Intake Of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Research Articles

Associations of dietary factors with gastric cancer risk: insights from NHANES 2003-2016 and mendelian randomization analyses.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Diet significantly influences the incidence and progression of GC. However, the relationship between dietary intake and GC is inconsistent. Methods: A study was conducted with adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2016 to investigate possible associations between 32 dietary factors and GC. To further detect potential causal relationships between these dietary factors and the risk of GC, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. The primary method employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis, and its results were further validated by four other methods. Results: Of the 35,098 participants surveyed, 20 had a history of GC. Based on the results of weighted logistic multivariate analysis, it was observed that there was a positive correlation between total fat intake [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.01-1.17), p = 0.03] and GC as well as negative association of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) intake [OR = 0.83, 95% CI: (0.76-0.92), p < 0.001]. Further evaluations of the odds of GC across the quartiles of dietary MUFAs showed that the top quartile of total MUFA intake was associated with a lower likelihood of GC in three different models [model1: OR = 0.03, 95% CI: (0.00-0.25), p < 0.01; model2: OR = 0.04, 95% CI: (0.00-0.38), p = 0.01; model3: OR = 0.04, 95% CI: (0.00-0.40), p = 0.01]. For the MR analyses, genetic instruments were selected from the IEU Open GWAS project; IVW analysis showed that GC risk was not associated with MUFAs [OR = 0.82, 95% CI: (0.59-1.14), p = 0.23] or the ratio of MUFAs to total fatty acids [OR = 1.00, 95% CI: (0.75-1.35), p = 0.98]. Similar results were observed when using the other MR methods. Conclusion: The NHANES study revealed that consuming MUFAs was linked to a lower risk of GC, although the results of MR analyses do not provide evidence of a causal relationship. Additional research is therefore necessary to clarify these findings.

The relationship between different fatty acids intake and the depressive symptoms: A population-based study

BackgroundDepression is a common psychological disorder worldwide, affecting mental and physical health. Previous studies have explored the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake in depressive symptoms; however, few studies have focused on the association between all types of fatty acids intake and depressive symptoms. Therefore, we explored the relationship between the intake of different fatty acids intake and the risk of depressive symptoms. MethodsThe study was based on the data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a large US-based database. We used a nutrient residual model and multi-nutrient density model for the analysis. We calculated the nutrient density and residual in men and women separately, and the fatty acids intake was divided into quartiles based on the sex distribution. The relationship between the depressive symptoms and the intake of different fatty acids was examined using logistic regression; furthermore, we explored the relationships separately in men and women. ResultsThe intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs, particularly n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, were associated with reduced odds ratios for depressive symptoms. The inverse relationship between the intake of MUFAs, PUFAs, n-3, and n-6 PUFAs and depressive symptoms was stronger in women. The inverse relationship between total fatty acid (TFAs) intake and depressive symptoms existed only in a single model. In contrast, saturated fatty acid (SFAs) intake was not related to depressive symptoms. ConclusionConsuming MUFAs and PUFAs can counteract the depressive symptoms, especially in women.

Nutritional status and dietary fatty acid intake among children from low-income households in Sabah: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the nutritional status and dietary fatty acid intake among children from low-income households in Sabah, Malaysia. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 in Kota Kinabalu and Tawau. A total of 182 children aged 5–12 years from low-income households (less than RM 4850 per month) were recruited. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, and body mass index. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 24-h diet recall and the fatty acid (FA) intakes were analyzed using a database with FA content for local foods. ResultsThe mean age of children was 8.8 ± 1.8 years, with a majority being girls (53.8%) and of Bajau ethnicity (53.3%). Based on the anthropometric measurements, 16.5% of children were stunted, 7.1% were thin, and 21.4% were overweight or obese. Intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and trans fatty acids as a percentage of total energy were 29.3%, 12.3%, 12.6%, 4.0%, and 0.05%, respectively. 77.5% of children exceeded the recommendation for SFA and 63.2% of children did not meet the recommendation for n-3 PUFA. All children did not meet the recommendation for ⍺-linolenic. Children from Tawau had greater consumption of n-3 PUFA (p < 0.001) while children from Kota Kinabalu had greater intakes of total fat (p = 0.020), MUFA (p = 0.005), n-6 PUFA (p = 0.015), and trans fatty acid (p = 0.001). None of the dietary fatty acids was associated with anthropometric indices. ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of stunting and overweight or obesity among children from low-income households in Sabah. Most of the children failed to meet the recommendations for SFA and n-3 PUFAs. These findings indicate a compelling need for the implementation of nutritional strategies to enhance adherence to dietary recommendations for fatty acids.

