Development Of Instrument Research Articles

A Chlorine based detector (LaCl3(Ce)) for 2.5 MeV neutron spectroscopy in deuterium nuclear fusion plasmas with enhanced particle discrimination algorithm

Abstract Neutron Emission Spectroscopy is an effective nuclear fusion plasma diagnostics technique for diagnosing the fuel ion populations on fusion plasma experiments. The state of the art 2.5 MeV neutron spectrometer for deuterium plasmas is based on the time of flight (TOF) technique, which however requires the development of large scale instruments. In the last years, compact detectors made with Chlorine based scintillators have been explored. In these instruments, neutron detection is based on the 35Cl(n,p)35S nuclear reaction, which results in a Gaussian peak in the recorded neutron energy spectrum. In this context, one option is offered by CLYC scintillators, which have the drawback of a limited counting rate capability (a few tens of kHz). Another option is offered by the LaCl3:(Ce) scintillators, which combine a comparable energy resolution and, most importantly, a faster signal (<1 μs) enabling measurements at higher counting rates. On the other hand, LaCl3 has a more challenging particle discrimination. The standard method based on pulse shape analysis provides a limited particle identification and poses restrictions in the counting rate capability of the instruments. An innovative particle identification algorithm based on Fourier Transforms has been developed providing higher accuracy and effectiveness. In this paper, we present the performance of a 2.5 MeV neutron spectrometer based on a LaCl3 scintillator in terms of pulse shape discrimination and energy resolution. Results are used to discuss their use for neutron spectroscopy applications in tokamak plasmas.

Development of a Large-Aperture Coordinate Precision Measurement Instrument Using Differential Geometric Error Weighting

The accuracy of traditional measuring machines is affected by the measuring range and sensitive geometric errors, and it is not possible to combine large caliber and high-precision measurements. This study proposes a differential geometric error-weighting method for designing a high-precision, large-diameter measuring machine. The machine utilized a zero-Abbe arm structure and applied the rigid body theory and small-angle hypothesis to model geometric errors. Weights were calculated for 23 geometric errors, identifying eight sensitive ones. A picometer-precision laser interferometer (quDIS) with a theoretical positioning accuracy of 0.2 nm/mm and standard flat rulers are used to ensure highly accurate positioning of the Y-axis/Z-axis of the measuring platform and reduce the straightness of both axes by approximately 75%, with radial and axial runout of the rotary table under 100 nm. The development and design method of the high-precision measuring machine proposed in this study is applicable to large-diameter high-precision flexible measurement, and the accurate control of measuring machine movement accuracy is realized by calculating the geometric error weights.

Language and parental satisfaction during inpatient stay: A pilot survey study in a quaternary pediatric hospital.

Considering the significant volume of non-English speakers seeking medical care in the United States and the challenges they may encounter within the hospital environment, it is necessary to assess the satisfaction of non-English-speaking families during their hospital stays and to determine potential areas of improvement in order to optimize care. We aimed to evaluate and describe the satisfaction of Arabic-, Spanish-, and English-speaking families at a quaternary pediatric hospital. From the measures assessed, we sought to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of the inpatient experience for families who spoke different languages. In doing so, we aimed to identify ways to improve the hospital experience for patients and their families. We created a 23-item satisfaction questionnaire that was vetted by the hospital's Global Services Department, professionally translated into Arabic and Spanish, and tested by native speakers. The survey contained questions pertaining to parent/guardian demographics, their experience with the hospital environment, and their care team or services. Using the questionnaire, we surveyed Arabic-, Spanish-, and English-speaking parents/guardians of post-procedural patients under 18 years of age in intensive care units (ICUs) and on inpatient floors. A total of 162 surveys were collected with roughly equal distribution across the three language groups (52 Arabic, 53 Spanish, 57 English). We found no statistically significant difference in satisfaction scores across the three language groups, nor across self-reported English-proficient and non-English-proficient Arabic and Spanish respondents. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction between parents/guardians in ICUs and those on inpatient floors. This pilot survey suggests that inclusivity and availability of interpretation resources play a role in successfully creating an environment where both English and non-English speakers are satisfied. Further development and validation of the survey instrument should be performed, along with testing at other institutions.

