Instrument Of Power Research Articles

Navalism and Imperial Culture in Spain: The origins and celebration of the Chincha Islands War (1834–1868)

The article examines how the Chincha Islands War led to the consolidation and socialization of Spanish navalism, understood as a language of legitimacy that sought the regeneration of the monarchy through the identification of its citizens with the Real Armada and the consolidation of the latter as a modern instrument of imperial power and international prestige. In the first section we explain how, from 1834 to 1862, liberal intellectuals and politicians strove to promote the public cult of the navy. We will then illustrate how the development of the Spanish-South American conflict enabled a large cohort of state, civilian and ecclesiastical agents to spread among the population the maritime mythology elaborated during the previous decades.

Кино как инструмент «мягкой силы» государства на примере кинематографа Испании и США

The article considers cinema as an instrument of soft power of states, using the example of cinema in Spain and the USA. Different approaches are shown. On the one hand, the United States, which uses universal concepts, on the other hand, Spain, which uses stereotypical ideas and recognizable images about its country. In American films, most often, universal topics are used that are understandable to all people: the struggle between good and evil (moreover, evil is universal, threatening the whole world, and good is the United States), love, happiness, compassion. Even if purely national issues are raised in American films (for example, African-American racism), these problems are presented as universal, as a problem of human dignity, honor, etc. In Spanish cinema, well-established stereotypes about Spain and its culture are actively used: bullfighting, flamenco, Andalusian folklore, traditional cuisine and clothing (for example, the matador costume), as well as typical, recognizable images of the Spanish man and woman (Spanish macho - Antonio Banderas and swarthy, passionate, beautiful Carmen - Penelope Cruz). All this forms the concept of ‘españolada’. The United States does not officially support its film production, but coordinates and consults with the film productions and directors through unofficial resources, primarily the Motion Picture Association of America, whose leadership includes many former White House officials. Spain, on the contrary, actively supports its filmmakers, helps to promote Spanish films in the international arena, develops joint film production, stimulates the shooting of films at the state level, including foreign ones, using Spanish locations, etc. Thus, one can see two different approaches to cinema as an instrument of soft power, and although American cinema certainly dominates the world market, the obvious success of Spanish cinema, which is becoming increasingly popular, should be noted.

III. Mediatio und superioritas

Summary From the 12th century onwards, arbitration tribunals came into use and until the 15th century they were established as alternative legal practice. While the Roman Law became institutionalized as an instrument of political power, the arbitration tribunals retained their value as elements of noble communication in case of crisis within European realms. In international politics and law, arbitration tribunals were often brought into play, but failed to be successful as instrument of international conflict management.

Subcontracted capitalism and the polemical verification of rights: a Rancièrian interpretation of the politics of transnational private governance in Nike’s global production network

ABSTRACT While some scholars dismiss transnational private governance instruments, such as codes of conduct, social auditing and monitoring initiatives, as an instrument of corporate power, propaganda and control, others provide a positive assessment. This paper criticises both approaches by applying concepts developed by the French philosopher Jacques Rancière. Against the background of worker-driven discontent in the Nike supply chain, the paper argues why a Rancièrian reading may offer an alternative way of conceptualising the politics of transnational private governance, one that provides a more promising way to ‘ground’ it in both conceptual and empirical terms.

A New Interpretation of Integrated Deterrence: Physical and Virtual Strategies

The integrated deterrence strategy, backstopped by nuclear deterrent, calls for seamless collaboration in deterrence across warfighting domains, using all instruments of national power, and with allies and partners. Being a warfighting domain and being closely related to the information instrument of national power, the cyber domain should certainly be included, and cyber deterrence should play a significant role in the integrated deterrence strategy. Nevertheless, as cyber deterrence seems not to be as effective as it is expected at least currently, some scholars and practitioners doubt its mere existence, not mentioning the role that it can play in the integrated deterrence strategy. This paper argues that not having deterrence in cyberspace leaves a blank spot in the strategy since some critical functionality of deterrence in cyberspace cannot easily be replaced. By recognizing the unique strategic context of cyberspace, the paper maintains that deterrent effect can actually be achieved in unique ways in this space. To further explore the unique role that deterrence in cyberspace plays within the integrated deterrence strategy, this paper proposes a multi-level and multi-aspect architecture for integrated deterrence strategy. This novel architecture is able to cover varied levels of strategic environments both below and above the threshold of armed conflict. It is also able to correlate varied deterrent measures with varied strategic environments categorized via various aspects, such as diplomacy, information, military, economy, etc. This paper shows that the inclusion of deterrence in cyberspace can empower the strategy by making the strategy flexible enough in tackling various challenges. Eventually, the strategy can make its contribution in preventing war and maintaining peace.

