Insufficient Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

ГОТОВНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНІХ КЕРІВНИКІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ДО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The relevance of this article is determined by the necessity to ensure the competitiveness of educational institutions in the educational services market. Modern challenges require educational institutions to continuously improve their activities. Successful development of an educational institution is possible only through the integration of innovations that stimulate the achievement of its goals and contribute to improving the quality of education for students. This aligns with the interests of Ukrainian society, which, like any other developed society, is interested in a high level of educational services. With the growth of the educational services market and increasing competition, it is important for leaders of educational institutions to focus on searching for and implementing innovative management technologies to secure significant competitive advantages. Thus, the current market conditions and the need for competitive struggle highlight the importance of innovations for leaders, with innovative management technologies becoming key to achieving the goals of the educational institution and enhancing the quality of education. Objective: To analyze the readiness of future leaders of educational institutions to implement and apply innovative management technologies to enhance the competitiveness of their organizations in the educational services market. Methods: Study of scientific sources, legislative and normative-legal documents, surveys and interviews, case studies, SWOT analysis, expert assessments, and modeling. Results: During the study, the readiness of future educational institution leaders to implement innovative management technologies was evaluated; key barriers and challenges faced by future leaders, including limited resources, fear of change, and an insufficient level of knowledge about innovative technologies, were identified. At the same time, positive aspects were also discovered, namely a high level of motivation for learning and improvement, and readiness to introduce innovations to enhance the quality of education and adapt to modern labor market requirements. A comprehensive set of measures to increase the readiness of future leaders for innovation was developed and substantiated. This includes professional development programs, mentorship, and the creation of innovative educational spaces for experimentation and practical application of new approaches. The role of strategic planning in the successful implementation of innovative management technologies was also determined, which involves clear formulation of the mission, vision of the educational institution, as well as the development of specific goals and tasks to achieve defined results. Conclusions: This article examined the readiness of future educational institution leaders to apply innovative management technologies, which is crucial for enhancing competitiveness and the quality of educational services provided. The main barriers and challenges leaders may face when implementing innovations were identified, and methods to overcome these challenges were proposed. Special attention was given to the importance of a systematic approach and strategic planning in the process of adapting and implementing new practices in management. Developed and substantiated recommendations for focusing on innovative management practices include: enhancing the qualifications of future leaders, developing openness to change, and stimulating creativity and innovative thinking. It was determined that the successful implementation of innovative management technologies depends on a comprehensive approach that takes into account the specifics of the educational institution, the readiness of the staff for changes, and the presence of the necessary material and technical base. The findings of the study make it clear that innovative management technologies play a decisive role in forming an effective management model in modern educational institutions. Their implementation not only improves the quality of educational services but also ensures the sustainable development of educational organizations, meeting the challenges of the contemporary dynamic educational environment.

Nurse assistants’ perception of caring for older persons who are dying in their own home

BackgroundAs the proportion of older persons in society increases, there is a growing trend towards providing end-of-life care in their homes. Palliative care is a complex and knowledge-demanding form of care, and nurse assistants are those who work closest to the older person at the end-of-life in their own homes. However, nurse assistants sometimes have low educational and insufficient levels of knowledge in palliative care, which can affect the quality of care they provide. Moreover, nurse assistants’ experiences are relatively unexplored in this context. The purpose of the study was to illuminate nurse assistants’ experiences in caring for dying older persons at home.MethodAn empirical, qualitative interview study was conducted with 14 nurse assistants with experience of palliative care in homecare. The material was analyzed using thematic content analysis.ResultsFrom the nurse assistant’s experiences, one main theme emerged: doing everything possible for the dying older person despite challenges. Moreover, three sub-themes emerged: making a difference at a crucial time, death awakens emotions, and balancing personal and professional relationships. The nurse assistants’ saw their role primarily as relieving symptoms but also focusing on next of kin. The following are described as essential parts of their role: carrying out practical nursing tasks, focusing on the physical environment, working alone and seeking help from colleagues due to a physical distance to the other members of the multidisciplinary team. The nurse assistants experienced a lack of support as there was no structured guidance or debriefing available in difficult emotional situations. Furthermore, they disclosed that they were left alone to deal with their feelings.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that nurse assistants strive to provide comprehensive care for dying older persons despite facing obstacles from their working conditions and work organization. They lack supervision and education in palliative care, but they rely on their experience-based knowledge to a large extent and provide care according to the four cornerstones of palliative care.