Olive Oil and Vegetable Extract in Modified Hospital Enteral Formula Improves Glycemic Variability in Critically-Ill Diabetic Ketoacidosis Obese Patient: A Case Report

Background: Severe hyperglycemia in diabetic ketoacidosis may elevate pro inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and metabolic disruptions, impacting the nutritional status of critically ill patients. Diabetes-specific formula (DSF) administration is linked to favorable glycemic control, but research on the role of modified hospital enteral formulas in diabetic critical illness is lacking.&#x0D; Case Description: An obese 29-year-old male at risk of malnutrition, presented to the emergency room with decreased level of consciousness due to metabolic encephalopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis due to suspected type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and acute kidney injury. Medical nutritional therapy was provided via enteral route according to recent ESPEN, ASPEN and ADA recommendation. The administered enteral formula was a modified hospital-based enteral formula, consisting of a special kidney hospital-based enteral formula mixed with olive oil as source of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and vegetables as source of fibers. During the first week of hospitalization, the patient’s coefficient of variation (%CoV) of glycemic variability ranged between 17–61%, in addition, at the beginning of the second week of treatment there was also an increase in glycemic variability to 53%. This could be influenced by several factors. However, improvement in glycemic variability was observed in the following days. This improvement was in line with the gradual increase in MUFA and fiber intake, which reached its highest intake during the second week of hospitalization.&#x0D; Conclusion: Hospital-based enteral formula modified with olive oil and vegetable extract can be made to resemble the nutrients composition of diabetes specific formula and has a favorable effect on glycemic variability.&#x0D;

Longitudinal Relationship between the Percentage of Energy Intake from Macronutrients and Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018.

To investigate the prospective relationship between macronutrient intake and overweight/obesity, data were collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2018. Adults who participated in at least two waves of the survey and were not obese at baseline were selected as the study subjects. A total of 14,531 subjects were finally included with complete data. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m2. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the relationship between the percentage of energy intake from macronutrients and BMI and overweight/obesity. The percentages of energy intake from protein and fat showed an increasing trend (p < 0.01), and the percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate showed a decreasing trend (p < 0.01) among Chinese adults between 1991 and 2018. Adjusting for covariates, the energy intake from fat was positively correlated with BMI, while the energy intake from carbohydrates was negatively correlated with BMI. The percentage of energy intake from non-high-quality protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were positively correlated with overweight/obesity. In contrast, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and high-quality carbohydrates were negatively correlated with overweight/obesity. In short, fat, non-high-quality protein, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and PUFA were positively correlated with the risk of obesity, whereas higher carbohydrate, MUFA, and high-quality carbohydrate intake were associated with a lower risk of obesity. Obesity can be effectively prevented by appropriately adjusting the proportion of intake from the three major macronutrients.

A prospective cohort study on the association between dietary fatty acids intake and risk of hypertension incident

There are inconclusive results available on the association between dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of hypertension (HTN) incident. In this study, we investigate the relationship between baseline dietary fatty acids intake including polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and saturated fatty acid (SFA), and the risk of first incidence hypertension. The current prospective cohort study was carried out from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 118 items was used for the assessment of dietary data. Cox proportional hazards analyses were done to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the highest versus lowest quartile intake of SFA, PUFA, MUFA, and SFA and risk of HTN. Out of 7359 eligible participants, 597 new cases of HTN were identified over an average of 6.4 ± 1.33 years of follow-up. No significant relationship was observed between the fourth compared to the first categories of dietary SFA (HR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.55, 1.21; P trend: 0.476), MUFA (HR: 0.71, 95% CI 0.48, 1.06; P trend: 0.252), PUFA (HR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.62, 1.19; P trend: 0.315) and TFA (HR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.76, 1.27; P trend: 0.675), and risk of HTN. However, a significant inverse association between each 1 g per day increase in dietary MUFA intake during 6.4 years of follow up and HTN incident (HR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.94, 0.99; P 0.044) was observed. In brief, our study revealed that higher dietary MUFA intake was protectively associated with HTN incident. Dietary MUFA-rich foods should be encouraged to improve blood pressure.

The Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition in Deep-Fried Dough Sticks across Five Cities in China in 2020

Objective: To analyze and compare the concentrations and dietary intake of different fatty acids (FAs) in deep-fried dough sticks (Chinese fried bread) across various cities in China. Method: Sixty-one deep-fried dough stick samples were collected from five cities (Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Hangzhou), and the contents of FA monomers were determined using gas chromatography. Moreover, the dietary FA intake was estimated. Results: The mean FA concentration was 18.83 g/100 g (maximum, 41.59 g/100 g; minimum, 4.88 g/100 g). Polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) accounted for the highest proportion of the total FAs at 41.7% (7.86 g/100 g), followed by monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) at 30.77% (5.79 g/100 g), saturated FAs (SFAs) at 26.27% (4.95 g/100 g), and trans-FAs (TFAs) at 1.18% (0.22 g/100 g). The Guangzhou deep-fried dough stick samples had a significantly different FA composition than those from the other cities, presenting with the highest concentration of SFAs (8.64 ± 4.74 g/100 g) and lowest concentration of PUFAs (5.01 ± 3.41 g/100 g). Beijing had the highest intake of PUFAs and MUFAs, whereas Guangzhou had the highest intake of SFAs. Conclusion: The contents and intake of saturated and unsaturated FAs in deep-fried dough sticks varied across the five cities in China. These results are useful for comparing the nutritional characteristics of deep-fried dough sticks in the different cities of China, thereby promoting further research on the relationship between deep-fried dough stick consumption and human health.

Inflammatory and intestinal permeability biomarkers in healthy participants on long term vegan, vegetarian, omnivore and low-carbohydrate high-fat diet

Vegan, vegetarian and low-carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can all offer several health benefits, if food choices are appropriate. In most studies examining their effects on systemic inflammation, participants were either overweight, on a weight loss programme or not matched for BMI, or had a pre-existing condition such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Little is known about the effects of dietary patterns on healthy and normal weight individuals. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess and directly compare inflammatory and intestinal permeability status in healthy participants following aforementioned or omnivore diet for at least 6 months. In this cross-sectional study, we measured the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, TNF-α and CRP, and the markers of intestinal permeability LBP and zonulin, along with the analysis of lifestyle aspects, dietary intakes and physical activity, in 89 healthy participants. The groups were matched for sex, age and BMI. There were no differences in any of the measured parameters between the four groups and we found no strong correlations with dietary intakes. Using cluster analysis, participants were divided into eight clusters with more or less favourable inflammatory profiles; all clusters contained representatives of all patterns and all patterns were represented in each cluster. Significant differences between clusters were in the intake of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, ω-3/ω-6 ratio, phase angle and working two shifts. In healthy, normal-weight individuals, inflammatory status therefore does not depend on the dietary pattern itself, but is rather more complexly regulated and associated with dietary and non-dietary factors.

Reassessing the Effects of Dietary Fat on Cardiovascular Disease in China: A Review of the Last Three Decades.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, and is considered one of diseases with the most rapid growth rate in China. Numerous studies have indicated a closed relationship between an increased incidence of CVD and dietary factors. Dietary fat is one of the three primary nutrients of consumption; however, high fat dietary in causing CVD has been neglected in some official dietary guidelines. Our present review has analyzed the relationship between dietary fat consumption and CVD in China over the past 30 years (from 1990 to 2019). There is a significant correlation between CVD incidence and mortality for consumption of both vegetable oils and animal fats, per capita consumption, and the relative weight of dietary fat exceeding that of other food ingredients (e.g., salt, fruit, and marine food). For fatty acid species, the proportion of ω6 fatty acid consumption increased, causing a significant increase in the ratios of ω6/ω3 fatty acids, whereas the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acid consumption decreased. Such changes have been considered a characteristic of dietary fat consumption in Chinese residents over the past 30 years, and are closely related to the incidence of CVD. Therefore, we suggest that the government should spread awareness regarding the consumption of dietary fat intake to prevent CVD and related health disorders. The public should be educated to avoid high fat diet and increase the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and ω3 fatty acids.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risks Linked with Indian Dietary Fat Consumption Patterns

