Instituto Brasileiro De Geografia E Estatistica Research Articles

Family farming: The importance of growing beans in the state of Paraíba as a sustainable alternative for rural people

Family farming is increasingly gaining prominence by constantly reflecting on its benefits, whether in social or economic terms. The development of family farming is not something recent, but has been gaining strength by promoting an interaction of multiple interest between rural classes, scientific research and public policies. It is revealing a new way of looking at small producers. In addition, this activity provides environmental sustainability, improving the quality of life of the farmer and his production. Bean production is closely linked to family farming and is cultivated by a wide range of farmers with the most varied profiles. In this sense, this study aims to highlight the importance of family farming and its relationship with bean cultivation in the state of Paraíba - PB, since this activity is one of the bases of production for rural people. The study relied on a search and compilation of results from the database of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the period from 2017 to 2021, in addition to a thorough review of academic papers on the respective area of study on the platform “google academic”. In this context, it is necessary to take a thorough look when it comes to agricultural production, and it is clear that the area planted and harvested in 2021 had a considerable drop compared to 2020, but when checking the quantity produced and the average yield compared to 2017, the year 2021 was superior, since technologies and new methodological practices constantly optimize the agricultural sector. Family farming is a strong basis for the rural man's conquest of a dignified and fair life, allowing him to live with the conditions imposed by nature.

Combining Ecological and Socio-Environmental Data and Networks to Achieve Sustainability

Combining Ecological and Socio-Environmental Data and Networks to Achieve Sustainability

Correlation between physical activity practice and mortality from COVID-19: an ecological study

Background and objective: new population-level studies are needed to better assess the relationship between physical inactivity and mortality from COVID-19. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between population prevalence of physical activity and standardized mortality rates by COVID-19 in Brazilian capital cities and the Federal District. Methods: this is an ecological study, whose analysis is secondary. The prevalence of physical inactivity, insufficient physical activity, and physical activity during free time was obtained from the Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey 2019 (VIGITEL), according to minutes spent on leisure, commuting, and household activities. The COVID-19 mortality data was obtained from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), adding the accumulated deaths until December 31, 2020. The resident population was estimated from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the year 2020. Pearson Correlation evaluated the correlation between the prevalence of different physical activity practices and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19, in total, and according to age groups. Results: there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.420; p = 0.029) between the overall prevalence of insufficient physical activity and the standardized COVID-19 mortality rate. No correlation was observed between the other prevalence of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19. Conclusion: there was a correlation between insufficient levels of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19 in people living in Brazilian capital cities.

Sugarcane and Coffee in the Extreme Southern Region of Bahia, Brazil: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Socioeconomic Factors

The região extremo sul da Bahia(RESB-Extreme Southern Region of Bahia) hasagricultural aptitude for several crops and has already been subjected to the expansion of sugarcane and coffee. Thus, this work analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics of sugarcane and coffee monocultures in the RESB and their relationship with socioeconomic indices. The methodology consists of collection and analysis of data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), which is the main provider of geographic information and statistics in Brazil,the Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento(CONAB), which is responsible for providing technical information to support decision-making regarding the elaboration of policies aimed at agricultureand the Atlas Brasil platform. Data were collected regarding the planted area and the amount of sugarcane and coffee produced in the region between 1988 and 2019. To understand the relationship between expansion and socioeconomic factors, data related to gross domestic product (GDP) and municipal human development index (MHDI) were collected. This study identified the main sugarcane-producing municipalities (Caravelas, Mucuri, Medeiros Neto, Nova Viçosa, Lajedão, Ibirapuã and Santa Cruz Cabrália) and coffee (Prado, Itamaraju, Porto Seguro, Eunapolis, Teixeira de Freitas and Itabela). The expansion of these crops presents economic importance for the region, but presents a little contribution to the improvement of the various factors that make up the MHDI of the municipalities. This study concluded that the expansion of these crops changed the agricultural matrix of the region due to its specialization in the production of these crops to the detriment of others such as cocoa, for example.

