Safety Instrumentation Research Articles

Women Safety Device using Arduino, GPS, and GSM Modules

In today's world, women's safety is a major worry. We suggest a safety device that uses Arduino, GPS, and GSM modules to give real-time tracking in order to solve this problem. By transmitting the women's current location to pre-registered contacts, this device protects women. The system is a vital instrument for personal safety because it is portable, user-friendly, and incredibly dependable. Keywords— GPS, GSM, Arduino, Women’s safety

An investigative study on the effective utilization of process hazard analysis (PHA) and safety instrumentation system (SIS) in chemical process industries

This research paper focuses on effectiveness of process hazard analysis (PHA) and safety instrumented systems (SIS) interventions during process design and implementation which prevents accident and loss in chemical process industries. An initial preview was conducted to analyze the accidents and incidents in case of industrial and chemical process industries which enabled to define the research question in a scientific way. The research was conducted using a survey questionnaire developed with the help of focus group and was based on theoretical and conceptual framework developed for the study. The survey received responses from 36 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The validity and reliability were established using confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and Cronbach’s Alpha. The data analysis methods were used to answer the research questions to test the hypotheses. From the results it is observed that PHA and SIS were in an agreeable range. However, the performance factors grouped based on barrier controls and organizational behavior were have moderate positive relationship. This showed there exists a gap in the PHA and SIS contributing factors which may directly or indirectly cause industrial accidents in the chemical process industries.

Investigating the catastrophic roof failure of a fatty acid storage tank: Causes, mechanisms, and safety implications

This paper investigates the catastrophic failure of the roof weld on a carbon steel storage tank at a fatty acids plant, which was attributed to pressure overload. The incident resulted in the tank's roof, weighing over 5 tons and spanning 8 m in diameter, being propelled 25 m from the tank. Despite installing several safety devices, including pressure regulating valves, pressure indicator controls, and pressure vacuum relief valves, inadequate maintenance led to their malfunction. This study examines the mechanisms and causes behind the failure, highlighting the crucial role of regular maintenance in ensuring the functionality of safety instruments. While neither toxic nor flammable, the plant's compressed air system poses a significant hazard due to the energy stored at slight overpressure, necessitating vigilant management by the safety department. The findings underscore the importance of robust maintenance strategies and procedural adherence to prevent similar incidents, enhancing industrial storage systems' overall safety and reliability.

Rethinking Surgical Safety: Investigating the Impact of Gamified Training on Severe Flow Disruptions in Surgery.

There is a need for effective and engaging training methods to enhance technical and nontechnical skills in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), where deficiencies can compromise safety and efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a gamified team training intervention, the "RAS Olympics," on the safety and efficiency of RAS procedures. The study was conducted at a 958-bed tertiary care academic medical center in with a robust robotic surgery program. A total of 56 RAS procedures (general, urology, and gynecology) were included in the analysis, with a mix of procedure types representative of the surgical caseload at the medical center. A pretest posttest experimental design was employed, comparing the frequency and severity of flow disruptions (FD) between preintervention, postintervention without "RAS Olympics" participants, and postintervention with "RAS Olympics" participants. The "RAS Olympics" involved safety hazard identification, troubleshooting, workspace navigation, instrument retrieval, and turnover optimization. Postintervention cases with "RAS Olympics" participants exhibited significantly lower overall FDs compared to the postintervention control group. The reduction was particularly notable during phase 3 (surgeon on console) and in cases involving more severe FDs. Gamified team training interventions may improve the safety and efficiency of RAS procedures. The positive outcomes underscore the potential of innovative and engaging training methods to address the evolving challenges in surgical practice, emphasizing the relevance of gamification in healthcare education. As the healthcare landscape continues to advance, incorporating such interventions may be crucial in ensuring the adaptability and competence of surgical teams.

Implementation of Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 819 of 2018 by the Harbormaster Office and Port Authority: Challenges, Communication Strategies, and Fishermen’s Reactions in Dumai City, Riau Province

The waters of Dumai City, Riau Province, serve as an international transportation route with a strategic position in economic and industrial growth. Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 819 of 2018 was issued to regulate shipping zones and ensure the safety of port service users. However, this regulation has sparked numerous complaints from the public, particularly fishermen, due to livelihood restrictions that directly increase operational costs. To address these negative reactions, the Dumai Port Authority Office (KSOP) plays a significant role by implementing various measures in enforcing Ministerial Regulation No. 819 of 2018. This study aims to understand the communication strategies used by the Dumai Port Authority Office, especially in coordinating with stakeholders. This research uses a qualitative method, gathering data through observation and interviews. The results show that the Dumai Port Authority Office, along with the Class I Dumai Navigation District, PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional, and PT Wilmar Cahaya Asia, has a strategic role with the ability to influence policy direction and implementation. The Dumai Port Authority Office adopts strategies that involve collaboration with strategic partners, annual outreach programs, the distribution of social assistance and life jackets to the fishing community, and cooperation with relevant agencies and government institutions, including the Water Police, to monitor vessels violating regulations. Additionally, KSOP involves the participation of the community and companies, including the certification and standardization of maritime safety instruments. This study contributes to the discussion on the effectiveness of communication strategies in maritime policy implementation, where this approach can enhance understanding and acceptance of regulations within the maritime community.

