Instrument For Sustainable Development Research Articles

Landscape-based design as an instrument for sustainable development in heritage conservation

Abstract The project for restoring and valorizing the “Jumelţ” iron furnace historical monument dating from the 19th century and located in Zimbru village, Arad County, has been substantiated by a series of analyses and specialized investigations. The landscape study, based on a hybrid methodology, has led to a specific set of knowledge of the local physical and social conditions and to the highlighting of the relations between the heritage object and its proximity. In conclusion, the knowledge generated by the landscape research has directly influenced the design process, has indicated the legitimacy of reconnecting the heritage monument to its context, as a non-speculative design approach, and has also facilitated the integration of sustainable development measures.

Waqf Sukuk as Instruments of Sustainable Development and Challenges of Issuing Them A Field Study in Malaysia

Sustainable development has recently emerged as one of the hottest issues in the field of socioeconomic development. Throughout the Islamic history, waqf has played an essential role in supporting the sustainable development of Muslim communities. This paper attempts to provide a state-of-the-art review of waqf sukuk with special focus on the Malaysian context. Qualitative method has been utilised to collect data. Six semi-structured interviews have been conducted with waqf and sukuk experts in Malaysia. Research has found that so far there has not been any issuance of waqf sukuk in Malaysia. Interviewed experts have rightly pointed out a number of Shariah, legal, regulatory and operational challenges facing the issuance of waqf sukuk in Malaysia. Challenges include the lack of awareness on the importance of waqf sukuk, besides the serious lack of skilled and competent human resources and staff working in waqf administration and governance.

Green Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as an Instrument for Sustainable Development

The purpose of this paper is to analyse green Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as an instrument to contribute to sustainable development. The research of the green PPPs in their international context and the innovative mechanisms for their financial support and implementation is made through a review of their role in the global sustainable development agenda and the policy of the European Union as well as a survey of several case studies. The conceptual framework contains the theoretical background of green PPPs as innovative investment solutions, and the discussion of the results is presented afterwards. The author gives recommendations for overcoming the challenges of the green economy, especially the perception of the collaboration between the private and public sectors in accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Particular attention is paid to the new dimensions of cooperation as one of the key factors for achieving better socio-economic and environmental conditions.

The Use of EU Territorial Cooperation Funds for the Sustainable Development of National and Ethnic Minorities in the Baltic Sea Region

The integration processes taking place in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) are contributing to the sustainable development of this unique territory. Intensive cooperation financed from EU funds under the cohesion policy and the neighborhood policy have provided an opportunity for the development of ethnic and national minorities, who are important but still marginalized stakeholders. The theoretical aim of the article is to identify the attributes of national and ethnic minorities and to indicate key determinants of their sustainable development. The authors seek to answer whether territorial cooperation in the BSR contributes to the development of national and ethnic minorities, and if so, how. In the article, concepts and definitions related to the term “minority” are verified, classifications are developed and a model of sustainable development of ethnic and national minorities is built. Official statistical data are used to present the national and ethnic structure of the BSR countries. Then, 22 national minorities and 17 ethnic minorities are identified and described. Quantitative and qualitative research was carried out on 126 territorial cooperation projects supporting the development of national and ethnic minorities totaling EUR 85.25 million in value and implemented within 38 BSR programs in 2000–2020. The Sami minority were the greatest beneficiaries of the cooperation. Territorial cooperation projects have been shown to contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage and the development of education, social support and political empowerment. Territorial cooperation is a powerful instrument of sustainable development. Unfortunately, it still contributes only moderately to the development of national and ethnic minorities. There is a need to strengthen this issue in future programs of the cohesion policy and the neighborhood policy and to develop systemic solutions enabling national and ethnic minorities to participate more actively in the implementation of territorial cooperation projects.

