Intake Of Legumes Research Articles

Deficit of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Acne Patients-A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in a German Cohort.

Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects, including the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Therefore, they may improve acne severity as an adjunct treatment. However, there is a paucity of data regarding patients' existing deficits. The aim of this study was to determine ω-3 FA levels in acne patients in correlation with self-reported dietary preferences and clinical severity. A single-center, cross-sectional study of 100 acne patients was conducted. Patients' blood parameters, including ω-3 FAs levels, were assessed using the HS-omega-3 Index® in erythrocytes (Omegametrix® GmbH, Martinsried, Germany). Dietary preferences were assessed using a standardized food frequency questionnaire. Clinical dermatologic evaluation was performed using the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of acne. The values of the HS-omega-3 Index® were outside the recommended range of 8-11% in 96 patients (mean 5.15%), independent of the clinical severity or affected anatomic sites. A severe deficit (HS-omega-3 Index® < 4%) was seen more commonly in men than in women (p = 0.021). The regular consumption of legumes was significantly associated with higher ω-3 FA levels (p = 0.003), as was oral ω-3 FA supplementation (p = 0.006) and the lack of sunflower oil intake (p = 0.008). This pilot study demonstrated a deficit of ω-3 FAs in a German acne cohort. Higher ω-3 FAs levels were observed in patients with regular legume intake and oral ω-3 FAs supplementation. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate whether the clinical severity of acne improves in patients with normal HS-omega-3 Index®.

Contamination of Heavy Metal(Loid)S in Cereals, Vegetables, and Legumes Purchased from Local Markets of Jiaozuo, China and The Associated Health Risk Assessment

The health implications associated with the consumption of food contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids, specifically arsenic (As), remain a global concern. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of HMs and As in various food categories, including cereals (rice, wheat, and corn), vegetables (leafy greens, edible mushrooms, kale, solanaceous fruits, and tubers), and legumes (peanuts, soybeans, and mung beans), commercially available in Jiaozuo city. Additionally, we sought to assess the potential health risks posed to human consumers by the ingestion of these three food categories. To evaluate the extent of contamination, both single-factor analysis and Nemerow's synthetical pollution index were employed. The assessment of health risks was conducted using the health risk model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Specifically, cereals exhibited exceedance rates of 2.60% for Cr, 44.16% for Hg, 3.90% for Ni and 3.90% for Pb. Notably, vegetable samples exhibited exceedance rates of 0.90% for Hg and 17.12% for Zn. Among legume samples, exceedance rates were 16.98% for Cr, 75.47% for Ni and 13.21% for Pb, while other HMs and As remained within standard limits. The cumulative contamination level of HMs in each diet category ranked in the order of legumes &gt; cereals &gt; vegetables. Based on the daily intake of cereals, legumes and vegetables, the Total Target Hazard Quotient for HMs in both children and adults exceeded a value of 1, indicating the potential noncarcinogenic risks (non-CRs) associated with consumption of these three dietary categories. Conversely, the CR induced by HMs through the consumption of these foods remained within acceptable levels for both children (8.92×10-6) and adults (2.65×10-6). It is noteworthy that the health risk posed by HMs through food consumption was more pronounced in children than in adults.

Factors related to breastfeeding length among Filipino migrant women in South Korea