Evaluation of Safety Issues for Workers by Applying Safety Management System and Risk Assessment at Metro Rail Construction Work Project

Construction industry is one of the top dangerous industries in India because there is a high risk of accident occurrence where the construction workers are exposed to accidents such as fall from height. The awareness of safety at workplace in India has emerged since 1967 with the introduction of the Factories Act 1948 (FA), followed by The Act is administered by the Ministry of Labour and Employment. Rapid transportation system becomes a significant factor for the developing country. Apart from that it is very essential to control the traffic in the high dense and populated country like India. So this where the need of metro rail is generated. A metro project is carried out in Pune under Pune Metro Rail Project. This thesis work is carried out for a part of Pune metro project. In the present scenario, in India maximum accident occurs in construction industry as the Indian construction company is lacking a huge with updated safety instrument and lack of knowledge about safety. This studies is deals with the safety policies, there work environment, responsibilities of a safety personnel in company. The company has a very strict and well defined safety rules which follows BIS standard, OSAH standard and BOCW. The duty of safety engineer is to look after whether any activity, in the site or out of the site, related to the project is going safely or not. It has to be checked by safety personnel as well as the engineer whether any work is following the safety integral management system of the company. At the design stage different activities must kept in mind and a safe design must be given so that to reduce the accidents. All activities must have the instructions separately to check the accidents like earthwork in it’s as a unique activity so it requires the separate instructions. Some work could be done on the selection process of labour and supervisors and a good communication and better behavior could again check the follow up of different tools and equipment and precautions while working on the site. Training classes must be done on the site with proper process so that the importance of the safety gets clear to the labour with the benefits of that.

Prevalence of suicide attempt, suicide ideation and self-harm at diagnosis in adolescents with eating disorders

Background Data concerning the suicide prevalence of eating disorder (ED) subtypes and predictive factors are lacking in youth. This study aimed to examine suicide attempts (SA), suicide ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH) upon diagnosis in adolescents with EDs. Methods The prevalence of SA, SI and SH in ED subtypes was evaluated by retrospectively assessing the Home, Education/Employment, Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Suicidal ideation and Safety (HEEADSSS) instrument of adolescents diagnosed with an ED. Clinical predictors of SI in anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN (AAN) were assessed. Results Among all participants (398), 41 (10.3%) reported SA, 126 (31.7%) SI and 60 (15.1%) SH. While SA did not differ statistically between ED subgroups (p = .123), they were two times more prevalent in the bulimia nervosa (BN) group (17.5%) than in the AN group (8.5%). In the BN group, SI was 2.3 times more prevalent than in the AN group (p = .001). The AN and ARFID groups exhibited substantially less SH (p = .036). Having a higher body mass index (BMI) was the only significant predictor of SI. Conclusions This study demonstrates that adolescents with EDs are at an increased risk for suicidality, highlighting the need for close screening, particularly in those with BN, AN-BP and AN with a higher BMI. Key points Adolescents with eating disorders have higher rates of suicidality than the general population. Bulimia nervosa had the highest risk for a suicide attempt, suicide ideation and self-harm at diagnosis. A higher body mass index (BMI) percentage was associated with an increased risk of suicidality in the anorexia nervosa group.

Analisa Konsumsi Daya Lampu Halogen dan LED di Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma

This research aims to analyze the power consumption of halogen and LED lamps at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. The airport field lighting system is a safety instrument in aviation at all operating airports. In the field lighting system there are 2 types of lights, namely Halogen and LED. The light replacement system requires personnel consideration to choose a type of lighting that is more efficient on the runway. This research aims to find out how efficient power consumption is. The data collection methods used in this research are literature study, observation method and interview method. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it shows that runway lighting shows more efficient results when using LED type lights, this can be seen from the saving efficiency and also the constant light intensity.

Laser-Induced Plasmas of Plutonium Dioxide in a Double-Walled Cell.