Shared decision-making in long-term care: A systematic review of assessment instruments

This systematic review explored the instruments used to measure Shared Decision Making (SDM) within long-term care (LTC) settings. Relevant publications from the period between January 2000 and October 2022 were searched across five databases. Thirty-six SDM assessment instruments were identified, which encompassed those measuring SDM for LTC recipients/family caregivers and/or healthcare providers. These instruments were either specifically tailored for LTC settings or more broadly applicable across healthcare contexts, including LTC. In terms of psychometric properties of the instruments, internal consistency reliability, content validity, structural validity, and hypothesis testing were commonly tested. The findings of this research can aid health researchers, managers, and scholars in choosing suitable instruments for assessing SDM in specific LTC scenarios, considering factors such as measurement scope, assessment methods, and instrument reliability. Additionally, these findings offer valuable insights for the future development of high-quality SDM assessment instruments in LTC field.

Some hope for a dimensional assessment? A critical review of psychometric validated (semi-)structured interview to assess eating disorders.

Given that eating disorders (EDs) are considered one of the deadliest mental illnesses, the development of appropriate assessment instruments is a necessity. Despite the extensive literature on assessing EDs, there has been a lack of focus on semi-structured interviews. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of psychometrically validated semi-structured interviews for EDs. Included studies (N=24) were required to present a semi-structured interview for EDs that has been validated through a psychometric process. The APA PsycNet, MEDLINE, APA Psycinfo, Pubmed, and Health & Psychosocial Instruments databases were searched. The literature search included publications through May 2024, with no earliest year restriction. A total of six instruments were identified and reviewed in terms of conceptual design, purpose and content, psychometric characteristics, and strengths and limitations. Three main findings were highlighted: (a) only half of the instruments are up to date; (b) the instruments are based on either a categorical or a mixed categorical-dimensional approach; and (c) the predominance of the categorical approach. The results are discussed regarding the conceptual approaches of the instrument to provide clinical and research implications. Despite the many strengths of the instrument, additional psychometric research is needed.

Proteomics Can Rise to the Challenge of Pseudogenes' Coding Nature.

Throughout the past decade, technological advances in genomics and transcriptomics have revealed pervasive translation throughout mammalian genomes. These putative proteins are usually excluded from proteomics analyses, as they are absent from common protein repositories. A sizable portion of these noncanonical proteins is translated from pseudogenes. Pseudogenes are commonly termed defective copies of coding genes unable to produce proteins. Here, we suggest that proteomics can help in their annotation. First, we define important terms and review specific examples underlining the caveats in pseudogene annotation and their coding potential. Then, we will discuss the challenges inherent to pseudogenes that have thus far rendered complex their confidence in omics data. Finally, we identify recent developments in experimental procedures, instrumentation, and computational methods in proteomics that put the field in a unique position to solve the pseudogene annotation conundrum.

Development of Essential Thinking Test Instrument using the Presseisen Taxonomy on Ecosystem Material for Grade X High School Students

The test instrument is a measuring tool in the assessment process used to obtain information in the form of data on student learning outcomes, both cognitive aspects and thinking skills. The use of test instrument to measure students' thinking skills is still rarely used. This study aims to develop an essential thinking test instrument using the Presseisen taxonomy on valid and reliable ecosystem material. This research uses the Research Development (RD) method with the 3D modified development model combined with the test development stages consisting of 6 stages. Data collection in this research was carried with interviews, tests, and test instrument validation sheets. The analysis included content validity analysis, interrater reliability, and Rasch model analysis. The results showed that all items were valid based on content validity. Interrater reliability has a value of 0.783 with a good category. All items are declared fit, but item number 7 contains bias so it needs to be discarded. Cronbach's alpha has a value of 0.68 in the enough category, person reliability has a value of 0.50 in the weak category, and item reliability has a value of 0.99 in the excellent category. The item difficulty level group consists of 2 very difficult questions, 4 difficult questions, 2 easy questions, and 2 very easy questions. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that there are 9 items that are declared valid and reliable for use.

