Instrument Of Regional Development Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО- ФИНАНСОВЫХ И ТОРГОВЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ И РОССИИ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ДИСБАЛАНСОВ

The Vietnamese economy is on the rise, but faces a number of problems. One of the most serious is interregional inequality, which is aggravated in the conditions of modern restrictions and international sanctions. The authors of the article show that the nature of interregional inequality in Vietnam and Russia has much in common. Due to the high concentration of financial and investment resources in several territorial points of growth, there is an intensive development of the regions around these points, the rest of the regions to some extent lag the leading regions in economic development. The Vietnamese government has dealt with the problem of significant inter-regional disparities with varying degrees of success. Among the most notable instruments of regional development aimed at reducing inter-regional inequality are international investment projects at the regional level, cross-border cooperation, development of special territories and industrial zones. Considering the common nature of interregional inequality, it is possible for Russia and Vietnam to exchange experience and jointly develop projects aimed at developing a science-based regional policy aimed at reducing interregional inequality.

Welche Nationalparke braucht Deutschland?


 
 
 National parks are the oldest and most popular category of protected areas worldwide. They focus on two main issues: firstly the protection of nature, undisturbed natural processes and the conservation of biodiversity. Due to the long history of cultural landscapes and the comparably dense population of Central Europe multifold conflicts in land use evolve. Therefore this target is difficult to achieve. Secondly nature tourism is a goal of national parks – last not least to make the idea of wilderness tangible. Being situated in structural weak regions of the rural periphery, national parks can be seen as instruments for regional development. Outdoor recreation and tourism offer this possibility, especially in sparsely settled regions with further declining population figures. Spatial planning institutions should care for this development, thus creating new regional identities in lagging areas in the long run. 20 national parks are claimed to be sufficient for Germany. They are to fill the blank gaps on a representative map of Central Europe’s biomes, including moorlands, riverine forests, beech- and mixed deciduous forests as well as marine environments. Especially large interconnected woodlands and former military training areas offer possibilities for future declarations of national parks. In order to fulfill the requirements of nature protection and visitor management national parks should cover an area of at least 10,000 ha.
 
 
 
 
 

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ТРАКТОВКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

The persisting interregional imbalances in the level of socio-economic development of the country’s regions and the absence of a unified state regulatory framework (specifying the goals, objectives, mechanisms and instruments of regional development) «revives» the question of interpreting the term «regional policy» itself. In such conditions, the assessment of the effectiveness of regional economic policy (REP) becomes not only dependent on the subjective interests of researchers, but also multivariate according to the applied methodological approaches. However, outside the context of a clear positioning of the content of basic terms in a given object-subject area, it becomes unlikely that a reasonable adjustment of the applied measures to optimize the socio-economic development of the region becomes. The article examines the factors that significantly affect the spatial development of the economy of the country’s regions. An overview analysis of conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the sources of economic growth is carried out. The specific features of macro- and micro-approaches to assessing the effectiveness of measures to support regions are characterized and a subjective model of the «pyramid» of regional development factors is presented. On the basis of the author’s interpretation of the term «efficiency of regional economic policy», general conclusions are presented on the dynamics of the emerging research mainstream in domestic publications and in the context of the effectiveness of tools for implementing the selected REU model. The alternative points of view on the feasibility of using specific indicators for assessing regional economic policy, proposed by domestic and foreign researchers, are presented. Taking into account the key problems in the changing geo-economic dynamics, a primary review of two basic approaches to the study of the specifics of the problems of the country’s regions is carried out

