Instrumental Case Study Research Articles

Preserving Wayang Golek: The Rationale of Radio Komunitas Seni dan Budaya Maja FM Program Selection

Wayang Golek as an integral part of the Sundanese culture, is at risk due to globalization and modern influences. To counter this, RKSB Maja FM, a community radio in Bandung, West Java, has initiated the "Preserving the Art of Wayang Golek" program as a form of local cultural preservation. This research aims to understand the process and motivation behind the selection of Wayang Golek art performances for broadcast on RKSB Maja FM, as well as to explore its impact on the preservation of Sundanese culture and its influence on the listening community. This study uses a qualitative method with an instrumental case study approach. It gathers information through in-depth interviews with RKSB Maja FM members involved in the selection and implementation of the program, as well as the analysis of related documents. It gathers information through in-depth interviews with RKSB Maja FM members involved in the selection and implementation of the program, as well as the analysis of related documents. The research findings indicate that RKSB Maja FM chose the program "Preserving the Art of Wayang Golek" because Wayang Golek is a distinctive identity of Sundanese society and holds significant cultural values. The program aims to protect the continuity of this art form from outside influences and to ensure that the younger generation does not forget about Wayang Golek. RKSB Maja FM sees radio broadcasting as an effective medium for preserving and introducing Wayang Golek to the broader community. In conclusion, the broadcasting program "Preserving the Art of Wayang Golek" is RKSB Maja FM's effort to safeguard the cultural heritage of Sundanese culture and strengthen the local cultural identity amidst the challenges of globalization.

13. Accuracy, Utility and Reading Level of Abortion Information on Chatbots ChatGPT and Bard – An Instrumental Case Study of Arkansas, Kansas, Illinois, and Oregon

13. Accuracy, Utility and Reading Level of Abortion Information on Chatbots ChatGPT and Bard – An Instrumental Case Study of Arkansas, Kansas, Illinois, and Oregon

Exploring the changes in cultural identity of primary school students in a Chinese orchestra

The promotion of cultural sustainability and cultural identity through the transmission of traditional music has become a prevalent theme in global music education. This instrumental case study, conducted in a capital city in south China (1) investigated the ways in which Chinese orchestra learning influences primary school students’ cultural identity; (2) explored the developmental process of students’ cultural identity in the Chinese orchestra. The research tools included observational field notes, reflective journals and semi-structured interviews. The participants were 32 primary school students and 5 music teachers. The findings suggested that the influences of the Chinese orchestra on the students’ cultural identity were primarily due to the orchestra’s cultural atmosphere and the elements of traditional instrumental music. Based on the four dimensions of cultural identity from a developmental perspective, this study further revealed the developmental trajectory of primary school students’ cultural identity from behaviour to cognition to emotion and finally to evaluation during the period of Chinese orchestra learning. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of music in shaping cultural identity and provide pedagogical implications for the effective promotion of cultural identity through traditional instrument learning.

Obstacles to a Favorable Attitude Towards Reflective Practices in Preservice Teachers in Training

<p style="text-align: justify;">Reflective practices have been recognized as a predictor of professional development because they favor teaching changes that improve the students’ learning. The expressions reflection, practice, and reflective professionals are very present in training programs, but with a diversity of meanings and interpretations. The concept of reflection is linked to professional development and teaching identity. The goal of training reflective teachers is shared on an international level, however, the educational conditions that favor a positive attitude toward reflection have not been sufficiently researched. This article aims to describe the obstacles to a positive attitude toward reflection in pedagogy students according to their teachers. This study is qualitative with an interpretive approach for which an instrumental case study was conducted with 15 university teachers in six Chilean regions. The results show that both inter-institutional conditions negatively affect attitudes, as well as the lack of models of reflective practice, insufficient teaching, the way teacher reflection is evaluated, and the barriers to reflective practice in schools. The results indicate the need to intentionally teach pedagogical reflection practices and help to recognize its benefits for teaching.</p>

Knowing, Being, and Doing Gender and Leadership: A Critical Feminist Exploration of College Students’ Gender and Leadership Identity Development

Through an instrumental case study from a critical feminist lens, we explored college student gender and leadership identity development in a gender and leadership focused course. We examined FemCrit perspectives on knowing (exploration of socialization), being (reflection on identity development), and doing (recognition of gender performance and action of disruption) gender and leadership. We found indications that higher education professionals need to integrate gender and leadership socialization reflection. They should also create developmentally appropriate spaces for students from differing racial/gender identities to explore their gender and leadership understanding. Finally, educators should support students in capacity-building for recognizing performative gendered structures in leadership and encourage students to take action to disrupt and reconstruct leadership from a gender expansive frame.

