RYGB agreed to participate in the study. The following evaluations were performed before surgery (n=48) and 6 (n=27), 12 (n=28), 24 (n=40), and 30 months (n=29) after surgery: anthropometry, body composition (bioelectrical impedance), metabolic analysis (indirect calorimetry), and diet (food recall). Statistical analysis was performed (p = 0.05). Although BMR decreased after surgery, BMR/kg increased significantly as compared to baseline from 12 months onward, peaking at 24 months and not significantly dipping at 30 months, suggesting stabilization of BMR/kg 2 years after surgery (pre, 10.68 ± 2.33 kcal/kg; 12 months, 12.46 ± 2.85 kcal/kg; 24 months, 18.78 ± 4.81 kcal/kg; 30 months, 18.12 ± 3.69 kcal/kg; p <0.001). Regarding the variables that influenced the BMR/kg, at 12 months, they were %LBM and intake of calcium-source foods (34%); at 24 months, it was protein intake (16%); and at 30 months, it was the intake of calcium-source foods (26.7%). RYGB is associated with a significant increase in BMR when it is adjusted to body weight from 12 to 24 months postoperatively. Among the factors involved in the increase in BMR/kg are body composition and intake of protein-rich foods.

Association of Protein Intake with Recurrence and Survival Following Primary Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

BackgroundMalnutrition is common during treatment of ovarian cancer, and 1 in 3 patients report multiple symptoms affecting food intake after primary treatment. Little is known about diet posttreatment in relation to ovarian cancer survival; however, general recommendations for cancer survivors are to maintain a higher level of protein intake to support recovery and minimize nutritional deficits. ObjectivesTo investigate whether intake of protein and protein food sources following primary treatment of ovarian cancer is associated with recurrence and survival. MethodsIntake levels of protein and protein food groups were calculated from dietary data collected ∼12 mo postdiagnosis using a validated FFQ in an Australian cohort of women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Disease recurrence and survival status were abstracted from medical records (median 4.9 y follow-up). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for protein intake and progression-free and overall survival. ResultsAmong 591 women who were progression-free at 12 mo follow-up, 329 (56%) subsequently experienced cancer recurrence and 231 (39%) died. A higher level of protein intake was associated with better progression-free survival (>1–1.5 compared with ≤1 g/kg body weight, HRadjusted: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.00; >1.5 compared with ≤1 g/kg, HRadjusted: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.90; >20% compared with ≤20% total EI from protein, HRadjusted: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.96). There was no evidence for better progression-free survival with any particular protein food sources. There was a suggestion of better overall survival among those with higher total intakes of animal-based protein foods, particularly dairy products (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.99 for highest compared with lowest tertiles of total dairy intake). ConclusionsAfter primary treatment of ovarian cancer, a higher level of protein intake may benefit progression-free survival. Ovarian cancer survivors should avoid dietary practices that limit intake of protein-rich foods.

Abstract P212: Plasma Metabolomics of Dietary Intake of Protein-Rich Foods and Kidney Disease Progression in Children

Introduction: There is inconsistent evidence on the efficacy of a low-protein diet for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and there is a lack of objective biomarkers of dietary intake. The purpose of this study was to identify plasma metabolites associated with dietary intake of protein among children with CKD and to assess whether protein-related metabolites are associated with CKD progression. Methods: We conducted non-targeted metabolomics using plasma samples from 484 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) participants. Multivariable linear regression estimated the cross-sectional association between 949 known, non-drug metabolites and dietary intake of dairy, nuts and beans, red and processed meat, fish, chicken, and eggs, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and dietary covariates. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the prospective association between protein-related metabolites and CKD progression defined as kidney replacement therapy or 50% eGFR reduction, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. We used a false discovery rate &lt;0.05 as the statistical significance threshold to account for multiple comparisons. Results: Fifty-seven unique metabolites were significantly associated with dietary protein intake (dairy: n=21; nuts and beans: n=13; red and processed meat: n=20; fish: n=2; chicken: n=3; eggs: n=0). Among them, ten metabolites were significantly associated with CKD progression (TABLE) , including one amino acid, one cofactor and vitamin, four lipids, two nucleotides, one peptide, and one xenobiotic. 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-GPE (P-16:0/18:1) was positively associated with dietary intake of red and processed meat and CKD progression, and 3-ureidopropionate was inversely associated with dietary intake of red and processed meat and CKD progression. Conclusion: Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling revealed metabolites associated with dietary intake of protein and CKD progression in a pediatric population.

