Insurance Organizations Research Articles

Economic basis of providing of competitiveness of insurance company: methodical and practical aspects

Introduction. The management of economic base ingredients is sent to forming, development and realization of competitive edges and providing of high level of competitiveness of insurance company, that in a result will assist not only the increase of client base of insurers, development insurance to the sector but also bringing in of additional investment resources in a home economy.
 A necessity of providing of high level of competitiveness of domestic insurance companies is in the conditions of active євроінтергації with the use of economic instruments, and also the presence of insufficiently known and debatable questions stipulates actuality of realization of further researches.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is research of methodical and practical aspects of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company and ground of directions of improvement of administrative activity in this sphere.
 Research results. In the article methodical and practical aspects of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company are investigational in a modern market environment. The attention was paid to the study of methodological aspects of evaluation of the level of competitiveness and competitive position of the insurer. Conducted evaluation of indexes of competitiveness from data of IC "Alfa-Garant", allowed to learn the state, dynamics and to define the key measures of increase of level of competitiveness of insurance company.
 On the basis of generalization of results of research of the methodical and practical aspects of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company strategic, operating, financial, investment, innovative and analytical dominants, the totality of that could form a target for the formation of perspective plans of development, control of current situation, implementation of existent obligations.
 Conclusions. Providing of competitiveness of insurance company is possible on condition of system administrative work from a search and optimization of ways of her development. An important role in this process is fixed to analytical work, methods and the receptions of that are various enough, at the same time compatible and not always answer the features of activity of insurance organization that requires the improvement of methodical principles of analytical evaluation of competitiveness of insurance company. Basis of economic base of providing of competitiveness of insurance company are financial resources, the base aspects of management are conditioned that by the normatively-legal base of conduct of insurance business.

Comparative analysis of health system performance in Montreal and New York: the importance of context for interpreting indicators

Although eliminating financial barriers to care is a necessary condition for improving access to health services, it is not sufficient. Given the contrasting health systems with regard to financing and organization of health insurance in the United States and Canada, there is a long history of comparing these countries. We extend the empirical studies on the Canadian and US health systems by comparing access to ambulatory care as measured by hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) in Montreal and New York City. We find that, in New York, ACSC rates were more than twice as high (12.6 per 1000 population) as in Montreal (4.8 per 1000 population). After controlling for age, sex, and number of diagnoses, significant differences in ACSC rates are present in both cities, but are more pronounced in New York. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that universal, first-dollar health insurance coverage has contributed to lower ACSC rates in Montreal than New York. However, Montreal's surprisingly low ACSC rate calls for further research.

INSURANCE BUSINESS AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

The article studies the role of insurance business in the development of national economy. It analyzes figures of insurance market, identifies the acute lines in its development and assesses the current condition of insurance industry. The author shows specific features of the effective Russian practice of protection of insurance service customers’ needs, explains legal innovations in protection of insured rights, puts forward recommendations dealing with high-quality risk management in conditions of digital economy and introduction of advanced system approaches for designing industry standards of insurance service customers’ protection with due regard to regional specificity of entities of the Russian Federation. Parameters of developing the business model of the insurance organization were identified. The author’s idea of the insurance innovation was offered and advantages of its use were demonstrated. On the basis of the analysis of the macro-economic situation on Russian regional insurance market the author assessed the level of insurance development in the territorial aspect. It was proposed to design regional insurance programs for the development of the insurance system, which could foster a rise in economic independence of regions and strengthening of finance market. Specific features of the insurance industry after joining the WTO were shown. The author came to the conclusion about the declining participation of foreign capital in insurers’ authorized capital, which proves a low interest in Russian market on the part of overseas investors. Priority goals aimed at insurance business development according to the Concept of risk-oriented approach, adopted by the Bank of Russia to regulate the Russian insurance sector were set.

THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENT YOUTH TO FAMILY VALUES (CASE STUDY OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION)

Introduction . Nowadays, in the modern world and in Russia, in particular, there are deformations of family institute which cause the concern for demographic situation in the society and social well-being in general. The Government’s measures within youth policy taken for support for young families, promotion of family values and a healthy lifestyle among young citizens are obviously insufficient. Therefore, thorough scientific research of young families’ problems is required in order to provide substantial assistance for them. Methodology and research methods . Analysis of marriage and family attitudes of student youth was carried out on the basis of monitoring materials “Student 1995–2016: The dynamics of socio-cultural development of students of the Middle Urals”. The main method of collecting information was the questionnaire. The sociological toolkit developed by the scientific group “Sociology of Youth” under the auspices of the Department of Sociology and Technologies of the Public and Municipal Administration and Organization of Work with Young People of the Ural federal University was used. Results and scientific novelty . Methodological approaches to the study of family values as guidelines for the formation of a civic culture of youth are investigated. The data of open statistical sources are presented and analysed. It is concluded that the greatest changes have happened in marital status of students over the past two decades. Processing of the monitoring results and questionnaires allowed the authors to reveal new tendencies in perceptions of the matrimonial relations and to clarify the demographic attitudes of young people. The authors have noted outspread of “trial marriages”, growth of number of civil marriages and slight increase in proportion of voluntary childlessness but becoming increasingly widespread among young people today. The objective reason of these phenomena consists in the period of social and economic reforms dragged on over several decades; the spontaneous and unpredictable nature of those reforms have turned the prospects of the family institute to be uncertain and obliged people to strengthen their fears for the future and future of their children, which in turn resulted in complicated decision making on marriage by young people. Besides, aspirations of young people to personal liberty, individual self-affirmation and egocentric pleasure have increased, the consequence of which is unwillingness to be obliged by the family. Practical significance . The research findings and the authors’ conclusions highlight the necessity for correction and reinforcement of actions on the preservation and development of the family institution as well as organization of work insurance of social sustainability of young families.

Qualitative analysis of national documents on health care services and pharmaceuticals` purchasing challenges: evidence from Iran

BackgroundIranian health sector encountered many challenges in resource allocation and health service purchasing during the past decades, the aim of this study was to determine the main challenges of the present process of health service purchasing for national policymakers and other developing countries with the same setting.MethodsIt was a qualitative study carried out via the complete content analysis of all relevant national documents from 2007 to 2014. In order to retrieve the related documents, we searched the official websites related to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, four main Iranian insurance organizations, the Health Committee of the Parliament Profile, strategic vice president’s site and Supreme Insurance Council. After recognition of documents, their credibility and authenticity were evaluated in terms of their publication or adjustment. For the analysis of documents, the four step-Scott method was used applying MAXQDA version 10.ResultsFindings illustrated that health service purchase challenges in the country can be classified in 6 main themes of policy-making, executive, intersectional, natural, legal and informational challenges with 26 subthemes. Furthermore, 5 themes of Basic Benefit Package, Reimbursement,Decision making, Technology and Contract are considered as the main Challenges in pharmaceutical purchasing area containing 13 relevant subthemes.ConclusionsIt seems that according to documents, Iran has faced many structural and procedural problems with the purchase of the best health interventions. So it is highly recommended to consider consequences derived from the present challenges and try to use these evidences in their policy making process to decrease the existed problems and move to better procurement of health interventions.

Évaluation de la prescription du furosémide chez la personne âgée de 75 ans et plus dans un service de gériatrie aiguë

IntroductionFurosemide is very often prescribed in France. It may cause important adverse effects especially in elderly persons. In order to limit its misuse and excessive expenditure for health insurance organizations, the European Society of Cardiology drafted strict guidelines for its prescription. We conducted a study in this population to determine the rate of prescription of furosemide in elderly persons outside the guidelines. MethodThis was a prospective, single-centre, observational study bearing on elderly persons aged 75years and more admitted to a geriatric acute-care unit over a period of 6months. The prevalence of furosemide prescription and the proportion of prescriptions outside guidelines were calculated. The sociodemographic and medical characteristics of patients treated with furosemide were studied as were the modalities of furosemide prescription. ResultsIn the 818 patients hospitalized during the period of the study, 267 were taking furosemide at admission (32.6%). Among these prescriptions, 69.2% were outside the guidelines. Arterial hypertension was the leading indication for furosemide (38.2%), followed by chronic heart failure (24.3%). ConclusionThis study confirmed the high prevalence of furosemide prescription and its misuse. Furosemide is often re-prescribed with no medical re-evaluation.