Plutonium research has been stifled by the significant number of administrative controls and safety procedures, space and instrumentation limitations in radiological gloveboxes, and the potential for personnel and equipment contamination. To address the limited number of spectroscopic studies in Pu-bearing compounds in the current scientific literature, this work presents the use of double-walled cells (DWCs) in "clean" buildings/laboratories as an alternative to research in radiological gloveboxes. This study reports the first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments of a PuO2 pellet contained within a DWC, where the formation of elemental (atomic and ionic) species as well as the evolution from elemental to molecular products (PuxOy) was measured. Raman spectroscopy was also used to characterize the surface of the ablated pellet and the particulates deposited on the window of the inner cell. The full width half-maximum of the T2g band enabled us to obtain an estimate of the temperature at the pellet surface after the ablation pulse and the particulates based on the crystal lattice disorder. Particulates deposited on the window of the DWC during laser ablation were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, where molten irregular particulates and spheroids were observed. This exciting research conducted in a DWC describes our initial attempts to incorporate LIBS in the arsenal of spectroscopic tools for nuclear forensics applications.

Nursing consultation in chemotherapy: facilitators and difficulties in the light of advanced practices

This article analyzes facilitating and hindering factors for the systematization of first appointment in clinical practice of nurses in antineoplastic chemotherapy in light of advanced practices. Descriptive study qualitative with 30 specialized clinical nurses. Data was produced in private online interviews and thematic analysis with the software Iramuteq. The appointment is marked by the plurality of actions. It is not standardized; it focuses on drug toxicities and their possible complications. The reception of patients, communication skills, empathy and technical-scientific mastery are facilitating factors; lack of physical space, work overload, scarcity of human resources and information overload are complicating factors. The first-time nursing appointment is a powerful instrument for quality and patient safety with treatment benefits. However, it is necessary to adopt a nursing assistance model that guides the systematization of the first-time nursing appointment, contributes to coordinating the care offered, and strengthens advanced practices in oncology nursing.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY CLIMATE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IN EMPLOYEES OF THE MINE DEPARTMENT AND RAW MATERIAL MANAGEMENT OF PT. XYZ

This study aims to see the relationship between safety climate and occupational safety and health (OSH) for employees of the Mining and Raw Materials Management Department of PT. XYZ. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with Spearman's Rho analysis technique. Participants in this study consisted of 100 employees of the Mining and Raw Materials Management Department of PT. XYZ was obtained using the accidental sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using the 24-item Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-24) and the Workplace Health and Safety Instrument German (WHASI-G). The reliability on the NOSACQ-24 measuring instrument is .905 and on the WHASI-G measuring instrument is .911. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between safety climate and occupational safety and health (OSH). This can be seen from the significance obtained by .000 (p<.05) and the correlation coefficient value of .699.

Cybersecurity and process safety synergy: An analytical exploration of cyberattack‐induced incidents

AbstractIn recent years, cyber‐connected industrial control systems (ICS) for remote operations have increased cyber and process risks. While process safety is widely studied, its connectivity with the cyber threat has not been well explored. It is crucial to study cybersecurity and process safety in an integrated way to ensure safe operations. This study addresses this gap by first analyzing the cyber incidents related to ICS since 1990. Subsequently, it connects cyber incidents with process accidents by Bowtie based on the ATT&CK framework. It further develops a Bayesian network due to the insignificant probabilities by Bowtie. The developed model is explained with case analysis. This study confirms that the process industry is prone to cyberattacks, and the field controllers are the main targets of attacks. The study observes that the safety instrument system (SIS) is critical for both the attackers and neutralizing the attacks (defenders). Moreover, attackers deploy newer approaches to attack the ICS, and therefore, methods of threat assessment and its neutralizing strategies should be dynamic.

Eddy Current Flow Meter Measurements in Liquid Sodium at High Temperatures

Abstract We present measurement results for the flow rate of liquid sodium at temperatures up to 700 °C that were obtained with a high-temperature prototype of an immersed eddy current flow meter. The experimental campaign was conducted at the SOLTEC-2 sodium loop at KIT. The main objective of the experiments is the high-temperature qualification of the Eddy Current Flow Meter as part of the safety instrumentation of generation IV liquid metal-cooled fast reactors. There it is intended to be used for monitoring the flow rate of the coolant and to detect possible blockages of subassemblies. Due to the large liquid metal volume, the sensor has to be located close to the subassemblies, therefore measurements from outside of the vessel are not possible and an immersed sensor is required. We demonstrate the successful application of the immersed eddy current flow meter (ECFM) at such high temperatures and identify the relevant effects with impact on the sensor performance.

