Intact Families Research Articles

Cyberbullying Victimization, Perpetration and Psychosomatic Health Symptoms among Students in a Ghanaian University

Cyberbullying as deviant behavior is a growing public health concern and affects cyber victims in many ways. This study sought to examine cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and psychosomatic health symptoms (PHS) among students in a Ghanaian university. The aim was to explore the extent of cyberbullying among students and the association between demographic factors and cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and PHS of cyberbully victims. The study was a cross-sectional survey of 420 students in a public university in Ghana. The survey results show that female students were less likely than male students to suffer from cybervictimization. There was no gender difference in cyberbullying perpetration and experiencing PHS. Also, students from intact families were less likely to be victimized than students from single-parent families. Bystanders who tried to intervene in cybervictimization were less inclined to perpetrate cyberbullying but were more likely to experience PHS when cyberbullied. Students who lived alone or with friends were four times more likely to experience PHS after being cyberbullied. These findings point to the far-reaching effects of cyberbullying and the need for educators and other stakeholders to devise policies to mitigate the phenomenon and put in place structures to help cyberbully victims.

LIMITING THE NUMBER OF POLYGAMIES TO REALIZE ECONOMIC JUSTICE: A HERMENEUTIC ANALYSIS OF MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR

Looking at the times, humanitarian problems have developed so complex, ranging from genetics, space exploration, education, interfaith relations, gender issues, human rights, and so on. The rapid development of the times makes Islamic sciences inevitably have to follow the flow of the times, and without exception the science of interpretation. The science of interpretation is required to always develop in the face of the complexity of humanitarian problems. It was here that the idea of the use of hermeneutics became a necessity for today's interpreters. Hermeneutics as a methodology in the interpretation of the Quran is considered quite important and urgent to do because hermeneutics does not only speak at the level of the text alone but also considers the context and role of subjectivity of an interpreter, so that by using the method of hermeneutics, interpretation or study of the Quran is expected to be able to become an actual contextual and answer the challenges of the times. The problem in this study is how Muhammad Syahrul's hermeneutic method in interpreting Quranic verses about Polygamy. The purpose of the study was to know and analyse Muhammad Shahrur's hermeneutics in interpreting Qur'anic verses about polygamy. The research method used in writing this paper is a qualitative research method through library research or literature review method using descriptive analysis writing method. The results showed that using his Limit Theory (Nadzariyah al-Hudud), Syahrur tried to reconstruct the understanding of polygamy by using quantity and quality standards together. In terms of quantity, the minimum standard limit for a person to marry is once (one wife), and the maximum limit is four wives. Islam allows a person to marry 4 (four) people together (polygamy), but in quality it is necessary to distinguish between the status of the first wife and the status of the second, third and fourth wives. For first wives (first marriages) one can marry a woman who is a virgin or widow whether or not she has children, but in a second, third, and/or fourth marriage (polygamy), the wife must be widowed and have orphans. So one cannot marry all one's wives in virgin condition, but on the contrary it is quite possible one marries wives who are all widows. This is in accordance with the main purpose of polygamy, which is to provide protection and protection and ensure the welfare and happiness of orphans living in intact families so as not to become homeless and avoid juvenile delinquency.

The Impact of Family Complexity on the Risk of Developmental Delay and Socio-Emotional Difficulties in Early Childhood

The aim of this research is to examine how developmental progress and socio-emotional difficulties in early childhood are influenced by family complexity, and how socioeconomic status (SES) and interparental conflict influence these effects. To measure family complexity, full biological families, two-biological-parent families with half- and/or step-siblings, step-parent families, and single-parent families were separated. Dependent variables include the risk of developmental delay (based on ASQ-3) and socio-emotional difficulties (based on SDQ) at age 3. The data come from four waves of the Cohort ’18 Growing Up in Hungary longitudinal birth cohort study (n = 5788). Based on the results, children in all non-intact family types have a higher risk of developmental delay than do children from full biological families, when controlled only for the basic socio-demographic characteristics of children and mothers. However, controlling for family SES or interparental conflict as well, only children raised by a step-parent have a higher risk. Considering socio-emotional difficulties, children living with their biological parents but also with half- or step-siblings, or in a single-parent family, were at higher risk, even adjusted for interparental conflict. After controlling for family SES, however, only children in single-parent families have a higher risk. Parental conflict and low family SES have significant negative effects on both child outcomes, even in intact families, and together these seem to explain the adverse effect of non-intact family types. To conclude, children’s outcomes in the early years depend not only on whether they live with both their biological parents, but also on whether they are raised with half- and/or step-siblings or by a step-parent. That said, in many cases the negative impacts are due to selection effects, i.e., the fact that children of low-status parents are more likely to live in non-intact families.

PERBEDAAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANTARA ANAK KORBAN PERCERAIAN DAN ANAK DARI KELUARGA UTUH

The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison, especially the learning motivation of students in families who experienced divorce (broken homes) with intact (harmonious) families, in addition to knowing the teacher's strategy in dealing with students with broken homes at the school. The source of the data obtained in this study was that there were 254 students at Al Ulum Tuasan Islamic High School, Medan. Data collection techniques in this study used a research instrument by giving a questionnaire. The research method used is quantitative description. The focus of the research is the problem of learning motivation of children who experience broken homes. The results of this study indicate that children who have incomplete families (absent father or mother or both), lack high learning motivation. In addition, the strategies carried out by teachers at Al Ulum Tuasan Islamic High School, Medan show that teachers teach with a variety of learning strategies and methods such as lecture, discussion, question and answer methods, and assignments so that students are motivated to take part in learning and are active and affective so that students are not bored and bored in the learning process takes place.

The Nature of the Familial Risk for Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder.

To clarify whether the familial liability to psychosis associated with bipolar disorder (BD) is nonspecific or has a greater effect on risk for psychosis in cases with prominent mood symptoms and/or a remitting course. We examined, in 984 809 offspring raised in intact families in Sweden, born 1980-1996 and followed-up through 2018, by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, risk in offspring of parents with BD for 7 psychotic disorders: Psychotic MD (PMD), psychotic BD (PBD), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), acute psychoses, psychosis NOS, delusional disorder (DD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Diagnoses were obtained from national registers. In the offspring of BD parents, the hazard ratios (HR) for these 7 disorders formed an inverted U-shaped curve, rising from 2.98 for PMD, to peak at 4.49 for PBD and 5.25 for SAD, and then declining to a HR of 3.48 for acute psychoses and 3.22 for psychosis NOS, to a low of 2.19 for DD and 2.33 for SZ. A similar pattern of risks was seen in offspring of mothers and fathers affected with BD and in offspring predicted from age at onset in their BD parent. The BD-associated risk for psychosis impacts most strongly on mood disorders, moderately on episodic psychotic syndromes, and least on chronic psychotic disorders. These results support prior clinical studies suggesting a qualitative difference in the familial substrate for psychosis occurring in BD and SZ.

The Audience’s Acceptance of a Single Parent in The Film "Susah Sinyal”

Children raised by single parents often face more difficulties in family relationships than children raised in intact families. Single parents frequently struggle to balance work and parental responsibilities. Ernest Prakasa’s film Susah Sinyal attempts to raise awareness of the phenomenon of single parenthood by depicting the relationship and struggles of a single mother and her daughter. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine how the audience interprets the representation of single parents in films, and (2) investigate how this representation influences the audience’s understanding of single-parent life in the real world. This study included five children raised by single parents. This is a descriptive study that is divided into two stages using the reception analysis method. The first step is to perform content analysis or encoding. The second stage is decoding, which includes a Focused Group Discussion (FGD). The findings indicate that the representation of single parents in the film has various meanings for the audience. They felt that the film accurately represented their point of view while others said no. This film does not provide many new ideas or alternative perspectives on single-parent family life. Furthermore, the message conveyed in this film could be a reflection of Indonesian society.

Parents’ Gender Role Attitudes and Child Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parental Involvement

Parents’ gender role attitudes are pertinent to child adjustment. Importantly, parental involvement may help to explain the link between parents’ gender role attitudes and child adjustment. In this study, we investigated the differential contributions of mothers’ and fathers’ gender role attitudes on child adjustment, with the quality of mother and father involvement as mediators. Given that parental involvement is gender-differentiated in the Chinese context, actor and partner effects of mothers’ and fathers’ gender role attitudes on parental involvement were also examined. Participants were 211 maritally intact families from China, including mothers and fathers of children aged 4 to 7 years old. The findings based on structural equation modeling identified the actor and partner effects of fathers’ greater traditional gender role attitudes on a lower quality of mother and father involvement, whereas mothers’ greater traditional gender role attitudes were only related to a lower quality of mother involvement. Greater mother and father involvement was further associated with children’s greater prosocial behavior. The findings suggested the mediating role of the combined mother and father involvement between fathers’ gender role attitudes and children’s prosocial behavior. This study underscores the interdependent nature of mothers’ and fathers’ behavior on child adjustment. The findings inform researchers and practitioners of the importance of reducing both parents’ traditional gender role attitudes and enhancing the quality of parental involvement to foster child adjustment.

