Institutional Restrictions Research Articles

Boundary Spanning and Isomorphism Interactions

This study explores the relationship between isomorphism, boundary-spanning, institutional restrictions, and procedural congruence. Using fuzzy (set-theoretic) logic and concepts of causal dependence, we aim to clarify the presence of isomorphism on firms designated as protected origins and boundary-spanning. Employing fuzzy (set-theoretic) logic, we analyse the interactions between isomorphism, institutional restrictions, procedural congruence, and boundary-spanning. By investigating causal dependencies, we uncover the underlying mechanisms shaping firms’ interactions within diverse contexts. Our study reveals that isomorphism interactions can be examined through causal (counterfactual) dependence, emphasising their significance. Furthermore, causal dependence can occur without explicit causation, indicating a transitive relationship involving interactions. Isomorphism can serve as a counterexample to causal dependence, maintaining a boundary interaction between contextual factors and institutional constraints. Additionally, causal dependence involving interactions may not necessarily constrain isomorphism, suggesting an intransitive relationship. Isomorphism may also present a facade of conformity when analysed through causal (counterfactual) dependence, highlighting the complexity of these interactions. This research contributes to the literature by examining the relationship between isomorphism and institutional constraints, providing original insights into boundary-spanning and isomorphism. Moreover, our study advances understanding of causal dependence in explaining firm interactions, with implications for international business.

The Perspective of Gender Equality in Francisca Senhorinha

Objective: To reflect on the approach and impact of Francisca Senhorinha's thought and work from a socio-historical perspective, relaunched in the current themes of ideology and gender issues, along with the empowerment at the time in terms of communication of the ideal and formation of women in her time, assessing how she influenced the feminist movement in 19th century Brazil and the impact of her contributions in the fight for the emancipation of women in a very challenging socio-political context. Theoretical Framework: The research is fundamentally centred on relevant studies and references on the author and the issues associated with the subject under study, with particular emphasis on research that the author inspired in the state, in the country and in the world. Thus contributing to a theoretical framework close to that associated with Bárbara Souto's work entitled "Senhora do seu destino: Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz e Josephina Alvares de Azevedo - projetos de emancipação feministas na imprensa brasileira (1873-1894)" (2013). Method: Narrative literature review, seeking to describe and discuss the current state of the research topic, particularly with regard to authors who consolidate and substantiate the author's perspective on which the research is centred. Results and Discussion: A theoretical-discursive approach based on a relational triad between concepts, authors and literary-communicational work in the press with implications (direct and indirect) in the evolutionary framework of the theme adopted in this research. Implications of the research: to constitute, this time and for the future, a set of findings and considerations that can help reflection on history and its makers, in certain subjects and themes of great value in contemporary discourse in the light of current concerns and the demands of modern society. Originality/Value: This study addresses, in a unique way, the originality of Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz's work, which lies mainly in her pioneering and multifaceted work as an educator, feminist and abolitionist at a time when women, especially black women, faced serious social and institutional restrictions. Her inspiring legacy empowers the areas that are central to a world that wants to be democratic and free, essentially aimed at protecting and promoting "Education for All", within a framework of values based on equality and fraternity between peoples, thus helping to build a fairer and more inclusive society.

FRICTIONAL SORTING: THE IMPACTS OF DUAL CONSTRAINTS ON MOBILITY AND HOUSING SUPPLY IN CHINA

AbstractUsing an equilibrium sorting model and microdata from China, we evaluate the impacts of dual constraints on mobility and housing supply on workers’ sorting behavior, quantifying the welfare and distributional consequences. Counterfactual simulations show that lowering migration costs associated with institutional restrictions and migrant‐specific amenities would increase welfare and reduce inequality by moving workers from inland to coastal regions in China. These impacts depend on the housing supply elasticity in coastal regions. Similarly, the impacts of relaxing housing supply restrictions depend on mobility constraints. Results highlight the policy complementarities between reducing the two kinds of frictions.