An Exploration and Description of the Impact of COVID-19 on Women's Employment in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the issue of gender inequality in the labour market in relation to greater risks of unemployment and financial vulnerability. The shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labour among partnered couples and single parents, as did the impact of closed schools, child care centres, and more. Disruptions to economic and social arrangements of South African women were no different than what other women in similar situations experienced in other countries. This study sought to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women, with respect to employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities. A qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm, with a multisite, instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from participants using both a survey questionnaire and a structured interview. A sample size of 172 was sought for the questionnaire and 26 qualitative interviews were conducted guided by data saturation. Quantitative questionnaire data were analysed using SPSS (version 27) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews was done using NVIVO for coding and categorising. Black women, particularly from the informal sector, were found to be more adversely affected than those in formal employment by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to understanding the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on women’s employment, work-life balance and family responsibilities.

"I WANT TO MAKE AN IMPACT": THE SCIENCE IDENTITY AND CAREER GOALS OF BLACK AND LATINX SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLARS

This instrumental case study examines the science identity and career goals of 16 Black and Latinx science and engineering postdoctoral scholars. Interviews were conducted and grounded by the model of science identity to understand the ways in which science identity develops over time and the influence of race/ethnicity and gender on career goals. Through deductive data analysis techniques, four themes emerged: (1) science competency is built at an early age and solidified in high school; (2) science performance is actualized but questioned in college; (3) science recognition is fostered through professional development and success; and (4) racism and sexism shape the desire to make an impact through a STEM career. Understanding how Black and Latinx postdoctoral scholars' science identity and STEM career goals are nurtured and thwarted within educational systems can be illuminating to those training the next generation of advanced STEM professionals. If the individuals next in line to enter the professoriate are deterred, greater consideration must be given to their experiences.

E-Governance for Functional Bureaucratization in Nigeria: Benefits and Challenges

This paper examined the challenges and potential benefits in e-governance for effective bureaucratization in Nigeria. The study through review of extant works in e-governance and bureaucracy assessed the concepts of bureaucracy, bureaucratization and e-governance. An instrumental case study research design was adopted for the study. Data for the study was collected through secondary sources, personal observations and interactions during conferences. Content analysis was utilized to analyze information generated. The paper, therefore found out that application of modern information and communication technologies stand to improve on public bureaucracy by infusing accountability, accessibility, and flexibility in public administration. These could be achieved through the use of close circuit cameras, computer applications and software as well as artificial intelligence in public offices. However, the challenges in tapping into this gold mine of technology in public administration in Nigeria ranges from inadequacy of skilled ICT personnels, corruption and bureaucratic resistance, poor/inconsistent policies and regulatory frameworks, inadequate public and digital awareness, inadequate ICT infrastructure and digital divide, among others. The study consequently recommended among others that government should provide modern ICT infrastructure, promote cybersecurity and theft consciousness and develop ICT policies in Nigeria.

Communicating ecological awareness through hiking Mount Argopuro

The primary objective of this research paper is to establish a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in communicating ecological awareness through hiking Mount Argopuro. This research benefits from employing a qualitative methodology, specifically utilizing a single instrumental case study. The data collection process involves the utilization of primary data obtained from 10 local hikers who serve as key informants. The collection of main data is accomplished through conducting in-depth interviews, while secondary data is obtained through a comprehensive review of relevant literature. The results indicate that the communicating ecological awareness has been achieved by participation in hiking activities, leading to the development of ecologically responsible behaviors such as the protection of natural resources, proper disposal of personal waste, and the adoption of minimalist lifestyles. It has resulted in three distinct categories of outcomes: the establishment of an emotional connection with nature, the attainment of social acceptance within a group setting, and the manifestation of actions aligned with one's personal philosophy toward the preservation and reverence of the natural environment. Drawing upon the environmental communication model, hiking Mount Argopuro presents an opportunity for improving society's capacity to interpret and respond to environmental signals that hold significance for the welfare of both human societies and natural ecosystems.