Formation of the All-Russian Education System in the field of healthy food of the population

The establishment of the educational cluster “Healthy Eating” in the Russian Federation is based on the Federal State Budgetary Institution’s “Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology” and intended to save the health of children and adults, as it serves as a model for the children’s and adults’ population. The development of different programs for both specialists and the population has been done through various means. It is suggested to concentrate attention on two main areas of activity: educational and outreach. Learning activity in the form of a cluster is shown to create the conditions for the development of an all-Russian system of education in the field of healthy nutrition for the Russian Federation’s population.
 Aim. Development and implementation of a system of federal and regional educational programs for specialists and various groups of the population of the Russian Federation.
 The population of the Russian Federation has an insufficient level of knowledge about healthy nutrition, so about 50% have practically no idea about its rules, 60% of the population do not follow the diet. In connection with the urgency of the problem, an educational cluster was formed on the basis of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology. The resources and qualifications of the cluster members, which combined the scientific potential of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology and the educational opportunities of specialized departments of the country’s leading universities, make it possible to effectively solve the problems that the education system of specialists and the population faces in the field of healthy nutrition. Additional education programs have been developed – advanced training courses, differentiated programs are being created for specialists: nutritionists, doctors, faculty of medical universities, teachers and trainers of sports schools, fitness trainers, food industry workers, graduate students and residents, as well as educational and educational programs for various population groups.
 Taking into account the high efficiency of outreach work, as well as its relatively low cost, in addition to the educational block, an information and educational block has been allocated separately, including with the involvement of public opinion leaders and the media.
 Thus, the establishment of a systematic approach to the education of specialists and the public in the field of healthy nutrition, through management, scientific, methodological, and educational support within the educational cluster, leads to the creation of an all-Russian system of education in healthy nutrition for the Russian population.
 Conclusion. Successful implementation of federal and regional programs of the educational cluster “Healthy Nutrition” is a necessary condition for improving the quality of life and health of the population.

Impact of school lockdown on access to online instruction during the war in Ukraine

AbstractQuarantine measures in connection to the COVID‐19 pandemic challenged the education system in Ukraine, like the education systems of other countries. This manifested over the course of three years in an increased need to develop distance learning online. Also, teacher ability to use digital tools, such as information communication technology (ICT), for instruction online is crucial in wartime circumstances in Ukraine. We describe the effects of school lockdown on teachers in Ukraine and how this affected teacher abilities to use distance instruction online in wartime circumstances. Drawing on a large‐scale survey of 54,254 educators conducted in January–February 2022, we report on challenges and needs identified by teachers in Ukraine. The survey collected responses from teachers and other categories of educators. Our analysis of survey findings focus on key challenges and needs of teachers and schools during the COVID‐19 quarantine. Respondents identified the following challenges: (1) lacking access to ICT equipment; (2) lacking access to stable high‐speed internet; (3) an insufficient level of knowledge and skills in using ICTs (digital competence). The study on which this article reports outlined possibilities for the professional development of teachers in Ukraine, complemented with a teacher self‐assessment of digital competence. The findings demonstrate that methods for organising online education in wartime circumstances in Ukraine benefit from the active interaction of all participants in the education process, their adaptability to changing learning conditions, continued communication about needs, notably teacher abilities to use ICT, and the ICT capacity of institutions.

Global Elimination of HCV-Why Is Poland Still So Far from the Goal?

