Intake In Women Research Articles

Lower Energy-Dense Ready Meal Consumption Affects Self-Reported Appetite Ratings with No Effect on Subsequent Food Intake in Women.

Slimming World (SW), a commercial weight management organisation, has designed a range of low energy-dense ready meals (LEDRMs) in line with their programme. This randomised crossover study compared commercially available equicaloric ready meals differing in energy density on satiety and food intake. It was hypothesised that the LEDRM would reduce energy intake (EI) whilst increasing fullness and reducing hunger compared to higher energy-dense ready meal (HEDRM, control). A total of 26 female participants (aged 18–65 years; body mass index of 28.8 ± 3.0 kg·m−2) attended two test days. The participants ate a standard breakfast, and four hours later, ate either a LEDRM or HEDRM at lunch. EI was measured four hours later at an ad libitum tea. Satiety measurements were recorded throughout the day using visual analogue scales and a weighed food diary was completed for the remainder of the day. The results revealed that the LEDRM reduced hunger and increased fullness (both p < 0.001). There was no difference in EI at the evening meal between the ready meals (p > 0.05), however, during the whole LEDRM testing day, the participants consumed significantly less fat (7.1%) and saturated fat (3.6%) (both p < 0.01), but significantly more carbohydrates, sugars, fibre, protein, and salt (all p < 0.01). The results indicate that the participants felt more satiated after consuming ready meals of the same energy content but larger portion size. Despite no significant difference in short-term EI between the ready meals, the results indicated that the LEDRM produced beneficial subjective satiety responses and, therefore, can help to improve the nutritional content of meals i.e., reduce saturated fat consumption.

Kinesio Taping vs. Auricular Acupressure for the Personalised Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhoea: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for menstrual pain. The World Health Organization estimates that up to 81% of women of childbearing age are affected by this condition, and it is one of the leading causes of absenteeism from work and school among women. Although there are pharmacological treatments available for menstrual-pain relief, they do not respond to all women’s needs. Therefore, there is a need to study and develop non-pharmacological alternatives to broaden the individualised treatment options for dysmenorrhea. There are scarce studies published on non-pharmacological treatments, such as kinesio tape and auricular acupressure for the relief of menstrual pain, but the scientific evidence available suggest that these techniques may be beneficial in addressing this problem. The objective of this pilot study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of kinesio tape and auricular acupressure to decrease pain and drug intake in women with primary dysmenorrhoea. Methods: This was a double-blind randomized clinical controlled trial. The period of study was from September 2017 to August 2018. Women enrolled in the University of Extremadura and who had primary dysmenorrhoea were randomized to five groups: control (n = 23), kinesio tape (n = 23), placebo kinesio tape (n = 23), auricular acupressure (n = 23) and placebo auricular acupressure (n = 22). Measures were taken during the pretreatment phase (at four menstrual cycles), during the post-intervention phase (at four menstrual cycles) and during the follow-up phase (at the first and third menstrual cycles after the treatment was completed). The primary outcome measures were mean pain intensity, maximum pain intensity, number of painful days and dose of drug intake during menstruation, measured with the Visual Analogue Scale. The secondary outcome measures were the length of the cycle, the length of menstruation, the drug intake and the type of drug. Results: In all, 108 participants completed the study. The statistical analysis (MANOVA, ANOVA, t-paired and McNemar tests) showed that kinesio tape and auricular acupressure have a beneficial effect on pain relief (mean pain intensity, p < 0.001; maximum pain intensity, p < 0.001; number of painful days, p = 0.021; dose of drug intake, p < 0.001). In addition, once the treatments were withdrawn, the auricular-acupressure group maintained lower scores during the first follow-up cycle (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Kinesio tape and auricular acupressure decrease pain and drug intake in women with primary dysmenorrhoea. The changes in the auricular-acupressure group seemed to last longer. The results suggest that these techniques could be used as complementary personalised therapies to the pharmacological treatment and not as a substitution.