Recruiting, retaining, and advancing women in policing: Lessons learned from the IAWP Gender-Responsive Policing Summit

Abstract Despite persistent support for increasing gender diversity in US policing, women remain underrepresented. Yet, barriers to women in policing are not universal. Many police organizations in the USA and internationally have implemented promising gender-responsive approaches. The International and Nebraska Associations of Women Police (IAWP/NAWP) and UN Women convened a Gender-Responsive Policing Summit to share successful efforts to improve recruitment, retention, promotion, and wellness of women in policing. Researchers conducted systematic observations of Summit sessions, paying particular attention to solutions offered to advance gender-responsive policing. This instrumental case study summarizes lessons learned based on multistage inductive coding of Summit observation notes. Themes emerged around strategic planning and data use, leadership and promotion, health and wellness policies, associations, and support initiatives. This study provides real-world strategies police agencies can use to improve gender diversity, informed by police professionals committed to improving women’s experiences in policing on an international scale.

Diversity Communication of Interreligious Harmonization: A Case Study of Rama Agung Village, Bengkulu Utara Regency, Indonesia

Indonesia is known as a country that has many tribes, cultures, races, religions, and codes of conduct of the people. But the exciting thing is that the complexity of diversity does not divide Indonesia. Rama Agung Village, Bengkulu Utara Regency, was designated as a Religious Harmony Village in Bengkulu Province in 2018 by the Minister of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Upon launching the minister of religion, the Governor of Bengkulu designated it as a Miniature Village of Religious Harmony in Bengkulu Province. This is in line with the decision of the Regent of Bengkulu Utara in 2021, which established Rama Agung Village as a Religious Tourism Village. In this position, religious and cultural tolerance becomes important as the main indicator that can reduce points of conflict between individuals, social classes, and society. This tolerance was formed not on the basis of an accident. Still, the similarity of struggle that gave birth to valuable lessons bound in the points and points of Pancasila elaborated in the State Constitution and actualized in everyday life. This research design uses qualitative methods with a single instrumental case study approach. Data collection will be collected through interviews and document review. The results showed that the harmonization that occurs in Rama Agung village is currently maintained because of the value of harmony instilled by the community in interreligious life, namely open communication between fellow believers, mutual respect for other religious celebrations, and the rules of other religions.

The ongoing struggle for legitimacy: the case of an unsanctioned community sport organization

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore how one unsanctioned community sport organization (CSO), AM Hockey, sought to acquire legitimacy in a highly institutionalized minor hockey marketplace at various points in its organizational life cycle.Design/methodology/approachThis study was guided by instrumental case study methodology. Twenty (20) AM Hockey stakeholders from a variety of roles (e.g. executives, program directors and coaches) were interviewed. Document analysis was also utilized to supplement the interviewees. Internal and public documents reflective of the CSO's creation and growth were obtained.FindingsFindings revealed that the CSO had to navigate distinct phases of evolution including the Building, Growth, Competition and Stabilization phases. Although the four life cycle phases identified in this study share similarities with the phases identified by Lester et al. (2003), findings indicated that institutional work mechanisms must be understood in their context as they can vary over the life cycle of an organization. Therefore, start-up sports organizations must approach the pursuit of legitimacy as a continual process rather than something acquired and defended through maintenance work.Originality/valueDeveloping legitimacy remains a central challenge for CSOs that seek to deliver alternative sport programming, yet it continues to be understudied. Ultimately, the long-term viability of an unsanctioned CSO in a federated sports system relies, in part, on its ability to continually determine the actions needed to achieve legitimacy within its environment.

The Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Policy in Indonesian Local Government – The Case of Salatiga City 2017-2022

The rise in women’s representation as public officials in Salatiga City is a crucial indicator of democracy. This progress must be accompanied by supportive knowledge about gender mainstreaming (PUG) in policymaking. There are many studies on women's representation, yet few are directed to examine how increasing women's representation as public officials is related to the improvement of gender-responsive development policies. This study uses a qualitative approach with a single instrumental case study in Salatiga City Government 2017-2022. The increase of women’s representation as public policymakers has achieved remarkable achievements nationally as stated in the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (IPG) of Salatiga City. However, qualitatively, the understanding of gender- responsive policies that ensure access, participation, control, and benefits has not been owned by the women representatives. Accordingly, despite its rising number, women are still lagging behind men in development. Then, having the fact that the Priority of 2017- 2022’s RPJMD (Regional Medium Development Plan) of Salatiga City is gender mainstreaming, it is found that the formulation of women's involvement in decision- making at the local level is not explicitly mentioned. Although the implementation of PUG has been outlined in PERWALI Regulation No. 5 of 2021, the policy must be carried out by recognizing problems and listening to the voices of local women to ensure that no one is left behind in development.

Understanding K‐3 Teachers' Literacy Instructional Practices During thePandemic‐Impacted2020–2021 School Year

AbstractThis instrumental case study is focused on understanding more about literacy instruction in K‐3 classrooms during the pandemic‐impacted 2020–2021 school year. The study aims to examine (a) how teachers described their literacy instruction before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic; (b) the types of literacy instructional practices teachers implemented across in‐person, virtual, and hybrid modalities; and (c) how teachers' implementation of these practices aligns with research on early grades literacy instruction. Data included classroom video of 25 teachers' literacy instruction, 162 classroom artifacts (e.g., student work samples), and statewide survey responses from 7110 teachers in spring 2020 and 5811 teachers in spring 2021. Teachers reported spending an average of 1 h less per week on literacy instruction in 2020–2021 as compared to a typical pre‐pandemic school year. Despite these reported declines in instructional time, teachers in all modalities were observed implementing literacy instructional practices at comparable rates as they reported prior to the pandemic. However, teachers' implementations of these practices varied widely, with some teachers providing research‐aligned literacy instruction while others did not. This range in quality was evident across modalities, including within the group of teachers providing in‐person instruction. Results from this study challenge existing theories about instructional time and modality that have been posed to explain the pandemic's negative impacts on elementary students' literacy outcomes.

"Surthriving" Hand Rehabilitation: Proposing Interventions to Support Novice Occupational Therapists Working in Underserved Contexts.

Hand rehabilitation delivered to underserved South African communities is often the responsibility of novice or generalist occupational therapists. Novice therapists typically work with restricted supervision, support, and resources. Little is known about how these therapists should be supported in order to strengthen the services that they deliver. This study is aimed at understanding how novice occupational therapists in their first year of practice describe their experience of delivering hand rehabilitation in order to identify their support and development needs and propose interventions to address these needs. A qualitative instrumental case study design was used. Data were collected from novice occupational therapists (n = 9) who participated in an online community of practice. Data collection techniques included photoelicitation, facilitated reflection activities, and case discussion. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed. Trustworthiness strategies included reflexive writing, prolonged engagement, data source triangulation, member checking, and peer audit. Analysis generated three themes: (1) "submerged: I had to drown a little" captured participants' experience of being saturated by contextual features including poverty and poor basic management of hand injuries. (2) "Starting somewhere" captured participants' journey of treating patients with hand injuries. They transitioned from an initial sense of having "no idea" to developing "some idea"; their clinical reasoning was challenged when working with no diagnosis, unfamiliar presentations, or when contextual features rendered traditional approaches to therapy inappropriate. Finally, (3) "dynamics of 'surthrival'" captured elements that contributed to participants either thriving or merely surviving their hand rehabilitation experience. The proposed strategies identified in this study to address the support and development needs of novice therapists include interventions focused on systems and health services; learning opportunities to support competency and physical resources; and emotional support. Beyond application to the South African context, these strategies may be considered for supporting generalist or novice therapists delivering hand rehabilitation in other low- to middle-income countries.

