Test Instrument Research Articles

Development and characterization of soy protein-based custard-like soft foods for elderly individuals with swallowing difficulties.

There is growing interest in developing protein-rich foods for the elderly using plant proteins. The application of soy protein isolate (SPI) as a model protein to create protein-rich, custard-like soft foods presents a unique opportunity for innovative formulations tailored to those within the aging population suffering from swallowing difficulties. This study investigated the physicochemical and textural properties of custard-type soft food formulations developed using SPI for dysphagic elderly individuals, with the goal of achieving characteristics similar to those of optimal milk protein-based counterparts. The protein content in the SPI-based custards varied from 8.9% to 13.9% and the milk-protein based custards had 8.9% protein content. There was a substantial difference in textural, rheological and creep resistance and other properties between SPI and milk protein-based formulations. The SPI-based custards also had lower water-holding capacity, looser structure, and higher level of insoluble protein aggregates. The SPI-based custards imparted a more spreadable mouthfeel suitable for the aging population. The custards containing 13.9% SPI had higher gel strength, viscosity, texture, and product stability. All of these custards were classified as Level 6 - Soft & Bite-sized dysphagia diet, based on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) tests. Instrumental IDDSI tests for Level 6 foods corroborated these observations, yielding reliable and consistent data. This research provides insights for developing protein-rich plant-based soft foods intended for the elderly population that have characteristics close to milk protein-based custards and comply with IDSSI criteria.

Fracture toughness of heat-treated SA508 steels predicted by instrumented spherical indentation test

Fracture toughness of heat-treated SA508 steels predicted by instrumented spherical indentation test

Storm Peak Laboratory: A Research and Training Facility for the Atmospheric Sciences

Abstract Storm Peak Laboratory, located on the Steamboat Springs Ski Resort in Colorado on the west summit of Mount Werner at 10,532 ft (3220 m) ASL, is an internationally recognized high-elevation atmospheric research station that has been in use for over 40 years. This article provides a brief history of the Storm Peak Laboratory and the major research themes it has supported and discusses opportunities to leverage mountain observatory measurements to advance our understanding of the atmospheric processes. This facility provides long-term measurements of meteorology, clouds, aerosols, snow hydrology and atmospheric gases, and serves as a “proving ground” for instrument development and testing. Storm Peak Laboratory is part of multiple national and international observational networks. Due to the unique capabilities of Storm Peak Laboratory, there is a long history of targeted field campaigns primarily within the following research areas: mixed phase cloud microphysics, atmospheric chemistry pertaining to the formation, characterization, and hygroscopicity of aerosols; and transport and transformation of atmospheric mercury. Research training has been central to the mission of SPL over the last 40 years. Currently, SPL hosts both undergraduate and graduate level courses in atmospheric science and snow hydrology organized by numerous institutions. Examples of these unique research training opportunities are provided.

Development of Understanding Test Instruments for Grade 7 Junior High School Students on Temperature, Heat and Expansion Topics

The aim of this research is to analyze the validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiating power of understanding test items, especially on the temperature, heat and expansion topic that has been developed. The test items consist of 20 multiple choice questions which refer to cognitive process of understanding according to Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. The subjects of this research were 31 students in class VIII of junior high school. Before being tested on students, the understanding test items were evaluated by 5 experts. The method used to analyze validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiating power of items is the Rasch model using MINISTEP software version 4.3.1. The results of the analysis show that the understandingtest items on temperature, heat and expansion can be used to test students' understanding. Validity analysis results using item fit criteria with output in the form of MNSQ and ZSTD values. Meanwhile, the value of reliability item of 0.88 indicates that the quality of the items in the understanding instrument is included in the good category. On the other hand, the distribution of the difficulty level of items is uneven, there are more items in the difficult category than items in the easy category. However, 10 items have a differentiating power of more than 0.40 which is included in the very good category, so that they can differentiate students with high and low understanding very well.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Thai version of TeamSTEPPS® teamwork attitudes and teamwork perceptions questionnaires

ABSTRACT Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS®) is a strategy for improving communication and team climate in hospitals. While it shows promise, it remains an untested tool among health care professional teams. A cross-sectional design with survey methodology was implemented. We scrutinized the psychometric properties of the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ) and Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ) among 301 health care professionals in Thailand. This study follows an instrument testing design guided by two phases: I) Translation phase and II) Psychometric properties testing. A content validity index (CVI), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and McDonald’s omega were conducted. The study presents confirmatory factor analyses and descriptive data. Both the T-TAQ and T-TPQ are self-administered questionnaires consisting of 27 and 32 items, respectively, utilizing a five-point Likert scale to assess five key components: Team structure, Leadership, Situation monitoring, Mutual support, and Communication. Psychometric evaluations indicated good internal consistency and validity for these instruments among Thai health care professionals, with McDonald’s omega values ranging from 0.68 to 0.89 for T-TAQ and 0.85 to 0.95 for T-TPQ. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of both the Thai T-TAQ and T-TPQ. The T-TAQ and T-TPQ prove to be reliable and valid instruments. The scale can be effectively utilized as a tool for assessing Thai health professionals’ teamwork attitudes and perceptions.