Breastfeeding is vital to infants’ health and development during their first year. The quality and quantity of breastmilk are closely linked to the mother’s nutrition [1]. However, for migrant women who become new mothers, various social, economic, and family factors can pose challenges that negatively affect their dietary and breastfeeding practices. Due to the limited research evidence, this study aimed to investigate the factors associated with breastfeeding duration in migrant women. The study sample was drawn from the Filipino Women’s Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). These women migrated to South Korea through marriage. At baseline (2014-2016), 504 women provided survey data, including demographic characteristics such as age, marital status, education, employment, income, and language proficiency. Anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors were also recorded. Dietary intake of each food group was assessed using 24-hour recalls. We derived the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) from the ten food groups [2]. Breastfeeding (any) duration was defined as the average length in months per child. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between participants’ characteristics and breastfeeding duration, with a cut-off of 12 months (&lt;12 months; &gt; = 12 months). Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between each of these factors and breastfeeding duration in months. Out of the initial 504 women, 271 met the eligibility criteria, with the median age of 35 [interquartile range (IQR): 30,40] years, median breastfeeding duration of 4 [IQR: 1, 10] months, mean BMI of 23.8kg/m2, median (IQR) o fruits, vegetables, and legumes of 162.2 [76.9, 265.9] grams/day, and median of MDD-W score of 5 [IQR:4, 6]. Over 50% of the sample held a university degree or higher, but only 47.8% were employed. Most women were married (90%) and earned less than 20 million won (~AU$23,114.58) per year (65%). Over half had a good understanding of the Korean language. The cross-sectional regression analysis found no associations for breastfeeding length, except for the total fruit, vegetable, and legume intake. Women in the highest tertile of this consumption had a two-fold likelihood of breastfeeding for 12 months or longer [adj.OR (95% CI): 2.15 (0.99-4.68)]. While the MDD-W score had a positive association with breastfeeding for at least 12 months, it did not reach statistical significance [adj.OR: 1.11 (0.92-1.34)]. In the linear regression analysis, only vegetable consumption (per gram increase) was positively related to the length of breastfeeding (beta-coefficient: 0.016; SE: 0.006; p = 0.01). This study among Filipino migrant women in Korea suggests that higher consumption of fruit, vegetables, and legumes positively linked to breastfeeding for at least 12 months. Given the study’s small sample size, interpreting these results should be cautious and warrants further validation in other studies.

Human Health Impact Based on Adult European Consumers’ Dietary Exposure to Chemical Contaminants and Consumption of Unprocessed Red Meat, Processed Meat, and Legumes

AbstractIn this study we assessed the human health impact based on dietary trends for adult consumers in Europe. The risk of ten illnesses was estimated based on dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic, lead, cadmium, aflatoxin B1, and pesticides and consumption of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and legumes (reference scenario (RS)) and a simulated alternative scenario of legumes consumption only (AS). Nutrient adequacy per each diet was estimated for vitamin B12, zinc, iron, and selenium. The burden of disease was quantified using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). The potential health risk and DALYs differ when comparing the burden due to exposure to chemical contaminants and the burden from the consumption of food, the former favoring the RS, while the latter favors the AS. The burden of disease due to exposure to chemical contaminants was between 672,410–1,215,875 DALYs in the RS, while in the AS it was between 964,132–1,084,229 DALYs. Consumption of processed meat added up to 1,813,338 DALYs, while legume intake averted 364,973 DALYs. However, the AS also indicated lower nutrient intakes potentially increasing the risk of nutrient inadequacy. A balanced diet made up of a variety of different foods is essential to prevent potentially higher dietary exposures to a range of chemical contaminants and assure adequate micronutrient intake. Greater importance should be given to food consumption trends and cross-referenced to existing and new natural toxin legislation and risk assessments in view of the ubiquitous and growing occurrence of heavy metals and mycotoxins in our food. The impacts of climate change, and the growing tendency toward plant-based diets are two factors which will drive further increases in human exposure to toxic contaminants. Graphical Abstract

Abstract P193: Sex Moderates Diet Quality Differences in Integrated Collaborative Care for Comorbid Obesity and Depression: Post-Hoc Analysis of the Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: High-quality diets, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), are associated with lower risk for obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. It is unclear whether diet quality improves aside from reduced calories in evidence-based behavioral weight loss interventions. Objective: Leveraging data from the Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight (RAINBOW) randomized trial, the objective of this post hoc analysis is to investigate (1) whether the study intervention was associated with improved diet quality in adults with comorbid obesity and depression, compared to usual care; and (2) whether the associations were modified by sex. Methods: Participants completed 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Dietary outcomes included the DASH score as the composite measure of diet quality and its components. Between-group differences in dietary outcomes were examined among 409 participants and by sex, using repeated-measures mixed-effects linear models. Results: Changes in DASH scores did not differ between the intervention and usual care control groups through 24 months in both women and men. Compared with controls, men in the intervention group had significantly decreased nut, seed, and legume intake at 6 (mean difference, -1.1; 95% CI, -1.9, -0.3 servings/day; P=0.01) and 12 months (-1.0; -2.0, -0.0 servings/day; P=0.048). Compared with controls, women in the intervention group had significantly decreased fruit and vegetable intake at 18 (-1.8; -2.9, -0.6 servings/day; P=0.002) and 24 months (-1.1; -2.2, -0.1 servings/day; P=0.03), and whole grain intake at 24 months (-0.5; -0.9, -0.1 servings/day; P=0.03), but increased percent calories from fat at 24 months (3.6; 0.6, 6.5; P=0.02). Conclusions: Diet quality not only did not improve in an effective behavioral weight loss intervention but deteriorated in women, in particular. These post-hoc findings warrant confirmation and may suggest that behavior change techniques targeting diet quality that are tailored to women and men need to be an explicit focus of behavioral weight loss interventions aside from caloric reductions.

Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Risk in Long-Term "Plant-Based Eaters": A Secondary Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Study.

A plant-based diet rich in whole foods and fiber is beneficial for cardiovascular (CV) health. This impact is often linked to specific food groups and their preparation methods, reflecting the overall dietary pattern. However, research on the long-term effects of a carefully designed plant-based diet on adults transitioning from a typical Western lifestyle is limited. Notably, studies on people managing CV risk factors effectively are scarce. As part of a cross-sectional study, we examined 151 individuals committed to a long-term, well-designed plant-based diet and active lifestyle. We investigated how specific food groups and macronutrient intake are related to various CV health markers. In this secondary analysis, our comprehensive approach encompassed several methods: 3-day weighted dietary records, fasting blood lipid and blood pressure measurements, body composition assessments, and evaluations of lifestyle status. We adjusted our analysis for multiple variables, such as age, sex, current body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, and time (years) following the plant-based diet. Our findings revealed several associations between macronutrient intake (per 50 g) and CV risk markers, although these associations were generally weak. Individuals who consumed more whole grains and fruits had lower levels of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol. We also found associations between the intake of legumes and nuts/seeds and reduced HDL-C levels. These findings suggested that these food groups might influence the lipid profile, contributing to CV health in a plant-based diet. A greater intake of spices/herbs was associated with lower uric acid levels, while diets rich in plant-based fast food and pasta (made from white flour) were associated with higher uric acid levels. A greater intake of various macronutrients, such as fiber, carbohydrates (from whole-food sources), proteins, and different types of fats (saturated fatty acids [SFAs], monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAs], and polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs]), was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C (only for carbohydrates), and HDL-C. We found a unique negative correlation between PUFA intake and LDL-C, suggesting that PUFAs might significantly affect LDL-C levels. In contrast, increased fiber, protein and SFA consumption were associated with increased uric acid levels. These findings support the impact of dietary patterns on CV risk factors, highlighting that even small amounts of unhealthy food groups can significantly influence specific CV risk markers, regardless of the overall diet.

Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns of Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Women.

Depressive symptoms are a common menopausal feature in middle-aged women and are associated with dietary factors. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in 2190 Korean women aged 45-69 years. Depressive symptoms were screened using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and food intake was examined using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from principal components analysis and identified two dietary patterns: a "healthy" dietary pattern (high intake of whole-grain rice, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and fish) and an "unhealthy" dietary pattern (high intake of noodles, dumplings, sweets, red meat, soda, and coffee). After adjusting for all confounding factors, those with the highest healthy dietary pattern scores had a 0.56-fold lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with the lowest score (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.84, p for trend = 0.006). Conversely, those with the highest unhealthy pattern scores had a 1.85-fold higher risk of depressive symptoms than that of those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30-2.63, p for trend = 0.002). In middle-aged women, a dietary pattern of high intake of fiber-rich whole-grain rice, fruits, vegetables, and legumes may help prevent and manage depressive symptoms.

Dietary Factors and the Risk of Depression among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

This study aimed to assess the association between dietary factors and depression in a group of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women and to evaluate potential interactions and the mediating role of BMI in this relationship. One hundred and sixteen women with PCOS were asked to complete the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire and the manual for developing of nutritional data (KomPAN questionnaire) and the Beck Depression Inventory. The population was divided into two groups: (1) not at risk of depression (ND), n = 61, and (2) at risk of depression (RD), n = 55. Significantly higher BMI values were observed in the RD group than in the ND group. In the RD group, the intake of vegetables and legumes was lower than in the LD group, but the consumption of sweet beverages and energy drinks was higher. Consumption of vegetables and legumes at least twice per day is known to be associated with a 62% lower probability of the risk of depression in PCOS women. Furthermore, women with overweight and obesity have a 5.82 times greater chance of depression than women with normal body weight. Our findings show that there is a significant association between certain dietary factors, BMI, and symptoms of depression in PCOS women.

Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life during Pregnancy: Is the Mediterranean Diet Beneficial in Non-Mediterranean Countries?