The Implementation of Process-Based Approach in Online Teaching Writing in SMA Bali Hati

This study described the process-based approach implemented for Senior High School students and the challenges of teaching writing in an EFL setting for online classrooms during the pandemic of Covid-19. It was conducted at SMA Bali Hati in the academic year 2020-2021. The study applied a single instrumental case study in which the data were collected through an interview guide, observation sheet, and documentation. The result showed that the preparation was done in the online class. In addition, several problems were faced during the implementation. The results of the study indicate that teachers need to find alternatives to address the challenges.

“I never knew this was here”: White epiphanies, difficult history, and pedagogy

Teacher decision-making is a key component in teaching difficult history. In this instrumental case study, we examined how pre-service teachers (PSTs) encounter difficult history at a local historic site. The findings showed PSTs gained important difficult history content knowledge, yet the learning centered white racial epiphanies instead of the experiences of oppressed people highlighted in the local difficult histories we encountered. These findings prompted us to interrogate our teacher decision-making in planning and teaching local difficult histories. In this article, we extend the difficult history dialogue by examining how teacher decision-making allows or disrupts the centering of whiteness in difficult history pedagogy.

The Response of Higher-Achieving South African Learners from Poverty to an Extracurricular Mathematics-guided Problem-based Learning Programme

Problem-based learning (PBL) has the potential to enhance both cognitive and affective engagement but has been criticised for being unsuitable for learners with low levels of knowledge and skills, such as South African learners from poor backgrounds. In such cases, guided problem-based learning (GPBL), which includes direct instruction and teacher prompting, may be more effective. However, little is known about the extent to which GPBL can replicate the cognitive and affective benefits of PBL for such learners in the context of middle-school mathematics problem-solving. It is also not clear what the optimal granularity of teacher prompting should be within GPBL. To address these issues, this instrumental case study was conducted with 26 higher-achieving Grade 8 and 9 learners from schools serving poor communities. These learners participated in a GPBL week-long extracurricular holiday mathematics programme in which they were guided to use trigonometry to determine the maximum height reached by a water rocket. Data were collected through video recordings, field notes, written work, and audio-recorded group discussions, and were coded using the multidimensional problem-solving (MPS) framework to identify cognitive and affective behaviors. The learners’ affective responses suggested general positivity towards effortful problem-solving. Their cognitive responses suggested successful engagement in some, but not all, aspects of problem-solving. Although fine-grained prompting did not promote exploratory discussion, it was found to be necessary to guide productive mathematical activity. Medium-grained prompting, which did lead to exploratory discussion, did not appear to be directly productive, although it did appear to enhance learners’ receptivity to subsequent fine-grained prompting.

Assessment of Learning about Sustainability in Students with Down Syndrome

Assessment is an essential resource for guaranteeing quality education. In order for it to be effective, it must be continuous, formative and adapted to the characteristics of the individual student, so that it shows their abilities. Students with Down Syndrome benefit from these aspects, as they can demonstrate their achievements and difficulties in different ways. This article analyses these approaches and brings together the suggestions of 14 experts, in the field of education for students with Down Syndrome, from three different countries, 5 members of Belgium and Spain, and 4 members of Ireland. Through the instrumental case study and focus discussions of the experts, using the Delphi method, a series of basic aspects are established on the most appropriate methods and evaluation tools for the target group. In the analysis the experts agreed on three key aspects (with scores of three out of three): maintaining high expectations of students' potential, encouraging self-evaluation, and enabling students controlling their own learning process. The group of experts proposes the use of a learning register or portfolio as a method of assessment for students with Down Syndrome.

STEAM education with young learners: five different design processes

ABSTRACT The Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) approach has a variety of benefits for all children as it triggers multiple senses through hands-on activities, experiential learning, exploration opportunities on different scientific topics, and various tools and materials. Five STEAM activities were designed and implemented with fifteen 60–72-month-old children over a five-week period. Each activity required children to make their own designs to create their product, and was prepared to emphasize a particular feature of STEAM education. Instrumental case study was utilized in this study. It was observed that children engage more and spend more time, demand additional materials and use their imagination to design more creative and various products in STEAM activities.