The Equity-Centered Participatory Compensation Model (EPCM): A Tutorial for This Emergent Methodology

A key component of equity-focused research is centering marginalized voices throughout the entire research process. To fully integrate community voice, fair and flexible compensation for community members’ participation is required. Relying on equity and community-based participatory research principles, the Equity-Centered Participatory Compensation Model (EPCM) offers one method to ensure that compensation rates prioritize the well-being, comfort, and agency of research participants. This tutorial provides instructions for the implementation of a 4-step process through which researchers can shape their compensation practices to match the individual needs of their participants. We provide examples from our own project regarding how we mapped the compensation model to our research activities and include a rubric of best practices for applying equity principles to compensation rates. We conclude with suggestions for navigating institutional restrictions when implementing this new methodology. We intend for this model to serve as a methodological framework for future researchers to help promote equitable fiscal relationships with community participants.

Restricciones institucionales en la demanda de trabajo calificado en Chavimochic

The study analyzes the effect of institutional restrictions on the demand for qualified labor in Chavimochic. Institutional constraints include: regulatory quality, political stability, control of corruption, Free Trade Agreements, transaction costs, income differences and the minimum living wage. The data on the demand for qualified labor are obtained from agro-export companies established in Chavimochic, in a longitudinal and transversal period between the years 2002 to 2017. Through the regression analysis of panel-type data, it is found that regulatory quality, political stability, control of corruption, Free Trade Agreements and transaction costs have a positive and significant effect on the demand for qualified labor. On the other hand, the difference in income and the minimum living wage has a negative and significant effect. In conclusion, institutional restrictions do have an effect on the demand for qualified labor in Chavimochic.

The Priorities of Women-led Businesses in the Economy of Kazakhstan: Gender Aspects in the Labor Market

In this article, the authors analyze the specifics of women’s entrepreneurship as a separate phenomenon that is gaining momentum in the modern world. Women are increasingly striving for self-realization and economic independence, and entrepreneurship is becoming one of the strategies for achieving these goals. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main characteristics of women’s labor in Kazakhstan. The gender statistical data describing the representation of women in the Kazakhstani labor market, the level of income of women and men, the number of women managers and women entrepreneurs, and regional specifics of labor serve as a methodological tool for realizing the goal. As an additional method of analysis it is proposed to consider the results of questionnaire survey of female students of economic specialties of higher education institutions of Kazakhstan, which showed the level of girls’ preparedness for entrepreneurship. The collected data demonstrate that Kazakhstani girls do not perceive the presence of gender inequality in both the labor market and business. They do not take into account the lack of equal starting opportunities, institutional restrictions on doing business, and gender stereotypes that limit the scale of female entrepreneurship in the country. It is especially important to note that the surveyed girls are ready to combine business activities and domestic labor. They believe that such a combination is quite organic and obligatory for Kazakhstani women, and family should be a higher priority than business. The article was made within the framework of the project: Grant No. AP14871920 Keywords: female entrepreneurs, pay inequality, female executives, second shift, income levels, motherhood.

Collaborative drug therapy modification (CDTM): Facilitators, barriers, and perceptions of individual pharmacist participation in Georgia

BackgroundGeorgia Board of Pharmacy (BOP) regulations permit pharmacists to engage in collaborative drug therapy modification (CDTM) with physicians, allowing them to perform patient assessments, adjust pharmacotherapy, and order laboratory tests. Pharmacist-led CDTM can positively affect health outcomes leading to reduced healthcare expenditures. CDTM is underutilized, with < 1% of Georgia pharmacists holding an active license to practice CDTM. Objective(s)The objective of this study was to examine CDTM licensed pharmacists’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers in providing CDTM. MethodsGeorgia-licensed CDTM pharmacists were invited to participate in a 60-minute qualitative interview. Interview questions were developed from electronic survey responses. The interview was designed to elicit information regarding perceived benefits and barriers to CDTM implementation. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, thematic analysis was applied to identify themes using ATLAS.ti software to code. Themes were described qualitatively and prevalence of each was reported. ResultsNine interviews were conducted, and data saturation was achieved at interview 6. After resolution of discrepancies, 100% coding agreement was reached among 2 independent researchers. Nine themes were identified, and each was categorized as a facilitator or barrier to establishing pharmacist-led CDTM in Georgia. Themes associated with facilitating were (prevalence %) (1) practice autonomy (100), (2) personal attributes (100), (3) having support (100), and (4) institutional logistics (88). Barrier themes included issues concerning (5) the Georgia BOP (100), (6) pharmacist autonomy (88), (7) lack of provider status (88), (8) institutional restrictions (75), and (9) personal development (e.g., confidence) (22). ConclusionFacilitators to the establishment of pharmacist-led CDTM exist and pharmacists can capitalize on these to create successful CDTM programs. Barriers are varied, and it may be difficult to systematically address individual barriers such as pharmacist autonomy and personal development. Barriers associated with institutional restrictions, the Georgia BOP, and lack of provider status can likely be removed or addressed by policy.