From mine industries to a place of culture, tourism, research and higher education: case study of the great mine Serbariu

PurposeThis study aims to explore how closed factories could be transformed and provide a path for sustainable development for a territory. The authors focus on the case of the Great Mine Serbariu, located in Carbonia (Sardinia), which used to be the largest coal mine in Italy between 1939 and 1964.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a qualitative research design based on an exploratory single-case study, drawing on interviews with the main stakeholders, on a survey conducted among 5,158 visitors, and on administrative documentation of the City Council.FindingsThe analysis of the Great Mine Serbariu case showed that the regeneration of an exhausted mine serves a model of sustainable development, especially for the redevelopment of other urban and industrial degraded areas. The Great mine Serbariu was restored and turned into a place of culture, tourism, research and higher education, with the Italian Cultural Centre of Coal Mining (ICCCM) establishing its headquarters in the heart of the former mine. It attracted almost 220,000 visitors, generating both domestic and international tourist flows and making an industrial heritage a real resource for the area.Originality/valueThis article advances the authors’ understanding of how closed industries could become an instrument for sustainable development on the social, economic, touristic and cultural levels. This study would help local governments with examples to enhance the historical resources to create a new identity that led to a sustainable development of an urban landscape, and to create networks with other comparable museums all over Europe to better exploit the touristic and cultural potential.

Dampak Pelaksanaan Programa Penyuluhan Pertanian terhadap Kapasitas dan Ketahanan Ekonomi Petani Padi Sawah di Lingkungan Amohalo Kelurahan Baruga Kecamatan Baruga Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

Today's community-based development can be seen as one of the new paradigms in rural and agricultural development. Sustainable development, especially in rural areas, is pursued through increasing community empowerment and independence in realizing prosperity in all aspects of community life including the economic, socio-cultural, political and environmental fields. Community resilience is a process related to the capacity of the community after receiving a program or activity from a community empowerment program. In addition, community resilience is related to the adaptability of the community after receiving collective knowledge and skills and using the inherent capacity of individuals and communities in dealing with problems, so that community resilience is a concept that is currently used as an instrument of sustainable development. This study aims to determine the impact of implementing agricultural extension programs on the capacity and economic resilience of lowland rice farmers in the Amohalo neighborhood. This study uses a qualitative method. The process of collecting data was carried out by means of observation, interviews, literature studies and document studies. The results showed that the agricultural extension program implemented in the Amohalo Environment contributed to capacity building as seen by the increase in knowledge, attitudes and skills as well as institutional capabilities, especially cooperation and participation. Capacity building from the delivery of agricultural extension materials also builds community resilience in the Amohalo Environment, including the economic aspect consisting of a diverse & creative economy and income.

Forest biotechnology: economic aspects and conservation implications

The importance of forest ecosystems for ecological balance and as a reservoir of genetic heritage and biodiversity is evident, the need for conservation is further exalted by the great anthropic pressure suffered by these ecosystems due to the increasing demand of the forest sector. The possibility of using biotechnological practices to combine conservation with sustainable economic development emerges as a promising alternative for the recovery and use of forest species, especially those threatened with extinction. The aims of the article is to demonstrate the main aspects of Forest Biotechnology with regard to conservation and the continuity of the supply of the demand of the economic sector. The central role of wood in economic development has led to the intense exploitation of forest ecosystems, which has resulted in the loss of biodiversity and reduced capacity to meet the demands of the sector. The tools of forest biotechnology, when employed in the optimization of conservation, allow a compatibilization with commercial production, acting as instruments of sustainable development. Forestry Biotechnology acts as an instrument to reconcile conservation with economic development, including forests at the heart of a strategy for a sustainable future.

Práticas interdisciplinares na educação ambiental: caminhos para a sustentabilidade

A Educação Ambiental caracteriza-se como uma prática educativa integrada, contínua e permanente na dimensão socioambiental e deve ser vista como um tema “transversal”, que pode ser abordado nos currículos das diferentes áreas do conhecimento. É imprescindível salientar que o direito à educação de qualidade referente às práticas ambientais deve ser pensado e priorizado em seu desenvolvimento, pois esse possibilitará a consolidação de subsídios para a efetivação de um trabalho eficaz e de qualidade, que resulte em equilíbrio do ambiente saudável para todas as formas de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é através de uma abordagem teórica, trazer para a discussão a importância da interdisciplinaridade no contexto da Educação Ambiental e sua contribuição para a sensibilização do ser humano como integrante do sistema ecológico e, ainda tratar de forma sistêmica o tema, sob a ótica do conjunto dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável-Agenda 2030. O método utilizado é indutivo, uma vez que a partir da relação entre enunciados básicos particulares, permite chegar a uma conclusão geral. Diante do exposto, pode-se inferir que a dimensão ambiental se configura como uma questão que diz respeito a um conjunto de atores do universo educativo, pedagógico e substancial, potencializando o envolvimento dos diversos sistemas de conhecimento, necessários para promover o debate e a busca por resultados, constituindo assim, a Educação Ambiental como instrumento para o desenvolvimento sustentável.