음악교과 플라스틱 재질의 악기 사용에 대한 초등교사의 인식 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary school teachers' perception of plastic musical instruments used in music classes in a situation where the need for carbon neutrality is emerging as part of global efforts to respond to environmental pollution and the climate crisis through education for sustainable development. For this purpose, 111 teachers working in elementary schools were surveyed on their concepts and practice of sustainable development and carbon neutrality, as well as their perception of plastic musical instruments used in music classes. As a result of the analysis, First, 88.2% (98 teachers) of elementary school teachers understood the concepts of sustainable development, climate/ecological environment, and carbon neutrality, and 70.3% (78 teachers) of teachers responded that they reflected related content in class. Additionally, 91.0% (101 teachers) of teachers responded that they were well aware of microplastics, which are becoming a major issue in the environmental field, and that 90.0% (100 teachers) had a high correlation with plastic products. Second, 89.2% (99 teachers) of teachers responded that there were plastic musical instruments at school, and 86.5% (96 teachers) of teachers responded that they had experience using plastic instruments during music classes. Third, recorders, melodeons, and dansowere found to be the most commonly used plastic musical instruments during music classes. Fourth, in response to the use of plastic musical instruments during music classes, 73.0% (81 teachers) of teachers said they were concerned, and 72.0% (80 teachers) of teachers responded that there was a high possibility of inhaling microplastics when holding plastic instruments such as recorders or danso in the mouth. Fifth, the reasons for using a lot of plastic musical instruments were economic feasibility, portability, and ease of storage, and respondents answered that the most necessary things when using instruments made of eco-friendly materials are financial support and the development of eco-friendly instruments. Lastly, the personal opinions of elementary school teachers can be divided into finance, teaching, and research, and there were responses that above all, a change in teachers' perception was needed.

Development of Assessment Instruments with a Contextual Approach to Determine the Profile of Conservation Education and Learning Independence on Biodiversity

Conservation education is one of the noble values that must be preserved and students can maintain the sustainability of biodiversity around them. This study aimed to develop an assessment instrument to determine the profile of conservation education and learning independence on biodiversity. This type of research is R D with a 4-D model. The population of the study is all students of grade 10 of State Senior High School 1 Godean and the samples used are grade 10D and 10F. The data collection technique used a five-question essay instrument sheet to determine conservation education and a Guttman scale questionnaire instrument to determine learning independence. The analysis technique used descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results of this study were that the instrument was said to be good with revisions according to the construct validator. The validity of the question items showed that the essay questions were said to be valid, reliable, had a discriminatory power between good enough, and the difficulty level ranged from easy to moderate according to the empirical validator. The value of students' conservation education fell into the good category with a complete value achievement of 73%. Students' learning independence is also classified as very high, because all indicators are dominated by very high indicators. These results indicate that the profile of conservation education and learning independence of students at State Senior High School 1 Godean is classified as good and very high

Development and validation of a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) questionnaire for healthcare professionals on environmental sustainability in healthcare in Southern Africa

Background Global environmental degradation is increasingly driving poor health outcomes worldwide. Healthcare systems and services are often not environmentally sustainable and compound the problem, while healthcare professionals are also recognised as key leaders in advancing sustainable healthcare. To adopt this leadership position, healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding environmental sustainability in healthcare must be established. This article reports the development and validation of a new instrument for this purpose that corresponds to the specificities of the Southern African context. Methods Questionnaire development followed a seven-stage process. Information was obtained from a 2021 study titled ‘South African Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare: A Mixed-Methods Study’ to develop the instrument. Information was also sourced from the literature regarding environmental sustainability and healthcare to generate the first questionnaire with 29 items. The following stages included two rounds of expert input, separated by a pilot study with the target population to receive feedback regarding the instrument’s structure, relevance, and length. Content validity was determined through statistical analysis. Results Feedback was received from nine experts in stage two and 13 pilot-study participants in stage four and incorporated to improve the questionnaire. In stage six, the questionnaire was rated by seven experts. The content validity index of the questionnaire was calculated at two different stages, after which the indices were compared. Following a final edit, the questionnaire has 24 questionnaire items. The closing analysis calculated the scale content validity index average (S-CVI/Ave) of 0,922; this indicates that the final questionnaire has excellent content validity. Conclusion A questionnaire that assesses the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals regarding environmental sustainability in Southern Africa has been developed and validated. This questionnaire can now be used for further studies in Southern Africa.