Validation of Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study on Female Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

The aim of this study is to develop and assess the validity of the Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Iron-FFQ) in assessing the iron intake of reproductive age women. This cross-sectional study involved randomly selected female undergraduate students at Jantinangor, Sumedang district, West Java (n=94) as respondents. The validity test compared the iron intake using Iron-FFQ with the 3-Days Food Diary (FD). The iron contents of each food from both methods were obtained from Indonesian Food Composition Table (2017). Iron contents were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed significant correlation in iron content between Iron FFQ and the 3 Days FD with r=0.25 for the tubers, nuts, and vegetables group, and r=0.21 for milk and fish (p<0.05). While, statistically non-significant correlations were found for the rest of the food groups (cereal, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, fats, sugar, syrup, confectionary, and spices) with r ranged from r=0.19 to r=0.01. The average assessment value using Iron-FFQ was lower than the 3-Days Food Diary, especially in the food and beverages group (-100%), sugar, syrup, and confectionary (-93.8%), and vegetables (-88.5%). In conclusion, Iron-FFQ can be declared valid for measuring iron intake from some food group such as starchy tubers, fish, shellfish and shrimp, nuts, vegetables, and milk as they have an acceptable correlation value.

Intake of Vitamin E and C in Women of Reproductive Age: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS).

Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America (LatAm) is mostly unknown. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud, ELANS), we evaluated vitamin E and C intake in women of reproductive age (WRA) from eight LatAm countries and identified their main food sources. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in 3704 women aged from 15 to 49 years and living in urban locations showed low average intake of vitamin E (7.9 mg/day vs. estimated average requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day) and adequate overall vitamin C consumption (95.5 mg/day vs. EAR of 60 mg/day). The mean regional inadequacy was 89.6% for vitamin E and 36.3% for vitamin C. The primary food sources of vitamin E were fats and oils, as well as vegetables. Vitamin C intake was explained mainly by the consumption of fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Combined deficient intake of both vitamins was observed in 33.7% of LatAm women. Although the implications of low antioxidant vitamins’ consumption in WRA are still unclear, the combined deficient intake of both vitamins observed in one-third of ELANS participants underscores the need for further research on this topic.

1185-P: Erythrocyte Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Are Reliable Biomarkers of Dietary Intake in Women of African Ancestry: The Federal Women's Study

To formulate precision nutrition prescriptions, it is essential to understand the relationship between dietary assessment, ethnicity and cardiometabolic disease. Erythrocyte (RBC) fatty acid (FA) profiles reflect long-term dietary fat intake but have not been rigorously compared with short-term FA intake in women of African ancestry who have paradoxically low triglycerides with high fat intake. We compared the type of dietary fat consumed (proportion of total fat) using food records with fasting RBC FA (mol%) determined by gas chromatography in 130 female, healthy, federal employees without diabetes (12% African Immigrants (AI), 47% African Americans (AA), 41% White Americans (WA)); mean age 43+10 y and BMI 30 + 6 kg/m2). Diet quality and home prepared meals were similar across ethnicities. AI reported the lowest energy intake. Regardless of absolute energy intake, macronutrient distributions were similar. Fat intake differed by ethnicity; WA had the highest saturated FA (SFA) and lowest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-3 index (EPA + DHA), while AI and AA had similar SFA, EPA and DHA intake. AI women had the highest RBC DHA and omega-3 index. Associations between FA intake and RBC profiles were significant for DHA (r=0.3, p&amp;lt;0.01), EPA (r=0.2, p&amp;lt;0.05) and the omega-3 index (r=0.2, p&amp;lt;0.01). Overall, RBC EPA and DHA were reliable biomarkers of dietary intake in women of African ancestry, consistent with data in predominantly white populations. These findings support the combined use of food records and RBC profiles for comprehensive dietary assessments. As RBC SFA and monounsaturated FA reflect both endogenous and exogenous sources, the discrepancies between intake and RBC profiles could reflect ethnic variations in nutrient metabolism. To enable precision nutrition prescriptions, exploration of population-specific biomarkers in concert with dietary assessment is needed. Disclosure A. B. Courville: None. S. T. Chung: None. S. Yang: None. L. Mabundo: None. C. K. Cravalho: None. S. Matta: None. A. Villalobos-perez: None. J. M. Dawson: None. A. H. Lichtenstein: None. A. E. Sumner: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

