Instrument For Poverty Alleviation Research Articles

The Impact of Microfinance on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Malawi

Abstract: Poverty reduction has been a major concern in Malawi for a long time. Today, Microfinance has become an important instrument for poverty alleviation in developing countries. This paper aims to assess the Impact of Micro finance activities on Malawi’s economic growth and poverty reduction. The study findings will be of special importance for policy makers and stakeholders who may benefit from these results in improving regulations and strategies to strengthen the microfinance sector as main player in the financial system in Malawi. For this study 70 respondents from microfinance institutions were considered and surveyed using a structured questionnaire and interviews. The data collected is analysed with tables, percentages and diagrams using Microsoft Excel.

Zakat Produktif: Kebijakan Pengelolaan Keuangan Publik sebagai Instrumen Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

This article describes the review of productive zakat as an instrument of poverty alleviation in Indonesia. This research uses a literature research method by studying and collecting the results of previous research that are in accordance with the theme of this study. The results of this study show that productive zakat in poverty alleviation instruments has played a considerable role. In addition to improving the economic life of mustahiq and meeting the needs in worshipping Allah Almighty. In Indonesia, regulations on the concentration and collection of productive zakat have been regulated starting from laws, government regulations to regional head regulations so that the potential for productive zakat as an instrument of poverty alleviation is a necessity. 
 Keywords: concentration, regulation, poverty alleviation, public finance, productive zaka, potential zakat

Motivation to Paying Zakat: The Role of Religiosity, Zakat Literacy, and Government Regulations

Zakat, as an instrument of poverty alleviation, is considered very effective in distributing welfare. However, the reported zakat receipts in Indonesia are still far from the estimated revenue potential. This research examined the factors that motivate the payment of zakat through an official national institution or organization. This quantitative research employed the explanatory method, with data analysis techniques comprising the partial test (t), stimulant test (F), and the coefficient of determination (R2). Subsequently, the results indicated that the factors of religiosity, zakat literacy and government regulations simultaneously affect the motivation to pay zakat through a management agency. Partially influencing factors were zakat literacy and government regulations, while religiosity had no effect.

Motivation to paying Zakat: The role of religiosity, Zakat literacy, and government regulations

Zakat as an instrument of poverty alleviation, is considered very effective in distributing welfare. However, the reported zakat receipts in Indonesia are still far from the estimated revenue potential. This research examined the factors that motivate the payment of zakat through an official national institution or organization. This quantitative research employed the explanatory method, with data analysis techniques comprising the partial test (t), stimulant test (F), and the coefficient of determination (R2). Subsequently, the results indicated that the factors of religiosity, zakat literacy and government regulations simultaneously affect the motivation to pay zakat through a management agency. Partially influencing factors were zakat literacy and government regulations, while religiosity had no effect.

Teknis Pengelolaan Dana Zakat Di BAZNAS Kabupaten Gorontalo

The role of zakat as an instrument of poverty alleviation certainly cannot be denied, mainly if it is managed professionally and institutionalized rather than only being channeled directly to those in need. At this point, the position of the formal institutions managing zakat plays a crucial role. Departing from this, this research is directed to find out more about the activities of zakat fund management in the Gorontalo District BAZNAS. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The research results show that zakat fund management activities in the Gorontalo District BAZNAS consist of zakat collection and management activities, distribution activities, and secretarial and reporting activities, each of which has dynamics and requires our attention.

Teknis Pengelolaan Dana Zakat pada Lembaga Amil Zakat


 
 
 
 The role of zakat as an instrument of poverty alleviation certainly cannot be denied, mainly if it is managed professionally and institutionalized rather than only being channeled directly to those in need. At this point, the position of the formal institutions managing zakat plays a crucial role. Departing from this, this research is directed to find out more about the activities of zakat fund management in the Gorontalo District BAZNAS. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The research results show that zakat fund management activities in the Gorontalo District BAZNAS consist of zakat collection and management activities, distribution activities, and secretarial and reporting activities, each of which has dynamics and requires our attention.
 