“The Neurosis That Has Possessed Us”: Political Repression in the Cold War Medical Profession

Political repression played a central role in shaping the political complexion of the American medical profession, the policies it advocated, and those allowed to function comfortably in it. Previous work on the impact of McCarthyism and medicine focuses heavily on the mid-century failure of national health insurance (NHI) and medical reform organizations that suffered from McCarthyist attacks. The focus is national and birds-eye but says less about the impact on the day-to-day life of physicians caught in a McCarthyist web; and how exactly the machinery of political repression within the medical profession worked on the ground. This study shifts orientation by using the abrupt dismissal of three Los Angeles physicians from their jobs as a starting point for exploring these dynamics. I argue that the rise of the medical profession and the repressive state at mid-century, frequently studied apart, worked hand-in-hand, with institutions from each playing symbiotic and mutually reinforcing roles. I also explore tactics of resistance - rhetorical and organizational - to medical repression by physicians who came under attack.

Isolation-based conditional anomaly detection on mixed-attribute data to uncover workers' compensation fraud

The development of new data analytical methods remains a crucial factor in the combat against insurance fraud. Methods rooted in the research field of anomaly detection are considered as promising candidates for this purpose. Commonly, a fraud data set contains both numeric and nominal attributes, where, due to the ease of expressiveness, the latter often encodes valuable expert knowledge. For this reason, an anomaly detection method should be able to handle a mixture of different data types, returning an anomaly score meaningful in the context of the business application.We propose the iForestCAD approach that computes conditional anomaly scores, useful for fraud detection. More specifically, anomaly detection is performed conditionally on well-defined data partitions that are created on the basis of selected numeric attributes and distinct combinations of values of selected nominal attributes. In this way, the resulting anomaly scores are computed with respect to a reference group of interest, thus representing a meaningful score for domain experts. Given that anomaly detection is performed conditionally, this approach allows detecting anomalies that would otherwise remain undiscovered in unconditional anomaly detection.Moreover, we present a case study in which we demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed approach on real-world workers' compensation claims received from a large European insurance organization. As a result, the iForestCAD approach is greatly accepted by domain experts for its effective detection of fraudulent claims.

Dutch Lung Surgery Audit: A National Audit Comprising Lung and Thoracic Surgery Patients

The nationwide Dutch Lung Surgery Audit (DLSA) started in 2012 to monitor and evaluate the quality of lung operations in The Netherlands as an improvement tool. This outline describes the establishment, structure, and organization of the audit by the Dutch Society of Lung Surgeons (NVvL) and the Dutch Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (NVT), in collaboration with the Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing. In addition, the first 4-year results are presented. The NVvL and NVT initiated a web-based registration, including weekly updated online feedback for participating hospitals. Data verification by external data managers is performed on regular basis. The audit is incorporated in national quality improvement programs, and participation in the DLSA is mandatory by health insurance organizations and the National Healthcare Inspectorate. Between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, all hospitals performing lung operations participated, and a total of 19,557 patients were registered from which almost half comprised lung cancer patients. Nationwide the guideline adherence increased over the years, and 96.5% of lung cancer patients were discussed in preoperative multidisciplinary teams. Overall postoperative complications and mortality after non-small cell lung cancer operations were 15.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The audit provides reliable benchmarked information for caregivers and hospital management with potential to start local, regional, or national improvement initiatives. Currently, the audit is further completed with data from nonsurgical lung cancer patients, including treatment data from pulmonary oncologists and radiation oncologists. This will ultimately provide a comprehensive overview of lung cancer treatment in The Netherlands.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MOST OPTIMAL SYSTEM OF INTERACTION OF A LARGE MULTI-FIELD CHILDREN HOSPITAL WITH INSURANCE COMPANIES CONCERNING PROGRAMS OF VOLUNTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE

Actuality of the study. Nowadays, in the Russian Federation, medical organizations have, independently of organizational legal form, a right to provide paid services both to population and legal persons. The purpose is to develop and implement an optimal system of interaction of large multi-type children hospital with insurance organizations. Materials and methods. The process of development of organization of medical services provision was studied within the frameworks of voluntary medical insurance during 2011-2017 in the Z.A. Bashliaeva children municipal clinical hospital. Results. During 2011-2016 an increasing of annual amount of funds received from medical services provision according voluntary medical insurance programs up to 14 times. The experience of optimal interaction of medical organization with insurance companies according voluntary medical insurance programs. Conclusion. It is appropriate to pay a special attention to effective interaction between medical organization and insurance company, to algorithm of functioning of medical organization during qualitative medical care support of children population in conditions of multi-type hospital complex.