Design and psychometric testing of a moral intelligence instrument for pre-hospital emergency medical services personnel: a sequential-exploratory mixed-method study

BackgroundMoral intelligence is a significant and influential factor in the delivery of principled and high-quality care. This is because moral intelligence is the ability to recognize and be sensitive to moral issues, which contributes to the organization of appropriate behavior in the face of moral issues. This is particularly pertinent given that pre-hospital emergency medical services personnel (prehospital EMS personnel) frequently encounter stressful and tension-filled situations. Thus, intelligent reasoning and ethical conduct at the scene of an incident are of paramount importance. Also, there is no special tool available for measuring the moral intelligence of prehospital EMS personnel. Hence, there is a necessity for the design and psychometric evaluation of a specialized instrument to assess the moral intelligence of prehospital EMS personnel with a sequential exploratory approach. Accordingly, the present study was conceptualized and implemented with the objective of designing and psychometrically evaluating an instrument for measuring the moral intelligence of prehospital EMS personnel.MethodsThis study employed a mixed-methods design with a sequential exploratory approach. The research was executed in two distinct phases. In the first phase, a conventional content analysis method was utilized to explore narratives expressed by 34 prehospital EMS personnel. It was in the second phase where the psychometric properties including face validity, content validity, construct validity and reliability were measured. A total of 210 prehospital EMS personnel participated for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett’s tests, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, as well as test-retest were used for data analysis.ResultsThe moral intelligence of prehospital EMS personnel was conceptualized as emotional stability coupled with intelligent reasoning, oriented towards the provision of ethical care and moral courage in patient advocacy. In the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) phase, the questionnaire was distilled into three dimensions: “Emotional stability combined with intelligent reasoning” (11 items), “Ethical care” (12 items), and “Ethical courage” (7 items), accounting for 74.38% of the observed variance. Confirmatory validity also confirmed the structure of the tool obtained from the previous step. The instrument’s reliability, as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, was reported at 0.95 for the entire scale.ConclusionThe Moral Intelligence Scale for prehospital EMS personnel demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Consequently, healthcare administrators may employ this instrument to assess moral intelligence in prehospital EMS personnel. Furthermore, when deemed necessary, they can identify and implement the most appropriate strategies, including educational interventions, to enhance moral intelligence among prehospital EMS personnel. Thus, it is suggested that future studies explore the psychometric properties of this tool with a larger sample size and in different cultures.

Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) on Workers In Cikeruh Majalengka Bridge Construction Project

The implementation of safety and health (OSH) systems in the work environment is a crucial component for the running of a business entity, because the consequences of accidents can have a detrimental impact on the workforce and the institution. This study was conducted to evaluate how OHS affects the level of worker productivity. A quantitative approach is the method used by collecting primary data through distributing questionnaires to 35 workers at the Cikeruh Majalengka Bridge Construction Project. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS 26.0 for Windows, by conducting an Instrument Test consisting of Validity Test and Reliability Test. The variables studied consisted of four independent variables: Planning (X1), Organization (X2), Actuating (X3), Controlling (X4) and one dependent variable, namely Worker Productivity (Y). The results showed that Planning has a positive effect on productivity with an average value of 1.98, Organization 2.0, Actuating 1.78, and Controlling 1.94. The four independent variables as a whole have an average value of 1.92 which indicates a positive influence on worker productivity on the project, because it is in the interval class 1.6 ≥ x ≤ 2.0. This proves that factors such as planning, organization, implementation, and supervision play a significant role in increasing worker productivity on the Majalengka Cikeruh Bridge Construction Project.