 
 

Access to Land as Instrument of Poverty Alleviation (First Published in Vol.9, No.1, January,1990)

Access to Land as Instrument of Poverty Alleviation (First Published in Vol.9, No.1, January,1990)

Community Level Project Planning (CLPP) Assessment Report, Natural Resource Research Directorate, Worabe, Southern Ethiopia

Ethiopian economy is supported by its agricultural sector which is fundamental instrument for poverty alleviation, food security, and economic growth. One of the constraints in agricultural research is weak participatory project planning to alleviate agricultural problems. Any research activities carried out without baseline information were not targeted on root problems of the research area. Most of research activities carried out in the field was not considered constraints and opportunity of the study area. In other words, in agricultural research, poor problems identifications before field demonstration/experimentation may lead to reaching in to false finding. Therefore, this community level based project planning/CLPP/ assessment was aimed to identify agricultural constraints and opportunities of targeted Woredas of Silte, Gurage Zones and Yem Special woreda in 2008 E.C. The assessment was done from Silte Zone in (Alicho Weroro, Misrak Azernet Berbere and Mierab Azernet Berbere districts), from Gurage Zone (Geta, Enemor Ener, Gummer, Endigagn and Cheha Woredas) and Yem special woreda. Therefore, this paper highlights the CLPP (community level project planning) assessment was reported in tabular and listed. The aim of this assessment was to provide information to those who develop demand driven research activities. The assessment report mainly focused on Natural resource research constraint and opportunities of Worabe agricultural research center AGP-II thematic Woredas by selected representative kebeles from each Woreda in the project zones. All the collected constraints and opportunities of natural resource research directorate were listed down in tabular form and short bulleted discussion from each woredas’ were written in precisely. In addition to this, major problems of the area were attempted to narrate below in the table shortly. The study shows there were different research constraint almost all in assessed woredas’ which needs intervention of natural resource research work in different disciplines.

ZAKAT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN INDONESIA: A PANEL ANALYSIS AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL

As a pillar of Islam and an instrument for poverty alleviation, zakat is perceived as aneffective tool for tackling the problem of poverty in the Muslim world. However,whether zakat is effective in improving indicators of both quantity and quality ofpoverty is still a question requiring empirical investigation. This study is aims toempirically investigate the role of impactful zakat in poverty alleviation as indicated bythe BAZNAS prosperity index (Indeks Kesejahteraan BAZNAS or IKB), at provinciallevel in Indonesia. This study covers annual data from 28 provinces in Indonesia forthe years 2017 and 2018. Data analysis uses a panel-data approach, with threeindicators of poverty – the poverty headcount ratio (P0), poverty gap index (P1), andpoverty severity index (P2) – as dependent variables. The study finds that higherBAZNAS IKB, used as a sign of impactful zakat, significantly reduces P0 but hasinsignificant effect on P1 and P2. The results of this study imply that zakat managersshould put emphasis on the poorest section of the poor population to enableimprovements in poverty indicators through zakat utilization.

Impact of Microfinance on Financial Empowerment: A study on Rural Women in Semi Arid India

Microfinance scheme has evolved as an effective instrument for poverty alleviation in developing countries. The micro-financing scheme is dominated by self-help groups in India, which are aimed at providing a cost-effective mechanism for providing financial accommodations to the un-reached poor. Microfinance involves the provision of financial services such as savings, loans, and insurance to poor people especially women living in both urban and rural settings who are not able to obtain such services from the formal financial sector. The microfinance empowered rural women in numerous parts of their life. The investigation was done in the north-western state of Rajasthan, India to evaluate the effect of microfinance on empowerment. The present research work is carried out to analyze the impact of microfinance services on the empowerment of rural women borrowers in western Rajasthan.

Kalesang Village Program

The village Kalesang Program is a government business of Buru Regency to improve the lives of the village community with participatory planning patterns that come from the government and society. The Kalesang village includes the planning and implementation of Village development conducted jointly between the Government and the village community. This research is a qualitative study aimed at describing the implementation of the village's Kalesang program as a poverty alleviation instrument in rural communities. The research location focuses on Lala, Namlea and Marloso with the consideration of different social economic characters with other villages in Namlea subdistrict. The number of informant interviewed was 45 people divided into communities, village apparatus and community leaders. Analytical techniques used to follow the concept of Miles and Huberman where activities in the analysis of qualitative data are conducted interactively and continuously. The results showed that the village's Kalesang program was able to become a development instrument and empowerment that was able to foster cooperation from the Community and government to plan and implement development and to keep watching it Through active participation. The end goal of the village Kalesang in the form of poverty testing made easy in the frame of harmonization and synergy between the government and the community to cooperate in resolving the problem of Village development.