Does Job Satisfaction Always Affect Customer Satisfaction?

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction (JS) and customer satisfaction (CS) in the Social Security Insurance Organization (SSIO) in Iran. The statistical population of this research is composed of employees and customers of Tehran SSIO. Two questionnaires were used to measure the variables of the research. A job descriptive index (JDI) & service quality (SERVQUAL) questionnaire are used to measure JS and CS. Data are analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship JS and CS of Tehran Social SSIO (P > 0.05). Among all the research variables, only satisfaction from colleagues, employee satisfaction and satisfaction with management performance were able to predict CS from the services of the SSIO. Service satisfaction and satisfaction from colleagues also have the ability to predict satisfaction with management performance. In the end, only satisfaction with management performance and service satisfaction has been a significant predictor of CS.

Institutional forms and their competitive analysis of organization of insurance activities in Ukraine

Introduction. In the insurance market of Ukraine, there is a need for non-commercial insurance, which does not carry out business activities in favor of shareholders, but implements the principle of collective mutual assistance of insurance participants. Its necessity is determined, first of all, by the possibility at affordable prices to provide real insurance coverage to the general population, agricultural producers, small business representatives, and others like that.
 The development of the strategic development of the work of insurance companies prompts them to rational use of all their resources, in order to increase their efficiency at all stages of development. For this purpose, special methods of strategic management are used, which include the search for economic criteria that provide an objective assessment of the company's activities.
 Thus, conducting this analysis will enable each company to make it competitive on the insurance market.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to reveal and substantiate the institutional forms and perform SWOT analysis to identify the weak and strong points of the organization of the insurance company and the strategic development of insurance activities in general.
 Research results. The article reveals the concept of institutional forms of organization of insurance activity in Ukraine. Conducted competitive analysis (SWOT-analysis) of strategic development of insurance companies and organization of insurance activity in Ukraine. The proposed ways of strategic development, weak and strong forms of organization of insurance activity are revealed.
 Conclusion. Insurance companies have financial institutionalization of their forms of activity. Under this concept is understood the process of consolidation of norms, roles, statuses, rules for bringing and combining them into the insurance system for the ability to act for insurance protection.
 The conducted analysis of the activity of the insurance company, its development strategy provides an opportunity to identify the most promising directions for its development and organization of work. Thus, the identification of weak and strong sides of the company, based on SWOT analysis, positively influences the development of the company's future strategy, its organizational structure, as well as the quality and price of insurance services.

Patient preferences for Interferon-beta in Iran: A discrete choice experiment.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and common disease affecting the central nervous system in young adults. Interferon-beta is one of the most widely used medicines to reduce the disease progression. Given the variety of drugs in this category, we aimed to identify the preferences of patients for IFN-β that play an important role in policymaking in this area. Discrete choice experiment method was used in the present study to identify and prioritize those attributes that are of interest to MS patients and increases the utility of the use of IFN-β in their treatment. Questionnaires were given to 358 patients in Isfahan-Iran, who were asked to choose between the two treatment choices in each scenario. The results of the logit model showed that the changes in the efficacy lead to the most changes in the patient utility. Changes in side effects and ease of injection have been placed in the next rankings. Considering the drug attributes considered more desirable by patients can lead to greater medication adherence and possibly better treatment outcomes. Also, pharmaceutical companies, the health ministry, the Food and Drug Administration, insurance organizations, and neurologists can benefit from this information in production and importation, policymaking, and prescription.

Optimal Risk Transfer: A Numerical Optimization Approach

ABSTRACTCapital efficiency and asset/liability management are part of the Enterprise Risk Management Process of any insurance/reinsurance conglomerate and serve as quantitative methods to fulfill the strategic planning within an insurance organization. A considerable amount of work has been done in this ample research field, but invariably one of the last questions is whether or not, numerically, the method is practically implementable, which is our main interest. The numerical issues are dependent on the traits of the optimization problem, and therefore we plan to focus on the optimal reinsurance design, which has been a very dynamic topic in the last decade. The existing literature is focused on finding closed-form solutions that are usually possible when economic, solvency, and other constraints are not included in the model. Including these constraints, the optimal contract can be found only numerically. The efficiency of these methods is extremely good for some well-behaved convex problems, such as Second-Order Conic Problems. Specific numerical solutions are provided to better explain the advantages of appropriate numerical optimization methods chosen to solve various risk transfer problems. The stability issues are also investigated together with a case study performed for an insurance group that aims capital efficiency across the entire organization.