A study on dietary habits of women faculty and impact of nutrition education

Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue especially among women. So, awareness about importance of balance diet for a healthy living is needed for them. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns of 50 women faculty in Arul Anandar College, Madurai and provide nutrition education and to assess the impact of nutrition education. In this regard the dietary pattern of women faculty were assessed and awareness about healthy diet and stress free life using various modes were imparted and the impact was assessed using KAP. Dietary pattern assessment revealed that, most study participants were non vegetarians and consumed three meals a day, pressure cooking was the predominant method adopted for cooking cereals and pulses. Inadequate intakes of pulses, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products were observed. Frequent intake of carbohydrate rich foods, fats and oils but an infrequent intake of protein rich foods and vitamin and minerals rich foods in a week. Malnutrition were linked to low intakes of pulses and beans; milk and dairy products; vegetables and fruits food groups. After nutrition education, the scores for knowledge and attitude have increased than scores for practice. Women of the study population had an unhealthy dietary pattern. So, nutrition education were provided and the impact was assessed using KAP scores and after the education KAP scores have increased than before.

Protein-rich food intake and risk of spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study

Diet quality is increasingly recognized as important for human reproductive capacity. We studied the association between intake of protein-rich foods and risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB). During 2013-2020, we recruited pregnancy planners from the United States and Canada (Pregnancy Study Online; PRESTO) and Denmark (SnartForaeldre.dk; SF). Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and a validated cohort-specific food frequency questionnaire. We estimated preconception intake of red meat, poultry, processed meat, seafood, eggs, plant-based proteins, and dairy from individual foods and mixed recipes. We included 4,246 PRESTO and 2,953 SF participants who reported a pregnancy during the study. Data on SAB were derived from questionnaires and population registries. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), representing the effect of substituting one type of protein-rich food for another. SAB risk was 23% in PRESTO and 16% in SF. In PRESTO, substitution of seafood with other protein-rich foods was associated with higher SAB risk [for example, the HR for replacing 100g of seafood/week with 100g of red meat was 1.10 (95% CI 1.00, 1.20)]. In contrast, in SF, substituting seafood with other protein-rich foods was associated with lower SAB risk [HR for replacing 100g of seafood/week with 100g of red meat was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82, 0.98)]. Other protein-rich food substitutions were not meaningfully associated with SAB risk. Preconception intake of protein-rich foods was largely unrelated to SAB risk, with the exception of seafood, which was associated with higher risk of SAB in Denmark, but a lower risk in North America.

Food Habits and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Malangwa Municipality, Sarlahi, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Stunting and thinness are major nutritional problems affecting adolescents in the developing countries. This cross- sectional study was conducted to identify food consumption pattern, nutritional status and lifestyle pattern of adolescents studying in public schools of Malangwa municipality, Sarlahi, Nepal.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents of public schools. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and face to face interview method was used to collect information from three public schools of Malangwa municipality. Simple random sampling technique was applied. Food consumption pattern were reviewed by 24 –hour recall method and 7– day food frequency questionnaire.&#x0D; RESULTS: The result indicated that protein rich food intake was very low (29%) among the adolescent’s daily diet and 82% of the respondents took fruits and vegetables in daily diet. 40.1% respondents were found malnourished, out of which 37.5% were and 64.8% were boys while 35.2% were girls. Also, 2.5% were overweight, out of which 50.0% were girls and 50.0% were boys.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Awareness on healthy eating of the adolescents needs to be created to uphold their nutritional status.