Background: The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in India is lower than in America and Europe at 0.61 to 1.9%. Studies have shown that dietary patterns and consumption of certain food groups can influence the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in a given population. Aim: This study's goal was to evaluate the impact of dietary fat and food consumption patterns in Indians with ARMD and compare it to age-matched healthy individuals. Methodology: 90 patients from a Mumbai ophthalmology outpatient clinic who were above 50 years were recruited to participate in the research. The participants were divided into groups of those with and without ARMD based on the fundus assessment. For each of the meals, a food frequency questionnaire was utilized to record the common foods that all of the individuals ate. They were asked to remember the foods they had just ingested. Based on consumption patterns, some were grouped as vegetarians who had only plant-based foods and others as non-vegetarians who consumed meat, fish and eggs. Using a conversion table created for Indian meals, the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids was quantified. The information was then analyzed between those with and without ARMD. Results: 45/90 people were in the control group, and among the 45 cases. The amount of MUFA consumed was 44.29+26.00 and 40.53+17.18 and PUFA consumed was 35.57+26.34 and 43.61+ 27.27 by the cases and controls discretely. With regard to dietary fats, there was no statistically significant difference between them p=0.05. Further, the food types consumption was analysed and it showed that 13% of the cases were vegetarians whereas 47% of the controls were vegetarians. 12% of the servings consumed in the cases had meat whereas only 3% of the servings contained meat among the controls. The control group consumed 1.7% servings of fish whereas the cases consumed 0.59%. Conclusion: The present study results show that Indians consume foods rich in PUFA which could lower the risk of ARMD. The results further indicate that subjects who consumed more vegetarian foods and were lower on meat were at a reduced risk to develop ARMD.

Association between nineteen dietary fatty acids and hearing thresholds: findings from a nationwide survey

IntroductionHearing loss is a prevalent health concern, and dietary factors, such as fatty acid intake, may play a role in its development. The current study aimed to investigate the association between the intake of dietary fatty acids and hearing thresholds among U.S. adults.MethodsThe researchers examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 7,623 participants with available dietary fatty acid intake and audiometry data. Dietary fatty acid intake was assessed using dietary recalls, and hearing thresholds were measured using pure-tone audiometry. Multivariate linear regression models and smoothing curve fitting were utilized to explore the associations between dietary fatty acid intake and hearing thresholds, adjusting for relevant covariates.ResultsThis study reveals a direct association between both low and high frequency pure tone average (PTA) hearing thresholds and the dietary intake of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Conversely, the intake of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) demonstrates an inverted U-shaped correlation with low-frequency and high-frequency PTA hearing thresholds, having inflection points at 11.91 (energy (%)) and 10.88 (energy (%)), respectively.ConclusionDietary intake of certain fatty acids may influence hearing thresholds in adults.

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, Oxidative and Inflammatory Status, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex and increasingly prevalent cardiometabolic disorder worldwide. As of today, NAFLD is a pathology without specific pharmacological treatment, with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) being the most widely used approach for its management. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on fatty acid plasma levels, as well as on the oxidative and inflammatory status of NAFLD patients. A total of 100 adult patients (40-60 years old) diagnosed with NAFLD and from the Balearic Islands, Spain, were classified into three groups according to their adherence to the MedDiet. Consumption was assessed using a validated 143-item semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Food items (g/day) were categorised according to their processing using the NOVA system. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, aminotransferases, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), inflammatory biomarkers, and fatty acid levels were measured in the plasma of NAFLD patients. High adherence to the MedDiet is associated to a highly plant-based diet, low ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, low intake of dietary lipids, low intake of animal fats, high intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; mainly palmitoleic acid), low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs; practically all dietary SFAs), low intake of trans-fatty acids, high intake of omega-3 fatty acids (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid), a higher n-6:n-3 in ratio, low intake of omega-6 fatty acids, and a low level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). High adherence to the MedDiet is related to a better fatty acid profile in the plasma, fewer SFAs and more MUFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a plasma biochemical profile, better proinflammatory status, and decreased ultra-processed food consumption of NAFLD patients.