Political socialization, parental separation, and political ideology in adulthood

The increase in divorce rates over the past decades challenges the traditional image of the two-parent family, as new family forms are increasingly more common. Yet, the traditional view of the family has remained central to political socialization research. Therefore, we propose and empirically test a theoretical framework regarding the consequences of parental separation for processes of political socialization. While the impact of parental divorce has been studied extensively by sociologists, the political implications of this impactful life event have remained largely uncovered. We identify two mechanisms that we expect to predict more leftist political orientations in children of separated parents compared to those from intact families: experiences of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization. Multi-level analyses using the European Values Study (2008) and two-generational analyses with the Swiss Household Panel (1999–2020) support our expectations, indicating that in case of parental separation offspring tends to hold more leftist political orientations, controlling for selection into parental separation and the intergenerational transmission of political ideology. We find empirical support for mechanisms of economic deprivation and single-mother socialization across our analyses. The implications of our findings are that in the family political socialization process, offspring's political orientations are not only influenced by their parents' ideology, but also by formative experiences that result from the family structure.

Changes in patterns of Early Mother-Child Interaction: A longitudinal study of the first 18 months of life

ObjectiveThe main objective of the present longitudinal study is to describe the progression of early adult-child interactions between the first and second years of life. Changes identified in interactions are described, focusing on both the qualitative aspects of maternal responses, as well as maternal response latency to the child's behavior using a microanalytical methodology that collected data on maternal and child behavior in real-time without losing sight of the temporal dimension. ParticipantsThis study examined 52 mother-child dyads from intact families that presented no psychological, social, or biological risk factors at 6, 12 and 18 months of age. InstrumentCITMI-R (early mother-child interaction coding system, revised edition) was used to assess early mother-infant interactions during free play sessions between mother and child the. ResultsThe results indicate that some components of maternal sensitivity improve as children progress towards the second year of life, detecting an increase in sensitive maternal behavior and a decrease in intrusive behavior in the evolutive observed period; moreover, regarding latency of maternal response, we observed that mothers of older children give more time for their children to explore, which stimulates autonomy. Finally, the implication of these results for intervention directed to optimizing early adult-child interactions are addressed.

The Social Support, Maternal Stress, and Social-Emotional Development of Preschool Children among Working Mothers’ Family during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many changes that have forced working mothers to adapt. This is more challenging if working mothers have preschool children. This study aimed to analyze the effect of social support and maternal stress on the social-emotional development of preschool children among working mothers’ families during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved 70 mothers who worked formally or informally, had children aged 4-6 years, came from intact families, and were domiciled in DKI Jakarta and West Java. Sample selection was made by voluntary sampling, and data were collected self-administered using an online questionnaire. Based on the independent sample T-test, there was no significant difference between formal and informal working mothers on social support, maternal stress, and children's social development. The regression test results showed that social support could improve children's social-emotional development. Conversely, maternal stress can reduce children's social-emotional development. Another finding is that girls have better social-emotional development than boys. The study results have implications that working mothers must have good stress management and coping strategies so that children's social development can develop properly.

A latent class analysis of the socio-demographic factors and associations with mental and behavioral disorders among Australian children and adolescents.

Previous studies have shown a relationship between socio-demographic variables and the mental health of children and adolescents. However, no research has been found on a model-based cluster analysis of socio-demographic characteristics with mental health. This study aimed to identify the cluster of the items representing the socio-demographic characteristics of Australian children and adolescents aged 11-17 years by using latent class analysis (LCA) and examining the associations with their mental health. Children and adolescents aged 11-17 years (n = 3152) were considered from the 2013-2014 Young Minds Matter: The Second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. LCA was performed based on relevant socio-demographic factors from three levels. Due to the high prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders, the generalized linear model with log-link binomial family (log-binomial regression model) was used to examine the associations between identified classes, and the mental and behavioral disorders of children and adolescents. This study identified five classes based on various model selection criteria. Classes 1 and 4 presented the vulnerable class carrying the characteristics of "lowest socio-economic status and non-intact family structure" and "good socio-economic status and non-intact family structure" respectively. By contrast, class 5 indicated the most privileged class carrying the characteristics of "highest socio-economic status and intact family structure". Results from the log-binomial regression model (unadjusted and adjusted models) showed that children and adolescents belonging to classes 1 and 4 were about 1.60 and 1.35 times more prevalent to be suffering from mental and behavioral disorders compared to their class 5 counterparts (95% CI of PR [prevalence ratio]: 1.41-1.82 for class 1; 95% CI of PR [prevalence ratio]: 1.16-1.57 for class 4). Although children and adolescents from class 4 belong to a socio-economically advantaged group and shared the lowest class membership (only 12.7%), the class had a greater prevalence (44.1%) of mental and behavioral disorders than did class 2 ("worst education and occupational attainment and intact family structure") (35.2%) and class 3 ("average socio-economic status and intact family structure") (32.9%). Among the five latent classes, children and adolescents from classes 1 and 4 have a higher risk of developing mental and behavioral disorders. The findings suggest that health promotion and prevention as well as combating poverty are needed to improve mental health in particular among children and adolescents living in non-intact families and in families with a low socio-economic status.