К вопросу об оценке государственной политики по развитию Дальнего Востока России

A brief overview of the evolution of the new public policy for the development of the Russian Far East is presented. Thanks to active federal policy, the Far East macroregion became a testing ground for new mechanisms and instruments of regional development aimed at stimulating economic growth and promoting private investment. Currently, there is no other macroregion in Russia within which all the possible investment promotion policy tools and measures are in operation. An inventory of budget expenditures (including shortfalls in income) relating to the implementation of measures to stimulate economic growth and promote private investments in the Far East of Russia is conducted. The direct results of the implemented policy (the volume of attracted investments, the number of jobs created, the volume of tax payments) are summarized. Although it is still premature to talk about the high budgetary efficiency of preferential regimes in the Far East of Russia, there is a widespread opinion among the official circles about the uniqueness of the created system for supporting the investment process. This view is primarily based on the high value of the private to public investments ratio pertaining to preferential regimes in Russia’s Far East. A comparative analysis of the performance of the key macro-indicators of the Far East economy and those of the rest of the Russian Federation is carried out for two comparable periods: five years before and five years from the beginning of the implementation of the federal policy. It is concluded that the active policy of creating favourable conditions for investment in the Russian Far East is not yet transformed into the desired pace of the socio-economic dynamics. Such a dissonance with optimistic assessments of the implemented measures and instruments introduced for the development of the macroregion prompts the question of whether the goals of public policy for the development of the Far East are consistent with the means used to achieve them. The starting point for finding an answer to this question is the difference in understanding the content of the categories ‘growth’ and ‘development’

Behavioural Survey of Local Inhabitants’ Views and Attitudes about Slovak Karst National Park in Slovakia

Park-people relationships are crucial for the effective operation of national parks (NPs). According to this new paradigm, protected areas are increasingly considered as instruments for regional development, particularly in marginal regions. However, park-people relationships often comprise conflicts. We tried to understand park-people relationships through the views and attitudes of local people living in or around the area of the Slovak Karst NP, which is found in a marginal, less developed region within Slovakia. We carried out a questionnaire survey and applied multidimensional statistical methods for the results. We identified four attitude dimensions and six local people clusters. Clusters were compared in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, views on NP tasks, attitudes towards the NP, tourism and nature, as well as migration intentions. We found that 45% of the sampled population had positive attitudes towards the NP and nature, 29.5% were neutral and 25.5% had somewhat negative feelings. Results showed that the personal economic situation, the relationship with tourism, age, education level and profession all influence the attitude of local people towards the NP. As for the socio-economic development of the region, we found that till now, the Slovak Karst NP had only a limited role. Nonetheless, understanding the views and attitudes of local people may help to refine the NP strategy. Results suggest that NP management should strengthen the interaction with local communities and improve resource efficiency through a participatory approach to preserve natural values, improve the quality of life and stop outward migration from the region.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЮ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The article outlines ways to solve the problem of transforming budget tools of regional development. It is indicated on the need to reorient the management of the region towards achieving financial independence. A tool for achieving this goal should be a regional budget policy adequate to economic conditions, based on the use of regional development tools, including regional programs that increase the financial potential of the region and increase its financial independence.The conducted research has shown that the solution of the problem of transformation of budgetary instruments of regional development is largely determined by the quality of formation of the mechanism of financing of the relevant regional target programs. For the time being, the regions whose operation is most dependent on state aid grants are in a particularly difficult situation, characterized by a reduction in the volume of state budget subsidies, with many regions being able to use mainly their own financial resources for development. This restriction necessitates the reorientation of regional governance towards financial independence. A tool for achieving this goal should be regional budgetary policies based on the use of regional development instruments, which include regional programs that enhance the financial potential of the region and increase its financial autonomy, as appropriate to economic conditions.The effectiveness of the use of budgetary instruments of regional development largely depends on the powers and responsibilities of various participants in their implementation. It is about participating in all stages – creation, implementation, implementation and financing of the target program. The problems that arise in coordinating the actions of the initiators, customers and executors are complex in nature and, in our opinion, due to the imperfection of the legislative framework, as well as various regional conditions for the implementation of the programs, which is the basis for further research.