Psychometric Properties of a Safety Culture Index among Mental Health Workers in Ghana

Safety culture among mental health workers is essential, especially in developing countries where workplace safety seems neglected. However, few studies have provided detailed psychometric analyses of convenient safety instruments with practical relevance for the healthcare industry in the Sub-Saharan African context. We sampled 574 (54.4 % females, 45.6 % males) mental health workers from three Specialist Psychiatric Teaching Hospitals in Ghana. Initially, we collected data using adapted items from Edkins and Coakes’ 25-item Airline Safety Culture Index (ASCI). Consequently, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares estimator. We also used the item reduction analysis (Gradual Response Model) to reduce the adapted 25-item scale to 11 items (Modified Safety Culture Index, MSCI- 11). Finally, we conducted reliability analyses (alpha and omega) for the MSCI-11. We observed that the data in the CFA showed adequate fit indices [χ2 (df = 44, N = 574) = 223.752, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.975; TLI = 0.968; RM- SEA = 0.084 (CI 90 % 0.074- 0.096); SRMR = 0.063]. The MSCI- 11 is parsimonious and has good reliability estimates [α = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.835 – 0.870) and ω = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.837- 0.087)]. Future studies should use additional cross-validation in other high-risk jobs to generalise the new scale.

Validation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay for the Detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in Seafood Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM 022301.

The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay method is a real-time PCR method for the multiplex detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in seafood. The Thermo Scientific SureTect Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus Assay was evaluated for AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification. Inclusivity/exclusivity, matrix, product consistency/stability, and robustness studies were conducted to assess the method's performance. For the matrix study, the method was validated using the Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR Food Safety Instrument and the Applied Biosystems™ 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR Food Safety Instrument against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 9 (2004), Vibrio and ISO 21872-1:2017 Microbiology of the food chain-Horizontal method for the determination of Vibrio spp.-Part 1: Detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus reference methods. Matrix studies showed equivalent or superior performance of the candidate method compared to the reference method and, overall, no difference between presumptive and confirmed results, except for one matrix due to high background flora. The inclusivity/exclusivity study correctly identified/excluded all strains analyzed. Robustness testing showed no statistically significant differences in assay performance under varied test conditions. Product consistency and stability studies demonstrated no statistically significant differences between assay lots with different expiration dates. The data presented show that the assay constitutes a rapid and reliable workflow for the detection of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in seafood matrixes. The SureTect PCR Assay method allows for fast, reliable detection of stipulated strains in seafood matrixes with results obtained in as little as 80 min post-enrichment.

Web-Based Harm Reduction Intervention for Chemsex in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Randomized Controlled Trial

Men who have sex with men (MSM) who practice chemsex have a higher likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors and higher rates of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than those who do not. This trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based intervention in reducing the sexual harms of chemsex among MSM. The study was a 2-arm, assessor-blinded, randomized, parallel-group trial with a 3-month follow-up period. The study was conducted in the year 2021 in Hong Kong. Underpinned by the theory of planned behaviors and a harm reduction approach, the intervention consisted of interactive components and knowledge-based information about chemsex. Participants in the control group received brief information and content about sexual violence. The primary outcome was self-efficacy in refusing risky sexual behaviors and chemsex, as measured by the Condom Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), Self-Efficacy for Sexual Safety (SESS) instrument, and Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES). The secondary outcomes included intentions to have chemsex, actual engagement in chemsex, HIV and other STI testing, and condom use in the last 3 months. All outcomes were self-reported. An online structured questionnaire was used to collect data. In total, 316 MSM enrolled in the study. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in condom-use self-efficacy (as measured by CSES scores; time-by-group interaction: β=4.52, 95% CI 2.03-7.02; P<.001), self-efficacy for sexual safety (as measured by SESS scores; time-by-group interaction: β=2.11, 95% CI 0.66-3.56; P=.004), and drug avoidance self-efficacy (as measured by DASES scores; time-by-group interaction: β=6.98, 95% CI 1.75-12.22; P=.009). Regarding the secondary outcomes, participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significantly larger reduction in the likelihood of having engaged in chemsex in the last 3 months (time-by-group interaction: odds ratio [OR]=0.23, 95% CI 0.10-0.53; P=.001) and likelihood of having had the intention to engage in chemsex in the last 3 months (time-by-group interaction: OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.78; P=.009). Participants in the intervention group also showed a significantly larger increase in the likelihood of having undergone HIV testing in the last 3 months (time-by-group interaction: OR=3.08, 95% CI 1.72-5.54; P<.001). This study suggests that a web-based intervention with a harm reduction approach can enhance the self-efficacy of MSM in refusing risky sexual behaviors and chemsex and improve the uptake of HIV testing. We also provide initial evidence that such interventions can reduce both the intention of MSM to engage in chemsex and their actual engagement in chemsex. ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN20134522; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN20134522. RR2-10.1186/s12889-021-10742-8.

