Instrument For Rural Development Research Articles

Crop Residues Based Pellets Market Opportunities in India

Ever increasing use of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, contributing significantly to global warming and a great deal of harm to the environment. It is of utmost necessity to develop green sources of energy not only to generate power but most importantly to reduce the impact of energy production on the environment. In addition to the climate challenges, we are now facing challenges related to high energy prices and the high risk of supply shortages. Energy and, in particular, the clean energy is an important topic that needs special attention by the scientific community World-wide and, more so, in the context of the developing countries. Renewable energy should be looked as the most important instrument for the socioeconomic development, eradication of poverty and unemployment and an instrument of rural development. Amongst potential renewable energy sources, biomass can play an important role in achieving a net-zero carbon emissions and can be used to produce electricity, transportation fuels, or chemicals. Development of small to medium size technologies for power production in order to allow the exploitation of low value feedstocks, such as biomass residues from forest management, agro-industrial, agricultural sectors and wood industries, are of importance, especially in the context of the developing country, like India. It is in the above context that to address many challenges, such like biomass collection, processing, storage and its transportation to the point of ultimate utilization an important idea to develop decentralized model involving Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), farmers cooperatives, etc. in production of crop residue pellets or terrified pellets at village level, has been discussed in the present paper.

Зарубежный опыт развития социальной инфраструктуры села

The development of social infrastructure facilities in rural areas is an instrument of rural development in foreign countries and the basis for the development and implementation of programs of state support for the rural population and the development of social infrastructure in rural areas, which is relevant for use in Russian conditions.

Role of Community in Rural Tourism- A Pilot Study Conducted at Kumbalgodu Panchayat, Karnataka

The importance of rural tourism has been widely recognized as an important factor in the development of rural areas. Rural tourism is an instrument for rural development considered to enhance productivity, and income to generate long-term benefits for the villagers. Rural tourism constitutes many varied forms and is pursued for different reasons. Tourism is an innovative idea to promote and regenerate economic growth in rural areas where agriculture collapses and help in diversifying the dispersed marginal agricultural area into adventure tourism or cultural tourism. Rural-based tourism helps in the conservation of local resources. Rural tourism means, any form of tourism that showcases the rural life, art, culture and heritage at rural locations thereby benefiting the local community economically and socially. The social entrepreneurs play a vital role in the rural destination development. Many peripheral rural areas face significant challenges in terms of sustaining communities and attracting tourists. Rural development is important for overall economic development of the country. Through the activation of panchayat raj institutions, it is possible to improve the lifestyle and prosperous of the rural community by providing self-employment, improved infrastructural facilities like communication and road facilities, proper drinking water facilities, highway connectivity, electricity, education, health facilities and many more.

Traditional Institutions as Instrument for Rural Development in Ilorin Emirate of Kwara State, Nigeria

Traditional Institutions as Instrument for Rural Development in Ilorin Emirate of Kwara State, Nigeria

Motivational Factors, Job Satisfaction, and Economic Performance in Romanian Small Farms

The agricultural sector ensures food security and is a major source of employment, income, and economic activity in rural areas. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) considers that family farms are the key to a sustainable future in Europe and Central Asia. In Romania, small farms represent the pillar on which Romanian society has been developed. Although the trend has been a reduction in the number of small farms and an increase in the number of large farms, the Government of Romania understands the importance of small farms and therefore supports them through policies involving direct payments, rural development instruments, special initiatives, and loans and outstanding obligations, among others, which focus on increasing their economic performance. The aim of our research was to determine the relationship between farmers’ motivation, their job satisfaction, and the farm economic performance in the case of small Romanian farms. The research sample consisted of 900 small farms (utilized agricultural area (UAA): under 20 ha; standard output (SO): under EUR 15,000). The data obtained after applying the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and Amos 24.0. For the exploratory factor analysis, values of Bartlett’s test of sphericity, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were calculated for each dimension of the proposed model. The hypothesis that motivation, job satisfaction, and farm economic performance directly and positively influence each other was confirmed. An important finding was that the correlation coefficient between farmers’ motivation and farm economic performance was ρ = 0.78, while that for the relation between farmers’ job satisfaction and farm economic performance was ρ = 0.53, which was similar to the correlation coefficient calculated for the relationship between farmers’ motivation and farmers’ job satisfaction. This result allows us to conclude that the influence of farmers’ motivation factors on farm economic performance is stronger than the influence of job satisfaction in the case of Romanian farmers on small farms. This might explain why, although work in agriculture is considered to be worse than an office job and the people that work in agriculture are sometimes stigmatized and receive lower incomes, there are still very strong motivators for Romanian farmers to continue their work in agriculture. This is proven by the fact that Romania has the highest number of small farms in Europe, and this number is not decreasing.

Development frames in peripheralized areas of Romania

ABSTRACT This paper explores the potentials and limits of using European structural and investment (ESI) funds for rural development in one of the least developed areas of Central and Eastern Europe: Romania’s Sălaj county. The research draws on peripheralization as a key theoretical concept and on frame analysis as a heuristic framework for understanding the effects of policy instruments on development capacities in peripheral places. Desk research and semi-structured interviews reveal how local leaders identify the challenges they face and how they articulate development perspectives in relation to available policies. The key findings are twofold. First, that ESI-funded rural development instruments tend to favour place-blind interventions that do little to address peripheries’ economic weakness and lack of institutional capacity. Second, it can be observed that the implementation of ESI funds has so far only marginally stimulated new styles of policy action that shift local actors’ behaviour and expectations of the development policy system. To address growing intra-regional disparities, the case is made for more reflective policy design for strengthening institutional capacities and better integrating peripheries within their regional economies.