Development, Content Validity and Usability of a Self-Assessment Instrument for the Lifestyle of Breast Cancer Survivors in Brazil

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally, and it negatively impacts diet and quality of life, increasing the risk of recurrence. Adhering to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) lifestyle guidelines, such as healthy eating habits and nutritional status, can help in primary and secondary cancer prevention. However, no questionnaire was found for self-assessment of these guidelines for the Brazilian population. The aim of this study is to carry out content validity, pilot, and usability testing of the self-administered digital instrument “PrevCancer” assessing adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations in Brazilian female breast cancer survivors. Methods: We conducted a psychometric study that involved the development of an instrument based on WCRF/AICR recommendations. Assessment of content validity involved the Content Validity Index (CVI) based on expert assessments (n = 7). The pilot study involved the System Usability Scale (SUS) after applying the developed instrument (n = 65) and anthropometric assessment for convergent validity by female participants (n = 55). The final usability test consisted of evaluating the satisfaction with the instrument of women with breast cancer (n = 14). Results: The “PrevCancer” instrument demonstrated good content (CVI = 1.0) as well as good usability and acceptability in the pilot study (mean SUS score = 88.1). The convergent validity stage demonstrated positive associations between the PrevCancer parameters and anthropometric parameters (p < 0.001). In the final usability study (mean SUS score = 90.3), participants’ receptivity to the instrument was excellent. Conclusions: The PrevCancer instrument had valid content and great usability by the target population, proving to be a useful tool for future cancer research.

Instruments for the assessment of quality of life in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a scoping review

The construct of quality of life (QoL) includes aspects of health and well-being of people. Down syndrome [DS] or trisomy 21 is one of the most common congenital anomalies. DS is characterized by motor and cognitive alterations that affect health and QOL of both the child and caregiver.In pediatrics, there are various instruments to assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and QoL. The advantage of these instruments is that they can be implemented in any type of disease and population in general. However, they may have certain disadvantages, such as the difficulty in evaluating specific aspects of each disease or condition related to Down syndrome. The aim of this study was to identify 1: instruments used to assess quality of life in children with Down syndrome. 2: psychometrics properties of instruments validated in children with Down syndrome to assess quality of life.Methods A Scoping review was conducted to identify instruments used in children and adolescents with Down syndrome, and a second systematic searched psychometric properties of these instruments. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos and other sources were explored with a search strategy that included keywords such as “Down syndrome,” “Quality of life” or “Life Quality,” “Health-Related Quality of Life” and psychometrics properties. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the COSMIN (Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) methodology.Results Twenty-seven studies were selected that used twelve instruments to evaluate quality of life in children or adolescents with Down syndrome. Two of the twelve evaluated quality of life and ten health-related quality of life. In the second search, ten studies reported the psychometric properties of six instruments evaluated in minors with Down Syndrome.Conclusion There is limited information available regarding the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess quality of life, particularly health-related quality of life. Commonly employed instruments in this area include the PedsQL 4.0 and KIDSCREEN. Notably, while the PedsQL 4.0 lacks specific evaluation in children with DS, data from KIDSCREEN assessments are inconsistently reported. Rigorous evaluation of the performance of Kidslife and Kidslife Down in clinical settings is necessary, or the development of new instruments tailored for children with DS is warranted to comprehensively assess quality of life in clinical settings.

Revising the Original Antonovsky Sense of Coherence Concepts: A Mixed Method Development of the Sense of Meaning Inventory (SOMI)

Trauma recovery research requires the development of instruments that capture gender-based violence (GBV) survivor recovery phases. The salutogenic concepts in Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence (SOC) (manageability, comprehensibility, and meaning) could help capture trauma recovery stages, but the factorial structure of the SOC-13 has remained problematic. Moreover, most SOC revisions generally abandon the original intent of the SOC-13, developing scales that capture essential but different aspects of positive psychology. This study used mixed methods to develop the Sense of Meaning Inventory (SOMI), preserving the original concepts but updating the language, removing cultural idioms, and revising the response scales to stabilize the subscales. The qualitative phase evaluated and updated the items of the scale while retaining the original concepts. The quantitative phase conducted a two-sample psychometrics reliability and validity evaluation of the new scale with GBV survivors, finding a three-factor solution. This scale may be more amenable for international research and theory testing in GBV and other health conditions.