Eradication of HCV in the global population remains one of the greatest challenges faced by the WHO. An insufficient level of knowledge and the lack of a national screening test strategy are obstacles to HCV eradication. This work aimed to summarize surveys assessing risk factors and awareness of the respondents regarding the prevention and course of HCV infection. The summary also includes the most important European and global attempts at eliminating HCV. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the Mazowieckie district in Poland using anonymous surveys and conducted on people who willingly reported for a test. In the study cohort of n = 7397 adults, there were 5412 women (73.16%). The analysis of the quota sample (n = 1303) reflected the actual proportions in the population of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. Insufficient knowledge about HCV decreases the probability of higher detection of infections, fast diagnostics, and treatment. According to the WHO model, assuming a 90% detection rate and treatment of 80% of infected by 2030, and taking into account 120-150 thousand infected persons in Poland, the number of detections of HCV should be increased 4-5 times and all diagnosed persons should be offered antiviral treatment.

Проєктний аналіз цифрових технологій в управлінні ланцюгом постачань

Most often, the possibilities of the applied digital technologies / tools are not used to their full extent, which is due to either the insufficient level of knowledge and competencies of the staff, or the complexity of the technical program implementation. At the same time, the methodology of digital transformation itself, especially in relation to logistics and supply chain management (SCM), is insufficiently developed, despite the existing works of foreign and domestic specialists in this field. The results of the analysis show the relevance and urgent need for the development of conceptual technological platforms of digital solutions for logistics services in supply chain management at the stage of using artificial intelligence and blockchain technology.
 A study was conducted on the possibility of using promising digital technologies in logistics and ULP, in particular Blockchain (distributed ledger systems), Cloud Services (cloud services), Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) (augmented / virtual reality), Big Data (big data analytics), Predictive Analytics, Industry 4.0 (Robots) and the Internet of Thing. The very procedure of digital transformation of supply chains should include a number of project solutions related to the formation of a communication network structure (Multi Party Net-work), in particular, using blockchain technology, an integrated supply chain planning system, as well as a digital platform for controlling and monitoring events in the chain supplies (Supply Chain Control Tower). Warehouse logistics is an industry that actively implements innovations. To work in the warehouse, special robots with the prefix AGV (literally – automatically controlled vehicle) are used. A project analysis is being conducted on the development of unmanned trucks using the existing developments of unmanned technologies of domestic car manufacturers and prototypes of unmanned cargo vehicles. The necessity of researching the prospects of robotization of warehouse operations and the use of unmanned vehicles (drones and trucks without drivers) in the distribution / delivery of Final Mile Logistics is shown.

Evaluating Junior High School Teachers’ ICT Competences for Technology Integration into Teaching and Learning in Akatsi South Municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana

The study examined the level of Junior High School (JHS) teachers’ ICT knowledge and skills for ICT integration into teaching and learning in Akatsi South Municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana. The study applied a primary cross-sectional quantitative survey research design approach with 164 participants to determine the level of JHS teachers’ knowledge and competences in the use of ICT for personal and instructional purposes. The questionnaire consists of 20 items which was used to elicit information from selected teachers. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that with regard to participants’ digital competences for personal tasks, 19.8% have extremely insufficient, 32.2% have insufficient, 38.5% have sufficient and 9.5% extremely sufficient. In relation to teachers’ knowledge and skills for ICT integration into teaching and learning, 24.5% have extremely insufficient, 36.8% have insufficient, 30.3% have sufficient, and 8.4% have extremely sufficient. In conclusion, majority of participants have insufficient knowledge and skills required for the use of ICT for performance of personal tasks and instructional activities and consequently cannot integrate ICT into teaching and learning or implement it effectively due to their very insufficient or insufficient level of knowledge and skills in the use of ICT.

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN CONSUMPTION BY STUDENTS UNDER STRESS