The Association of Dietary Iron on Visual Cognitive Performance and Training in the IONSport Study

ObjectivesVisual cognitive performance (VCP) is an important factor in high-speed interactions with the environment such as sports or driving, however, the testing, training and determination of factors that influence this ability has been elusive. Iron intake from heme sources has been shown to prevent altered metabolic processes, reductions in protein and neurotransmitter synthesis, and cognitive abilities and neural functions. The purpose of this study is to determine whether chronic dietary iron intake explain the large difference in VCP and training responses between healthy individuals. MethodsMen and women age 18–35 completed 15 visual cognitive training sessions (Neurotracker) in 10 visits to the laboratory. On the days of training, all food intake was documented (Nutribase) along with measures of body composition, blood pressure, hydration status, sleep patterns, and recent exercise. Mean nutritional intakes were calculated for the 10 days of food records. Total daily intakes of iron were also calculated for each of the 10 days of food records. ResultsIron intake was significantly associated to VCP (P < 0.001) in women (N = 52) but not men (N = 36). VCP improved progressively with dietary iron intake in women from low (iron: 8.2 ± 1.2 mg/day, VCP: 1.38 ± 0.22, N = 24), medium (iron: 13.4 ± 1.3 mg/day, VCP = 1.59 ± 0.38, N = 21) to high (20.9 ± 3.8 mg/day, VCP = 1.86 ± 0.33, N = 7) in which all groups were all significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThese results suggest that intakes of iron at or above the RDA may be essential to optimize VCP. Funding SourcesNational Cattlemen’s Beef Association.

CLOCK Gene Variation Is Associated with the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Modulated by Monounsaturated Fatty Acids.

The circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms through its transcription factor gene product. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CLOCK rs1801260 and the incidence of metabolic syndrome modulated by dietary monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake in Korean adults. Using a dataset from the Ansan-Ansung Cohort Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, 3608 Korean adults were included after an average of nine years of follow-up. Men who were minor allele carriers (G allele) of CLOCK rs1801260 had a 18% higher incidence of metabolic syndrome than non-carriers [hazard ratio (HR), 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.40; p Value = 0.047]. By dichotomizing dietary MUFA intake, we observed that men who were minor allele carriers (G allele) of CLOCK rs1801260 had a 42% increased incidence of metabolic syndrome when dietary MUFA intake was ≤3.5% (HR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.23–1.81; p Value = 0.004). No significant association was found between CLOCK rs1801260 and the incidence of metabolic syndrome modulated by dietary MUFA intake in women. CLOCK polymorphisms affected metabolic syndrome, modulated by dietary MUFA intake in men. These results suggest the significance of CLOCK genes in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and the modulating role of dietary MUFA intake and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms connecting the circadian system, dietary factors, and metabolic syndrome.

Design of the ForesiGHt Trial: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Trial to Compare Once-Weekly TransCon hGH (lonapegsomatropin) to Placebo and Daily Somatropin in Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)