The Influence of Family Factors on Juvenile Delinquency

Juvenile delinquency is a quite serious social issue, and family is one of the important factors which can affect juvenile delinquency. This study mainly explored how can family factors influence crimes that are committed by teenagers, and the content will mainly be divided into five parts. Firstly, the effect of the social-economic status of a family will be illustrated. It shows that delinquent behaviors are more likely to show in teenagers with poor socioeconomic positions. Also, the geographical location that teenagers live is able to affect the probability of juvenile delinquency. In addition, youngsters living in non intact families are more likely to show criminal behavior than others living in intact and traditional families. The factors of the parents themselves are also considered in this study. In terms of parental self-control, parents who have a low ability in controlling their emotions (showing more irritable emotions) are more likely to lead a passion for a crime for their children. In addition, parental imprisonment is likely to cause psychological stress for the child and affects boys theft rates. In terms of parenting styles, children who grow up under laissez-faire parenting, lack of supervision, and love from their parents are more probable to become criminals later.

GENDER CONSTRUCTION IN FAMILY REALITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF POST DIVORCE FAMILY INTERACTIONS IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this study was to highlight the dynamics of gender construction in divorced families. This study used a qualitative method with a case study design on eight mothers-youths from divorced families. In contrast to previous research, this study identified the role of post-divorce family interactions in the construction of gender associated with their well-being. The study’s findings show that the gender scheme developed by youth is linked to patterns of interaction in the family after the parents’ divorce. Changes in parent roles and the presence of extended families contribute to their gender construction. There is an evaluation process that builds an understanding of dynamic gender roles in the family in order to understand the reality of the post-divorce family. Fathers who re-opened communication with their children, mothers as gatekeepers in communication and parenting, and mothers’ and children’s perceptions of the extended family all contributed to the evaluation process. Youth from divorced families face challenges in seeking well-being. They still believe that an intact family is ideal and that the presence of a responsible father is considered important for young people, while the presence of an extended family causes dilemmas in family interactions.

How family structure influences middle-school students’ involvement in physical exercise and their academic achievement in China

Increasing research attention is being paid to the factors influencing the comprehensive and healthy development of adolescents. However, few studies have specifically considered cultural contexts, including that of China. Based on public database—The China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, this paper takes fixed-effect model to examine the relationship between family structure and physical exercise/academic achievement of middle-school students, plus their intermediary mechanisms. The results were as follows: (1) Middle-school students in intact families displayed higher levels of physical exercise and academic achievement than those in families with one or both parents absent; (2) Family structure influenced middle-school students’ development through the two mechanisms of family socioeconomic status and parental input; and (3) Fathers and mothers fulfill different roles in middle-school students’ development: fathers contribute more to their involvement in physical exercise; mothers contribute more to their academic achievement. The results carry theoretical and practical implications for the development of adolescents, both in China and elsewhere.

What happens when you are not on social networks? A survey among middle-school teens in Switzerland

AimThe aim of the study was to describe the differences between users and non-users of social networks controlling for explanatory factors. MethodsData were drawn from a survey on media and Internet use carried out among 2893 10th graders in Switzerland. Participants were asked whether they were active in 10 different social networks and divided into two groups: Not active (answering no to the 10 networks; n = 176) and Active (answering positively to at least one; n = 2717). The groups were compared on sociodemographic, health, and screen-related variables. All variables significant in the bivariate analysis were included in a backward logistic regression. ResultsThe backward logistic regression revealed that inactive participants were more likely to be males, younger, to live in an intact family, and to assess their screen time as below average, and less likely to practice extracurricular sport, to spend ≥4 h of screen time per day, to be around their smartphone at all times, to have parental rules about Internet content, or to discuss Internet use with parents. ConclusionMost young adolescents use social networks. However, this activity does not seem to be associated with academic problems. Therefore, the use of social networks should not be demonized but considered part of their social life.