Environmental Disturbances in Counties from the Region of “Agreste” in the State of Pernambuco, and the Governmental Actions to Minimize Them, According to Counties’ Managers

Purpose: analyze the recent environmental changes and monitor programs of local governments. Theoretical framework: is supported by literature on the maturity level of sustainability and sustainable. Method/design/approach: the most populated municipalities of Pernambuco in the mid-dry region of the state were investigated by applying the same questionnaire and interviews used in all Brazil by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) in 2002. Results and conclusion: Based on the questionnaires, two indices were generated: Anthropic Pressures Index and Anthropic Pressures Mitigation Index. It is proven, from the data, an increase of impacts and a reduced number of local policies. Research implications: the lack of studies of the environmental situation in the municipalities of Pernambuco is noteworthy, as well as the absence of environmental policies to address these negative impacts. Originality/value: one of the most debated topics nowadays has been the human impacts on the natural environment. In this respect, public policies aimed at mitigation have been insufficient.

Neurological adverse events after vaccination against sars-cov-2 in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí

Introduction At the end of 2019, a new disease that would come to be known as COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, caused by a virus called novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2. The infection has spread worldwide, causing many deaths, however, at the end of 2020, the first vaccines against this new virus appeared, approved by regulatory bodies as being effective and safe. However, since the beginning of immunization, there has been much speculation within the general population both about the supposed low efficacy and the correlation with serious post-vaccination adverse events (APVE), including deaths. Furthermore, it is highlighted in the literature that neurological manifestations are one of the main sources of AEFI. Objective: Therefore, the objective of this study is post-vaccination adverse events against covid-19 in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí. Objectives 1) Investigate the occurrence of post-vaccination adverse events of a neurological nature of vaccination against Sars-CoV-2 in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí. Methods This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and epidemiological quantitative study. Data were collected from the Information Sistema de Informação de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinação (SI-EAPV) of Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí, in the period from January 2021 (date of the beginning of vaccination against COVID-19 in Brazil) to September 2021. The study population was concentrated in the municipality of Parnaíba, located in the state of Piauí, Brazil. According to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the estimated population for the municipality in question is 153,863 people. The dependent variable is the presence of neurological manifestation as an outcome: yes/no. The other variables analyzed were color/race, sex and the description of the vaccine used. (Too see the complete abstract, please, check out the PDF).

Federate learning of corporate social authority and industry 4.0 that focus on young people: a strategic management framework for human resources

Purpose The young population of the globe is defined by individuals aged 15 to 24 years. Based on statistics from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the second largest women population among 15 years as well as 19 years was in 2017 only behind 35 and 39 years. At this time, the Brazilian male population was higher. The difficulties of the young generation affected the preceding generation and promoted social dynamism. The worldwide data shows that the generation of young and the digital world have been constantly sought, but in reality, approximately one-third of the population in 2017 had no access to the internet. Design/methodology/approach The worldwide movement around topics such as strategy on its threefold basis and Industry 4.0 enable a link to company duty towards society to be established. This present study was produced from 1 March 2020 to 2 September 2020 via resources of human and literature evaluation relating to the idea of strategic, Industry 4.0, the responsibility of society and the creation of youth. Its motive is the global creation of youth. Two recommendations should be made after studying the literature and information gathering that enabled “analyzing social responsibility of the company and industry 4.0 with a pivot on young creation: a strategic framework for resources of human management”. Findings The adoption of defensible practices and technology bring forth by the revolution in industrial is emphasized worldwide. Originality/value The focus on the usage of these ideas is essential, so that young people can absorb the workforce in the labour market. To achieve this, the CSR idea combines this theoretical triple-created recent study.