Old Age Pension Scheme in India: Distributional Impacts

This article develops an empirical framework for the estimation of the economic effects and impacts of the Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) and other socio-economic variables related to poverty among elderly individuals in India. Based on an official data sample of 9,852 elderly individuals, it produces evidence of the poverty-reduction effects of IGNOAPS, suggesting that it could be justified to promote more active policy support for this scheme as an instrument of poverty alleviation among elderly individuals. Four areas of policy intervention are identified for reformulation: increased pension expenditure by adjusting for inflation, linking the pension expenditure to economic growth, correction of inclusion and exclusion errors and extension of coverage to all elderly individuals in below poverty line families. It is argued that a move towards full pension provisions for all eligible elderly individuals may reduce personal income inequalities among India’s elderly population. This could also be a constitutionally sound approach applied to other countries in South Asia.

Impact of Climate Change on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production and Adaptation strategies: A Review

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered as the high potential food security crop and a major instrument for poverty alleviation in Ethiopia. However, it is most vulnerable to climate change due to its exact climatic requirement for various physiological processes. There are many indicators of environmental stresses including climate change, especially global warming, are severely affecting potato growth and productivity worldwide. The changing climate will affect the potato production adversely due to drought ,salinity,frost,flooding, erratic unseasonal rains ,surface temperature, increase in CO 2 fertilization, but decreases after some extent. Besides, anthropogenic activities such as CO 2 may increase crop yields due to increased CO 2 , CH 4 and CFC’s are contributing to the global warming. Under changing climatic situations crop failures, longer growing season, shortage of yields, reduction in quality, influence the pest and disease occurrences, host-pathogen interactions, distribution, and ecology of insects, there by becoming major setback to potato cultivation. Therefore, adaptation strategies needed such as cropping systems and other inputs, shifting growing areas and planting date, improving water management and breeding new tolerant potato varieties. This paper reviews verified that recent impact of climate change in potato production and adaptation strategies. Keywords: Adaptation strategies, Climate change, Drought, Global warming DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-9-07 Publication date :May 31 st 2019

The Application of Ar-Rahan-Based Microcredit Facility as an Alternative Instrument for Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria

One of the major challenges facing developing nations like Nigeria is the continuous increase in the level of poverty, which widens the gap between the rich and the poor amidst increasing population and economic growth. In Nigeria, there are scores of microfinance outlets but their operational products are yet to stem the tides of people falling into the poverty bracket. UNICEF reported that about 70.8% of Nigerians live on less than a dollar per day amidst the country’s growing GDP. This rise in the level of poverty culminating from the uneven distribution of the national wealth continue to exacerbate economic instability and social insecurity in Nigeria. Government and other relevant bodies have continued to explore different kinds of solutions to minimize the multifarious challenges posed by the exponential rise in income disparity that has eating deep into the fabrics of the national economy. The micro financing structure has been proven to be helpful to stimulate greater financial inclusion of the low-income groups especially in developing economies. Focal among the many factors responsible for this challenge is the issue of interest charged by the banks to small and medium enterprises despite the rising rate of inflation. Meanwhile, the issue of transacting in riba is prohibited in Islam and some other religions because of its oppressive nature. This paper therefore proposes Ar-Rahn based credit facility aimed at ensuring that the unemployed, the poor and low income earners have access to non-interest based micro financing in Nigeria to aid their financial inclusion and achieve the broader objectives of microfinancing in Nigeria.

Organisational performance measurement models, also for poverty alleviation

In this contribution, organisational performance measurement models are reviewed to determine to what extent they can also be used as an instrument for poverty alleviation. In this paper, we explore the organisational performance models. We start with a review of general performance measurement in private and public sectors and then we focus on performance measures in the water sector. It is concluded that the performance measurement models reviewed can be applied in the water and sanitation sector as well, but it is a challenge to make them pro-poor.