This study aimed to examine the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and MD components with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pregnant women from Spain and Sweden. A total of 138 pregnant women from Spain (age: 32.9 ± 4.6 years old) and 302 pregnant women from Sweden (age: 31.3 ± 4.1 years old) were included. MD adherence was assessed with the Mediterranean food pattern (i.e., a MD index) at the 14-16th gestational weeks. HRQoL was assessed with the Spanish and Swedish versions of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 and RAND-36, respectively) at the 14-16th and 34-37th gestational weeks. A greater MD adherence was associated with better physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, emotional role, and mental health in cross-sectional associations (2nd trimester) in the Spanish sample (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, a greater MD adherence was associated with lower bodily pain in both Spanish and Swedish samples (both p < 0.05) in the 3rd trimester. The associations of MD adherence with pain seem to be explained by a greater intake of fiber, fish, fruits, nuts, and legumes (all p < 0.05). A greater MD adherence, driven by a higher intake of fiber, fish, fruits, nuts, and legumes, was associated with lower pain throughout pregnancy in both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean populations.

Influence of Maternal Dietary Pattern on the Pro-Oxidant and Antioxidant Status of Mother's Own Milk.

Human milk is essential for a child's best development. However, what a mother eats while breastfeeding can directly influence the composition of mother's milk. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant-oxidant profile of human milk and establish a connection between this profile and the dietary habits of the mothers. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA), located in the municipality of Vila Velha-ES, Brazil. The sample included 98 participants. All volunteers completed a structured interview and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Approximately 5-10 ml of colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk were manually collected. The antioxidant activity of human milk was assessed using the colorimetric method for free radical scavenging with 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde concentration, evaluating advanced oxidation protein products, and assessing total protein content using the Bradford method. The antioxidant profile of colostrum was higher than that observed in later phases of milk, whereas pro-oxidants increased in later phases. Maternal dietary patterns influenced the pro-oxidant status of human milk. Participants with a higher daily intake of milk, dairy products, vegetable oils, olive oils, and legumes exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk, respectively. Our study highlights the vital role of a balanced maternal diet in shaping the pro-oxidant status of human milk, with implications for infant health.

Direct evidence of plant consumption in Neolithic Eastern Sudan from dental calculus analysis.

The Neolithic communities of Eastern Sudan combined intensive pastoralism with plant exploitation as their main subsistence strategies. However, to date, it remains unclear which plant species were part of the human diet during the Neolithic. This contribution presents direct data on plant consumption in Eastern Sudan from the Early to Late Neolithic, obtained through the analysis of microdebris inclusions in the dental calculus of 37 individuals, integrated by dentoalveolar pathology analysis of 78 individuals, from the sites UA53 (4th millennium BCE) and Mahal Teglinos (3rd-2nd millennium BCE), located in the Gash Delta/Kassala region. Dental calculus inclusions indicate a diverse intake of cereals, legumes, and tubers during the Middle Neolithic, thus supporting the hypothesis of high reliance on plant resources. Dentoalveolar pathologies, possibly related to the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods, have also been recorded. For the Late Neolithic, consistent with the shift towards aridity that occurred in the Middle/Late Holocene, dental calculus exclusively indicates the exploitation of sorghum and tubers-species well adapted to arid conditions-showing how the Neolithic communities modified their subsistence in response to environmental changes. Evidence of plant processing techniques, such as cooking/heating, was also revealed from the dental calculus analysis.

Association of plant-based dietary patterns with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using cross-sectional results from RaNCD cohort

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in middle- and low-income countries, and this disease is a burden on public health systems. Notably, dietary components are crucial regulatory factors in T2DM. Plant-based dietary patterns and certain food groups, such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, vegetables, and fruits, are inversely correlated with diabetes incidence. We conducted the present study to determine the association between adherence to a plant-based diet and the risk of diabetes among adults. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based RaNCD cohort study involving 3401 men and 3699 women. The plant-based diet index (PDI) was developed using a 118-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the PDI score and the risk of T2DM. A total of 7100 participants with a mean age of 45.96 ± 7.78 years were analysed. The mean PDI scores in the first, second, and third tertiles (T) were 47.13 ± 3.41, 54.44 ± 1.69, and 61.57 ± 3.24, respectively. A lower PDI was significantly correlated with a greater incidence of T2DM (T1 = 7.50%, T2 = 4.85%, T3 = 4.63%; P value < 0.001). Higher PDI scores were associated with significantly increased intakes of fibre, vegetables, fruits, olives, olive oil, legumes, soy products, tea/coffee, whole grains, nuts, vitamin E, vitamin C, and omega-6 fatty acids (P value < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds of having T2DM were significantly lower (by 30%) at T3 of the PDI than at T1 (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.96; P value < 0.001). Our data suggest that adhering to plant-based diets comprising whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, and tea/coffee can be recommended today to reduce the risk of T2DM.