Covid-19 Dissemination: Late Contact in Local Centers in Southeastern Tocantins

In 2020, the world was overwhelmed by COVID-19, which produced a severe pathology with high mortality rates. National policies to control the pandemic clashed with Brazil’s precarious health structure. While the Brazilian state of Tocantins, along with the rest of the world, saw its main cities suffer from high contamination rates, certain other localities remained free from these dynamics for a much longer period. Thus, this study set out to investigate five municipalities, all located in the southeastern corner of the state, and which were the last to be affected by the pandemic. The aim was to reflect upon the factors that delayed the arrival of the virus. A descriptive analysis was conducted, with a bibliographical review and the use of secondary data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) database, the State Department of Planning and Budget, epidemiological bulletins from the Department of Health, indices from the agribusiness production chain and the industrial profile, produced by the Tocantins State Federation of Industries. It was concluded that certain factors contributed to this process, such as a low level of influence from urban centers, a lack of major highways and the low purchasing power of the population, which avoided greater flows resulting from the low economic attractiveness.

ENSINO PROFISSIONALIZANTE, AGENDA 2030 E DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DO MUNICÍPIO DE CANOINHAS-SC

ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze data related to access to Professional and Technological Education (EPT) in the municipalities of the Associação dos Municípios do Planalto Norte Catarinense (Amplanorte) and, more specifically, in the municipality of Canoinhas-SC, linking them with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), proposed by the United Nations (UN). Methodologically, the literature supports data obtained from official sources, such as the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Santa Catarina (SED) e and Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Canoinhas-SC (SME). The research shows advances in Professional and Technological Education in that municipality, but also points to the need for investments and improvement in performance by public or private agents. Finally, it points out the importance of professional qualification for young people and adults as one of the possibilities for social inclusion through new jobs, obtaining income and, consequently, contributing to regional development.

Variants *1, *2, *3 and *17 of CYP2C19 Cytochrome among Helicobacter Pylori Carriers from Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil

Objective:The objective of the present study was to estimate the frequency of CYP2C19 cytochrome variants *1, *2, *3 and *17 among Helicobacter pylori carriers from Manaus, Amazonas state, who were treated at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD). Methods:From the 78 recruited individuals who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy and histopathological test, 50 tested positive for H. pylori. Peripheral blood was collected from this group and CYP2C19 *2, *3 and *17 alleles were genotyped using qPCR. Results:Of the 50 H. pylori + individuals, 22 were male and 28 were female. Their age varied from 18 to 67 years old, with the mean age being 40.24. Racial groups were classified by self-declaration, based on the official Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) categories: 16% (8) were white, 78% (39) were brown, 4% (2) were black, and 2% (1) were indigenous. H. pylori infection was classified using the system of crosses, with 30% (15) of infections being classified as mild (+), 30% (15) as moderate (++), and 40% (20) as severe (+++). The CYP2C19 genotype results showed an allelic frequency of 11% for *2 (20% of the subjects), 6% for *3 (10% of the subjects) and 17% for *17 (30% of the subjects). Based on the phenotypic profiles, the individuals were classified as poor metabolizers (PM, 10%), intermediate metabolizers (IM, 2%), extensive metabolizers (EM, 58%) and ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM, 20%). Conclusions:Even though the percentage of allele *3 was higher than expected, the percentage of allele *17, a possible contributor to H. pylori eradication failure, was also significant. The population that self-declared as brown showed a unique genotypic pattern, unlike any other population described in previous studies. Our results show that small populations may have genetic particularities that are relevant to therapeutic outcomes.

The Characteristics from the National Culture and its Influence at the Organizational Subcultures: An Analysis from Brazilian Public Management

This study proposes an analysis of the influence of the Brazilian cultural features on the federal public employees of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE), which is “the main data provider” in Brazil. Specifically, it is intended to perform a cultural analysis of the Brazilian regions – North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Mid-West -, justified by its dimension and plurality. The data were collected from 464 IBGE’s employee’s respondents, in Brazil, from the questionnaire VSM-2013 proposed by Hofstede (2018). Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture have been used: the results point to a confirmation of the indexes obtained by the model of cultural mapping, when applied to Brazil. Besides that, it is possible to verify the occurrence of variations according to the Brazilian region that is been analyzed, indicating the existence of subcultures.