The Patterns of Complementary Feeding and Growth among 12 to 23 Month-Old Children in China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the characteristics of dietary patterns among children aged 12 to 23 months and discusses the relationship between dietary patterns and the growth of children. MethodCross-sectional data were selected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0 to 18 year-old children in China (n = 2,449) to describe the patterns of complementary feeding and the growth of children. Cluster analysis was used to analyze complementary feeding patterns, and an analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were conducted to analyze the relationship between Z scores and complementary feeding patterns. ResultsFour dietary patterns were identified among the children via cluster analysis. In Pattern 4 (n = 104, 4.2%), children still consumed milk as their staple food. They displayed the lowest grain, fruit, vegetable, egg, and flesh foods consumption, a medium frequency of breast milk consumption, and a high frequency of dairy product consumption. Pattern 4 had the lowest length-for-age Z scores and weight-for-age Z scores, with –0.10 ± 1.34 and 0.24 ± 1.00, respectively (F = 7.940, P < 0.001; F = 5.317, P < 0.001). ConclusionAlthough China is undergoing rapid urbanization and economic development, there is still a phenomenon of insufficient intake of protein-rich foods and dairy-based dietary patterns at the stage of complementary food introduced among children aged 12 to 23 months.

Perceived Food Insecurity, Dietary Quality, and Unfavorable Food Intake among Children and Adolescents from Economically Disadvantaged Households.

Few studies have investigated food security, dietary quality, or unfavorable food intake through self-reports among children and adolescents in Asia. This study assessed the association of perceived food insecurity with dietary quality and unfavorable food intake among 1111 children and 538 adolescents from economically disadvantaged families in Taiwan. Food security status was collected by a validated questionnaire. Dietary quality was examined using a dietary diversity score (DDS). Unfavorable food intake was defined as fried food, bread/cake/pastries, sugar-sweetened beverages, and biscuits/chips. Food-insecure participants had lower DDS, whole grains and protein-rich food intake than food-secure participants. Furthermore, food-insecure children had a higher frequency of unfavorable food consumption. The level of children’s food insecurity was inversely associated with DDS (β: −0.047, 95% CI: −0.085 to −0.009) but positively with bread/pastry (β: 0.103, 95% CI: 0.022–0.184) and sugar-sweetened beverages (β: 0.117, 95% CI: 0.018–0.215) intake. Adolescents who reported food insecurity and not enough money for household expenses had an odds ratio of 2.85 (95% CI: 1.15–7.10) for poor DDS relative to their food-secure and financially able counterparts. We recommended that health policy needs to include diversifying food and nutrition education for vulnerable children and adolescents to improve dietary quality.

White meat proteins were more conducive to hepatic antioxidative status than soybean and red meat proteins.

Intake of protein-rich foods might induce oxidative stress in organs. This study investigated the impacts of protein sources including casein, soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins on hepatic oxidation and antioxidation status in rats. It was shown that meat proteins produced higher reactive oxygen species in livers (from 64,868 to 87,153F/mgpro) than casein (54,045F/mgpro) and soybean protein (48,361F/mgpro, p<.05). Pork and soybean proteins induced higher hepatic oxidative stress than fish, chicken and beef proteins by increasing malondialdehyde production (>16%, p<.05). White meat (fish and chicken) proteins promoted hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity compared to soybean and red meat (pork and beef) proteins (p<.05). Compared to red meat proteins, white meat proteins increased hepatic expressions of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Rats fed red meat proteins showed hepatic steatosis with small vacuoles. Therefore, white meat proteins were more conducive to hepatic antioxidative status than soybean and red meat proteins. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Intake of protein-rich foods may induce oxidative stress response at both cell and organ levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of different protein sources including casein, soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins on oxidation and antioxidation status in rat livers. It was shown that meat proteins induced higher production of reactive oxygen species than casein and soybean protein. However, white meat proteins showed higher antioxidant capacity than soybean and red meat proteins by increasing hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, compared to soybean and red meat proteins, white meat proteins lowered hepatic oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde production. This study suggested that intake of moderate white meat proteins was more conducive to hepatic antioxidative status than intake of soybean and red meat proteins. This study would promote the understanding of healthy effects of different protein sources.