Twisted Civility: Comparing Courtesy, Coercion and Shaming in Southeast Asian Cities and Beyond

Abstract The literature on civility navigates the gravitational pulls of binary camps: civility sceptics tend to emphasize how it operates as an instrument of power; civility optimists tend to emphasize its emancipatory potentials. While some scholarship has attempted to reconcile these perspectives by showing how civility can be both negative and positive, such theorization tends to describe this relation in terms of ambivalence. While these approaches rightly indicate that normative judgments about civility are largely a matter of perspective, the concept of twisted civility developed here focuses on the ways in which actors become trapped by the dynamic shifts of force embedded within civility. Comparisons across seemingly incommensurate examples suggest that such multidirectional dynamics are not culturally specific but rather more generalizable. Building our theoretical conception of twisted civility from a comparative approach based on research in Kuching and Saigon, and then using the concept to consider examples from the United States and Denmark, this article also reverses the direction of theorizing typically employed in scholarship on civility. Using postcolonial Southeast Asia as the source of theory rather than its afterthought, the method here uses anthropological comparison to generate theory and to problematize assumptions that universalize Euro-American trajectories of civility.

Orta Asya'nın Yapay Zeka Jeopolitiği: Rusya ve Çin Örnekleri

In the 21st century, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly transforming the instruments of power and contributing to intensifying rivalry on the dynamics of balance of power. In the context of the Central Asian geopolitics, China’s expanding AI technologies do not only serve for its economic growth and national power, but embody future areas of uncertainty in the Sino-Russian relations. Despite the current state of a kind of 'entente cordiale' over their role in the Central Asia, the future developments in the AI technologies can reinforce far-reaching repercussions in their relations. In this vein, this study analyzes the implications of AI technologies in terms of power politics and discusses the future of Sino-Russian relations in the Central Asian context. It addresses the possible utilization of AI technologies under the context of military, economic, and political areas and discusses possible consequences on the future of regional systemic dynamics. Consequently, the study argues that despite ongoing harmonious relations between the two power, the development and utilization of AI as a strategic asset in the Central Asian landscape can generate new areas of strategic competition and challenges for the future of Sino-Russian relations.

Domination and Legitimation in the Structure of the Virtual Massage Industry Duality

The massage industry is experiencing a change towards virtual massage parlors that serve service transactions to communicate with customers online. This is because the Covid 19 pandemic does not allow massage parlors to operate conventionally. The existence of virtual massage parlors also forms agents and structures with different patterns and systems so that there are indications of a new style of capitalism in virtual massage parlors and deviations from agents or actors. Structural theory with a qualitative approach and critical ethnographic methods with double hermeneutics are used to find a form of structural duality in virtual massage parlors that builds the movement of a remote operational system that still uses the power of domination from the house manager and creates legitimacy through communication as an instrument of power for the therapist to capitalize on his work. But still targeted to provide more profit for the griya. So that here a new style of capitalism is formed which makes the therapist a profit-seeking 'machine' while building a structure of power over the therapist.

Ultrasensitive bacterial sensing using a disposable all-in-one amperometric platform with self-noise cancellation

The early detection of very low bacterial concentrations is key to minimize the healthcare and safety issues associated with microbial infections, food poisoning or water pollution. In amperometric integrated circuits for electrochemical sensors, flicker noise is still the main bottleneck to achieve ultrasensitive detection with small footprint, cost-effective and ultra-low power instrumentation. Current strategies rely on autozeroing or chopper stabilization causing negative impacts on chip size and power consumption. This work presents a 27-μW potentiostatic-amperometric Delta-Sigma modulator able to cancel its own flicker noise and provide a 4-fold improvement in the limit of detection. The 2.3-mm2 all-in-one CMOS integrated circuit is glued to an inkjet-printed electrochemical sensor. Measurements show that the limit of detection is 15 pArms, the extended dynamic range reaches 110 dB and linearity is R2 = 0.998. The disposable device is able to detect, in less than 1h, live bacterial concentrations as low as 102 CFU/mL from a 50-μL droplet sample, which is equivalent to 5 microorganisms.