Associations of Macronutrients Intake With MRI-determined Hepatic Fat Content, Hepatic Fibroinflammation, and NAFLD.

A healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone of management in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the associations between dietary macronutrient composition and different aspects of NAFLD pathology are unclear and dietary recommendations for NAFLD are lacking. This work aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary macronutrient composition with hepatic steatosis, hepatic fibroinflammation, and NAFLD. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 12 620 UK Biobank participants who completed both the dietary questionnaire and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were included in this study. Dietary consumption of macronutrient was self-reported and calculated. MRI-determined hepatic fat content, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD were estimated. First, we found that saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was associated with higher hepatic steatosis, fibroinflammation, and NAFLD prevalence. In contrast, higher fiber or protein intake was reversely correlated with hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation. Interestingly, starch or sugar intake was significantly associated with hepatic fibroinflammation, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake was negatively correlated with hepatic fibroinflammation. Isocaloric analysis revealed that replacing SFA with sugar, fiber, or protein was significantly associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis, while replacing starch, sugar, or SFA with protein or MUFA was significantly correlated with a decrease in hepatic fibroinflammation. Overall, our results demonstrate that specific macronutrients are associated with different aspects of NAFLD, and specific dietary compositions should be recommended for distinct NAFLD-risk populations.

Dietary fat and fatty acid consumptions and the odds of asthenozoospermia: a case-control study in China.

Are dietary fat and fatty acid (FA) intakes related to the odds of asthenozoospermia? Plant-based fat consumption was associated with decreased asthenozoospermia odds, while the consumption of animal-based monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was positively related to asthenozoospermia odds. Dietary fat and FA are significant ingredients of a daily diet, which have been demonstrated to be correlated to the reproductive health of men. However, to date, evidence on fat and FA associations with the odds of asthenozoospermia is unclear. The hospital-based case-control study was performed in an infertility clinic from June 2020 to December 2020. Briefly, 549 asthenozoospermia cases and 581 controls with normozoospermia were available for final analyses. We collected dietary data through a verified food frequency questionnaire of 110 food items. Asthenozoospermia cases were ascertained according to the World Health Organization guidelines. To investigate the correlations of dietary fat and FA consumptions with the odds of asthenozoospermia, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% CIs through unconditional logistic regression models. Relative to the lowest tertile of consumption, the highest tertile of plant-based fat intake was inversely correlated to the odds of asthenozoospermia (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.91), with a significant dose-response relation (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.97, per standard deviation increment). Inversely, animal-based MUFA intake (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04-2.14) was significantly correlated to increased odds of asthenozoospermia, and an evident dose-response relation was also detected (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.05-1.45, per standard deviation increment). Subgroup analyses showed similar patterns of associations to those of the primary results. Moreover, we observed significant interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales between animal-based MUFA and cigarette smoking. Selection bias and recall bias were unavoidable in any of the observational studies. As we failed to obtain the information of trans-fatty acid (TFA) consumption, the relation of TFA intake and asthenozoospermia odds was unclear. This study indicated that different sources of fat and FAs might exert different effects on the etiology of asthenozoospermia, and cigarette smoking could exacerbate the adverse effect of high animal-based MUFA intake on asthenozoospermia. Our findings provide novel evidence pertaining to the fields of prevention of asthenozoospermia through decreasing animal-derived fat and FA consumptions and smoking cessation. This work was supported by the JieBangGuaShuai Project of Liaoning Province, Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, Clinical Research Cultivation Project of Shengjing Hospital, and Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital. All authors have no conflict of interest to declare. N/A.