Inflação de alimentos no Brasil em período da pandemia da Covid 19, continuidade e mudanças

Desde 2007, os preços dos alimentos sobem mais intensamente do que o conjunto dos preços ao consumidor no Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho é comparar a inflação de alimentos no primeiro semestre de 2020 com a de 2007 e 2019, verificando se houve mudanças em suas características e razões. Usam-se informações do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) que permitem analisar o Índice de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) e seus componentes. Entre 2007 e 2019, preços da alimentação fora do domicílio expandiram-se mais que da alimentação no domicílio. Entre os componentes desta, os preços dos menos processados aumentaram mais do que os dos mais processados, indicando que a origem da inflação de alimentos foi agropecuária, com as carnes tendo grande contribuição para o fato. Por sua vez, no primeiro semestre de 2020, produtos sem comércio exterior significativo, feijão, arroz, frutas, legumes e verduras, pressionaram mais a inflação. Em todo o período, as condições de comércio exterior, preço internacional e taxa de câmbio, tiveram forte influência na inflação de alimentos. No primeiro semestre de 2020, entre as causas, ganhou relevância o aumento da demanda de alimentos nos supermercados, aparentemente não acompanhado pela expansão da oferta.

Intake of low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) by the Brazilian population

ABSTRACT Estimated intake of six low and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) (acesulfame potassium, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, steviol glycosides and sucralose) from processed foods and beverages, as well as from tabletop sweeteners uses, by the Brazilian population were derived and compared to the respective Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The estimates were based on dietary consumption data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) in 2008–2009 and LNCS use rates and associated market share information based on data provided by Brazilian industry members. Two intake scenarios were considered: a conservative brand loyal consumer scenario that assumes all LNCS-containing foods and beverages and tabletop sweeteners contain the maximum reported LNCS concentrations (Scenario A) and a scenario representative of the general consumer population that uses a market share weighted average of the reported concentrations (Scenario B). Intake estimates were derived for the total Brazilian population (age 10 + y), and for the subpopulations of adolescents (10–18y), adults (19–59y), and older adults (60 + y). Intake of LNCS up to the 95th percentile did not exceed their respective ADI for all subpopulations considered, in either the general consumer scenario or the brand loyal scenario. Among consumers age 10 + y, the 95th percentile intakes of the various LNCS ranged from 6.8% to 54% of their respective ADI for the brand loyal scenario and from <1% to 6.0% of their respective ADIs for the general consumer scenario.

The unusual origin of qualitative social science research in Brazil

We describe how the IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) was the cradle of the qualitative method in Brazil, through its National Study of Family Spending. This study analyzed the living conditions of the people of Brazil, sampling 55,311 individuals in the 1970s and merging quantitative and qualitative data. The effects of social inequality on malnutrition, infant mortality and life expectancy stood out: 62.7% of families had caloric deficit; 40% suffered from shortage of food; there were 115 deaths per 1,000 live births and the life expectancy was 59 years. The IBGE coined the term "unstructured information" for the data, and the qualitative study shone light on and humanized the data collected. However, the military dictatorship prohibited its publication during the time of the so-called "Brazilian miracle."

Evolution and current scenario of irrigated area in Brazil: Systematic data analysis

ABSTRACT Water is an essential element to life and used in various human activities. However, because of the amount used in agriculture and the increase in irrigated area, the sustainable use of this resource has become a worldwide concern. In this study, data from the Censuses of Agriculture published by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) from 1960 to 2017 were evaluated in relation to the regions and irrigation methods, performing a detailed analysis between the data from the 2006 and 2017 Censuses. There was an increase in irrigated area in Brazil in all geographic regions, reaching 6.9 million hectares in 2017. Sprinkler irrigation methods are the most used, with 48% of the irrigated area, followed by localized irrigation (24.4%) and surface irrigation (22.3%). Drip irrigation is the most used system in establishments up to 50 ha (617,423 ha), followed by conventional sprinkler (514,893 ha), while the center pivot stands out in areas larger than 50 ha (1,362,828 ha). The Southeast region (38.6%) and the states of Rio Grande do Sul (20.4%), Minas Gerais (16.6%) and São Paulo (16.0%) stand out as the ones with the largest irrigated area in the country. The State of Minas Gerais showed the highest growth of irrigated area in the 2006-2017 period (116.1%), due to the expansion of areas irrigated with center pivot.