BackgroundAdult GHD results from insufficient growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland and may represent either a continuation of childhood-onset GHD or GHD acquired during adulthood. Clinically, adult GHD is associated with central adiposity, decreased lean muscle mass, increased fat mass, decreased bone mineral density, and reduced quality of life. Current standard of care consists of GH replacement via daily injections.Lonapegsomatropin is a long-acting prodrug of somatropin (hGH), designed to deliver unmodified hGH with a weekly exposure profile. Lonapegsomatropin consists of somatropin that is transiently bound to a carrier via a proprietary TransCon Linker. The carrier extends the duration of somatropin in the circulation through a shielding effect that minimizes renal excretion and receptor-mediated clearance of the prodrug. At physiologic conditions, lonapegsomatropin releases fully active, unmodified somatropin via autocleavage of the linker in a controlled manner.The safety and efficacy of lonapegsomatropin have previously been evaluated in two phase 3 trials and one long-term extension trial in pediatric GHD. Changes in body composition are an objective and sensitive endpoint that reflects biologic activity of GH and clinical efficacy of GH replacement. Methods: The primary objective of the foresiGHt trial is to evaluate the efficacy of once-weekly lonapegsomatropin compared to placebo at 38 weeks in adults with GHD. The trial will be conducted at approximately 120 sites in North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Approximately 240 subjects will be randomized 1:1:1 to once-weekly lonapegsomatropin, once-weekly placebo, or daily somatropin (Norditropin®). Subjects will be treatment-naïve or without GH therapy for at least 12 months. Subjects with well-controlled non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) will be eligible. Following screening, the 38-week treatment period will consist of a 12-week gradual dose titration period and 26 weeks of fixed dose maintenance. Fixed dosing will be used to ensure maximal comparability across the treatment arms in the trial. Three dosing groups per arm will be established to allow for differences in age and oral estrogen intake in women.The primary endpoint is change from baseline in trunk percent fat at week 38, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary efficacy endpoints are change from baseline in trunk fat mass and change in total body lean mass at week 38. Exploratory efficacy endpoints include total body fat mass, trunk lean mass, visceral adipose tissue, and patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion: The ongoing global phase 3 foresiGHt trial is designed to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lonapegsomatropin by weekly administration, compared to weekly placebo and daily hGH replacement therapy in adults with GHD.

Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Newborn Aortic Wall Thickness.

Evidence from animal models indicates that maternal diet during pregnancy affects offspring cardiometabolic health. Improving carbohydrate quality during high-risk pregnancies reduces aortic intima-medial thickness; a marker for early atherosclerosis; in the infant offspring. We sought to determine whether maternal carbohydrate quantity and quality are associated with newborn aortic intima-medial thickness in healthy pregnancies. Maternal diet throughout pregnancy was evaluated in 139 mother–child dyads using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Carbohydrate intake was expressed as quantity (% total energy), quality (fibre, glycaemic index), and glycaemic burden (glycaemic load). Aortic intima-medial thickness was measured by high-frequency ultrasound of the neonatal abdominal aorta. Neither quantity nor quality of maternal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy was associated with meaningful differences in offspring maximum aortic intima-medial thickness with the exception of fibre intake in women with overweight or obesity which was inversely associated (−8 μm [95% CI −14, −1] per g fibre, p = 0.04). In healthy pregnancy, the quantity and quality of maternal carbohydrate intake is likely not a meaningful modifiable lifestyle factor for influencing offspring vascular health. The effect of carbohydrate quality may only be evident in high-risk pregnancies, consistent with previous findings. These findings may be confirmed in prospective dietary trials in pregnancy.

Capillary Triglycerides in Late Pregnancy-Challenging to Measure, Hard to Interpret: A Cohort Study of Practicality.

Background: Maternal triglycerides are increasingly recognised as important predictors of infant growth and fat mass. The variability of triglyceride patterns during the day and their relationship to dietary intake in women in late pregnancy have not been explored. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the utility of monitoring capillary triglycerides in women in late pregnancy. Methods: Twenty-nine women (22 with gestational diabetes (GDM) and 7 without) measured capillary glucose and triglycerides using standard meters at home for four days. On two of those days, they consumed one of two standard isocaloric breakfast meals: a high-fat/low-carbohydrate meal (66% fat) or low fat/high carbohydrate meal (10% fat). Following the standard meals, glucose and triglyceride levels were monitored. Results: Median capillary triglycerides were highly variable between women but did not differ between GDM and normoglycaemic women. There was variability in capillary triglycerides over four days of home monitoring and a difference in incremental area under the curve for capillary triglycerides and glucose between the two standard meals. The high-fat standard meal lowered the incremental area under the curve for capillary glucose (p < 0.0001). Fasting (rho 0.66, p = 0.0002) and postpradial capillary triglycerides measured at home correlated with venous triglyceride levels. Conclusions: The lack of differences in response to dietary fat intake and the correlation between capillary and venous triglycerides suggest that monitoring of capillary triglycerides before and after meals in pregnancy is unlikely to be useful in the routine clinical practice management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Iodine Excretion and Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in South Australia Eating Plant-Based and Omnivore Diets: A Pilot Study.