The 2050 Africa’s Integrated Maritime Strategy: The Combined Exclusive Maritime Zone of Africa as an instrument of sustainable development of the African Large Marine Ecosystems

Abstract: The large marine ecosystems (LMEs) and the combined exclusive maritime zone of Africa (CEMZA) have in common that they are instruments making it possible to overcome the division of the African Maritime Domain into almost 40 national maritime domains. After identifying the eight LMEs around Africa and exploring the CEMZA concept within the context of the 2050 Africa’s Integrated Maritime Strategy, the paper attempts to ascertain the extent to which the establishment of the CEMZA could contribute to the sustainable development of the African LMEs and concludes that, while this contribution would be limited, it could be significant at the monitoring and enforcement levels.

Sustainable development of coal-based circular economy park: a case study

China is one of the world’s largest producing and consuming countries of coal. In decades, the coal-based resource type cities of China are facing economic reduction and environment degradation, because of the rapid resource exhaustion and single industrial structure. However, as a policy instrument for sustainable development, a nationwide circular economy model has been implemented at the strategic plan of new coal mines to succeed in the future dilemmas of economic depression, energy shortage, and environmental pollution. Generally, most of the coal resources are buried in the underdeveloped north-western areas with a more vulnerable eco-environment, which means a great distance between the energy supply source and the demand markets as well. Therefore, through comparing and analysing several successful coal-based circular industry chains, and discussion and evaluation of a new model of the circular economy park (CEP), this paper aims to enhance the understanding of coal mine sustainable development and shed light on the relationship between resource exploitation and local economic development.

The Role of the World Bank in the Inclusive Financing of Tourism as an Instrument of Sustainable Development

It is widely accepted that tourism, given the right conditions, can be an important instrument of economic growth and a means of improving the quality of life for the societies in which it is implemented, particularly in developing territories. International financial institutions are aware of the role that tourism can play in this regard and, accordingly, have included it within their strategies to further sustainable development and financial inclusion. The World Bank is one of the institutions working to foster tourism, although, interestingly, it only began working in this area very recently (2016). This paper analyses the role of the World Bank in the inclusive financing of tourism as an instrument of sustainable development and compares it with the finance allocated to another four sectors in the branch of trade and industry. To this end, using a system of indicators previously tested in the literature, it analyses a total of ninety-two projects directly related with tourism, trade, manufacture, services, and housing construction activity. The results obtained, when compared to the finance allocated to other sectors of trade and industry (to which tourism also belongs), indicate that the World Bank’s financing of tourism could sharpen its focus on financial inclusion, which would ensure greater efficiency and efficacy in the attainment of its poverty reduction and development goals.

Recovering-Innovation-Exportation Triangle as an Instrument for Sustainable Development: Proposal for Peruvian Agro-Export Development

This study aims to investigate one of the most traditional Peruvian income generators: the agricultural sector, addressing specifically endogenous fruits. Based on sales data related to local and external markets, it is shown that nowadays farmers from several regions and towns have changed the practice of sowing endogenous fruits for the trading of lands and the sowing of other types of products. This has caused the farmer’s economic and social recoil within the agricultural sector. We restrict our study to the case of lucuma (Pouteria Lucuma), an endogenous fruit possessing excellent nutritional properties and exotic flavor that can be used for the production of a variety of products. These features make it an exportable product with great acceptance in international markets, but mainly in its dehydrated form. Therefore, in order to stimulate farmers’ exporting opportunities, it is necessary to transform their products by employing clean technologies that, at the same time, reduce production costs. In this sense, we propose a set of strategies to revitalize the sowing of lucuma in regions where it used to be cultivated, as well as to promote a sustainable business program based on the use of an innovative proposal for hybrid solar dehydration process (dehydration process that preserves the organoleptic properties, which is different from other processes). This will assist the commercialization of farmers’ products in local and international markets, as well as complying with the quality standards required for agro-export.