インドの農村開発としてのオペレーション・フラッド計画 ( 「途上国開発と地理学」)

インドの農村開発としてのオペレーション・フラッド計画 ( 「途上国開発と地理学」)

Reviving dairy co-operatives in Kashmir: what has been achieved?

Dairy cooperatives that are mandated to be an instrument of rural development have transformed the rural economy in several parts of the country. The present investigation was carried out to study the performance of dairy cooperatives in Kashmir region. The study is based on secondary data collected from J&K Milk Producers Cooperative Limited. The performance of dairy cooperative societies (DCS) was assessed in relative terms using indexing technique. The results indicated that the physical and financial performance of most of the DCS was far from satisfactory, primarily due to reduced membership and hence, low level of milk procurement. Out of 344 DCS analysed in the study, only a handful of 15 DCS had registered moderate to good level of performance.

Buddhist economics meets agritourism on the Thai farm

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both leisure and sustainability objectives can be achieved via Buddhist economics informed agritourism. Buddhist economics differs significantly from mainstream (neoclassical) economics in its ontological underpinning. This means that assumptions about human nature are different: the core values of mainstream economics are self-interest and competition in the pursuit of maximum welfare or utility; while in Buddhist economics, “self” includes oneself, society and nature, which are all simultaneously interconnected. The core values of Buddhist economics are compassion and collaboration through which well-being is achieved, leading to higher wisdom (pañña). Because of this, the interconnectedness of activities and relationships, even those not initially obviously so linked, is crucial. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical argument is illustrated by a pilot study of an agritourism, package tour to visit the properties of Thai farmers involved with a project known as “running a one rai farm to gain a one hundred thousand baht return”. The research is exploratory in character. Findings – A result of this study is to reveal agritourism as a significant market channel to promote sustainable agriculture. Originality/value – Agritourism can be considered an instrument for rural development with its contribution to positive economic impacts, providing economic opportunities to sustain financial security for the farming family, maintaining viability of the agricultural sector and local communities and creating jobs for rural residents together with sustainable agriculture.

Mgnrega in Jammu and Kashmir: Some field experiences

In connection with the policy parameters of the Union Government, the State of Jammu and Kashmir also adopted MGNERAGA as an instrument of rural development and employment generation from the beginning of Eleventh Five Year Plan. An attempt has been made in this paper to find out the targets and achievements and the awareness and utilization level of the programme in the state with special emphasis on district Anantnag. The results revealed that the level of employment has increased in two blocks that is Achabal and Khovripora from 11100 and 25084 man-days in 200708 to 99000 and 95000 man-days in 2010–11, respectively and that of block Qaimoh the data was not available for year 2007–08 and the employment level in block Qaimoh has increased from 5315 man-days during 2008–09 to 67000 in 2010–11. Since the first phase of implementation in 2006–07, the number of households issued job-cards increased from 3.786 crores to 11.983 crores in 2010–11, thus showing a significant increase of more than 250 percent

Village renewal as an instrument of rural development: evidence from Weyarn, Germany

Rural migrants are usually accused of contributing to urban poverty. This is different in Germany, where urban migrants are often accused of contributing to difficulties in rural living. These difficulties range from distortions in cultural lifestyle to loss of rural identity to unrealistic economic lifestyles. In an effort to help rural people respond to these challenges, the German government initiated a village renewal policy that allows rural communities decide on their future to rurally improve their living conditions. The objective of this study is to present the role village renewal plays as an instrument of rural development in Germany. It provides overview on the meaning and aims of village renewal, as well as its history in Germany. Using data from the local level in Germany, the research investigates how rural development can take place through the application of this instrument. Focusing on Weyarn Municipality, a rural area of upper Bavaria in southern Germany, the research specifically reveals how the community stemmed its emerging urbanization through the implementation of village renewal and regained its rural identity. Since many of the literatures on the subject are in German, this study contributes to the list of works on the subject in English.

Promoting Rural Development through the Use of Land Consolidation: The Case of Korea

In rapidly developing nations, industrialization and urbanization result in an urban–rural development gap whereby the standard of living in rural areas lags behind urban areas. This may cause further urbanization and a relative decline in rural areas. Governments have used many strategies to challenge this trend. Using the Republic of Korea as a case study, this paper investigates whether land consolidation, a place-making instrument that may be used to empower rural stakeholders through improving the structure of their properties, might become an instrument of rural development.

Agricultural Credit as an Instrument of Rural Development in Tanzania: A Case Study on the Credit Programme for Tractorization of Small Scale Agriculture in Morogoro Region

Agricultural Credit as an Instrument of Rural Development in Tanzania: A Case Study on the Credit Programme for Tractorization of Small Scale Agriculture in Morogoro Region

Agrarian reforms in Latin America: A framework and an instrument of rural development

Rural poverty is one of the more persistent problems of less developed countries, and land reform is a frequently advocated solution. This paper examines the prospects for land reform both by itself and in conjunction with other policies. The prospects for a rural development strategy consisting only of land reform are not good. We find that any development programme must address more than just land tenure patterns if it is to have a significant impact on rural or urban poverty. However, even though land reform alone is not an adequate solution, it is an ideal framework within which other policies can be implemented. Land reform realizes its greatest potential when it serves as such a framework for other policies.