To preserve and strengthen the health of young people, one of the tasks of the state in the field of healthy nutrition is the development of the production of functional food products enriched with essential water- and fat-soluble vitamins; development of additives of biologically active substances and orientation of higher education to improve the level of education of students of the valeological direction, and the introduction of relevant topics, subjects in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The article is devoted to the problem of monitoring vitamins in the nutrition of student youth in modern conditions. With the help of a questionnaire and a method for determining the content of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in the daily diet, non-compliance with the principles of rational nutrition by full-time students was revealed, which negatively affects their health. For all full-time students, there is a deficiency in the intake of vitamins D 70%, C 62.5%, B9 60% and biotin 74%. The average content of vitamin C in diets for girls is 1.03 times lower than the norm, for boys it is 1.27 times lower than the norm. The intake of vitamins B2, B6, B12 and B5 with diets exceeds the recommended values. The study of the quality of diets of junior students showed that the majority of students have a polydeficient diet, unbalanced in terms of water- and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as a lack of a conscious attitude to nutrition. A low level of skills and abilities of students in organizing their own meals was revealed. An insufficient level of knowledge about proper nutrition is a potential factor in the deterioration of health, the emergence of primary and secondary alimentary diseases, and a decrease in mental performance. The ways of increasing the level of knowledge in practical nutrition of students of higher education and ways of solving the problem of balanced nutrition of students as an effective condition for improving their health as an effective condition for improving their health are proposed. It has been established that one of the priority tasks of our time is to increase the level of education of student youth on healthy nutrition.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community pharmacists toward the management of acne vulgaris in Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, Acne vulgaris is a very predominant ailment and Pharmacists currently have standardized protocols at their disposal for the treatment of acne. Pharmacists often prescribe medications for minor cases of acne. Therefore, this study aimed to explore community pharmacists (CPs)' knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward acne management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among CPs working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January and April 2021, using a self-administered, questionnaire, was divided into four sections that collected information from the CP's Knowledge, attitudes, and practices and the management of acne vulgaris. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 (SPSS). A total of 313 CPs were enrolled in the study who successfully returned the questionnaire. The mean score of knowledge on etiology, pathophysiology, and therapy for AV was 5.3 ± (SD = 1.5). However, the majority of CPs had a moderate level of knowledge (80.8%), followed by mild to moderate (12.8%). This study showed that CPs had an insufficient level of knowledge about ace management, about 6% of CPs have a high level of knowledge. Inadequate knowledge was revealed in their management practice, only 0.3% of CPs treated patients with acne on their own without a referral. In addition, CPs showed a positive attitude toward acne management. There is a need to improve CPs' understanding of acne care and to contribute to participating in organized training sessions on the management of AV.

Unmet clinical needs and challenges in the management of acute leukemia in Turkey: a modified Delphi study.

Aim: To determine the unmet needs and challenges in management, diagnosis, treatment, follow-upand patient-physician communication in acute leukemia (AL). Materials & methods: The study was based on a modified Delphi approach. A questionnaire including the major potential obstacles was circulated twice among 13 hematologists. Results: The obstacles in AL management were limited access to the novel treatments and genetic tests, limited bed capacity, insufficient level of knowledge among allied health personnel, limited availability of psycho-oncological supportand low levels of awareness in the population about the importance of stemcell donation. Conclusion: The challenges in the management of AL are critical to guide the efforts to improve the quality of healthcare delivery and the evidence-based decision making at treatment of AL patients.

Level of knowledge in undergraduate dental students about the prescription of analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics in pediatric dentistry

To determine the level of knowledge about the prescription of analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics in pediatric dentistry of undergraduate dental students. This study was descriptive, transversal and observational. The sample included 84 students. The instrument was a questionnaire validated by expert judgment which contained 22 questions divided into 2 parts, 11 questions on NSAIDs and 11 questions on antibiotics, indicating whether the level of knowledge was adequate or inadequate. The level of knowledge in the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatories in undergraduate students of cycle XII was insufficient (90.5%), followed by 82.9% in cycle X and finally 82.1% in cycle VIII also insufficient. In relation to antibiotics in cycle VIII there was 85.7% insufficient knowledge, in cycle X it was 68.6%, and finally in cycle XII 61.9%, also was insufficient. The undergraduate students presented mostly insufficient level of knowledge in the use of analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics.