Influence of family structure on adolescent deviant behavior and depression: the mediation roles of parental monitoring and school connectedness

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the specific pathway of family structure on adolescent health. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study. MethodsWe examined the influence of family structure on adolescent deviant behavior and depression, as well as the mediation roles of parental monitoring and school connectedness, using the multivariate regression and Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation models. ResultsCompared with adolescents in intact families, those in non-intact families showed more deviant behaviors and depression. Parental monitoring and school connectedness appeared to be two important pathways from family structure to deviant behavior and depression. In addition, urban and female adolescents in non-intact families showed more deviant behaviors and depression than their rural and male counterparts, respectively. Furthermore, adolescents in reconstituted families showed more deviant behaviors than those in single-parent families. ConclusionsThe behavioral and mental health of adolescents in single-parent or reconstituted families deserves more attention, and interventions should be actively conducted at both family and school level to improve adolescent health.

Parental and Peer Violence, Self-Esteem, Self-Control, and Aggressive Adolescent Behavior

Aggressiveness behavior is an act of a person that aims to harm and harm others both verbally and physically. The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of violence perpetrated by parents and peers, self-esteem, and self-control on aggressiveness behavior. This study used a cross-sectional study design with non-probability sampling and voluntary sampling techniques on 120 Vocational School adolescents who have intact families and live together in Bogor City. The data collection uses survey techniques. This study was analyzed using a structural equation model. The results of the study revealed that violence committed by parents and peers has a significant positive direct and indirect influence on the aggressiveness behavior of adolescents. Meanwhile, self-esteem and self-control have a significant negative direct influence on the behavior of aggressiveness. It is hoped that parents and the school can become role models for adolescents and can work together in educating children positively. Online promotion using influencers related to positive parenting needs to be done.

Psychological Well-Being of Students from Intact Families

The purpose of this research is to find out the psychological well-being of the college students of the incomplete family, either because the father died or the parents divorce and didn’t live with the father. In this study, researcher used a qualitative approach focused on a phenomenon, the incomplete family. The subject of this research are three college students who lost their father in death or divorce and every subjects has two significant others or informans. The data collection used semi-structured interview and observation with anecdotal record. The result of this research shows that subject I can emerges five dimensions of psychological well-being which are self acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. Subject II and III they emerge all six dimensions of psychological well-being which are self acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. The factors that affect all three subjects are the same: age, culture, social status, and social support.

Mindful Parenting Group Intervention for Parents of Children with Anxiety Disorders

Parenting behaviour and rearing style contribute to the intergenerational relationship between parental and child anxiety. Current psychological interventions for child anxiety typically do not adequately address parental mental health, parenting behaviours or the parent–child relationship. The current pilot study examines the effectiveness of a mindful parenting intervention (MPI) for parents of young children with clinical anxiety. It was hypothesised that the intervention would be associated with improvements in parental stress, mental health, and mindfulness, and a reduction in child clinical anxiety symptoms. Twenty-one parents of children aged 3–7 years diagnosed with anxiety disorders participated in an 8-week group MPI program that aimed to increase their intentional moment to moment awareness of the parent–child relationship. Parental (anxiety, depression, hostility, stress, burden, mindfulness, mindful parenting) and child (anxiety diagnoses, anxiety severity, comorbidities) outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Parents reported a significant increase in mindful parenting and a significant reduction in parent–child dysfunctional interaction, but no change in mental health symptoms. There was a significant reduction in parent-rated child anxiety symptoms, severity of child anxiety diagnosis and number of comorbid diagnoses at post and 3-month follow-up. Limitations include a lack of waitlist control, small sample size, and participants were largely mothers, from intact families and highly educated. There was attrition of 43% and outcomes were predominantly self-report. MPIs offer a novel and potentially effective method of increasing mindful parenting, decreasing dysfunctional parent–child interactions, reducing parenting stress and might also be an effective early intervention for indirectly decreasing young children’s clinical anxiety symptoms. Larger-scale controlled trials of MPIs are needed.

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF FAMILY DISINTEGRATION ON THE CORRELATION OF MENTAL HEALTH TO LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-EFFICACY OF ADOLESCENTS

The study aims to explore the relationship of mental health to internal locus of control and self-efficacy of adolescents, and further to explore the differential effect of family integration on the relationship.The descriptive correlational study collected data from a random sample of 1246 adolescent learners from different secondary schools of Kerala by administering standardized psychometric instruments.Statistical analysis brought out that both internal locus of control and self-efficacy of the adolescents from broken and intact families are significantly and positively correlated to their mental health.Significant differences were observed between adolescents from broken and intact families with respect to the correlation of mental health to internal locus of control and self-efficacy. Adolescents from broken families excelled their counterparts from intact families in the degree of relationship between the variables.The study revealed that the mental health of adolescents from broken families is more strongly influenced by their internal locus of control and self-efficacy than that of adolescents from intact families.