Hemodialysis Affects Wanting and Spontaneous Intake of Protein-Rich Foods in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Protein-energy wasting is a risk factor for mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients (HD patients). Food intake could be modified by HD-related changes in the food reward system (i.e., liking and wanting of specific macronutrients). In HD patients on days with and without dialysis, we evaluated (1) the reward system for protein-, fat-, and carbohydrate-rich foods, plasma hormones, and metabolite changes; and (2) the spontaneous ad libitum intake of macronutrients. Twenty-four HD patients evaluated their liking and wanting of macronutrients at 7:30 AM and 11:30 AM on a day with and a day without dialysis. Concentrations of hormones and plasma amino acids were determined. An additional 18 HD patients ate what they wanted from a buffet lunch comprising 8 dishes on a day with and a day without dialysis. Healthy subjects, age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched, served as controls. At 11:30 AM, wanting for protein-rich foods was higher on the day with than on the day without dialysis (P<.01), bringing wanting levels close to those of healthy subjects. This increase correlated with changes in the concentrations of plasma amino acids (P<.01). HD patients ate more protein from the buffet on the day with than on the day without dialysis (P<.01) and more than healthy subjects (P<.01). In HD patients, wanting and spontaneous intake of protein-rich foods increase immediately after dialysis. This increase correlated with decreased concentrations of plasma amino acids. Thus, in clinical practice, protein-rich foods should be recommended during and after dialysis in patients with protein-energy wasting.

Assessment of Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Women of Childbearing Age in Cameroon: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Malnutrition due to poor feeding habits, is still a serious public health issue in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary patterns and nutritional status of women of childbearing age in various geographical settings in Cameroon so as to propose intervention strategies. Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted from January 2014 to August 2015, women aged 14 - 49 years were randomly selected from the capital city Yaounde and four regions of Cameroon. Anthropometric measures were collected for nutritional status assessment. Data on diet habits and socio-demographic parameters were collected. Results: 608 women of reproductive age with average age 34.68 ± 0.39 years made up the study. Dietary patterns assessment revealed that, most study participants had a frequent intake of carbohydrate rich foods and fats and oils rich foods; but an infrequent intake of protein rich foods and vitamin and minerals rich foods in a week. Nutritional status assessment revealed that, 2.1% were underweight, 28.6% had a normal weight, 30.8% overweight, and 38.5% obese. The grass field regions presented the highest prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity. Higher malnutrition levels were linked to low intakes of pulses and beans; milk and dairy products; vegetables and fruits food groups. Conclusion: Women of the study population had an unhealthy dietary pattern and a poor nutritional status. Therefore, strategies such as nutritional education are warranted and should be age and region specific, so as to target specific groups of women and ensure adequate nutritional status and health.

Association of Quantity and Quality of Protein Intake with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Adolescent Boys and Girls (13-15 Years) Studying in Public Schools of Delhi.

Data on prevalence of mental health disorders indicates that 4.5% and 3% of the Indian population is suffering from depression and anxiety respectively. Research suggest that a poor quality diet (lacking in macro and micronutrients) may lead to deficiencies that are associated with depression and anxiety disorders. The present research was designed to study the prevalence & association of depression & anxiety with protein intake among adolescent boys and girls (aged 13-15 y) studying in public schools of Delhi. 546 adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study (selected from public schools in Delhi). For the assessment of depression and anxiety symptoms and dietary micronutrient deficiencies Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; administered to the parents) and 24 h recall and food frequency questionnaire (administered to the subjects) were used respectively. Adolescent Micronutrient Quality Index (AMQI) was further used to assess the protein quality of the diets. Prevalence of depression and anxiety were 33.5% and 27.47% respectively. Assessment of diets through AMQI revealed that low intake of protein rich foods like milk and legumes was significantly associated with higher mean scores of depression (p<0.001) and anxiety symptoms (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis for depression and anxiety symptoms, it was observed that males who were not consuming milk for breakfast had higher odds of getting depressed (OR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.10-0.77; p=0.0177) and anxious (OR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.10-0.77; p=0.0177) and females had higher odds of getting depressed (OR: NE; 95%CI: NE; p≤0.0177). This study highlights the association of mental health with quality and quantity of protein consumed by adolescents. It will also serve as a strategic tool for mental health prevention and management policies designed for adolescents. It also adds to the growing body of research in the area of nutritional psychiatry.