Knowledge and practice of graduating students of pharmacy at the Cheikh Anta Diop University relating to antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in 2019 (Senegal)

pharmacy students are future providers of pharmaceutical care and should play a critical role in combating bacterial resistance (BR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of students at the end of pharmacy course relating to BR and antibiotic use. we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study. The study population consisted of students enrolled in Master 2 and PhD in Pharmacy at the Cheikh Anta Diop University over the year 2019. Data were collected between July and October 2019 using an electronic questionnaire whose link was shared through the social network WhatsApp. Knowledge was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale while closed-ended questions were used to determine practice. Descriptive analyses were performed. Factors associated with practice were identified using logistic regression. Analyses were performed using the EPI InfoTM software 7.2.2.16. The significance threshold was set to 0.05. out of 559 eligible students, 278 responded to the questionnaire, reflecting a participation rate of 60.6%. Of these, 72.3% reported having used antibiotics in the 12 months preceding the survey. Regarding knowledge, 85.6% of students surveyed had an adequate level. In addition, 38.2% of students had inadequate practice. These were associated with having a relative or friend as a health worker (OR = 1.69; p-value = 0.04), being a PhD student (OR = 0.55; p-value = 0.02) and having an insufficient level of knowledge (OR = 2.21; p-value = 0.02). this study shows that antibiotic consumption is high among pharmacy students and that their practice is inadequate despite their satisfactory level of knowledge about antibiotics and BR. It is urgent to strengthen the awareness of students and their entourage about good practices concerning antibiotic use.

Patterns of antibiotic use in the population of various regions of the Russian Federation: a qualitative, comparative analysis

Objective. To assess the practice of using antibiotics (AB) by the population of various regions of the Russian Federation (RF), by studying attitudes, behavior and knowledge about AB. Materials and Methods. The survey was conducted from February to June 2022 as part of a multicenter qualitative study in the form of a semi-structured interview among respondents from 18 to 74 years old who used systemic ABs of any group with or without a doctor’s prescription for the treatment of symptoms of a confirmed or probable infectious disease for 3 months prior to the study. Individual inclusion criteria or respondents were developed for each of the participating centers (8 Federal Districts (FD) of the RF, Moscow, St. Petersburg), considering gender, age, education and place of residence to ensure the representativeness of the sample of the general population. Results. The study interviewed 300 respondents. Among them are 151 interviews with respondents who have a prescription for AB. A variety of reasons were identified for which the respondents did not go to the doctor: lack of time, fear of contact with additional infections in health facilities, positive experience with the use of a particular AB, confidence in the free purchase of AB in a pharmacy without a prescription. The data obtained testify to the high level of confidence of the interviewees in the experience and advice of others in the matter of starting AB therapy. A large role in the spread of resistance to AB belongs to the non-compliance of pharmacy workers with the requirements for the prescription sale of AB. As a rule, the respondents had no difficulty in purchasing AB without a doctor’s prescription. Among ABs, combinations of penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors, penicillins, and macrolides were in greatest demand. An insufficient level of knowledge about the mechanism of action and indications for the use of AB was revealed. Data were obtained on the insufficient percentage of coverage of the population with information campaigns on the rational use of AB. A significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an increase in the incidence of AB self-treatment has been demonstrated. Conclusions. The problem of excessive and irrational use of AB among the population in the RF still exists despite the ongoing measures. A lack of knowledge about antibiotics and low awareness of the problem of antimicrobial resistance were identified, and factors contributing to self-medication were identified. The data obtained can serve as a basis for the development of future initiatives to ensure the proper use of AB and, therefore, help to reduce the rate of selection of resistant microorganisms in the regions of the RF.

The problems of legal regulation of the prosecutor's participation in the civil process