Women consuming a strictly vegan/plant-based diet may be at increased risk of low iodine intake due to avoidance of animal products containing iodine. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the iodine excretion and intake in women consuming vegan/plant based diets compared with women consuming omnivore diets. Fifty-seven women (n = 31 plant-based, n = 26 omnivores), provided two spot urine samples to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Two days of dietary intake were also recorded by participants. As the data were not normally distributed results are reported as median (IQR). UIC was significantly different between groups, 44 (26–66) µg/L in the vegan/plant-based group versus 64 (40–88) µg/L in omnivores (p < 0.05). UIC did not meet the >100 µg/L level recommended by the World Health Organization. Iodine intake was also significantly different, 78 (62–91) µg/day in the vegan/plant-based group and 125 (86–175) µg/day in the omnivores (p = 0.000). Iodine intake and bread intake were correlated with iodine excretion (CC 0.410–4.11, p = 0.003). These data indicate iodine insufficiency in both groups of women as the median values were below the minimum WHO recommendation. A larger study assessing iodine excretion in the Australian women of reproductive age who are not pregnant or breastfeeding is needed to confirm these findings.

Food Choice Behaviors of Lactating Women: Association with Body Mass Index and Fruits and Vegetables Intake in Central Amhara Region, Ethiopia-An Observational Study.

Background What food people choose to eat is embraced by circumstances that are essentially influenced by the underlying motives of food choices which are important to a healthful dietary change. Therefore, this study aimed to explore food choice behaviors associated with nutritional status and FVs intake in women during lactation from central Amhara. Methods A multistage sampling technique was applied to select study participants. A study was conducted among 423 randomly selected lactating women using a face-to-face interview of the questionnaire. A community-based cross-sectional, quantitative study with descriptive and analytical components was done. Anthropometrics measurements such as weight, height, waist, and hip circumference were taken from all participants. Body mass index was calculated to determine the nutritional status of women. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 computer software program. Association between dependent and independent variables was identified by logistic regression analysis, and a P-value< 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results About 21.7% of women were underweight. Approximately 37.4% of women had good consumption trends to fruits and vegetables. Healthy meal eating motivation, price-consciousness, and mood concern were identified as the most significant behaviors of food choice, influencing the nutritional status of women with AOR (95% CI) of 2.1 (1.21–3.62), 3.01 (1.32–6.9), and 0.5 (0.30–0.95), respectively. Natural content (AOR (95%): 2.37 (1.39–4.06)), mood concern (AOR (95%): 2.29 (1.15–4.56)), religion concern (AOR (95%): 2.45 (1.37–4.4)), husband encouragement (AOR (95%): 2.26 (1.04–4.89)), and availability of milk and milk products (AOR (95%): 1.6 (1.39–2.74)) and fruits and vegetables (AOR (95%): 1.66 (1.16–3.48)) in home were associated significantly with a good intake of fruit and vegetables. Conclusions This finding provides a useful insight into the food choice motivations of a group of women with preference for natural foods, mood concern, religion concern, and husband support with good fruit and vegetable intake. This can help practitioners make recommendations for health promotion strategies. Emphasis on assisting women with healthy meal eating and avoiding psychological stress is important. Nutrition education about healthy food choice is recommended for communities.