Теоретические и нормативные основы некоммерческой концессии

Theoretical aspects of noncommercial concession use are considered in the article. It will allow to increase significantly efficiency of regional and local governing bodies interaction, and therefore the standard of living of municipalities population. The emphasis is placed on regulation of the noncommercial concession relations by the contract, determined by the regional law, and also other elements of the mechanism of noncommercial concession use for regional development. The main components of noncommercial concession contracts are considered, priority attention is paid to the new rights and obligations of the parties, arising in connection with the conclusion of the relevant contracts and reflecting novelty of this regions development instrument. The complete mechanism of noncommercial concession use for acceleration of social and economic development of municipalities and regions allows to carry out complex impact on basic spheres of the population`s activity for significant improvement of the situation. Use of noncommercial concession in the region is resulted by alignment of social and economic development of municipalities, granting to citizens jobs, goods and services in the place of residence, that allows to lower a population overflow, solving thereby problems of critical decrease in population of some territories and overpopulation of others. Noncommercial concession is the universal instrument of regional development and can be applied, after approbation on the basis of one or several regions, in all regions of the Russian Federation.

Concept of smart specialization in the context of the development of Ukraine`s economy

Introduction. Over recent years, Ukraine has made considerable efforts in shaping the current state policy for the development of regions, where priority development of the territories is a further reformation of the system, which together will ensure the country's economic growth. Therefore, it is precisely today that has never before been given special attention to the European innovation concept of the development of regions on the basis of smart specialization.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the smart specialization approach to the development of the policy of regional development of Ukraine, namely: 1) studying the concept of smart specialization, its principles and essence; 2) determining the boundaries specialization as a tool in the development of the region; 3) development of recommendations based on the use of analytical methods to identify potential priority areas of smart specialization.
 Results. The article analyzes smart-specialization, as an instrument of regional development, allows to integrate the key aspects of vital functions and development and instrumental in an active collaboration and co-operation of different participants of process of development for the sake of creation of general prospect, and also foresees creation of unique resources and possibilities on the basis of unique industrial, of a particular branch structures and proper base of knowledge. The use of smart-specialization, as to the instrument of development of regions, is regulated four simple rules: choice and critical mass; competitor advantage; interconnection and clusters; general management, - that behave to the sphere of researches and innovations which are also used in other spheres, and in particular to social, economic, protective environment and others like that.
 Conclusions. For Ukraine, implemented models of smart specialization is an urgent task, and on its basis it is possible to unlock the regional potential for structural and technological changes, as well as industrial modernization of innovative principles. This is important in terms of overcoming the destructive tendencies of conservation of the inefficient economic structure of the regions of Ukraine based on the artificial identification of certain industrial regions as priority.

Territory Branding as an Instrument of Regional Development (as Exemplified by the Republic of Crimea)

Today in the scientific community and among the practicing experts in the field of tourism there are not enough research findings, which would reveal specifics of tourism development on the Crimean peninsula, potential prospects and approaches to current problems of tourist services for the Russian Federation residents. The article considers different types of tourism in the Republic of Crimea from 2014 to 2017 after its joining the Russian Federation. Having analyzed historical, economic, geographical and other specific features of the region as well as statistical data the author reveals peculiarities of tourism development in the Crimea and Sevastopol, describes opportunities to promote tourist services. The article states problems and prospects of tourism business in the region in the context of territory branding as an important component of territory marketing. The article concludes that it is necessary to develop cultural and informative tourism in the Crimea and to implement a systematic program-oriented approach to organizing exhibition activities in larger cities of the peninsula as well as in the region in general.

Clusters as an adaptable regional development measure to mitigate perceived competitive disadvantages

European public policy is intensively supporting clusters as instruments for regional development. Clusters seem to be ubiquitous across Europe. However, economic conditions and institutional constraints in European regions differ substantially. This paper analyses which competitive disadvantages local companies perceive and how the offered cluster services are tailored to address these perceived problems. With the value adding web perspective we analyse two groups of economically weaker regions: transition economies and structurally weaker regions in non-transition economies. We show that the perceived competitive disadvantages differ essentially. Companies in transition economies mainly face obstacles that are rooted in institutional voids. Companies in structurally weaker regions are confronted with blind spot disadvantages. The article demonstrates, that clusters are adaptable to perceived disadvantages and blind spot disadvantages are perceived as 'less important' local problems. This contributes to recognise clusters as a tool to spur regional development and to the debate on smart specialisation of regions.