The article studies actual problems of legal regulation of prosecutor’s participation in civil procedure, analyses court practice of national courts and European Court of Human Rights. The author points out at the collisions of current legislation of Ukraine regarding legal regulation of prosecutor’s participation in court procedure. The article analyses special decisions of European Court of Human Rights in the context of prosecutor’s protection of person’s interests providing civil proceedings and necessity to follow the principle of equality of all participants in the trial and ensuring fair consideration and resolution of civil cases. In the article a special attention is paid to issues of ensuring of procedural balance of equality of all participants in the trial according to the provisions of Civil Procedure Code Of Ukraine taking into consideration that participants have no right to declare recusal of the prosecutor, insufficient level of knowledge in the sphere of law in comparison with prosecutor and extended amount of prosecutor’s possibilities concerning collection and providing evidences to the court in civil cases, and issue of enforcement of separate court ruling in the case of improper performance of professional obligations or other violation of the law by prosecutor. The author emphasizes that legally defined list of persons, whose interests can be protected in civil procedure by prosecutor doesn’t contain adult capable persons who may require such defense due to old age or disability. The author studies conflicts between provisions of the Law of Ukraine on the Public Prosecutor’s Office and Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding intervention in a case, in which the proceedings have been initiated upon a claim of another person. The author comes to conclusion about expediency of legal universalization and harmonization, consideration of European lawmaking and court institute’s recommendations and consequently amendments to current provisions of the Law of Ukraine on the Public Prosecutor’s Office and Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine in order to facilitate enforcement of compliance with the principles of civil proceedings - equality of all participants in the trial under the law and before the court, adversarial character of the parties and supporting of fair consideration of civil cases with the participation of prosecutor.

The knowledge levels of midwifery students on contraceptive methods: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundEffective contraceptives used correctly offer many benefits to both women's and children's health. However, public data reports that the rate at which women use an effective contraceptive method is still insufficient. Midwives, including the students, have an essential role in contraceptive counselling so there is a need to determine midwives' knowledge level on contraceptives. ObjectiveTo evaluate midwifery students' knowledge levels of contraceptive methods. DesignCross-sectional and descriptive study. SettingsOnline survey. Participants290 midwifery students who met the inclusion criteria. MethodsThe study was conducted between December 2020-March 2021 through Sociodemographic Form and Contraceptive Methods Information Form. ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 20.93 ± 1.97. There were 7.72 ± 3.21 correct answers to 15 questions measuring knowledge level of contraceptive methods. The most known modern contraceptive method was the condom, and the most known traditional method was the calendar method. 59.7 % of the participants considered the post-coital contraceptive method as a family planning method. The knowledge level on contraceptives of students who had not received prior training before was lower; and the knowledge level of students who received information about contraceptives through their courses in the curriculum was higher than those who learned from other sources. The level of knowledge increased as age and grade increased. ConclusionsMidwifery students had insufficient level of knowledge about contraceptives. Since midwifery students play an active role in family planning, interventions are necessary to deliver more detailed and accurate information about contraceptive methods.

Determination of Fever Management and Rational Drug Use of Mothers with Children Under Six Years Old

Background: Fever is one of the most common problems of childhood, which worries mothers. An insufficient level of knowledge about when and how to intervene in fever causes children to be exposed to inadequate and/or wrong practices and to use unnecessary or improper doses of antipyretics and antibiotics Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the fever management and rational drug use of mothers with children under six years old. Material and Method: The research is of descriptive type. It was conducted with 276 mothers between January and March 2021.Introductory Information Form, Parental Fever Management Scale (PFMS) and Rational Drug Use Scale (RDUS) were used. The data were analyzed by number and percentage distribution, mean standard deviation, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis and correlation test. Results: It was determined that 25% of the mothers participating in the study were 30 years old and younger. The mean total score for PFMS is 28.71±3.86; RDU scale is 39.28±3.18. There was a statistically significant difference between the mothers taking their children to the doctor to fever, the children being hospitalized due to high fever before, the children having convulsions due to fever, and measuring the fever of the children when they got a fever, and the total score of the parental fever management scale. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the education level of the mothers, the place of residence, income level, and the total score of the rational drug use scale and getting information from someone when fever occurred. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, It was determined that the mothers had good fever management and had rational knowledge of drug use. In addition, mothers' education level, place of residence, income level and the fact that they receive information from someone during febricity increase the knowledge of rational drug use. Therefore, it can be suggested that education programs for mothers on fever management and rational drug use.