Islamic Microfinance as an Instrument for Poverty Alleviation

Islamic Microfinance as an Instrument for Poverty Alleviation

CONTRIBUTION OF BEDAH KAMPUNG AND RELOCATON PROGRAMTOWARD POVERTY ALLEVIATION –BEST PRACTISES OF SURAKARTA

This research isconducted based on high poverty rates in Indonesia (17,4% in 2003) as well as in Surakarta (14,1% in 2009). This is an urban phenomenon indicating the poverty, where in fact most of urban poor s live in slums area , characterized by substandard houses with inadequate infrastructure and urban services. The approach of housing policy has shifted from provision approach to sustainable development and recently to integration with poverty alleviation strategy. Community-based Housing Development is one of Housing Delivery System s in Indonesia , which is based on Community Empowerment. This is believed to be the instrument for poverty alleviation as housing sector contributes in alleviation of poverty in terms of increasing access to housing and shelter ; increasing access to services an d infrastructure; social development and eradication of poverty; Environmental management; Economic development and governance. Objectiveof this research w as to analyzethe contribution on CBHD-based programs toward poverty alleviation in Surakarta. Results of the research showed that higher contribution of poverty alleviation of CBHD Programs was access to housing due to higher intervention of the program in housing improvement. Relocation Program had higher contribution to poverty alleviation for the most components had been significantly increased: condition of house construction, land secure tenure, water supply, sanitation condition, eventhough the program had displaced the people from previous location and increased transportation costs.

Recent Development of Microfinance in India

Recent Development of Microfinance in India

Zakat as an Instrument of Eradicating Poverty (Indonesian Case)

This paper describes more clearly about the charity as an instrument of poverty alleviation. Said to be more pronounced because zakat is not only described from the aspect of Islamic law, but also from the aspect of Islamic Economics. Starting from the idea of a content analysis of two professors of Economic Development, Prahalad and Yuyun Wirasasmita, this paper reveals the fundamental aspects of the causes of poverty, namely culture, alienation and exploitation. In this paper, the charity manages to pack in a comprehensive manner to a complementary instrument, whether Islamic law, and even Islamic Economics. Among the novelties in this paper is a substantive interpretation of zakat which is connected with the theory of economic development, compared with tax and economic-mathematical analysis to find a charity to further its position in the study of economics. As for other things that were outlined in this paper is the normative aspects of zakat, as where made explicit, as an instrument of poverty alleviation for various sectors, as seen from its usability goals.

Socio-Economic Effects of Microfinance Services on Women: The Case of Rosewo Microfinance, Nakuru County, Kenya

Microfinance has become an important instrument for poverty alleviation in developing countries through its provision of both the financial services and non financial services to the poor. The key feature of microfinance in targeting the women on the grounds has been noted to have more desirable sustainable development outcomes. This study thus, sought to find out the socio-economic effects associated with the participation of women in the microfinance programs. A survey was conducted in ROSEWO organization, a microfinance institute in Nakuru County. A simple random sample of 370 women participants of at least two years experience and above was drawn from a population of 5000 members of Rosewo microfinance. A structured questionnaire was used as data a collecting tool as data was analyzed quantitavely through the use of descriptive statistics from the SPSS tool and presented in form of frequencies, pie-charts and tables. The research objectives were to assess the socio-economic effects on the accessibility of microcredit, availability of micro-savings, micro-insurance and non-financial services on women. The foundation of this study was based on the following theories and models: the vicious cycle of poverty theory, the imperfect information paradigm, and the Grameen bank model. The results indicated that microfinance services had effects on the socio-economic status of women. The study indicated that that access to microcredit services increased income levels, increased stocks and output of the enterprise as well as increased expenditure on health and education services. On the other hand, the availability of micro-savings services to women increased capital resources to cater for education and health care services, smoothened irregular income levels to manage consumption needs and also increased income to generate wealth. Moreover the results indicated the effects of micro-insurance services enabled women build stronger trust bonds, created more social networks as well as motivate participation in development activities. Lastly, effects of non-financial services from the microfinance stabilized income levels that eased production constraints, improved intrapersonal skills such as communication skills and last but not least this program instilled a good practice on preventive health measures for wellbeing of the people. Some of the recommendation made included; the need to do a further study to distinctively identify the effects of microfinance services independently on the socio-economic status of the users, further understanding the effects of new areas of microfinance such as that of micro-insurance services to help design better products, gain a competitive edge and stimulate the market in the long term for sustainable development, need to compare the effects between different schemes and microfinance programs to guide prudent investment of government and development fund and a careful analysis of effects on different subgroups- for example, economically different, social, gender- to enhance the understanding of equity related effects of the microfinance services (microcredit, micro-savings and micro-insurance) arrangements for efficiency and effectiveness.