Multi-omics analysis reveals novel causal pathways in psoriasis pathogenesis

BackgroundTo elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying psoriasis by employing an integrative multi-omics approach, using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) to infer causal relationships among DNA methylation, gene expression, and protein levels in relation to psoriasis risk.MethodsWe conducted SMR analyses integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics with methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data. Publicly available datasets were utilized, including psoriasis GWAS data from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute and the UK Biobank. Heterogeneity in dependent instruments (HEIDI) test and colocalization analyses were performed to identify shared causal variants, and multi-omics integration was employed to construct potential regulatory pathways.ResultsOur analyses identified significant causal associations between DNA methylation, gene expression, protein abundance, and psoriasis risk. We discovered two pathways involving the long non-coding RNA RP11-977G19.11 and apolipoprotein F (APOF). Methylation at sites cg26804944 and cg02705573 was negatively associated with RP11-977G19.11 expression. Reduced expression of RP11-977G19.11 was linked to increased APOF levels, which were positively associated with a higher risk of psoriasis. Methylation at sites cg00172967, cg00294382, and cg24773560 was positively associated with RP11-977G19.11 expression. Elevated expression of RP11-977G19.11 was associated with decreased APOF levels, reducing the risk of psoriasis. Colocalization analysis highlighted APOF as a key protein in psoriasis pathogenesis. Validation using skin tissue, EBV-transformed lymphocytes data and inflammation-related protein panels confirmed the associations of RP11-977G19.11 and APOF with psoriasis.ConclusionsOur multi-omics analysis provides preliminary evidence for potential molecular mechanisms in psoriasis pathogenesis. Through the integration of GWAS and molecular QTL data, we identify candidate pathways that may be relevant to disease biology. While these findings require extensive experimental validation, they offer a framework for future investigations into the molecular basis of psoriasis.

Design feasibility test instrument for sports tourism domain contextual events based on local wisdom

Introduction: Instruments are very important to develop for assessing a sports tourism design. Objective: This study aims to formulate a contextual domain sport tourism design assessment instrument with an evaluation approach. Methodology: The total subjects in this study were 236 subjects. Data analysis used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: The results showed the CFI value> 0.9, TLI value> 0.9, GFI value> 0.93, SRMR value < 0.7, RMSEA value < 0.08. That way the assessment instrument has suitability, then the loading factor test is carried out. The average loading factor value has a value of more than 0.63, it can be concluded that the test items on each factor have a very good loading factor value. The average variance extracted (AVE) value on each factor is more than 0.5, so the test items on the traditional sports-based sports tourism design feasibility questionnaire are valid. The omega coefficient value on each factor has a value of more than 0.7, so it can be concluded that the statement items have a reliable value. The Cronbach alpha value on each factor is greater than 0.7, so it can be concluded that the statement items on the traditional sports-based sport tourism design feasibility instrument are reliable. Discussion: The instrument for assessing the design of sports tourism in the contextual domain of events consisted of four indicators, namely the basis of organization, supporting factors, products, and promotion. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that the instrument can be used to assess the feasibility of sports tourism design.

Composite Pavement Systems – A Sustainable Approach for Long-Lasting Concrete Pavements

This paper summarizes work performed under the Strategic Highway Research Program project R21 on developing MEPDG-compatible mechanistic-empirical design procedures, test methods, and construction guidelines and specifications, for two-lift PCC/PCC composite pavements and HMA/PCC composite pavements. Composite pavements consisting of high quality top layer(s) have been proven in Europe and in the United States to provide long lives with excellent surface characteristics and rapid renewal when needed. The lower PCC layer is a sustainable JPC or CRC pavement that utilizes recycled and lower cost locally available materials, thus reducing the need to haul aggregates over long distances. As part of this research, three full-scale instrumented test sections on the MnROAD mainline roadway (I-94, west of Minneapolis) were constructed in Spring 2010. The sections include one HMA/JPC and two two-lift PCC sections subject to real highway traffic. Accelerated Pavement Tests (APT) using the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) were used at the University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) at Davis to evaluate various HMA/PCC test sections. These test sections were constructed in Fall 2009. The research also includes evaluation of in-service composite pavement across the U.S., Canada, and Europe. The results from these experiments were used to develop performance models and procedures for designing HMA/PCC and PCC/PCC composite pavements.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, Nilai Pasar dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Return Saham

This research aims to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity, solvency, market value and dividend policy on stock returns in companies that are consistently included in the LQ45 index for the period 2020 to 2023. The determination of the research sample of 18 companies was carried out using the purposive sampling method. Meanwhile, for hypothesis testing and research instruments using multiple linear regression analysis tools with SPSS software. The results of the study prove that proitability, liquidity, solvabiity, market value and dividen policy has no effect on stock returns