Dietary acid load and cirrhosis-related mortality: a prospective cohort study

As a global health concern, cirrhosis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and cirrhosis-related mortality. Present study was conducted on 121 patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis who were followed up for 48 months. Anthropometric measures, nutritional status and dietary intakes were assessed and DAL was estimated based on potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. Crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Participants in the high PRAL and NEAP scores had significantly higher intakes of grains and lower intakes of fruits and vegetables. Also, the intake of dairy products and legumes, nuts and seeds decreased significantly with increasing NEAP score. After adjustment of all the confounders, the risk of mortality in the second and third tertiles of PRAL was 5.9 times and 10.97 higher than those in the first tertile, respectively (P trend: 0.006). Similarly, comparing the risk of mortality in the second and third tertiles with the first tertile of NEAP showed a 4.46-fold and 12.3-fold increased risk, respectively (P trend: 0.010). Our findings suggested that DAL was significantly associated with cirrhosis-related mortality and highlight the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and establish optimal DAL levels in cirrhotic patients.

Investigating Eating Habits of Children Aged between 6 Months and 3 Years in the Provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia: Is Our Kids' Diet Sustainable for Their and the Planet's Health?

A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for children's well-being and aids in preventing diet-related illnesses. Furthermore, unhealthy dietary habits indirectly impact children's health, as the food industry stands as one of the primary drivers of climate change. Evidence shows the Mediterranean diet is sustainable for both children's and the planet's health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the eating habits of children aged between 6 months and 3 years, in the province of Modena and Reggio Emilia, in Italy, along with their adherence to the guidelines for a healthy diet, and examine the role of pediatricians in promoting knowledge about nutrition and sustainability. In our sample (218 children), most children exceeded the recommended meat and cheese intake, while consuming insufficient amounts of vegetables, fruit, and legumes. Vegetable and fruit consumption declined with the increase in age category while eating sweets, soft drinks, and processed food increased. Incorporating school meals' data into this analysis, we observed a modification in dietary compliance, characterized by an increase in meat and cheese consumption, alongside improvements in the intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, eggs, and legumes. This study suggests that supporting an integrated approach that combines social and educational initiatives is crucial. Future research should prioritize fostering sustainable eating habits within communities to facilitate dietary habits' transformation and encourage healthier lifestyles.

Association between dietary pattern and frailty among people aged 50 years and over in Shanghai

Objective: To investigate dietary patterns of individuals aged ≥50 in Shanghai and analyze their association with frailty. Methods: Using data from the third wave of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai conducted between 2018 and 2019. We collected the frequency and average intake of food by the food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and a frailty index was constructed using the ratio of the cumulative total score of health deficits to 35 health-related variables considered. We used an ordinal multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the association between dietary patterns and frailty. Results: A total of 3 274 participants aged (67.9±9.2) years were included in the study, including 1 971 (60.2%) men and 1 303 (39.8%) women. We extracted four dietary patterns: high-protein-nuts pattern, potato-bean-vegetable-fruit pattern, poultry-meat pattern, and high-oil-salt pattern. After adjusting for confounding factors, the logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the high-oil-salt pattern, the high-protein-nuts pattern was negatively associated with the risk of higher frailty (OR=0.743, 95%CI: 0.580-0.951). We did not find an association between dietary patterns and frailty between the different gender groups. In the age group 50-64, the high-protein-nuts and potato-bean-vegetable-fruit patterns were negatively correlated with a higher degree of frailty than the high-oil-salt pattern. In the low-level physical activity group, the high-protein-nuts pattern was negatively correlated with a higher degree of frailty than the high-oil-salt pattern (OR=0.509, 95%CI: 0.361-0.720). However, we found no significant effect of the high-protein nuts pattern, potato-bean-vegetable-fruit pattern, and poultry-meat pattern on the risk of higher frailty compared to the high-oil-salt pattern in the moderate to high level of physical activity group. Conclusions: Compared to the high-oil-salt pattern, dietary patterns with a higher intake of high-protein nuts, potatoes, legumes, and fruits and vegetables might be associated with a lower risk of higher frailty in residents aged 50-64 years of age than with a high oil and salt pattern. At the same time, it may have a more significant protective effect in people with lower physical activity levels. It is suggested that a diet rich in high-protein foods, nuts, potatoes, beans, vegetables, and fruits may help reduce and delay the risk of frailty.

