Institutions In Romania Research Articles

SUSTAINABILITY IN THE ROMANIAN BANKING SECTOR

Starting from the definition of the word sustainable, which represents the ability to exist constantly, the central objective of the study is to identify the main directions regarding a sustainable development in the Romanian banking sector, as well as how the risk indicators of the banking sector were influenced in the period 2018– 2023 through the lens of a much more environmentally friendly development. The research hypothesis is that most banking institutions have shown their interest in sustainability and have already made impressive progress in implementation by adopting policies for this purpose. The research methodology was based on an analysis of aggregated indicators regarding credit institutions in Romania, a very important indicator being the rate of non-performing loans, the research carried out trying to demonstrate the fact that the presence of sustainability can positively influence the performance indicators of the banking system. At the same time, the new global ESG trend (environmental policies, sustainability and governance) and how it impacted bank financing in Romania was integrated into the paper.

THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC INVESTMENTS FOR EDUCATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN ROMANIA

Through this research we aim to make a brief analysis of how the value of educational investments influences the performance of students in Romania. In order to achieve the proposed goal, it is necessary to analyze some specific indicators to education and compare them with similar data from other countries. To carry out this research, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. Education is an essential factor in economic growth and social development. The educational process has a significant role both in the growth of each individual and of society as a whole, being indispensable for personal development and well-being. Investments in education deliver long-term benefits to citizens, publicly funded institutions and the knowledge-based economy as a whole. Research over the last few decades has shown that investments in education and health are associated with the highest rate of return. It is essential to prioritize public investments with the aim of ensuring the performance standards of educational institutions in Romania, in conditions of security and quality. For this, it is necessary for the school infrastructure to function properly, the constructions to be consolidated, the maintenance costs to be costeffective and to ensure the efficiency of the use of space and resources in order to allow the activities of the users to be carried out in optimal conditions of comfort, health and productivity. Also, human capital is quantitatively analyzed as the first economic resource from the perspective of population evolution. In project evaluation, investment efficiency refers to the most effective, economical and rational way of using the investment resources made available to achieve the expected results.

Supporting the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Universities – A Research Based on Students Opinions

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to identify a feasible way to support the ethical use of AI in universities based on identifying how the AI software application ChatGPT is used in education at higher education institutions and with students in different majors. Study design/methodology/approach: The research methodology consisted of the following stages: (1) a survey based on a questionnaire designed considering the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework to collect students’ opinions on the use of AI ChatGPT; (2) The results of the survey were used to design the materials of the AI Transmedia Campaign, but also to identify the best distribution channels of them; (3) After implementing the AI Transmedia Campaign, a feedback survey was developed, ascertaining the effectiveness of the approach to create an ethical behaviour towards the AI software application in general, and on AI ChatGPT, in particular. Findings: Research shows a gap in regulating the ethical use of AI applications in higher education. Thus, the AI Transmedia Campaign has been well received and appreciated by all categories of students. Originality/value: The research is international and was carried out in higher education institutions in Romania, Greece, and Slovenia (the size of the research sample, 2942, proves the scope of the study). The research results have demonstrated and characterised the students’ behaviour (the cognitive response and the intention to use) towards the use of AI ChatGPT and the utility of the AI Transmedia Campaign realised in the context of the implementation of the RespectNET project (2021-1-IT02-KA220-HED-000027578, https://respectnet.eu/).

Considerations regarding possible directions for improving the method of carrying out financial control in public institutions in Romania

This article aims to analyze the current state and the fundamental role of financial control within public entities in Romania. Through a methodology based on comparative analysis, the study focuses on financial control legislation and practices, highlighting significant developments and changes in recent years. The analysis is enriched by assessing the impact of these changes on the efficiency and transparency of the management of public funds. In particular, the article identifies progress made within the financial control system, highlighting legislative and administrative improvements as well as persistent challenges. Special attention is paid to the impact of the reforms on the transparency of public spending and the accountability of government institutions.The results of the analysis emphasize a gradual tendency to improve financial control practices, but also highlight the continuous need for reform and adaptation to European and international standards. Through this analysis, the article contributes to the existing literature on this topic, providing an updated perspective on the state of financial control in Romania and emphasizing its importance for efficient and responsible governance.In conclusion, the study reveals the vital importance of continuing reforms in the field of financial control, not only to improve administrative efficiency, but also to strengthen public confidence in the way state resources are administered.