Identification of food and nutrient components as predictors of Lactobacillus colonization.

A previous double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 42 healthy individuals conducted with Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 found that the probiotic's mechanistic tryptophan pathway was significantly modified when the data was stratified based on the individuals' lactic acid bacteria (LAB) stool content. These results suggest that confounding factors such as dietary intake which impact stool LAB content may affect the response to the probiotic treatment. Using dietary intake, serum metabolite, and stool LAB colony forming unit (CFU) data from a previous clinical trial, the relationships between diet, metabolic response, and fecal LAB were assessed. The diets of subject groups with high vs. low CFUs of LAB/g of wet stool differed in their intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids, vegetables, proteins, and dairy. Individuals with high LAB consumed greater amounts of cheese, fermented meats, soy, nuts and seeds, alcoholic beverages, and oils whereas individuals with low LAB consumed higher amounts of tomatoes, starchy vegetables, and poultry. Several dietary variables correlated with LAB counts; positive correlations were determined for nuts and seeds, fish high in N-3 fatty acids, soy, and processed meats, and negative correlations to consumption of vegetables including tomatoes. Using machine learning, predictors of LAB count included cheese, nuts and seeds, fish high in N-3 fatty acids, and erucic acid. Erucic acid alone accurately predicted LAB categorization, and was shown to be utilized as a sole fatty acid source by several Lactobacillus species regardless of their mode of fermentation. Several metabolites were significantly upregulated in each group based on LAB titers, notably polypropylene glycol, caproic acid, pyrazine, and chondroitin sulfate; however, none were correlated with the dietary intake variables. These findings suggest that dietary variables may drive the presence of LAB in the human gastrointestinal tract and potentially impact response to probiotic interventions.

Dietary Saturated, Monounsaturated, or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Estimated 10-Year Risk of a First Hard Cardiovascular Event

BackgroundThe effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids on the risk of cardiovascular events remain controversial. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed in 4211 patients, aged 40 to 79 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2018. The independent variables were saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The dependent variable was the 10-year risk of a first hard atherosclerotic cardiovascular event. The other variables were considered as the potential confounding factors. Multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings were used to evaluate the association between saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or monounsaturated fatty acids and the 10-year risk. ResultsThere was no association between dietary saturated fatty acids and 10-year risk after adjusting for all the potential confounding factors; 10-year risk decreased by 0.022% each 1-g increase in monounsaturated fatty acids intake from 0 to 153.772 g, and 0.025% each 1-g increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids intake from 0 to 98.323 g, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were both negatively correlated to 10-year risk in nondiabetes and non-high–low-density lipoprotein patients; monounsaturated fatty acids were also negatively associated with 10-year risk in hypertensive patients. ConclusionsThere was no association between dietary saturated fatty acids and 10-year risk. Increased dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased 10-year risk, particularly in nondiabetes, non-high-low density lipoprotein patients.

Higher Intakes of Nutrients are Associated with Improved Health-Related Quality of Life among Individuals with Comorbidities

There is a dearth of evidence on the association between nutrient intakes and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among populations with comorbidities. Thus, this study aimed to identify the relationships between nutrient intake and HRQOL in a Korean population with comorbidities (4,136 adults aged ≥18 years). The EuroHRQOL five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and 24-hour recall methods were used to measure HRQOL and nutrient intake, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic and linear regression models, marginal effects, and cutoff levels were applied to assess associations between nutrient intake and each dimension and the EQ-5D-3L index, as well as interactions of nutrient intake with comorbidities and sex for HRQOL. Interactions were identified between vitamin C, total vitamin A, potassium consumption, and sex for problems with depression and anxiety, problems with pain and discomfort, and any problem. Interactions were observed between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and sodium intake and comorbidities for problems with mobility and self-care problems among participants with comorbidities, respectively; between vitamin B1, vitamin B3, potassium, saturated fatty acids (SFA), fat, and cholesterol intake and comorbidities for problems with pain and discomfort; and between vitamin B1, MUFA, potassium, fiber, SFA, fat, and carbohydrate intake and comorbidities for any problems. Our findings found higher nutrient intake is associated with enhanced HRQOL in the Korean adult population. More work is needed to improve QOL by quitting smoking, eating more nutritional meals, and exercising regularly.