Legume intake and cancer risk in a network of case-control studies.

Evidence on the relationship between legume consumption and risk of specific cancer sites is inconclusive. We used data from a series of case-controls studies, conducted in Italy and in the Swiss Canton of Vaud between 1991 and 2009 to quantify the association between legume consumption and several cancer sites including oral cavity, esophagus, larynx, stomach, colorectum, breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate and kidney. Multiple logistic regression models controlled for sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity, comorbidities, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, processed meat and total calorie intake were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for different cancer sites and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI). For female hormone-related cancers, the models also included adjustments for age at menarche, menopausal status and parity. Although most of the estimates were below unity, suggesting a protective effect, only colorectal cancer showed a significant association. Compared to no consumption, the OR for consuming at least one portion of legumes was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68-0.91), the OR for consuming two or more portions was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.82) and the estimate for an increment of one portion per week was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93). The inverse association between legume consumption and colorectal cancer suggests a possible role of legumes in preventing cancer risk.

Contamination levels of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in breast milk and assessment of their exposure risk to infants

The purposes of this study are to explore the contamination levels of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in breast milk and assess their exposure risk to infants. Based on data from a birth cohort study conducted in Yingcheng, Hubei Province, from 2018 to 2021, the contents of 23 types of PFASs in the breast milk of 324 pregnant women were determined using isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression was then performed to analyze the effects of various demographic characteristics and eating habits on the concentration of PFASs in breast milk. The daily PFASs intake of infants through breast milk was estimated, and the exposure risk of infants was also assessed. The results revealed that 23 types of PFASs in breast milk had good linear relationships in the range of 0.2-100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.992. The limits of detection were 5-42 pg/mL, the limits of quantification were 15-126 pg/mL, the recoveries were 65.6%-108.1%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.6%-12.8%. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), with median concentrations of 200.7, 63.5, and 25.2 pg/mL, respectively, were the main PFASs found in breast milk. The detection rates of these three contaminants were higher than 80%, whereas the detection rates of other compounds were lower than 45%. The results of multiple linear regression showed that older pregnant women and a higher frequency of pickled food intake may be related to increased PFAS levels in breast milk whereas a higher frequency of legume intake may be related to decreased PFAS levels in breast milk. The median estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS for infants were 25.1, 7.9, and 3.2 ng/(kg·d), respectively. In summary, this study found notable PFAS levels in breast milk in Yingcheng, Hubei Province. Among these PFASs, PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were the main contaminants. Maternal age as well as pickled food and legume intake may affect the PFAS level in breast milk. The health risk of PFAS intake through breast milk to some infants is worthy of attention and further study.

P1102 Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in patients with Crohn's disease in remission is associated with lower fecal calprotectin levels

Abstract Background The Mediterranean Diet (MD) was recently found to be beneficial for Crohn’s Disease CD patients in various stages of the disease. The MD emphasizes the intake of foods that are fiber-rich and high in polyphenols, along with avoidance of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and a low intake of red meat. Previous data show that these dietary patterns could promote gut health and mucosal healing. However, little is known about the overall adherence to the MD and its association with biochemical activity in CD patients in remission. Therefore, we aimed to assess overall adherence to the MD and to investigate the association between adherence to the MD and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels in patients with CD in clinical remission and fecal biochemical inactivity. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients with CD in clinical remission [Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI)&amp;lt;5] and fecal biochemical inactivity (FC &amp;lt;250µg/g). FC levels of ≤150µg/g was further categorized as significant biochemical inactivity. Patients were assessed for their medical status, clinical and biochemical disease activity, and nutritional intake by using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The Israeli Mediterranean dietary screener (I-MEDAS) was used to assess adherence to the MD. A positive score for each food component was assigned when a specific cut-off criterion was met. For overall adherence to the MD, the median score of the study sample was used as a cut-off for the classification of “adherence” or “non-adherence”. Results A total of 88 patients were included in this analysis. A high proportion of patients qualified for a positive score for low consumption of butter and margarine (96.6%), salty snacks (94.3%), and savory pastries (83.0%), while a low proportion of patients qualified for a positive score for high intake of whole grains (8.0%), fish (20.9%), fruit (9.1%), and legumes (28.4%) (Figure 1). Twenty-nine patients (32.9%) were adherent to the MD. This group of patients had higher rates of significant biochemical inactivity (i.e., FC≤150µg/g), compared to non-adherent patients (96.6% vs. 79.7% respectively, p=0.036) and lower occurrence of soft/liquid stool (p=0.044). Furthermore, low intake of savory pastries and red/processed meat was associated with significant biochemical inactivity [p=0.026 and p=0.020, respectively. Conclusion Overall adherence to the MD among patients with CD in clinical remission and biochemical inactivity is relatively low, with a low intake of beneficial food groups on one hand, and a low intake of UPF on the other hand. Adherence to the MD was associated with lower FC levels. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of the MD on the maintenance of clinical and biochemical remission.