WAYS OF ENRICHING STUDENTS' FOOD DIETS WITH BIOGENIC ELEMENTS

To preserve and strengthen the health of young people, one of the tasks of the state in the field of healthy nutrition is the development of the production of functional food products enriched with the necessary macro- and microelements; development of supplements of biologically active substances and orientation of higher education to increase the level of valeology students, and introduction of relevant topics and subjects into the educational process of higher educational institutions. The article is devoted to the problem of monitoring chemicals in the nutrition of student youth in modern conditions. With the help of a questionnaire and the method of determining the content of micro- and macroelements in the daily diet, non-compliance with the principles of rational nutrition by full-time students was revealed, which negatively affects their health. For all full-time students, there is a deficit of iodine consumption, a deficit of 50.2% of phosphorus, 64.7% of zinc, and 56.2% of chromium. The average content of calcium in daily rations was less than recommended by approximately 1.7 times for girls and 1 .95 times for young men, and calcium deficiency was found in 97.9% of students, and magnesium deficiency in 82.4%. The intake of Ferrum, Manganese, Selenium and Copper with food rations exceeds the recommended values. The study of the quality of the diets of junior year students showed that the majority of students have a polydeficient, unbalanced diet in terms of micro- and macroelements, as well as a lack of a conscious attitude to nutrition. A low level of students' abilities and skills in organizing their own food was revealed. An insufficient level of knowledge about proper nutrition is a potential factor in the deterioration of health, the occurrence of primary and secondary alimentary diseases, and a decrease in mental capacity. Ways to increase the level of knowledge of practical nutrition of higher school students and ways to solve the problem of balanced nutrition of students as an effective condition for improving their health as an effective condition for improving their health It was established that one of the priority tasks today is to increase the level of education of student youth on healthy nutrition.

Teachers’ knowledge on caries aetiology and prevention – a pilot survey

Introduction. Education conducted by teachers, who should have up-to-date knowledge of the aetiology and prevention of caries, plays an important role in shaping dental health behaviours and attitudes in children. Aim. To assess the knowledge of primary school teachers on the aetiology and prevention of caries. Material and methods. Online surveys were conducted among primary school teachers in 10 voivodeships as part of the “Monitoring the oral health of the Polish population in 2016-2020” programme. The survey assessed the respondents’ knowledge of the aetiology of caries in children, as well as the benefits of dental care and caries prevention. Results. A total of 55 primary education teachers participated in the study. Most of the respondents pointed to bacteria (92.7%), sugar (96.4%) and their combination (98.2%) as aetiological factors of caries. Regular dental check-ups and tooth brushing were reported as preventive factors by all teachers. A total of 85.5% of respondents indicated the use of dental floss and only 74.5% knew the preventive effect of fluoride compounds. Participation in training courses on the prevention of oral diseases was declared by 23.6% of respondents, and 45.5% of teachers conducted classes on oral health among students in the past. Conclusions. The insufficient level of knowledge among Polish teachers about the aetiology and prevention of dental caries indicates the need for their substantive training so that they can conduct pro-health education for children. Studies in a larger group is needed to identify their educational needs.

Promising Forms of the Growth of Socio-Political Activity of the Youth in Modern Russian Region

The article deals with the problem of the socio-political activity of young people in modern Russia and its civic position. Regional experience is analyzed on how to politically activate the youth. On the example of the Belgorod region, the forms of the growth of the socio-political activity of young people, including youth representation and youth public associations, are considered. Much attention is paid to the professional education of political science students as the most socially and politically active part of the student body, to the areas of prevention of destructive political behaviour. Problems are identified that impede the socio-political activation of young people, primarily students who are not political scientists, students of colleges, lyceums, colleges and schools. Among the problems are an insufficient level of knowledge about political life, a low level of awareness of ongoing political events, and an unformed civic position. Promising, in the author’s opinion, forms of growth of social and political activity of young people with interest and leadership qualities are proposed - participation in the activities of youth parliaments, youth governments, youth election commissions, specialized political science clubs. There is a need for mass political education and prevention of destructive political activity among the youth.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis: literature review and case report

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare disease, its diagnosis has certain difficulties. This is due to the absence of characteristic etiological factors and clinical manifestations of PVNS, as well as the insufficient level of knowledge among doctors. The article presents a review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of PVNS, as well as a clinical case, which peculiarity is the late diagnosis of this disease, despite the presence of its certain clinical and morphological manifestations.