Serum fatty acid synthase levels and n-3 fatty acid intake in patients with breast cancer.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis that is usually over-expressed in patients with breast cancer, but its relationship with the patient's dietary habit is not clear. A higher intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is related to reduced breast carcinogenesis invitro and invivo. The aim of this study was to clinically investigate the association between serum FASN levels and fatty acid intake in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. In a case-control cross-sectional study, with 18 breast cancer patients and 29 controls, we evaluated nutritional status, dietary intake, and serum FASN levels. Statistical analyses were carried out with parametric and non-parametric tests, according to the sample's normality distribution. The mean age of breast cancer group (n=18) and control group (n=29) was 46.8±9.7y and 44.4.±8.6y, respectively. Mean serum concentration of FASN in breast cancer group was significantly higher (132.51±95.05ng/mL) than in control group (36.88±20.87ng/mL) (p<0.0001). Among breast cancer group, serum FASN levels of premenopausal women were significantly higher than those of postmenopausal women (p=0.026). There was no significant difference between the early and late disease stages in regard to serum FASN levels in breast cancer group. Mean nutrient intake was similar and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid intake was low in both groups. We observed no association regarding fatty acid intake and serum FASN levels. These data suggest that dietary n-3 fatty acid has no association with serum FASN levels among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Bidirectional Interactions between the Menstrual Cycle, Exercise Training, and Macronutrient Intake in Women: A Review.

Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact women’s physiology. The literature has shown nonlinear relationships between MC, exercise, and nutritional intake. Notably, these relationships are bidirectional and less straightforward than one would suppose. For example, the theoretical implications of the MC’s phases on exercise performance do not always translate into relevant practical effects. There is often a disconnect between internal measures (e.g., levels of hormone concentrations) and external performance. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how nutritional intake varies across the MC’s phases and whether these variations impact on exercise performance. Therefore, a thorough review of the existing knowledge could help in framing these complex relationships and potentially contribute to the optimization of exercise prescription and nutritional intake according to the naturally occurring phases of the MC. Throughout this review, an emerging trend is the lack of generalizability and the need to individualize interventions, since the consequences of the MC’s phases and their relationships with exercise and nutritional intake seem to vary greatly from person to person. In this sense, average data are probably not relevant and could potentially be misleading.

Changes in Ghrelin and Glucagon following a Low Glycemic Load Diet in Women with PCOS.

Altered satiety hormones in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may contribute to obesity. Diets with a low glycemic load (GL) may influence appetite-regulating hormones including glucagon and ghrelin. To test the hypothesis that following a 4-week, eucaloric low vs high GL diet habituation, a low vs high GL meal will increase glucagon and decrease ghrelin to reflect greater satiety and improve self-reported fullness. Secondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial. Thirty women diagnosed with PCOS. Participants were provided low (41:19:40% energy from carbohydrate:protein:fat) and high (55:18:27) GL diets for 8 weeks each. At each diet midpoint, a solid meal test was administered to examine postprandial ghrelin, glucagon, glucose, insulin, and self-reported appetite scores. After 4 weeks, fasting glucagon was greater with the low vs high GL diet (P = .035), and higher fasting glucagon was associated with lesser feelings of hunger (P = .009). Significant diet effects indicate 4-hour glucagon was higher (P < .001) and ghrelin was lower (P = .009) after the low vs high GL meal. A trending time × diet interaction (P = .077) indicates feelings of fullness were greater in the early postprandial phase after the high GL meal, but no differences were observed the late postprandial phase. These findings suggest after low GL diet habituation, a low GL meal reduces ghrelin and increases glucagon in women with PCOS. Further research is needed to determine the influence of diet composition on ad libitum intake in women with PCOS.