Counter-archives as heritage justice: photography, invisible labor and peopled ruins

This article critically engages with photographs, the institutions that archive and curate them, and the uses to which they are put in the work of heritage preservation, with particular attention paid to the ways in which these have been mobilized in Middle Eastern heritage debates. Photographs, often depicting uninhabited rather than populated heritage landscapes, in effect weaponize heritage preservation, ignoring the fact that individuals and communities have always had their own ways of preserving and engaging with the material past. The authors therefore seek to reconsider the disciplinary genealogies embedded in a photographic archive shaped by instruments of Western ideology and power – archaeological fieldwork, surveys and museum-building – to question the uncritical use of photography for the assessment of heritage significance, the construction of heritage value and management of heritage assemblages today. They argue that identifying and creating counter-archives is necessary to contribute to more inclusive narratives fostering heritage justice, including a deeper engagement with archaeology’s long-standing entanglements with exploitative labour.

The geo-economic approach to the European Union’s strategy for cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region

The purpose of this study is to discuss the European Union’s (EU) cooperation and geo-economic approach towards the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR). This study examines the EU’s comprehensive strategy for the expansion of its presence in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. The EU wants economic and political partnerships between the Indo-Pacific countries so as to strengthen its position in the region. The European Union’s policy has been operating in the regions as an instrument of soft power to cooperate with countries of this region. The research highlights that the EU implies the construction of structural strategic networks to intensify the high capacities in the projection of economic cooperation. As a result, the EU somehow makes a rational connection to expedite economic activities while, on the other hand, the EU needs to establish a strong mechanism to achieve ultimate geopolitical and geo-economic interest in the region.

Quantifying on-water performance in rowing: A perspective on current challenges and future directions.

Winning times at benchmark international rowing competitions (Olympic Games and World Championships) are known to vary greatly between venues, based on environmental conditions and the strength of the field. Further variability in boat speed for any given effort is found in the training environment, with less controlled conditions (i.e., water flow, non-buoyed courses), fewer world class competitors, and the implementation of non-race specific effort distances and intensities. This combination of external factors makes it difficult for coaches and practitioners to contextualise the performance underpinning boat speed or race results on any given day. Currently, a variety of approaches are referenced in the literature and used in practice to quantify this underpinning performance time or boat speed, however, no clear consensus exists. The use of relative performance (i.e., time compared to other competitors), accounting for influence of the weather (i.e., wind and water temperature), and the novel application of instrumented boats (with power instrumentation) have been suggested as potential methods to improve our understanding of on-water rowing speeds. Accordingly, this perspective article will discuss some of these approaches from recent literature, whilst also sharing experience from current practice in the elite environment, to further stimulate discussion and help guide future research.

Poor Management Policies and Practices by U.S. Politicians Destroyed a Superpower

The Chinese ‘Three Warfares’(3W) strategy incorporates media or public opinion warfare, legal warfare, and psychological warfare. The 3W has evolved into a pursuit of ‘intelligentized warfare’ that aims to directly control the will of the highest decision-makers. This paper is focused on a DIMEFIL analysis of the United States to identify why and when the United States’ highest decision-makers surrendered its superpower status, without the Chinese firing one shot. This analysis of America’s National Instruments of Power serves as a wake-up call for the American people and business owners. The study concludes that the greatest threat to the United States is our American leaders’ arrogance and stupidity, as expressed in poor management, bad policies, and often incompetent practices.