Polityka oparta na klastrach w dokumentach strategicznych regionów Polski Wschodniej

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify, on the basis of the assumptions of strategic documents of the voivodships of Eastern Poland, the interest of regional authorities in clusters as instruments of regional development, implementation of innovations and regional specializations and support provided for their development.Research method – The desk research technique was used for the realization of the objective. The strategic documents (i.e. regional development strategies and regional innovation strategies) from the following voivodeships: Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Lubelskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie, Świetokrzyskie were analysed.Results – The results of the analysis show that despite the interest of the authorities in clusters as tools for activating the development of the regions, most documents lack any defined policy solutions based on clusters.

Формирование организационной структуры управления социально-экономическим развитием региона на базе использования некоммерческой концессии (на примере Костромской области)

Within the new instrument of regional development invented by the author — noncommercial concession — needed a reinforcement submitted in the previous publications of theoretical, legal and other aspects, by the organizational aspect. Avoiding offers to revolutionize process of regional development, it is offered to bring into accord with structure of bodies of federal level of management the relevant structures of regional and municipal bodies, and to create on their base the working groups, occupied with the solution of the specific problems, which subjects of management are facing, and also to carry out the development planning, coinciding on terms and resources in territorial and branch cuts.

Outsiders or Leaders? The Role of Higher Education Institutions in the Development of Peripheral Regions

Policy makers’ interest in higher education institutions (HEIs) as instruments for regional development has increased in recent years, but evidence on the role of HEIs in peripheral regions remains unclear. In this article, we focus on the actual practices of HEIs in such regions. Specifically, we combine theories on the roles of HEIs and regional leadership in a case study of four HEIs (two in the Czech Republic and two in Norway) and their engagement in the development of their host regions. Our analysis shows that the HEIs engage in their host regions through their primary mission of teaching.

Regional Ambassadors – An Innovative Element for the Development of Rural Areas?

Abstract Rural regions in Austria have been under increasing pressure for change in the last decades. On a regional level, varying development patterns of shrinkage and growth arise alongside economic, demographic and social parameters. In this paper, regional ambassador concepts will be explicated as a new instrument of regional development. Additionally, potential positive impacts of these approaches on the problems faced by rural, structurally weak regions will be highlighted. Notable advantages of these approaches are network and feedback effects between stakeholders. These, in turn, are capable of improving the economic and social situation in those regions. However, these measures require a high degree of control capacities which structurally weak areas often lack.

Retrospective Analysis of Development of Special Economical Zones in the Russian Federation

Advance of special economical zones is an integrated economical instrument of regional development. The primary goal of economical zones creation is solution of region questions in strategic, territorial, social, economical, scientific and technological aspects. To resolve the main governmental and regional tasks in countries with developed and developing economy special territories that get special tax and economical privileges and special legal status for attraction of national and foreign investors are created. Thus, the special economical zones promote development of priority branches of national economy, small- and mid-sized enterprises, fruitful interaction between business entities and government. In the paper stages of development and effectiveness of applying special economical zones on the example of economy of the Russian Federation are considered, features of zones’ functioning peculiar to definite historical period of national economy development. The main goal of research performed by authors is the analysis of the features of special economical zones’ functioning at the modern stage of national economy development. There are also an overview of special economical zones functioning today on the territory of Russia and the results of their application. The present work is the attempt of authors to expose multidimensional nature of “special economical zones” category. The key reasons for low-effective activity of separate economical zones on the territory of Russian Federation. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s3p319

INNOVATIVE MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF INTERREGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASYMMETRY IN UKRAINE

In the article there are analyzed the need for development and implementation of innovation-oriented regional development policy, and development of new innovative instruments of regional development that would be effective in terms of Ukraine's transition to a market economic system, as well as the essence of innovation potential and its place in the structure of the social and economic potential. The article shows the number of scientific theories that explain the dynamics of regional development and, consequently, causes asymmetries that are formed between regions. Here are also analyzed more innovative theories of regional development, the list of specific mechanisms for innovative regional policy, and especially their impact on overcoming inter-regional socio-economic asymmetry in Ukraine.