Credit networks and business dynamics in a viceregal capital: Santafé de Bogotá in the age of Charles III

This article provides aggregate data on credit flows in Santafé de Bogotá, the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (present-day Colombia, Ecuador and western Venezuela). By perusing a thorough report submitted to Bourbon authorities on notarial transactions, which included both ecclesiastical and non-ecclesiastical loans in the city, the article estimates the volume and size of lending activity while exploring how distinct types of credit interacted and shaped the business milieu of the region. It argues that by the late 1770s, Catholic Church lending had ceased to be the main source of investable funds in the region, with merchants and other non-ecclesiastical investors injecting growing funds into sectors traditionally avoided by ecclesiastical lenders such as commerce, mining and manufacturing. Network analysis suggests that merchants became brokers between different credit sources, alleviating information asymmetries and opening the credit market to borrowers with collateral and institutional restrictions willing to pay higher interest rates. Finally, by focusing on New Granada, the largest gold producer of the Spanish Empire, the article identifies some distinctive credit patterns that are different from those developed in silver-driven economies such as New Spain and Peru. Thus, the article provides new paths to study Latin American financial history.

사회적 포용 관점에서 고등평생교육 규범 고찰

UNESCO's Convention on Recognition of Qualifications has been enacted and implemented at the regional and global levels to enhance the recognition and availability of individual learners' learning experiences and to promote international mobility, transcending institutional restrictions related to higher education in individual countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the norms and applicability of social inclusion of the UNESCO Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications by utilizing the extended social inclusion integration model of Gidley(2010). To this end, the researcher analyzed the existing research on social inclusion, government documents and incidental documents discussed and agreed during the presentation process of the UNESCO Convention, and the provisions of the relevant documents and agreements of the UNESCO Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications as a qualitative document analysis method. In this study, the results of the study were derived based on three categories and components of “equitable access”, “engaged participation”, and “empowered success”, which are the core values of expanded social inclusion in the field of higher (lifelong) education proposed by Gidley(2010).

ПРОТЕКЦІОНІЗМ ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТА РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДУВАННЯ ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ

Розглянуто тарифну політику щодо імпорту, яку було запроваджено у Великій Британії з початком Першої світової війни і яка діяла протягом близько 60 років. Спираючись на історичні факти і цифри, обґрунтовано на прикладі автомобільної індустрії, що так звані мита Маккенна в довгостроковій перспективі вплинули на зростання виробництва, зайнятості, надходжень до бюджету; обумовили зниження цін на внутрішньому ринку, скорочення імпорту і збільшення експорту, сприяли іноземним інвестиціям і трансферу передових технологій, ширшому залученню до бізнес-процесів місцевого потенціалу. Унаочнено, що запущені нині урядом Індії захисні мита для регулювання імпорту товарів, випуск яких визначено її урядом пріоритетом (зокрема, ідеться про виробництво електромобілів), є віддзеркаленням заходів, що реалізовувала Велика Британія на початку ХХ ст. Наголошено, що захисні тарифи на ці товари в Україні є суттєво нижчими. Показано, що США в цілях національної безпеки також використовують імпортні мита.Беручи до уваги положення ГАТТ/СОТ і Угоди про асоціацію з ЄС, а також сучасні приклади їх застосування, цілком очевидно, що Україна в нинішніх умовах зовнішніх і внутрішніх викликів та інституційних обмежень може в період повоєнного відновлення скористатися перевагами політики протекціонізму для розвитку індустрії, базуючись на своєму праві визначати «найважливіші винятки з міркувань безпеки» задля забезпечення соціально-економічної та фінансової стабільності країни і добробуту нації. З огляду на це, необхідно переосмислити поточну політику України щодо автомобілебудування, зокрема в частині зовнішньоторговельного регулювання, і сформувати нову політику, яка спиратиметься на положення теорії ефективного протекціонізму і розрахунки ефективної ставки захисту, оцінки поточного стану і перспектив підприємств, результати фахової дискусії щодо пріоритетів галузі: чи вона має залишатися на стадії великовузлового складання, чи націлитися на повноциклове виробництво з високим рівнем локалізації.