A Study on the Efficiency Analysis of Airports in Korea

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze airport efficiency using the DEA methodology as airport activities are an important factor to support economic activities and environmental issues. Design/Methodology/Approach – Based on the DEA methodology, traditional analysis including BCC, CCR, and Super Efficiency analysis have been utilized to analyze the trends of efficiency in economic indexes. The Malmquist Analysis results also show productivity changes before and after COVID-19. This paper conducted research on the efficiency of the Korean airports in operational and environmental aspects. Adopting DEA models, seven variables were selected for analysis. Findings – This paper found that efficient airports are mainly supported by their large business markets, better hinterland connectivity, being a major airport, and effective resource management. Also, comparing the overall productivity of Korean Airports from 2018-2020, it is fair to say that from 2018 to 2019, before COVID-19, internal factors were driving the overall productivity change. Following other airports, Yeosu were successful in enhancing the efficiencies of the internal operation of airports in the 2020 period. It is also notable that, during COVID-19, the level of cargo at Incheon International Airport, and skyrocketed passenger movements at Jeju International Airport affected the level of efficiency. After COVID-19, although internal efficiency was apparently evident as a decisive factor for overall productivity for most airports, some airports (Jeju, Pohang, and Yangyang) focused on external factors such as technology, which was driving the overall productivity change in their operation compared to others in the sample in this study. Research Implications – This study implies that COVID-19effects on global trade have changed the way airports operate, as most airports now focus on and invest in safety instruments as well as cargo support services and auxiliary services. Airports will confront an enormous task in the coming years, and these goals are ideologically compatible with sustainable development goals. Airports are here to endorse sustainable development, as well as facilitate possibilities and connectivity, and the disclosure of ESG business information are the appropriate resource to help expansion and improvement.

COLONIAL UNREASON: GANDHI’S REACTION TO THE PLAGUE AND PERSECUTION IN COLONIAL SOUTH AFRICA

During his stay in Colonial South Africa over a period of almost twenty-one years, he witnessed a wanton exhibition of colonial unreason by the British. The ‘colonial unreason’ involves the process of legitimization of irrationality in order to achieve control over the colonised subjects. This paper, therefore, deals with Gandhi's reaction to the discriminatory treatment and severe persecution of the British Indians by the colonial dispensation over the outbreak of plague both during and after the second Boer war (from 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902). Gandhi wrote extensively about the unleashing of discriminatory action against the British Indians in colonial South Africa as the coloniser apprehended or more often accused maliciously the community of having carried the plague virus. Several measures were taken to punish the Indians apart from the prevailing colonial coercion. In the name of precaution or prevention, punishments and unlawful segregation were taken up as the new normal. This was nothing new in the colonial normative. It was rather a rigorous intensification of the already prevailing colonial modes of control. The champions of reason, liberalism and human rights legitimized unreason as an instrument of control or public safety. In the name of prevention, persecution became the norm. This research revisits the plague in South Africa through the writings of Gandhi in order to understand the colonial apathy against the British Indians.

산업제어시스템 통합에 따른 안전계장 시스템 사이버 보안 취약점 평가 및 대응방안 연구

Although the Safety Instrumented System has been operated independently among industrial control systems for a long time, recently the industrial control system has been released as an integrated Distributed Control System based on an open platform because it is more cost-effective simplified and enhanced approach for advanced functional safety however it could be vulnerable to cybersecurity sector. Without considering of cybersecurity, the SIS has no guarantee its secured from cyberattacks. The discovery of the TRITON melware, which is targeting the SIS in 2017, is emphasized in the connection between the SIS and the DCS. Considering these issues the IEC Standard 61511 Second Edition which guarantees the functional safety of industrial processes updated new explicit requirement to conduct a security risk assessment. This study aims to investigate whether the Safety Instrumentation System (SIS), which has long been independently classified in the industrial control system considered irrelevant to cybersecurity problems, has become an appropriate cybersecurity design due to connection with the DCS, and to present vulnerability measures. For this study four domestic oil refineries and six petrochemical NCC plants were selected to analyze security design and weaknesses. As a result of all of plants were vulnerable to cybersecurity vulnerability therefore, the SIS is needed to be included appropriate design and assessment as part of the enhancement process.

Academic program recommendations for graduate degrees in medical physics: AAPM Report No. 365 (Revision of Report No. 197).

Academic program recommendations for graduate degrees in medical physics: AAPM Report No. 365 (Revision of Report No. 197).