KARAKTERISTIK DAN FAKTOR MOTIVASI PENGUNJUNG KE DESA WISATA PERANCAK, JEMBRANA

Perancak Village had abundant and diverse tourism potential that was integrated into one entity as Perancak Tourism Village. The increase in the number of visits each year made this phenomenon interesting to study. The purpose of the study was to understand the characteristics of visitors and analyze the motivational faktors for visiting Perancak Tourism Village. Using quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques, instrument testing, and faktor analysis, with data collection methods including observation, interviews, literature studies, questionnaires, and documentation, and using a sample of 100 respondents obtained through the Slovin formula, the results showed that the majority of visitors were female teenagers, students, or college students, unmarried, using non-commercial accommodation, and organizing their own trips, with a relatively short visit duration. Motivation faktor analysis revealed three main faktors influencing tourist visits to Perancak Tourism Village: Environmental Attraction Faktors (physical attractions and destination atmosphere such as natural environment and climate), External Push Faktors (specific attractions such as romance and special events), and Internal Push Faktors (personal needs for relaxation and escape from routine). Overall, the motivation of visitors to visit Perancak Tourism Village was based on push faktors and pull faktors. Based on the research results, the researcher recommended that managers develop facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the characteristics and motivations of visitors to Perancak Tourism Village.

Developing an Integration of Sports and Health Teaching Programs to Improve the Physical and Mental Health of Primary School Students

Background and Aims: At present, China's school physical education focuses on the teaching of sports knowledge and skills, ignoring the individual student's interest in sports activities and health education needs, in recent years, the national education department has required that schools should integrate health education into physical education teaching, but the effect is not obvious, resulting in part of the students' aversion to physical education learning and aversion to emotion, the relevant surveys show that teenagers' rates of myopia, obesity and other indicators are rising year by year The study shows that the myopia rate, obesity rate and other indicators of adolescents are increasing year by year, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of adolescents. From the interdisciplinary perspective of kinesiology and health education, this study aims to develop and implement a teaching program that integrates physical education and health education to improve the physical and mental health of fifth-grade elementary school students. The specific objectives were to improve students' physical skills and health knowledge and to promote their overall physical and mental health development through integrally designed program content. Methodology: This paper adopts the methods of literature, questionnaire survey, expert interview, and comparative experimental method, and analyzes the G*power software to determine the sample size, conducts questionnaires, physical fitness, psychological, and other pre-tests on the samples, and screens out 60 students aged between 10 and 11 years old in two fifth-grade classes of Jinzhou Elementary School to be the subjects of the experimental experiment: class 1 is the experimental group of 30 people, including 14 boys, girls 16 students; class 2 is the control group of 30 students, of which 13 are boys and 17 are girls. A before-and-after comparison experimental design was used to assess the effect of the new teaching program through tests such as the integrated physical education and health teaching program, students' physical fitness testing instruments, psychometric scales, mean, standard deviation, t-test statistics, and so on. Results: The experimental results showed that the teaching program integrating physical education and health education had a significant positive effect on improving the physical fitness and mental health of primary school students. This is manifested in the significant improvement of students' BMI, lung capacity, motor skills, and mental health indicators. Conclusion: The physical education and health integration teaching program proposed in this study not only effectively improves the physical and mental health of primary school students, but also provides new ideas and methods for the reform and development of elementary school education. The empirical results of this study provide a basis for future related research and have certain application value and academic contribution.

Effectiveness and utilization of a cognitive screening program for primary geriatric care

BackgroundEffective detection of cognitive impairment in the primary care setting is limited by lack of time and specialized expertise to conduct detailed objective cognitive testing and few well-validated cognitive screening instruments that can be administered and evaluated quickly without expert supervision. We therefore developed a model cognitive screening program to provide relatively brief, objective assessment of a geriatric patient’s memory and other cognitive abilities in cases where the primary care physician suspects but is unsure of the presence of a deficit.MethodsReferred patients were tested during a 40-min session by a psychometrist or trained nurse in the clinic on a brief battery of neuropsychological tests that assessed multiple cognitive domains. Short questionnaires covering subjective cognitive complaints, symptoms of depression, and medical history were also administered. Results were conveyed to a dementia specialist who reviewed them and returned their judgement of the validity of the cognitive complaint to the primary care provider. Retrospective medical records review was carried out for a random (stratified) half of the sample to determine how screening results were utilized. Screening tests were repeated after two years in a subset of 69 patients.ResultsThe 638 patients screened (mean age = 75.9 years; mean education = 14.9 years; 58% women) were classified by screening as having normal cognition (n = 177), depression (with possible cognitive changes; n = 115), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 107), or dementia (n = 239). Classification accuracy was shown by high agreement with the eventual clinical diagnosis in the medical record (69%; Cohen’s Kappa = .38; p < .001; 77% if MCI and dementia were collapsed; Cohen’s Kappa = .58; p < .001) and longitudinal decline in cognitive test scores only in those initially classified as having MCI or dementia. Medical records documented discussion of screening results with the patient in 69% of cases (80% if MCI or dementia was detected) and often referral to a specialist (62%), new brain imaging (54%), or change in medication (58%) when screening indicated potential cognitive impairment.ConclusionThe cognitive screening program was well accepted by primary care providers as an efficient and effective way to evaluate concerns about cognitive decline in older adults.