Acre e Rondônia: comparativo de casos de intoxicações por agrotóxicos, produção agrícola e perfil sociodemográfico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar casos de intoxicações por agrotóxicos, produção agrícola e perfil sociodemográfico, no período de 2007 a 2017, entre os estados Acre e Rondônia. O estudo é descritivo, com levantamento de dados por meio de consultas à base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação, ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e ao Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Utilizou-se a plataforma OpenEpin para transcrição de dados em proporção e IC 95%. Acre e Rondônia são respectivamente o 24.º e o 16.º colocados entre os estados que comercializam agrotóxicos. Quanto ao uso de agroquímicos por área plantada, Rondônia está em 5.º lugar, e o Acre, em 19º. O predomínio da agricultura familiar é notório nos estados. As maiores incidências de notificações de intoxicações se deram como resultado de uso de agrotóxicos agrícolas, com maior ocorrência em pessoas do sexo masculino. Diante do uso indiscriminado desses produtos agrotóxicos, detecta-se a necessidade de uma fiscalização e controle mais eficazes, promoção de políticas públicas para acompanhar o produtor rural e capacitá-lo ao uso adequado desses produtos e promoção da sensibilização da população exposta a esses produtos que causam riscos ao ser humano e ao meio ambiente.

Inclusão digital através de encontros lúdicos para o estímulo do pensamento computacional

Resumo: Esta iniciativa surge diante da necessidade de melhoria nos índices educacionais observados nos últimos anos, em especial aqueles informados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e pelo Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB). Este trabalho apresenta uma experiência desenvolvida junto à comunidade escolar, com a oferta de oficinas lúdicas para o estímulo do pensamento computacional. A metodologia dos encontros consiste basicamente em dinâmicas alternativas ao ensino tradicional da sala de aula, promovendo momentos lúdicos para os participantes através do uso jogos e recursos digitais, a fim de promover a inclusão digital para alunos das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas da região do Litoral do Rio Grande do Sul. As atividades são desenvolvidas com recursos da tecnologia da informação, em duas etapas: com o uso de jogos digitais, através de plataformas gratuitas, e com o uso da computação desplugada, oportunizando, assim, o atendimento das escolas independentemente dos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis, como um laboratório de informática, por exemplo. Nos encontros, jogos lúdicos são utilizados, estimulando o aprendizado dos participantes com base nos princípios básicos da programação, que são essenciais para a convivência em sociedade nos dias de hoje. No ano de 2019, já foram atendidos 200 participantes. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a experiência proporcionou melhorias de até 48% na compreensão de enunciados pelos participantes, além de despertar o interesse dos alunos pela tecnologia, promovendo uma educação integral e cidadã, oportunizando um aprendizado de forma criativa e significativa. &#x0D; Palavras-chave: Encontros Lúdicos. Inclusão Digital. Pensamento Computacional.

P5520Evaluation of the impact of the implementation of a pre-hospital ambulance system on acute myocardial infarction mortality in a developing country