Coffee Intake Interacted with the Bcl-2 rs1944420, rs7236090, and rs2849382 Haplotype to Influence Breast Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged Women

We hypothesized that the haplotype of Bcl-2 genetic variants increases breast cancer risk and interacts with lifestyles in Korean women. We identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of Bcl-2 associated with breast cancer risk after adjusting for covariates in 390 breast cancer patients and 36,726 women without any cancer that participated in the Korean Genomic Epidemiology Study (KoGES). An allelic genetic model showed that three SNPs (rs1944420, rs7236090, and rs2849382) in the Bcl-2 gene were significantly associated with breast cancer (ORs = 1.28, 0.84, and 0.79, respectively). The participants with the minor allele of the haplotype with three SNPs had 1.65-fold higher breast cancer risk than those with the major allele, after adjusting for covariates. Serum C-reactive protein concentration had a positive association with breast cancer risk. A significant interaction was also observed between the minor allele of the Bcl-2 haplotype and coffee intake (P = 0.03). A low coffee intake in women with the minor allele presented a higher breast cancer risk than a low coffee intake in those with the major allele. In conclusion, the risk of breast cancer risk was higher in post-menopausal women with the minor allele of the Bcl-2 haplotype, and consuming more than 1 cup of coffee per day reduced the risk. The results of this study could be applied to reduce the risk of breast cancer.

Phase angle assessment by electrical vector bioimpedance in women with cervical cancer

Introduction: cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in the world. It is associated with a high body mass index. However, the phase angle has not been determined in women with cervical cancer. Electrical vector bioimpedance has been validated to assess body composition, nutritional status, and cell membrane integrity in cancer patients using phase angle. Objetive: to evaluate phase angle, body composition by electrical vector bioimpedance, and dietary intake in women with cervical diagnosis who are users of a second-level care hospital in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study. Seventy women with a diagnosis of cervical cancer were studied in the oncology service. Phase angle was measured, and the frequency of food from the Nutritional Habits Assessment System and a questionnaire to measure socioeconomic level were applied. Results: the data of the phase angle in a mean of 4.66 ° ± 0.87 ° with a range of 2.9 ° to 6.2 ° In a multiple linear regression model formed for phase angle as a dependent variable, and evolution of the cervical cancer, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, extracellular water, fructose, saturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids as independent variables, had an R2 value of 0.748 with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: women with cervical cancer have integrity damage of the cell membrane with a lower phase angle than the reference population.

Identification of changes in sleep across pregnancy and the impact on cardiometabolic health and energy intake in women with obesity

This prospective, observational study investigated changes in sleep and the effect on energy intake, gestational weight gain, and cardiometabolic health across pregnancy in 52 healthy pregnant women with obesity. Habitual sleep was assessed by wrist-worn actigraphy (time spent in bed; TIB, total sleep time; TST, and sleep efficiency) in early (130–156 weeks) and late (350-366) pregnancy. A change to habitual sleep was defined as change of one-half of the standard deviation of TIB and TST across six consecutive nights from early pregnancy. Energy intake and changes in weight, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids across pregnancy were compared between women who changed sleep. During early pregnancy, TIB was 9:24 ± 0:08 h and varied by 1:37 ± 0:07 h across the six nights. TST and sleep efficiency significantly declined from early to late pregnancy (7:03 ± 0:08 h to 6:28 ± 0:09 h, p < 0.001) and (76 ± 0.1% to 71 ± 0.2%, p < 0.001), respectively. For women who increased TIB (n = 11), fasting glucose decreased (−11.6 ± 4.3%, p < 0.01) across pregnancy and they had a trend towards decreased insulin (−57.8 ± 33.5%; p = 0.09) and HOMA-IR (−72.4 ± 37.3%; p = 0.06) compared to women who decreased TIB (n = 13). Women who increased TIB had a significantly lower daily energy intake across pregnancy (−540 ± 163 kcal; p < 0.01) and tended to have less gestational weight gain (−147 ± 88 g/week; p = 0.10). Changes in TST did not affect plasma markers, energy intake or weight gain. The positive relationship between sleep and cardiometabolic health during pregnancy is explained in part by lower energy intake. We hypothesize lower energy intake is due to a prolonged overnight fast and a decrease in the time available for eating.

This Month in Adult Urology

This Month in Adult Urology

Evaluation of food intake in women in chemotherapy for breast cancer

Rationale: Breast cancer affects women all over the world. It is known that nutritional status is an important factor for prognosis. In this context, the side effects of chemotherapy can modify eating habits promoting nutritional changes.