Attitudes, fears and experiences of medical scientists towards using AI tools in their work routine

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced an explosive growth in the healthcare sector and the scientific field. Large Language Models (LLMs) are investigated as potential tool to be used in medical treatment, by e.g. producing doctor’s reports, supporting personalized medicine or educating patients. However, limitations are broadly discussed addressing patient safety and ethical concerns due to false and misleading content. Therefore, LLMs face criticism among users not only towards their integration in the patient-provider-interaction, but also in its use in medical research and health care education. In the ongoing EXPOLS (Exploring the Potential of LLMs in Statistical Consulting) study, we address the question ‘What are the attitudes, fears and experiences regarding the integration of AI tools in the clinical/scientific work routine?’ Methods We implemented an online survey that will be accessible in 07/2024. All employees at the University and Medical Center Freiburg will be asked to participate in the survey via online media. We expect a sample size of n = 600-1,200. The survey combines published measurements (e.g. TRI 2.0, result expectation measure), as well as a self-designed instrument with 15 items aiming to measure fears and attitudes towards AI. Latter was developed within a multidisciplinary team making use of ChatGPT as item generator. We will investigate its psychometric properties using exploratory factor analysis and describe distribution characteristics. Results At the time of the conference, the project will be completed and both psychometric insights and content-related results will be reported. The results could have important public health implications, since attitudes towards AI will steer its integration in the medical and clinical routine. Conclusions The EXPOLS study makes a current inventory among medical scientists in Freiburg following a modern approach in instrument development by including ChatGPT as collegial advisor. Key messages • This study explores attitudes, fears and experiences towards the integration of AI tools in the work routine from medical and scientific staff at the University of Freiburg. • The findings might be crucial in determining the integration of AI based tools in the medical and clinical work routine.

НАСТОЛНА КНИГА ПО СЪВРЕМЕННИ ПРОАКТИВНИ ПУБЛИЧНИ ПОЛИТИКИ ЗА НАМАЛЯВАНЕ НА БЕДНОСТТА В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Recently, the Publishing Complex - UNWE made available the interesting study of Dr. Ralitsa Veleva "Proactive Public Policies for Poverty Reduction". This monograph deserves attention mainly due to the still existing deficit in Bulgaria of complex analyses on the development and implementation of proactive public policies for poverty reduction. The work of the young author breaks the tradition in the Bulgarian social space to discuss extensively and in priority "welfare", and its antipode "poverty" - only as incidental touches and by the way. And it is brazenly "present on the table" of a significant part of the population, which lives this ingrained scarcity as its own social drama. What is clearly needed is, first, a professional identification of the level and trends of poverty in the country, and second, the development and implementation of credible radical instruments for its definite mitigation and containment.

Participative development of a culture-sensitive instrument to measure substance use in Syrian refugees

Abstract Background Rarely assessment instruments have been developed with end users such as refugees or those suffering from mental health conditions. Refugees’ experiences pre-, during, and post-flight are associated with various mental health problems including substance use disorders. Systematic reviews on the prevalence of substance use disorders in refugees worldwide show heterogeneous results. To address possible misclassification due to the lack of refugee-sensitive instruments we aimed to develop a refugee-sensitive instrument. Methods We applied a three-step triangulation study design. First, we conducted a three-stage delphi-process in 2019 and 2020. We recruited Syrian medical doctors for the study. Second, we conducted six focus group discussions with Syrian refugees and medical doctors. Third, we conducted expert checks with medical doctors and professionals providing psycho-social services for refugees. For all focus group discussions, audio recordings were translated and transcribed. Computer-assisted thematic analysis was performed applying a deductive approach with semantic coding. Results The refugee-sensitive instrument consists of seven domains of substance use: lifetime use of relevant types of substances, frequency, intensity, self-perception of, and situations posing a risk for substance use, ability to perform, craving, tolerance, and intentions to reduce or quit substance use. Discussion The instrument has been developed qualitatively, however, a limitation is that it could not be validated in a quantitative large sample of refugees. In spite of this limitation, this is - to the best of our knowledge - the first instrument that has been developed in a participatory approach together with end-users. Outlook The study suggests that developing assessment instruments in a participatory approach is feasible. Participatory development of assessment instruments is in line with the new paradigm of co-creation of mental health conditions management.