Kajian Teknis Pemeliharaan Transformator Arus Pada Gardu Induk Pltu Tanjung Awar – Awar Babat

The current transformer is an electric power instrumentation device that functions to change a higher current value to a lower value for protection and measurement purposes. Field conditions and service life cause the current transformer to decrease and not function. Therefore, it is important to do this research to determine the current condition of the current transformer. The method used to obtain current transformer quality indicators is the insulation resistance test method and the tangent delta test method. The results of testing the insulation resistance of current transformers at GI Tanjung Awar Awar Babat in 2020-2021 using the VDE standard (Catalogue 228/4) and IEEE std 43-2000 show that the insulation resistance value of all current transformers has increased by an average of 81900Ω from the previous period but, this value is still in good criteria, namely 170 + 1 MΩ and there is an increase in the current transformer grounding resistance test from the previous period with an average of 0.176 however, according to the PLN book 605.K/DIR/2010 the results of the ground resistance test have good criteria. of < 1. Based on ANSI C 57.12.90 and IEEE C57.152-2013 standards, the tan delta test results are still in good condition because the tan delta value is not more than 0.5%. Current transformer tan delta testing in 2020-2021 has decreased, indicating that the insulation performance of current transformers in 2021 is better than in 2020.

Southern Strategies: Why the Confederacy Failed ed. by Christian B. Keller

Reviewed by: Southern Strategies: Why the Confederacy Failed ed. by Christian B. Keller Earl J. Hess (bio) Southern Strategies: Why the Confederacy Failed. Edited by Christian B. Keller. ( Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2021. Pp. 271. Cloth, $39.95.) Christian B. Keller positions Southern Strategies as the only Civil War anthology written by people "affiliated with the Department of Defense." [End Page 126] Each author is "either … an active-duty Army officer who attended the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, has served as a professor there, or both." The authors represent military science, the study of current military culture, operational theory, strategic concepts, and other issues connected with military systems in contemporary times. Based on the assertion that "the nature of war, as each of the authors knows, is immutable and unchanging, regardless of time or place, even as its character constantly evolves," these authors primarily write about the Civil War by using a concept called DIME, an acronym that refers to the diplomatic, informational, morale, and economic aspects of war making. The primary purpose of the volume is to "offer professional historians and students of the war unaffiliated with the U.S. military a window into how we at the Army War College interpret it" (1–2). Fortunately, none of the contributors is locked into the dogmatic idea that immutable laws have determined the history of war making. They recognize that chance and unique developments play important roles in military history. In a real sense this anthology compels a discussion of the relative value of science versus the humanities in understanding warfare. Military scientists use concepts that lend themselves to acronyms and often replace one with another after the former favorite has run its course. By using DIME, the contributors group the diplomatic, informational, morale, and economic aspects of war making together and assert that any government engaged in war not only has to succeed in each one, but also must coordinate all four to be successful. These are "instruments of power," in Keller's words. Confederate failure to succeed in them, and especially the southern failure to integrate them, is the key to explaining why the Confederacy lost the war according to the DIME model. Keller starts the anthology with an essay on the relationship between Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. Jackson in the spring of 1862. He speculates on what might have happened if Lee had allowed Jackson to raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania that spring instead of bringing his Shenandoah Valley troops to help the Army of Northern Virginia defend Richmond. Eric Johnson follows with a survey of Confederate economic and fiscal policies as an exercise in failure to make DIME work. Kevin E. McCall then discusses Confederate intelligence work in Lee's Maryland campaign. Erik Anderson surveys failed Confederate diplomacy, while Chris Compton writes about Lee's raid into Pennsylvania. The anthology ends with an essay by Michael J. Forsyth on Confederate woes in the trans-Mississippi. Unfortunately, three of the six essays deal only with aspects of Lee's operations. Two others deal with very broad swaths of strategic-level [End Page 127] war management, and the last deals with Confederate fortunes in half the Confederacy. No one can expect full coverage of any topic in an anthology, but this one is too heavily weighted toward developments in the Virginia theater while completely ignoring the vital area between the Appalachian Highlands and the Mississippi River. While Keller asserts that all his contributors use DIME, the truth is it tends to make a slim appearance in most of the essays. Although mentioned by everyone, the concept never really is subject to detailed examination beyond noting that it was important for the Confederacy to have done something it failed to do. I found McCall's essay to be the strongest, in part because it deals with a topic that is little covered by Civil War historians. While we have several good studies of Union intelligence operations, there is far too little on Confederate intelligence work in the literature. McCall does a good job of outlining modern ways of understanding military intelligence and comparing them to Confederate practices, and he tends to examine...