Association between fatty acids intake and bone mineral density in adults aged 20-59: NHANES 2011-2018.

Previous studies have investigated the link between fatty acid intake and bone mineral density (BMD), but the results are controversial. This study aims to examine the relationship between fatty acid intake and BMD in adults aged 20-59. The association between fatty acid consumption and BMD was analyzed using a weighted multiple linear regression model with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011 to 2018. The linearity relationship and saturation value of the connection between fatty acid consumption and BMD were assessed by fitting a smooth curve and a saturation effect analysis model. The study included 8,942 subjects. We found a significant positive correlation between the consumption of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids and BMD. In subgroup analyses that were stratified by gender and race, this association was still shown to be significant. Based on the smooth curve and saturation effect analysis, we found no saturation effect for the three fatty acids and total BMD. However, there was a turning point (20.52 g/d) between MUFAs intake and BMD, and only MUFAs intake >20.52 g/d showed a positive correlation between MUFAs and BMD. We found that fatty acid intake is beneficial for bone density in adults. Therefore, according to our findings, it is recommended that adults consume moderate amounts of fatty acids to ensure adequate bone mass but not metabolic diseases.

Factors associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms in women with central obesity: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition that affects social and psychological well-being of women. The risk of PMS is higher among obese women. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that influence the severity of PMS in women with central obesity.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 30–50 year-old women with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 80 cm). The following data were collected: demographic data, anthropometric measurements, premenstrual symptoms screening tools, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, 42-item depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (DASS-42), as well as serum vitamin D, and renal function tests.ResultsA total of 139 women (mean age of 41.40 ± 7.39 years old) participated in the study. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe premenstrual symptoms was 38.7% (55/142), 31.7% (45/142) and 27.5% (39/142), respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of anthropometric measurements and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between moderate PMS and energy-adjusted saturated fatty acid (SFA) (p = .018, OR = .010 and 95% CI for OR: < .001 and .452), and energy-adjusted riboflavin (p = .042, OR = .005, 95% CI for OR: < .001 and .821), and between severe PMS and age (p = .034, OR = .906, 95% CI for OR: .826 and .993), and energy-adjusted monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake (p = .041, OR = 23.789, 95% CI for OR: 1.138 and 497.294).ConclusionHigh intakes of MUFA and younger age were associated with a greater severity of PMS, while riboflavin intake was associated with reduced PMS severity.

Effect of almond consumption on insulin sensitivity and serum lipids among Asian Indian adults with overweight and obesity- A randomized controlled trial.

Asian Indians have an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. Nuts, like almonds, are rich in unsaturated fat and micronutrients with known health benefits. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of almonds for reduction of insulin resistance and improving lipid profile in overweight Asian Indian adults. This parallel-arm, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Chennai, India on 400 participants aged 25-65 years with a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2. The intervention group received 43 g of almonds/day for 12 weeks, while the control group was advised to consume a customary diet but to avoid nuts. Anthropometric, clinical, and dietary data were assessed at periodic intervals. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and end of the study. Insulin resistance (homeostasis assessment model-HOMA IR) and oral insulin disposition index (DIo) were calculated. A total of 352 participants completed the study. Significant improvement was seen in DIo [mean (95% CI) = + 0.7 mmol/L (0.1, 1.3); p = 0.03], HOMA IR (-0.4 (-0.7, -0.04; p = 0.03) and total cholesterol (-5.4 mg/dl (-10.2, -0.6); p = 0.03) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) assessed using continuous glucose monitoring systems were also significantly lower in the intervention group. Dietary 24-h recalls showed a higher significant reduction in carbohydrate and increase in mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake in the intervention group compared to the control group. Daily consumption of almonds increased the intake of MUFA with decrease in carbohydrate calories and decreases insulin resistance, improves insulin sensitivity and lowers serum cholesterol in Asian Indians with overweight/obesity. These effects in the long run could aid in reducing the risk of diabetes and other cardiometabolic disease.