A trend analysis of surgical operations under a global payment system in Tehran, Iran (2005-2015).

BackgroundGlobal payment system is a first example of per-case payment system that contains 60 commonly used surgical operations for which payment is based on the average cost per case in Iran.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the amount of reduction, increase or no change in the trend of global operations.MethodsIn this retrospective longitudinal study, data on the 60 primary global surgery codes was gathered from Tehran Health Insurance Organization within the ten-year period of 2005–2015 separately, for each month. Out of 60 surgery codes, only acceptable data for 46 codes were available based on the insurance documents sent by medical centers. A quantitative analysis of time series through Regression Analysis Model using STATA software v.11 was performed.ResultsSome global surgery codes had an upward trend and some were downwards. Of N Codes, N83, N20, N28, N63, and N93 had an upward trend (p<0.05) and N32, N43, N81 and N90 showed a significant downward trend (p<0.05). Similarly, all H Codes except for H18 had a significant upward trend (p<0.000). As such, K Codes including K45, K56 and K81 had an increasing movement. S Codes also experienced both increasing and decreasing trends. However, none of the O Codes changed according to time. Other global surgical codes like C61, E07, M51, L60, J98 (p<0.000), I84 (p<0.031) and I86 (p<0.000) shown upward and downward trends. Total global surgeries trend was significantly upwards (B=24.26109, p<0.000).ConclusionThe varying trend of global surgeries can partly reflect the behavior of service providers in order to increase their profits and minimize their costs.

Referral system in rural Iran: improvement proposals.

Because of insufficient communication between primary health care providers and specialists, which leads to inefficiencies and ineffectiveness in rural population health outcomes, to implement a well-functioning referral system is one of the most important tasks for some countries. Using purposive and snowballing sampling methods, we included health experts, policy-makers, family physicians, clinical specialists, and experts from health insurance organizations in this study according to pre-determined criteria. We recorded all interviews, transcribed and analyzed their content using qualitative methods. We extracted 1,522 individual codes initially. We also collected supplementary data through document review. From reviews and summarizations, four main themes, ten subthemes, and 24 issues emerged from the data. The solutions developed were: care system reform, education system reform, payment system reform, and improves in culture-building and public education. Given the executive experience, the full familiarity, the occupational and geographical diversity of participants, the solutions proposed in this study could positively affect the implementation and improvement of the referral system in Iran. The suggested solutions are complementary to each other and have less interchangeability.

Assessing the use of Radio Frequency Identification technologies as an alternative for insurance costs in hospitals.

This research assesses the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technologies as an alternative for insurance costs in hospitals. Despite the advantages of RFID, this technology has not been applied in most hospitals due to implementation costs and amortization of RFID. In this paper, we intend to model the total profit of hospitals in three scenarios namely, application of RFID technology in the hospital, without applying RFID technology in the hospital and insuring patients and equipment in the hospital. We analyzed the aforementioned situations over a period of time to find out how they affect the profit of the hospital. Based on this analysis we concluded that if applying RFID technology is costly, it will be feasible for advanced hospitals with more beds. In the scenario of insuring patients and equipment, if insurance organization takes over a small portion of the cost of the mistakes and oversights, insuring patients and equipment will not be feasible for the hospital, and it is better to apply RFID technology Instead. RFID is among the technologies applied to reduce mistakes of the personnel in hospitals. Moreover, applying this technology has led to a decrease in the number of personnel required in hospitals. This study models total profit of hospitals in three aforementioned scenarios. Based on analyzing these models we conclude that if applying RFID technology is costly, it will be feasible for advanced hospitals with more beds.