HOW DO WE ENSURE THE QUALIFICATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS WITH DIGITAL SKILLS IN EUROPE? A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Digital transformation has become a desire for states due to its real benefits to society. Public sector employees must prepare professionally to successfully implement digitisation projects of public services. In this context, the issue of digital skills of civil servants is a priority for the public administration. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of institutions that provide professional training in the digital field for public sector employees. The purpose of this work is to analyse which are the models of good practices to follow when we talk about the digital transformation of public administrations in Europe. At the same time, the objective of the comparative analysis is to establish a set of priorities regarding the digital skills that must be pursued through the professional training processes of civil servants. The work offers interesting insights on how these institutions are sharing their responsibilities. The conclusions of this study can be useful to public institutions in Romania in order to improve digital transformation processes.

The Impact of Digital Innovation on Accounting Practices: The Case of Romanian Public Schools

Today, digitalization has covered all areas of the social system. The introduction of innovative technologies and ERP systems in the accounting field helps significantly increase the efficiency of financial management. At the same time, certain industries, such as public schools in Romania, still do not take full advantage of accounting automation. This article examines the adoption of accounting automation through ERP solutions in university educational institutions in Romania and explores the advantages and obstacles that come with this shift. In this study, a thorough analysis of the data collected through the survey was carried out. A questionnaire with questions was sent to 100 educational colleges in Romania. The questionnaire contained questions aimed at gathering information about the level of automation, the types of technology used, the difficulties faced and the benefits. Institutions of various sizes with various funding sources – from regular to high schools – were chosen for the study. Implementing automated accounting systems in institutions in Romania has shown noticeable benefits, enhancing efficiency and transparency while ensuring accuracy in operations. However, limited financial resources and inadequate digital expertise challenge the adoption of ERP technologies and other sophisticated solutions. The study results show that digitalization levels differ significantly across education levels, with high and secondary schools being the most digitized, while pre-kindergarten and primary schools lag in adoption. Key obstacles include constraints and a shortage of expertise, particularly impacting high school and secondary educational establishments. The research provides recommendations to enhance the digitalization process in Romania's pre-university educational institutions.

Executive-legislative interface and functioning of political institutions in Romania

The purpose of this study is to discuss the struggle between the prime minister and the president to exercise legislative and executive power. According to the constitution of Romania, there is a clear division of power between the President and the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the head of government but the President also plays a key role in the country. There are many examples of interference in legislative work by the President of Romania. The paper discusses power sharing between the legislative and executive power of the Prime minister and the President of Romania. Because of the semi-presidential system in the country, the President of Romania has equal legislative power as the Prime minister. This has in practice led to major contradictions in the functioning of the Romanian political system. The paper analyses the substantial power that the Constitution vests the President with affects the Prime Minister’s role in the country. That is why Romania’s democratic journey has been one of power struggle between the President and the Prime Minister. Apart from the many conflicts between the President and Prime Minister, there is a massive debate on corruption which has also critically affected institution-building in this new democracy. There are discussions about the pillar of democratic bodies which is fragile and lacks trust in political institutions.

A NEW TOOL FOR ANALYSING THE PERFORMANCE OF INSTITUTIONS REGARDING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCESSES

Public procurement is one of the ways in which authorities contribute to the welfare of citizens through investment and services. Articles in the literature have done relatively limited work on analysing the performance of the public procurement system and the factors that influence this performance in comparison with procurement and the way these processes are organised in private companies. The aim of this paper is to propose a new tool for analysing the factors influencing the performance of public procurement structures in Romanian government institutions. Based on the literature and the author's more than 15 years of experience in the field of public procurement, the present framework was developed. Several dimensions have been taken into account in the development of the tool, thus the following were taken into account: the organisation of the institution, the degree of specialisation of the staff involved in the procurement process, the degree of recognition of the procurement function within the institution. This questionnaire can be used in any analysis of factors leading to the performance of institutions in Romania in terms of the duration of public procurement processes. These analyses will contribute to the development of strategies in the field of optimising staffing requirements and improving the performance of procurement structures in public institutions

Ethical Conduct and Independence in Audit and Control of Public Institutions in Romania: A Case Study

Ethical Conduct and Independence in Audit and Control of Public Institutions in Romania: A Case Study

MODERN CHALLENGES TO MILITARY MANAGEMENT. UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 "WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY

"Over time, women, as representatives of the ""weaker sex"", were marginalized, in the beginning, not being recognized for rights that were considered self-evident for men, and later recognized only to a limited extent or by offering them rights only on half. At the outset of the second half of the 20th century, women’s rights started being acknowledged, gradually, allowing them to be contenders for higher ranking jobs in all aspects of society. The military field followed this trend with somewhat of a delay, it was only at the end of the 20th century that female personnel numbers started growing, with a slow evolution until after the first decade of the 21st century, development driven by “United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325”, adopted in 2000. However, there have been delays in reducing the gender employment gap, seeing how there have been numerous updates regarding the policies on gender equality and discrimination against persons with disabilities, as 13 more resolutions have been issued since the UN resolution of 2000 that complement or influence priorities. This study is based on a comparative analysis regarding the integration of women in military institutions in Romania vs United States of America vs United Kingdom."