Development of a Green Banking and Green Financing Practice Model for Enhancing Sustainability Development Goals (SDGS)

Objective: This study is to investigate a green banking model based on green banking practices, green financing, and green environment to enhance sustainability development goals (SDGs). Theoretical Framework: The research focuses on developing green banking and financing practices to improve environmental performance in the Indonesian banking sector. Green Banking emphasizes sustainability in banking operations and products, while Green Financing promotes funding environmentally friendly projects. The study also draws on Stakeholder Theory, highlighting that banks are accountable to a wide range of stakeholders. Method: The research stages include the development of instruments, questionnaire distribution, data collection, and data processing using a sample of 54 respondents, selected using convenience sampling. Data testing and processing were carried out using SmartPLS software. Results and Discussion: The analysis of banking employees and practitioners revealed that Banks' Customer-Related Practices (BCRP), Employee-Related Practices (BERP), and Operation-Related Practices (BORP) positively impact Green Environment Performance (GEP), whereas Banks' Policy-Related Practices (BPRP) do not. Additionally, while BCRP, BERP, and BORP showed no significant influence on Green Financing (GF), BPRP demonstrated a notable positive effect on Green Financing (GF). This result also show that Studies on Bank’s customer behavior change towards sustainability and its influence on the SDGs. Research Implications: Banks can implement specific green practices to improve their sustainability development goals (SDGs). The study reinforces Sustainability Theory by highlighting the importance of balancing environmental, social, and economic concerns in banking operations, confirming the need for a "Triple Bottom Line" approach in business models. Originality/Value: The originality of the research is demonstrated through its Studies on Bank’s customer behavior change towards sustainability and its influence on the SDGs by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives.

Authentic Assessment Instrument on Redox Reactions to Assess Students’ Cognitive Skills

Authentic assessment is an assessment approach that enable students to demonstrate in-depth understanding and solve complex problem using systematic thinking skills, but teachers find it difficult to develop due to limited knowledge and time. The aim of this research is to produce an authentic assessment instrument for redox reaction materials; determine the characteristics, quality, and feasibility. The instrument development model used was a combination of Oriondo & Dallo-Antonio with Cohen Swerdlik. The development stages were assessment planning, instrument construction, and product testing. The research subjects were 155 of 10th-grade students from three public high schools in Bukittinggi, selected using random sampling technique. Data collection techniques were tests and non-test, the instruments were open ended questions and validation sheets. The authentic assessment instrument developed criteria are: (1) can assess students’ higher order thinking skills; (2) integrate knowledge with skills and various scientific disciplines; (3) develop 21st century competencies; and (4) involve real or everyday life contexts for cognitive aspect. The trial results were analyzed using the PCM 1-PL approach at IRT using Winstep and Parscale program. The characteristics of the item were stated fit because it met the acceptance requirements for MNSQ, ZSTD, and PT-Measure Correlation and the difficulty is in a relatively good level. The reliability of the instrument was classified as good, with test reliability of 0.72 and item reliability of 0.96.

Development of Diagnostic, Formative and Summative Assessment Instruments in the PjBL Model to Stimulate Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Skills

It is hoped that current education can produce human resources who have strong critical and creative thinking abilities. Students must have critical and creative thinking skills to be able to solve problems efficiently and effectively. The benchmark for determining student success in learning is through evaluation which includes measurements and assessments. The aim of this research is to develop diagnostic, formative and summative assessment instruments in the PjBL model to stimulate critical and creative thinking skills. This type of research is research & development using the ADDIE model. The results of this research obtained the validity of the assessment instrument in the project based learning model with a valid category. The level of practicality of the assessment instrument was categorized as practical by teachers and students. The results of the effectiveness of the knowledge aspect with the results of the pretest and posttest are seen from the classical completeness of each skill which has reached a level of completeness above the minimum expected score. The N-Gain value shows results that meet the high criteria.

Development of Diagnostic, Formative and Summative Assessment Instruments in the PjBL Model to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Physics Students

This research has two purposes. The first is to develop a diagnostic, formative and summative assessment tool using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model to strengthen the profile of Pancasila physics students. The second is to examine the validity and usability of the developed assessment tool. The first objective outcome is the product of assessment tools in the form of activity and assessment sheets. The outcome of the second objective is to obtain a valid and practical assessment tool that strengthens the student profile of Pancasila. The conclusion from the development of this tool is that the tool developed in the form of activity and assessment pages is practical and suitable for use in the classroom to strengthen the profile of Pancasila physics students.