Of Ants and Men

Of Ants and Men

‘ARE WE JUST KILLING PEOPLE?’: Centering Racial Capitalism in the Green Gentrification of the Atlanta BeltLine

AbstractIn this article I argue that any analyses of the manifestations of urban natures within urban political ecology must center racial capitalism as a theoretical framework and account for how these manifestations, which rely upon the co‐constitutive workings of race and nature, reproduce anti‐Blackness and unequal productions of space. I engage urban frontier imaginative geographies as a lens through which to view the ongoing regimes of dispossession within the historical context of the founding of what is today known as Atlanta and the contemporary greening project of the Atlanta BeltLine. Race and nature intersect to function as instruments of power and converge in the spaces of the Atlanta BeltLine to (re)produce an urban green frontier.

Novel tunable current feedback instrumentation amplifier based on BBFC OP-AMP for biomedical applications with low power and high CMRR

The paper presents a novel low power, low noise and high CMRR current feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA) design for biomedical signal acquisition i.e. EEG/ECG applications is presented. The proposed instrumentation amplifier performance is evaluated using 0.18μm, CMOS technology with 1.8 V supply and results are obtained in Cadence EDA tool. The proposed CFIA is implemented using a dual output bandwidth boosted folded cascode operational amplifier (BBFC OP-AMP) active block. In this paper the proposed CFIA performance parameters has been considered for optimization to get better results by using the idea of signal to noise ratio (SNR) with Taguchi design of experiments (Taguchi DoE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to estimate the most important independent variable which control the performance of the design. The bias voltage, channel length and width of input MOS transistors have been selected to optimize the proposed circuit performance. The proposed CFIA structure have 50.33 to 69.67 dB tunable differential gain, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 143.19 dB, tunable bandwidth of 148.24 kHz to 1.31 MHz, dynamic range (DR) of 74.31 dB and 297.73 dB of figure of merit (FoM). The CFIA shows an equivalent input referred noise (IRN) of 0.586 μV at 0.1 Hz to 148.24 kHz frequency range, with total power dissipation of 102.73 μW and occupies 8194μm2 of core area. The simulation results of the proposed CFIA are close to the predicted solution obtained from ANOVA. The PVT analysis and post layout simulation has been performed to check the robustness of the proposed design. The proposed design has been compared with the other existing literature which shows the competence of the design.

Capacity Optimization Method of Electrochemical Energy Storage System Based on Demand Side Response Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

As the current capacity of the existing electrochemical energy storage system is too low to meet the problem of power supply enterprises’ power equipment operation demand. Therefore, this paper introduces the demand-side response improvement particle swarm algorithm to carry out the research on the capacity optimization of electrochemical energy storage system. According to the operation characteristics of the energy storage system, the charging and discharging model of the electrochemical energy storage system is established; the demand-side response improvement particle swarm algorithm is used to set the capacity optimization objective function of the energy storage system; and the capacity configuration plan of the electrochemical energy storage system is finally completed. By examining the performance of chemical energy storage systems before and after the application of optimization technologies, it’s finished that the capability of the system has been considerably improved when optimization, which might give additional power conditions for additional power instrumentation and promote the development and development of power offer enterprises.

Iran’s Membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. A SWOT Analysis

On 17 September 2021, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) approved Iran’s complete membership application 15 years after obtaining observer status in 2005. Iran is slated to receive full SCO membership in April 2023, marking its first move to join a significant regional organization since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Iran’s future membership in the SCO brings many opportunities and challenges, which can affect its future growth and direction. This study focuses on Iran’s membership application to the SCO from 2005 to 2021 and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that Iran’s membership can bring to the organization. It uses a SWOT analysis of Iran’s diplomatic, information, military, and economic instruments of national power as it has used them in its application. Through this analysis, the study shows that overcoming sanctions is the primary driver of Iran’s push to join the SCO, and its instruments of national power are sufficient to contribute to security cooperation within the SCO’s framework. However, Iran’s membership may complicate SCO decision-making processes and fuel additional Western pressure on the SCO as an anti-Western alliance. It remains to be seen if Iran’s membership will be a game-changer for the SCO in achieving its goals. Ultimately, as the SCO matures as an organization, it gives the impression that the Western-led international order is one of many viable frameworks for the international order. With its disadvantaged position in the Western-led international order, Iran may seek to play a more prominent role in shaping an alternative where it can protect and forward its interests.