Lentils based pasta affect satiation, satiety and food intake in healthy volunteers

Plant-based diets represent a valid strategy to improve human health and increase food sustainability. The availability of legume-based products, a good source of proteins and fibers, could help consumers to promote healthy dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different legume-based pastas on energy intake and appetite in healthy volunteers. Four ad libitum (protocol 1) and iso-caloric pre-load meals (protocol 2) were tested using a randomized repeated measure design. The test meals consisted of lentils pasta (LP), chickpeas pasta (CP); durum wheat pasta (DWP) and gluten free pasta (GFP), served with tomato sauce. Protocol 1: the ad libitum lunch meal was consumed then EI registered. Protocol 2: subjective appetite was assessed by visual analogue scale before and after the pre-load meal for 2 h until an ad libitum buffet was served to assess EI. Twenty (age: 39.2 ± 8.41 years; BMI: 23.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2) and 40 (age: 42.6 ± 8.7 years; BMI: 23.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2) healthy subjects were respectively recruited for each protocol. ANCOVA analysis showed an overall effect of meals and sex on EI within meal and at the subsequent meal, resulting in a lower EI after LP compared to DWP (p < 0.05). Appetite sensations were significantly influenced solely after the pre-load meal, where repeated measures ANCOVA showed increased post-prandial satiety after LP and CP (p < 0.05) compared to DWP in females, whereas a reduction in desire to eat and higher fullness was found following LP compared to the other meals in both sexes (p < 0.05). Overall, lentil-based pasta seemed to acutely affect EI both within and at the subsequent meal, especially in females. Consumption of legume-based pasta might enhance legume intake by modulating appetite feelings and increasing food sustainability. However, further studies are needed to support these results in the long-term and considering different target populations.

The association of the healthy food diversity index with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among the adult population

Dietary diversity index is a useful evaluation index for examining the role of dietary pattern in predicting chronic diseases risk, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). In the present study, we aimed to examine the possible association of dietary diversity using US Healthy Food Diversity(US HFD) index and the NAFLD risk in Iranian adults. A total of 675 individuals (225 patients with NAFLD and 450 controls) aged 20-60 years were recruited for the current case-control study. Data on dietary intakes were determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity was calculated using the US HFD index. In patients with NAFLD, an ultrasound scan of the liver was used to detect NAFLD. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence interval(CI) of NAFLD across tertiles of the US HFD index. Mean±SD age of the study population were 38.13±8.85 years. The median (interquartile) score of the US HFD index in patients with NAFLD and healthy subjects was 0.08(0.07-0.09) and 0.09(0.08-0.10), respectively. In the age and sex-adjusted model, the odds of NAFLD were considerably reduced across tertiles of the US HFD index (OR:0.48; 95%CI:0.32-0.72, Ptrend<0.001). Also, in the final model, after adjusting for age, sex, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, physical activity, marital status, socioeconomic status, and energy intake, the odds of NAFLD were significantly reduced across tertiles US HFD index (OR:0.55; 95%CI:0.31-0.97, Ptrend<0.001). Furthermore, for each SD increase in the US HFD index, the odds of NAFLD are reduced by 23% (OR:0.77;95%CI:0.60-0.97,P-Value<0.001). Our findings revealed that greater adherence to dietary pattern with a high US HFD score, defined by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, low-fat dairy, seeds, soya products, and plant oils may be related to reducing the odds of NAFLD.