A győri járműipari körzetről szóló kutatási program

Magyarország piacgazdasági átmenete óta Budapest mellett Győr ipari térsége emelkedett ki, a város Kelet-Közép-Európa egyik járműipari központjává vált. Az Audi gyárában kétmillió motor és százezer autó készül évente. A térség számos beszállítója a járműiparban tevékenykedik, más innovatív vállalatok mellett. A Széchenyi István Egyetem a járműipar és a közlekedési rendszerek kutatása köré szerveződött, amelyben a regionális tudományi kutatások is megjelentek. A magyar regionális tudomány nem foglalkozott az elmúlt években az ipari körzetek kérdésével. A TÁMOP- 4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0010 A Győri Járműipari Körzet, mint a térségi fejlesztés új iránya és eszköze című kutatási programot ennek a hiánynak a betöltésére indítottuk. 2012 őszén indultak el az elemzések, amelyek befejezése 2014 őszére várható. Bevezetőm célja, hogy rövid áttekintést adjak a kutatási program tartalmáról, annak célkitűzéseiről és a Tér és Társadalom e számában közreadott tudományos eredmények beágyazottságáról.

Perspectives of Development of Ecotourism in West Africa – Examples from Niger, Mali and The Ivory Coast

Abstract Ecotourism, understood as a form of leisure conforming with the principles of environmental protection and promoting its natural and cultural values, is dynamically developing in almost all parts of the world. Properly carried out, ecotourism projects may be an essential instrument of regional development. Problems of ecotourism development in four areas of West Africa, i.e. the Comoé National Park (Ivory Coast), the Dogon Country (Mali), the northern Dallol Boss Region and Kouré (Niger), and the Äir and Ténéré Natural Reserves (Niger) are discussed in the article. A common characteristic of the chosen areas are their significant natural and cultural values and the occurrence of tourist activeness allowing to qualify them as ecotouristic sites. The analysis of both external and internal success factors in ecotourism leads to the conclusion that, in the discussed regions, ecotourism development is a positive phenomenon. It should, however, be accompanied by continuous supervision of environmental conditions and ecological education of the local population.

Research Report: Searching for Complementarities between Agriculture and Tourism — The Demarcated Wine-Producing Regions of Northern Portugal

This paper discusses the role of agritourism in deprived rural areas as an instrument of regional development that builds on local cultural and natural advantages. This is illustrated with preliminary data collected from interviews carried out at agritourism enterprises from the demarcated wine-producing regions of the north of Portugal. The evidence gathered shows that tourism may have a role in marketing unique local products, preserving architectural heritage and developing physical and human capital in which rural regions are lacking. Moreover, the LEADER capital provided by the European Union was a crucial factor in the interviewees' initial investment decisions.

Vidékkutatás előzményekkel és tényekkel

Az intézet tizenöt éves fennállása óta a területi folyamatok vizsgálatában meghatározó jelentőséggel bírt a falusi terek kutatása. Az elmúlt tizenöt év során a vidéki terek kutatását illetően intézetünk az alábbi főbb kérdésekre koncentrált:A perifériális területeket, vidéki térségeket vajon hogyan érintette a rendszerváltással elinduló folyamat, és ezzel egy időben milyen hatást gyakorolt rájuk a hozzánk mindinkább közelebb kerülő Európai Unió terület- és vidékfejlesztési politikája? A területfejlesztés új eszközrendszerének a kialakítása, és az újonnan kialakuló intézményrendszer mennyiben járult hozzá a falusi terek átstrukturálódásához, avagy mennyiben differenciálódott nálunk a vidék, s ez vajon megnyilvánult-e a funkcióváltásban is? A térszerkezeti struktúrák változása, a kistérségi szint kialakulása és működőképessége, valamint a vidéki gazdaság és jövedelemteremtést magában foglaló kutatások eredményeinek összefoglalója a fenti kérdésekre ad választ.