DEVELOPMENT OF MIGRATION POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY FROM 2000 UNTIL TODAY

Hearing the words “international migration”, two things might come to our mind. One of them is the emigration process and the other is the wave of refugees. In our study, we examined the changes of the number of employees emigrating from Hungary from 2000 until today. Nowadays, the examination of the migration potential is an important topic in Hungary, since the rate of Hungarian emigrants started to grow after 2006 and the rate of growth became even faster after 2010. The reason of the acceleration was the opening of the Austrian and German labour market. The actuality of the topic is based on the fact that international emigration merges the labour market’s processes, influences the given country’s employment level, moreover it has an influencing role on the rate of wages. Emigration from a given state has several reasons: natural disasters, war, marginalization, economic reasons, etc. In our study, we examine emigration caused by economic reasons. We have to take into consideration that measuring emigration processes is a difficult task, due to the lack of data. The reason of the deficiency is that those who leave the country, often forget to report their leaving. From 1 March 2013, only the permanent foreign settlement should be reported towards the administration (District Office, Consulate). Earlier, temporary (more than 3 months) settlement was also obligatory to be reported. Many of the leaving Hungarians do not report their leaving, however working abroad for more than 3 months should be reported towards social insurance organizations and tax authorities. I would like to emphasise that my migration potential presentation does not show a direct correlation with the actual migration. However, this study might show the expected movement rates and the composition of emigrants.

The challenges of strategic purchasing of healthcare services in Iran Health Insurance Organization: a qualitative study.

BackgroundStrategic purchasing in healthcare services is a key component in improving health system performance, and it has been one of the most important issues in health system reform around the world, especially Europe in the last decade. Iran health system and insurance, although sometimes considered the issue of strategic purchasing goals, has not been made possible to achieve or even to implement, due to the associated problems.ObjectiveTo determine the associated problems of strategic purchasing in the Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO).MethodsThis study is a qualitative study, and framework analysis which was conducted in Iran in 2014–15. The participants in this study were 34 individuals from decision-makers and executives in the IHIO purchasing process, and university experts who have been chosen purposefully. This study conducted frame analysis, by using MAXQDA 10.ResultsThe findings included associated problems of IHIO strategic purchasing in 12 themes and 65 subthemes. The themes included: Laws and regulations for purchasing, Organization of purchasing, Qualified and authorized providers, Right type of services, Right type of contracts, Target groups for purchasing, Resources allocation, financing and pricing system, Purchasing as improving performance and quality, Purchasing as shaping the market and competition, Purchasing as health progress state of people and society, Guided purchasing and stewardship of government, Structure of decision-making process in the health and welfare ministries.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed associated problems in IHIO strategic purchasing. To achieve strategic purchasing goals in Iran, identification of all issues and factors of the total insurers and health system sets which affect strategic purchasing is essential.

Evaluation of medical records maintenance quality in dental medical organizations of Kazan

Цель. Совершенствование контроля качества деятельности стоматологических медицинских организаций при диагностике зубочелюстных аномалий и деформаций.&#x0D; Методы. Ретроспективный анализ оформления медицинских карт ортодонтического пациента в стоматологических медицинских организациях г. Казани.&#x0D; Результаты. Установлено, что наиболее подробно и правильно заполнено всего 30,7% проверенной документации. Информация о полисе обязательного медицинского страхования указана только в 2 картах из всей проверенной документации. Во всех медицинских картах ортодонтического пациента отсутствует код категории льготы. Название страховой организации, к которой прикреплён пациент, зарегистрировано лишь в 2,3% карт. Паспортные данные пациента указаны лишь в 14 (15,9%) картах, а вид оплаты услуг - в 38 (43,2%). Диагноз, установленный направляющей медицинской организацией, указан лишь в 7 (8%) картах. При осмотре зубных рядов пациентов их размеры, а также апикальных базисов челюстей, форма зубных рядов указаны в 40,9% документации. Контакт соседних зубов описан в 36,4% случаев, наличие диастемы между резцами верхней челюсти - в 30,7% медицинских карт ортодонтического пациента. Диастема между резцами нижней челюсти отражена в 25 (28,4%) медицинских картах ортодонтического пациента. По записям в медицинских картах сложно понять, был ли проведён весь необходимый перечень диагностических мероприятий пациенту для подтверждения той или иной ортодонтической патологии. Подобное заполнение медицинской карты ортодонтического пациента порой позволяет экспертам усомниться в правильности постановки диагноза конкретному пациенту.&#x0D; Вывод. Врачи-ортодонты не уделяют должного внимания сбору анамнеза болезни, оценке характера жалоб, а также использованию основных и дополнительных методов обследования пациента.