Territorial planning and state support as an instruments of sustainable development of coastal resort regions (on the example of Krasnodar region of Russia)

The town-planning history of development of resort coastal territories of the Krasnodar region of Russia has the features. Resort coastal territories have high potential of development therefore in recent years their development goes especially quickly. The reason of it is favorable, unique even for the Black Sea coast, a combination in the region of climatic conditions, which are necessary for creation of the climatic resort area here. The major task various Federal and regional programs of development, both all region, and it is certain coastal marine territories, - to keep optimum balance between resort and recreational and other possible options of use of such territories. Conceptual approaches to development of coastal resort territories of the Krasnodar region of Russia are presented in article. New decisions and offers in development of the Concept of General plans of the coastal cities have to be based on the analysis of new conditions in various contexts of development (natural, anthropogenic, engineering). They have to consider all difficulties of the numerous influencing factors and to be coordinated to the purposes of further complex development of unique mountain and sea recreational and resort agglomerations.

The Spin-Off as an Instrument of Sustainable Development: Incentives for Creating an Academic USO

In recent years, universities and public authorities have increasingly focused on creating USOs (university spin-offs) as a method of transferring research results to society and of achieving the sustainable development sought by European institutions. However, the success of these policies depends on the appeal of creating a USO for academics. The aim of this research was to examine the relative importance of certain factors that may boost academic entrepreneurship and, therefore, to guide public policies. To do this, a qualitative study was carried out among 42 researchers from Spanish universities and research centres to understand their motivations for creating a USO. A quantitative study was then carried out, based on Conjoint Analysis and with a sample of 1726 academics, to identify the relative importance of six conditions that influence their predisposition to become entrepreneurs. This technique is seldom used in the field of entrepreneurship and, to the best of our knowledge, has never been used before to analyse academic entrepreneurship. The results of the study show that personal economic benefit is clearly the factor that heightens the intention to create a USO the most. Research benefit, CV benefit, support programmes, teaching reduction and personal cost are of lesser importance. The study also concludes that there are few differences according to the academic’s profile.

Exploração econômica do látex da hevea brasiliensis no desenvolvimento da região norte do Brasil

A humanidade vive num planeta finito, com recursos naturais também finitos, as relações da evolução da sociedade com o meio ambiente, pela agilidade e intensidade das intervenções antrópicas, caracterizam-se por um descompasso com os ciclos naturais, o desgaste e a degradação da natureza ocorrem de forma acelerada, sem que ela tenha tempo de resiliência. Este trabalho procura colaborar na tarefa de aprofundar a discussão sobre desenvolvimento regional sustentável, visando conciliar o desenvolvimento econômico da exploração do Látex com a conservação do meio ambiente, com objetivo geral de investigar a exploração econômica do látex no desenvolvimento da Região Norte do Brasil, apresentando a seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável, evidenciado com exploração do látex como um negócio socioambiental de longo prazo. Para realização do presente estudo foi realizado uma revisão de literatura sobre a temática com fundamento em diversos autores para tomada de decisão da pesquisa exploratória, consistindo na explicitação das teorias e conceitos que ajudaram na compreensão do objeto da pesquisa em questão. A exploração econômica proveniente da extração do látex da seringueira na Região Norte do Brasil é uma atividade tradicional, presente desde muitas décadas. E por muitos anos dominou a economia regional, o que se faz necessário em tempos atuais uma pesquisa sobre a temática do que já foi a base econômica da região. Com a realização do presente trabalho constatou-se que a exploração econômica do látex da seringueira tem se mostrado não só como um negócio lucrativo, mas também um instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável viável para Região Norte do Brasil. Os problemas do meio ambiente são globais, mas as soluções são locais, e em tempos atuais a humanidade caminha para desenvolver técnicas de conservação e preservação do ar, da água e do solo para combater os problemas ambientais que venham a prejudicar qualquer que seja a parte integrante do meio ambiente, agregando as dimensões sociais, ecológicas, tecnológicas e econômicas ao meio ambiente.