Study on the Choice of the Optional Subject "Chess Education" in the School Year 2021-2022

Abstract The purpose of the study was to identify the share of educational units in Romania, urban and rural, in which the optional subject "Chess Education" was implemented in the 2021-2022 school year, with the involvement of their management, taking into account the provisions of the Order 3249/31.03.2014. The research was carried out in the 2022-2023 school year and was carried out in collaboration with school inspectors for the discipline of physical education and sport in 40 counties of the country. In carrying it out, I used the questionnaire survey to collect information and the statistical-mathematical calculations for quantitative analysis. The research’s results show that only 31 educational institutions in Romania implemented this optional discipline, although chess has major impact on students’ personal development. Of these, 23 educational units (74.2%) are located in rural areas and only 8 educational units (25.8%) are in urban areas. It was observed that in only 18 counties (42.86% of the number of counties) there were pre-university education institutions where classes studied this optional discipline. It was found that 28 classes of middle school, 21 classes of primary and 4 classes of high school studied this optional subject. We believe that the small number of educational units in which the optional discipline "Education through chess" was implemented is determined by the lack of skills of specialists in physical education and sports regarding the teaching of chess, the discipline Theory and practice of chess being introduced in the curriculum of university education from 2019.

Food Safety of Non-Animal Products in Constanta County: Results of Official Inspections in The First Quarter of 2023

This research has focused on the official inspection carried out by public institutions in Romania in the first quarter of 2023, in order to check the compliance of food products of non-animal origin with the legislative requirements in force, respectively the compliance with the food products’ hygiene requirements in accordance with the provisions in force.

THE MANAGER PROFILE IN THE CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS. CASE STUDY – THE STUDENTS’ CULTURAL HOUSES FROM ROMANIA

The article focuses on several relevant directions for what the profile of the cultural institutions manager in the Romanian public domain represents, accentuating a specific type of public institution, meaning, the students’ houses of culture. The questionnaire was the method used to obtain the data concerning the manager’s activity and his role within the Romanian public cultural institution. The research survey consisted of a questionnaire made up of five questions, which was sent to all the managers of the cultural houses of the students in Romania and to some other managers of cultural institutions (theaters, museums, libraries, cultural departments). The answers received were summarized and ranked according to the most important areas of interest regarding management and the institutional role assumed by the cultural manager. The results of the questionnaires showed that the role of manager of a state cultural institution in Romania is challenging and full of contradictions and dilemmas. All respondents agreed that being a manager in a cultural institution requires knowing very well the target group(s) or the beneficiaries of the organized activities and having the necessary vision to satisfy exactly those cultural needs that they require. The main problem is that the human and material resources to satisfy these needs are often limited, so the manager is the one who must make correct and firm decisions regarding the distribution of these resources so that the proposed objectives turn into the expected results. Mainly, the measures for change and a productive management are: facilitating the attraction of income (own, subsidies, other types of financing) for the development of the activity of the students’ culture houses, including on the part of investments in the existing cultural heritage; increasing the number of employees, as well as their appropriate motivation in terms of salary (and/or other benefits); the creation of effective levers for closer collaboration between similar institutions in Romania; promoting the institution through professional marketing means; continuous adaptation of the institution’s actions to the current needs of students.

1821-2021. Bicentenarul Revoluției conduse de Tudor Vladimirescu

The volume 1821-2021. The Bicentennial of the Revolution led by Tudor Vladimirescu, coordinated by Sevastian Cercel and Georgeta Ghionea, brings together 22 papers signed by representatives of the academic and university environment which belong to some prestigious institutions in Romania (“C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor” Institute for Research in Social Studies and Humanities from Craiova, of the Romanian Academy, University of Craiova, University of Bucharest, “George Baritiu” Institute of History, of the Romanian Academy from Cluj-Napoca, “Ovidius” University from Constanța, Valahia University from Târgoviște). The volume is the result of the National Symposium dedicated to Vladimirescu (1821-2021. The Bicentennial of the Revolution led by Tudor Vladimirescu), initiated by the researchers from institute from Craiova, held on May 14-15, 2021. The volume is structured in three chapters and all the papers are subordinated to the maine topic.