Modieslab Innovative Concrete Pavement Structure: From Idea through Research to Implementation

In 1996 the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management launched the innovation program ‘Roads to the Future’. One of the developed innovative pavement structures is a Modular Pavement Structure called Modieslab. This structure is designed as a bridge and it merely consists of precast concrete elements. Since 2001 several researches were performed. Along the motorway A50 in the Netherlands a low-risk and not heavily loaded test section was constructed and monitored during 16 months. On this test section mainly the functional properties as well as construction and maintenance techniques were investigated. The main findings of this test section are reported. The structural integrity of the structure was investigated by Accelerated Load Testing of another instrumented test section by means of LINTRACK. Some characteristic measurement results are presented. Insight into the structural behaviour of both the total pavement structure and the most critical upper part of it was further obtained by means of 3D finite element modelling. Some typical calculation results are compared to measurement results. Finally the materials research is briefly described. This research concentrates on the porous concrete wearing course. Research is ongoing to find solutions for skid resistance and ravelling problems that occurred to some extent on the test sections. Given the rather positive experiences, both from a technical and an economical point of view, it was decided to actually construct an in-service road section of the radically innovative Modieslab pavement structure after only 4 to 5 years of research. Probably this project will be realized in 2005 or 2006 in an area with very poor subsoil.

Case report: Successful treatment with spesolimab of acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau in an older patient without IL36RN mutations

BackgroundAcrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) is a rare, sterile pustular psoriasis variant refractory to many conventional treatments. The eruption typically occurs after local trauma or infection; other etiologies include neural, inflammatory, and genetic causes. Herein we reported a single case of a 64-year-old patient with ACH that was successfully treated with spesolimab for 19 weeks.Case summaryA 64-year-old Chinese male with no personal or known family history of psoriasis had recurrent episodes of redness, swelling, and pustules in the nail bed on seven fingers with progressive degeneration of the nails. The patient was monitored as to the evolution of the disease over half of a year before he referred his case to our attention. A diagnosis of ACH was made, allowing for the administration of local steroids and oral acitretin. However, after 3 months of acitretin treatment, no improvement was observed. In December 2023, this patient came to our inpatient department; his modified nail psoriasis severity index score was 32. Before starting treatment, a comprehensive set of laboratory and instrumental tests were all found to be negative. Moreover, whole-exome sequencing was performed in our patient, and it revealed no rare coding variant in IL36RN, CARD14, or AP1S3. Therefore, the patient was administrated with a dose of 900 mg spesolimab. After 10 days, the patient showed a significant decrease in discomfort and pain. In order to strengthen the therapeutic effect, he was given the second dose of 900 mg spesolimab after 4 weeks. After 19 weeks of spesolimab treatment, the patient’s nail lesions showed complete resolution, and no adverse effects were reported.ConclusionThe case report suggests that spesolimab may offer significant therapeutic benefits for ACH.

How Students Use Cognitive Structures to Process Information in the Algebraic Reasoning?

Cognitive processes are procedures for using existing knowledge to combine it with new knowledge and make decisions based on that knowledge. This study aims to identify the cognitive structure of students during information processing based on the level of algebraic reasoning ability. This type of research is qualitative with exploratory methods. The data collection technique used began by providing a valid and reliable test instrument for algebraic reasoning abilities for six mathematics education student programs at the Islamic University of Sultan Agung Indonesia. Subjects were selected based on the level of upper, middle, and lower algebraic reasoning abilities. The results showed that (1) students with the highest level of algebraic reasoning ability meet the logical structure of Logical Reasoning which shows that students at the upper level can find patterns and can generalize; (2) Students at the intermediate level understand the cognitive structure of Symbolic Representations, where students can make connections between knowledge and experience and look for patterns and relationships but have difficulty making rules and generalizations; (3) students at lower levels understand the cognitive structure of Comparative Thinking, where students are only able to make connections between prior knowledge and experience.