Intake of protein-rich foods in relation to outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies

Some dietary factors have been linked to outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART), but the role of intake of meats and other protein-rich foods remains unclear. The aim of this manuscript was to study the relation between preconception intake of meat and other protein-rich foods and outcomes of infertility treatment with ART. A total of 351 women enrolled in a prospective cohort at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center and underwent 598 ART cycles for infertility treatment. Meat intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and ART outcomes were abstracted from electronic medical records. We estimated the associations between intake of protein-rich foods (meats, eggs, beans, nuts, and soy) and the outcome of live birth per initiated cycle using generalized linear mixed models. The average total meat intake was 1.2 servings/d, with most coming from poultry (35%), fish (25%), processed meat (22%), and red meat (17%). Fish intake was positively related to the proportion of cycles resulting in live birth. The multivariable-adjusted probabilities of live birth for women in increasing quartiles of fish intake were 34.2% (95% CI: 26.5%, 42.9%), 38.4% (95% CI: 30.3%, 47.3%), 44.7% (95% CI: 36.3%, 53.4%), and 47.7% (95% CI: 38.3%, 57.3%), respectively (P-trend=0.04). In the estimated substitution analyses, the ORs of live birth associated with increasing fish intake by 2 servings/wk were 1.54 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.07) when fish replaced any other meat, 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.98) when fish replaced any other protein-rich food, and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.35) when fish replaced processed meat. Fish consumption is related to a higher probability of live birth following infertility treatment with ART. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00011713.

Growth and protein-rich food intake in infancy is associated with fat-free mass index at 2-3 years of age.

The reduction of infant protein intake and associated growth velocity is a recommended public health strategy for reducing the risk of childhood obesity. This study tests the hypothesis that infants' growth and protein-rich food (dairy, meat, fish and egg) intake influences childhood body size and composition at 2-3 years of age. Thirty-six children were studied from the Feeding Queensland Babies Study Cohort, which prospectively collected data on infant growth and diet. Body composition was estimated using the deuterium oxide dilution technique at 2-3 years of age. Fat-free mass index Z score at 2-3 years of age was positively associated with animal protein food (dairy, meat, fish and egg) intake at 12 months of age (r = 0.58, P = 0.002, false discovery rate corrected P value = 0.008) and negatively associated with weight-for-length growth velocity from 6 to 12 months of age (r = -0.75, P = 0.019, false discovery rate corrected P value = 0.038), which in turn was negatively associated with growth velocity from 0 to 6 months of age (r = -0.790, P = 0.007). This study suggests that strategies to reduce protein intake and growth velocity in early life may limit fat-free mass growth, potentially predisposing to increased adiposity in later life.

Association between the Frequency of Protein-Rich Food Intakes and Kihon-Checklist Frailty Indices in Older Japanese Adults: The Kyoto-Kameoka Study.

We aimed to investigate whether frequencies of protein-rich food intake were associated with frailty among older Japanese adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 among 3843 men and 4331 women in a population-based cohort of Kameoka city, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Frailty was assessed by the weighted score based on the 25-item Kihon-Checklist. The frequency of protein-rich food intake was examined as “seafood”, “meat”, “dairy products”, “eggs”, and “soy products”. The outcome of frailty was analyzed with a multiple logistic regression model using the frequency of protein-rich food intake. When compared to the first quartile, it was observed that there was a significant association between the lower adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for frailty and the frequency of seafood intake in the fourth quartile among men (PR 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42, 0.99) and from the second quartile to the third quartile among women (PR 0.61, 95% CI, 0.43, 0.85; PR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.46, 0.91). The frequency of dairy products intake in the third quartile among women was significantly associated with a lower PR for frailty (p-value = 0.013). Our findings suggest that the consumption of seafood and dairy products may help older adults in maintaining their independence.