The Alternative Way to Deal with the Cyprus Co-Op Bank 'Socialising the Losses and Privatising the Gains Part 3'

The author has written two articles on the subject of “the Deal” sought and negotiated by the Government for privatising the ailing Co-Op Bank in Cyprus. In this paper he continues with “Socialising the losses and privatising the gains - Part 3” which provides an alternative proposal than the one that the Government arrived at with Hellenic Bank. It makes the argument that the concessions made in desperation to the Hellenic Bank (which was the only bidder) can be employed with less risk for the people and more usefully for the economy to create a new financing institution which would undertake the much needed task of reconstructing and developing the economy on a sound and solid footing. The deal reached with the Hellenic Bank and put forward for Parliamentary approval is fraught with many risks and comes at very high costs for the Cypriot tax payer. There is another, a better way to diffuse the Co-Op conundrum and turn it into a positive instrument for sustainable development. But we begin with Part 2 which is presented again below by the subtitle of Collateral Damage in order to put Part 3 on the Alternative way into context.

Re-appraising Regulatory Framework of Planning and Land Law System towards Sustainable Development in Malaysia

This paper is produced from an initial background of a research and based on the outlined objectives: I) to assess the principles of planning law and land law systems in Malaysia as an instrument for sustainable development. II) to identify the shortcomings in the use of present legislative framework and approaches between Town and Country Planning Act 1976 and National Land Code 1965. The paper is purely based on literature review and the current understanding of the regulatory framework with further identification on key problems and conflicts that involved between both laws.Keywords: Planning law; Land law; Sustainable; DevelopmenteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Spatial Planning as a Tool for Sustainable Development. Polish Realities

Sustainable development is currently the basic philosophy of shaping socio-economic development. It seeks to ensure that the improvement of living conditions and development of the economy are reconciled and the proper conditions for the functioning of the natural environment are maintained. The achievement of such objectives requires the use of numerous and varied instruments that include spatial planning whose goals are to protect and harmonize various ways of using geographic spatial resources. The role of spatial planning as an instrument for sustainable development is appreciated in international and Polish theoretical literature. Polish legislation also states, to an increasing extent, that the need for sustainable development should be regarded as the basis of spatial development. However, the reality is that the consecutive Polish spatial planning systems have created mechanisms that have aggravated spatial conflicts, including the excessive and extensive use of space. It has resulted from the privileged position given by consecutive legal solutions to a certain category of space users at the expense of other stakeholders and the natural environment. Therefore, the effective use of spatial planning to ensure sustainable development requires the creation of a new system of planning that balances the interests of various users of space.

Measuring the noise cost of aviation – The association between the Limited Use Area around Warsaw Chopin Airport and property values

The interactions between air transport activities, airport location, local society and the regional economy are of great importance in policy decisions. Air traffic growth enhances the development of the economy and brings benefits to users. On the other hand, negative externalities are borne to great extent by the local community. Sustainable development policy requires all the effects caused by the provision of air services to be included in a comprehensive assessment of air transport activities. The objectives of this study were to discuss the role of air transport development policy as an instrument for sustainable development, investigate the external costs of aviation with particular emphasis on the effect of Limited Use Area (LUA) related to aviation noise on the local community, and estimate to what degree this impact stabilizes over a period of time. The social cost of noise was evaluated through a complementary market, namely a change in the value of properties located in an area affected by airport activities. Hedonic price modelling was applied to evaluate the association between the LUA being established on the basis of the actual and predicted noise related to the operation of the Warsaw Chopin Airport, the largest airport in Poland, and housing prices in Warsaw. The estimates suggested that the impact of aviation noise on land use policy had implications for the housing market. The results of the study showed that aviation noise was negatively associated with the price value of apartments in multifamily buildings. However, the degree of this association changed over time. After policy intervention and the official implementation of the actual LUA around Warsaw Airport in 2011, the decrease in the price value of dwellings located within the LUA was stronger.

INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF BUDGETARY-TAX INSTRUMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SPHERES OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

The necessity of overcoming the economic crisis in our country and taking the domestic economy to the trajectory of rapid, stable and high-quality growth determine the needs to identify the budget-tax instruments for sustainable development of the economy and bringing the social sphere of the regions to the central place in the system of economic policy instruments of the Russian Federation. The unsolved problems of the effectiveness of fiscal and budgetary instruments objectively make the financial bloc the leading subject of regional management. Meanwhile, the years of market reforms, other intensive financial and economic transformations and practical fiscal tools designed to ensure sustainable development of the regional economy and the social sphere do not seem to be perfect at all. This article is devoted to solving these problems in the Krasnodar Territory.