Full-Scale Fire Testing to Assess the Risk of Battery Electric Vehicle Fires in Underground Car Parks

Abstract Battery-only electric vehicle (BEV) fires have recently emerged as a significant safety concern in modern society, particularly when they occur in car parking spaces, where the consequences can be severe. While relatively few fatalities and injuries are reported, the associated economic losses are substantial. Car park structures present several challenges from a fire safety perspective, including high energy content, confined geometry, and difficulties in detecting and accessing to the fire’s origin due to smoke accumulation in spaces with limited ventilation and exits. This study investigates this fire hazard by conducting a full-scale fire test on a modern BEV in an instrumented test rig that simulates a segment of an underground car park. The data obtained were compared with standard fire curves to assess the hazard’s characteristics and with the data from a companion study to identify differences between BEV fires in underground and surface car parks. The primary difference observed was deflagration venting, which occurred shortly after the initial ignition of combustible gases accumulated beneath the ceiling, lasting until 13 min and 5 s. This phenomenon led to a rapid initial growth of the BEV fire, which burned more intensely for a shorter duration in the semi-enclosed configuration comparted to the open configuration. The enclosed fire recorded an average ceiling-jet temperature of approximately 1100°C and a peak incident heat flux exceeding 225 kW/m2. Additionally, thermal runaway within the lithium-ion battery cells was analysed to understand the adverse effects of the enclosed environment on thermal runaway propagation. This fire testing provides critical insights for developing firefighting strategies including the proper preparation of equipment and the design of fire protection systems. The principal findings could inform tactics for mitigating unforeseen fire risks and contribute to revisions of fire safety regulations.

Pengaruh Sistem Aplikasi Berbasis Web Etos Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Operasional Dalam Kegiatan Bongkar Muat pada PT. Prima Nur Panurjwan

Loading and unloading operations include the transportation of goods using land transportation. To carry out these freight transportation activities, the method or service procedure requires the availability of appropriate facilities or equipment. Effective and efficient employee performance is needed by a company because that will advance a company. Employees are expected to work more effectively, with easier access to the information needed, and better coordination between teams. This study aims to discuss the effect of the Electronic Terminal Operation System (ETOS) application system on the performance of operational employees in loading and unloading activities at PT Prima Nur Panurjwan and find out employee perceptions of the ETOS application system affecting the performance of operational employees in loading and unloading activities. This research uses quantitative methods, with questionnaire and observation data collection techniques and data analysis patterns using instrument tests, classical assumption tests, simple regression analysis, determination tests, and t tests. The results of this study validate the research hypothesis that there is a significant influence between the ETOS application system on employee performance at PT Prima Nur Panurjwan.

Fetal growth restriction: features of anamnesis, outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth

Background. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a serious medical and social problem, which is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term consequences for offspring. To date, there are no absolute instrumental tests for accurately predicting the condition of the fetus, which justifies the relevance of this study.Objective. To study the features of the anamnesis, the course of pregnancy, and the outcome of childbirth in women with fetal growth restriction.Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a continuous sample of 200 women who were delivered at the Clinic of the South Ural State Medical University (Chelyabinsk) in 2022. All the women were divided into two groups: group 1 - 30 women with FGR, group 2 - 170 women without FGR. The outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth were studied (the results were obtained by means of a questionnaire, analysis of medical documentation: the book of a pregnant woman, the history of childbirth).Results. There was a low effectiveness of the prognosis of FGR both according to the results of the analysis of anamnestic risk factors and according to laboratory and instrumental screening programs at 11-13,6 weeks of gestation. A low percentage of coverage with drug prevention was registered in the high-risk group of FGR (55%). We found that FGR is associated with other placental disorders, which more often began in the second trimester with changes in uterine and fetal blood flow and progressed as the gestation period increased. Fetal growth restriction is associated with severe preeclampsia, high incidence of premature birth, cesarean section, hypotrophy and severe asphyxia of newborns.Conclusion. The absence of significant anamnestic risk factors, the low effectiveness of predicting fetal growth retardation based on the results of programmatic screening at 11-13,6 weeks require the development of new modern methods for predicting pathology. Research should focus on the development of new fetal diagnostic tools that can improve the accuracy of predicting critical fetal conditions, as well as on the introduction of innovative therapeutic measures aimed at improving placental hemodynamics, which will further optimize the timing of delivery.