Effects of IPSAS Adoption in Public Institutions in Romania on the Quality of Financial Reporting

This paper examines the practical improvement on the quality of financial reporting in the Romanian public institutions after implementing IPSAS. To test our hypothesis, we used a questionnaire addressed to the accounting professionals from the local public administration, in which 164 respondents participated. In this revision, we use a linear regression analysis method to examine the relationship between the implementation of IPSAS and the quality of financial reporting in the Romanian public institutions. The introduction of IPSAS, as demonstrated by empirical studies, is significantly positively related to the quality of financial reporting in the Romanian public institutions. The findings of this research recommend that regulators take appropriate measures to ensure compliance by those responsible for the preparation of financial statements of public sector entities. Efforts should also be made to improve the quality of disclosure of relevant financial reports to help users make beneficial economic decisions.

Characteristics of online communication in Public Administration. Analysis of the online communication strategy for town halls in Olt county

Communication through Facebook can be an efficient way to inform the public about the activities and programs of public institutions in Romania. This type of communication can help increase visibility, as well as connect with the public and potential beneficiaries. This can help to build a deeper relationship between the public institution and the public. However, it must be taken into account that communication through Facebook also involves risks, such as content control and prevention of unauthorized use of information by third parties. That is why it is important to take appropriate measures to protect confidential data and information. One of the most important roles of communication through Facebook for public institutions in Romania is to provide a platform to inform the public about the activities and services offered by these institutions. Facebook also provides a platform to answer questions and concerns of the public, as well as to advertise products and services. It can also be used to build relationships with the public and to encourage their interaction and involvement in the respective activities. In conclusion, communication through Facebook can be used to make the public more aware of the activities and services offered by public institutions in Romania and can be a very useful tool to develop and strengthen the relationship with the public.

Effects of IPSAS Adoption in Public Institutions in Romania on the Quality of Financial Reporting

This paper examines the practical improvement on the quality of financial reporting in the Romanian public institutions after implementing IPSAS. To test our hypothesis, we used a questionnaire addressed to the accounting professionals from the local public administration, in which 164 respondents participated. In this revision, we use a linear regression analysis method to examine the relationship between the implementation of IPSAS and the quality of financial reporting in the Romanian public institutions. The introduction of IPSAS, as demonstrated by empirical studies, is significantly positively related to the quality of financial reporting in the Romanian public institutions. The findings of this research recommend that regulators take appropriate measures to ensure compliance by those responsible for the preparation of financial statements of public sector entities. Efforts should also be made to improve the quality of disclosure of relevant financial reports to help users make beneficial economic decisions.

The Financial-Accounting Audit in Pre-University Educational Institutions in Romania

The Financial-Accounting Audit in Pre-University Educational Institutions in Romania

Family-SEN School Collaboration and Its Importance in Guiding Educational and Health-Related Policies and Practices in the Hungarian Minority Community in Romania.

Special education practice allows for the educational principles of parental involvement, pointing to a common dialogue on health issues and general well-being. Special education professionals primarily empower the families of children with atypical development by relying on the organizational factors of individual support and services. The decision-making/partnering factors of the educational and general health processes, on the other hand, receive less attention. The present study aims to explore the place of the parent-school relationship within the framework of a special educational institution in Romania. Involving Hungarian special education teachers (N = 12) from Romania, we analyze the school involvement of the parents of students with special educational needs in Bihor County, Romania, concerning their children's academic achievement and well-being. The qualitative research data were recorded through semistructured interviews and were organized through deductive categorization, as well as being analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti. The results highlighted the essential elements of the parent-school relationship, e.g., communication practices, active inclusion programs, support services, and peer acceptance plans. We believe it is important to emphasize that, in the study, families frequently better understood their child's situation and health-related issues and advocated more effectively for the recognition of their rights. However, as an active player in everyday education, the teacher can better organize development activities for the child's specific needs and plan complex habilitation/rehabilitation. To sum up, a parent-educator team approach can result in more successful educational and health outcomes, as well as a more accepting social image in the cognitive, emotional, and social development fields.

From Bureaucracy to Digital Efficiency: AI Adoption in Romania’s Public Sector

Offering digital public services is a critical goal in the digitalization of public sector organizations. Particularly during the pandemic, when face-to-face services faced challenges due to lockdowns and public reluctance, institutions in Romania upgraded and extended their digital offerings. This article explores the journey from bureaucratic processes to embracing artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in the Romanian public sector. It examines the current state of AI adoption, challenges, opportunities, ethical considerations, and case studies. By analyzing successful implementations, we highlight how Romania is transitioning from traditional bureaucracy to digital efficiency through AI integration.