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The effective management of patients with AMI is directly linked to time, and approximately one-half of the deaths attributed to AMI occur from cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital setting, reinforcing the importance of the prehospital care. Contemporary data remain particularly lacking about the use of prehospital care in the setting of AMI, particularly from the more generalizable perspective of a community-based investigation, as well as information about the hospital outcomes of patients transported by ambulance. Purpose To assess the impact the implementation of a nationwide ambulance service (Serviço de Atendimento Médico de Urgência, SAMU) on AMI mortality and number of hospitalizations, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods Retrospective, ecological study, which assessed data from the Brazilian Universal Health System (SUS), from all 853 municipalities of Minas Gerais, from 2008 to 2016. SAMU implementation dates were obtained from the state government and SAMU local coordinators. Data on the population of each municipality was obtained from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the Brazilian official demographic institute. Excessive skewness of general and in-hospital mortality rates were smoothed using the Empirical Bayes method The relationship between SAMU care in each municipality and the mortality due to AMI in the general population, in-hospital mortality and number of hospitalizations for AMI was assessed using the Poisson hierarchical model, and the analyzed rates were corrected by the age structure and detrended by seasonal influences. Results AMI mortality rates showed a decreasing tendency throughout the study, on average 2% per year, and seasonal variation, being higher during winter months. Age-corrected AMI in-hospital mortality also showed a decreasing trend, from 13.81% in 2008 to 11.43% in 2016. SAMU implementation was associated with decreased AMI mortality (odds ratio [OR]=0.967, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.936–0.998) and AMI in-hospital mortality (OR=0.914, 95% CI 0.845–0.986) with no relation with the number of hospitalizations (OR 1.003, 95% CI 0.927–1.083). There was no seasonal variation in the number of AMI hospitalizations. Conclusion SAMU implementation was related to a modest but significant decrease in AMI in-hospital mortality. This finding reinforces the main role of prehospital care in AMI care and reinforces the need for investment in improving the service throughout the country.

Serviços Intensivos em Conhecimento e Serviços Tradicionais: Um Panorama Intersetorial de Micro e Pequenas Empresas

Objetivo: Verificar se a longevidade das Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) de Serviços Intensivos em Conhecimento (SICs) é diferente das MPEs de Setores Tradicionais de Serviço (STSs).Metodologia/abordagem: Foram realizadas análises quantitativas de dados secundários, coletados na Junta Comercial do Estado de Minas Gerais (JUCEMG) e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).Principais resultados: A primeira hipótese, que afirma que as empresas de SICs têm porcentagem maior de pessoas empregadas com nível de educação superior em relação a empresas de STSs, não foi rejeitada pela pesquisa. A segunda hipótese, que afirma que as empresas de SICs têm uma longevidade maior do que empresas de STSs, foi rejeitada pela pesquisa.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Estudos anteriores alegaram que os SICs são fontes importantes de inovação, porém não foram encontrados estudos que analisassem e comparassem a longevidade das MPEs de SICs e STSs. Os estudos anteriores também não apresentavam uma classificação uniforme sobre os SICs. No presente estudo, foi realizada a análise da longevidade dos SICs e elaborada uma consolidação das definições dos SICs associando-as com a Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas do IBGE. Tal associação pode ser aplicada em outras pesquisas.Relevância/originalidade: As MPEs são reconhecidas por possuírem grande importância social e econômica, principalmente pela geração de empregos. E os SICs são reconhecidos pela geração de inovação para outras empresas, elemento esse que pode ser decisivo para a competitividade. Portanto, o estudo das MPEs de setores SICs tem relevante importância econômica.

Regional Dynamics of the Brazilian Amazon: between Modernization and Land Conflicts

The Brazilian Amazon has undergone intense transformations resulting from geopolitical and ideological valuations in the service of productive-competitive integration of its territory in the national and international economy. State and capital affirm an appropriating rationality of nature projected in two vectors of occupation/modernization: techno-industrial and techno-ecological. The undergone problem is inscribed in spatial injustice as counterpart of capitalist expansion regarding land conflicts. The methodology is based on the theoreticalconceptual división of social injustices versus ideology of capitalist modernization of the Amazonian territory. The empirical treatment of the collected datasets unveils land conflicts through information obtained by the Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), the DATALUTA Project, and the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Thus, theory and empirical practices are unified in a regional dynamic analysis of the Brazilian Amazon in the last 20 years. The study emphasizes that the territorial policies of the State and capitalist forces (multinationals, agribusiness, mining, and logging) promote deforestation, violent conflicts over land and water, slave labor, rural redevelopment, demographic depletion of the affected rural areas, and accelerated precarious urbanization. The expansión of land conflicts and spatial injustices in the Brazilian Amazon results from the modernization of the territory.Highlights: Research article that seeks to unveil a scenario of intense modernization of the Amazon territory, in the last 20 years, which has caused the expansion of spatial injustices translated into land and wáter conflicts. The analysis considers recent information from the CPT, the DATALUTA project, and the IBGE.