Нерегламентированная реплика как жанр парламентской речи (на материале русского парламентского дискурса начала XX века)

The article deals with the remark as a special genre of Russian parliamentary speech. The author analyses various approaches to parliamentary genres. Parliamentary discourse is viewed as institutional, having a dynamic genre structure. The research studies the institutional restrictions imposed on statements in the form of a remark. There is a conclusion about the role of procedural regulation in the formation of a system of discourse genres and the possibility to distinguish unregulated and regulated remarks. The State Duma discussions of the early twentieth century are a basis of the research which focuses on unrestricted remarks from the hall and their genre status. Parliamentary remarks are classified according to the communicative aspect. The article presents the results of the analysis of more than 200 statements by members of the State Duma from the hall, recorded in official transcripts. Three types of remarks are singled out: an interrogative remark, a replying remark and an imperative remark. The conclusion is made about the provocative nature of the remark as a parliamentary genre. The functional features of two types of remarks are distinguished: a regulated remark is conventional and dialogic; an unregulated remark is aggressive and provocative. The main features of an unregulated remark are non-normativeness in terms of procedural regulations, super-briefness (one phrase), reactivity, expressiveness, evaluativeness and provocativeness.

Utilization of Teleconsent for Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Clinical Trials, a Report from the Children's Oncology Group.

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, ages 15-39 years) are underrepresented in oncology clinical trials. Reasons for this include accessibility of the trial and whether the trial is presented to AYAs. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic not only amplified these enrollment challenges but also presented opportunities for improving the enrollment process through virtual methods such as electronic informed consent and teleconsent. While AYAs are well positioned to take advantage of these opportunities, the extent to which institutions utilize remote enrollment processes is unclear. The goal of this study was to identify the utilization of and barriers to using teleconsent for AYA oncology clinical trials. Methods: The Children's Oncology Group (COG) AYA Responsible Investigator (RI) Network Teleconsent Working Group sought to understand teleconsent utilization both before and during the pandemic. The working group developed an online survey distributed via email to COG AYA RI Network members (n = 197). Results: The survey received 49 responses (25%) from 40 different institutions. Before the pandemic, 13% of respondents reported that their institution allowed study enrollment via teleconsent. After the pandemic, 23% reported using teleconsent for clinical trial enrollment and 38% reported changes in institutional Review Board policies and procedures allowing teleconsent. Respondents reported that the greatest benefit of teleconsent was patient convenience and the greatest barrier was institutional restrictions on teleconsent utilization. Respondents reported that sharing institutional guidelines would be the most helpful intervention to improve teleconsent adoption. Conclusion: Teleconsent is a promising but underutilized approach. Institutions should work together to address common challenges to accessibility and acceptance of clinical trials by AYA cancer patients.

Ecosystem Structure and Institutional Restrictions: A Study of Zero Waste Certificate Adoption

Ecosystem Structure and Institutional Restrictions: A Study of Zero Waste Certificate Adoption

Активизация Анкары на Западных Балканах (Подходы, инструменты, составляющие)

In recent years, Turkey has increasingly moved away from the affiliation with the powers of the transatlantic bloc and seeks to play its own game. There are several reasons why Ankara has a special interest in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo): historical, socio-cultural, religious and geographical proximity; the absence of strict institutional restrictions due to the stalling of the process of the inclusion of the Western Balkans into the EU; the complex history of the relations between Turkey itself and Brussels, as well as Turkey’s political ambitions and claims for regional leadership. All these factors increase the chances of the Republic of Turkey to gain a foothold in the Balkans as a serious player. The fact that the region is formally outside the EU expands the opportunities for political maneuvering both for Ankara and for the Western Balkan capitals. The article focuses on four analytical blocks: the evolution of Turkey’s foreign policy strategy; its integration proposals for the countries in the region as an attempt to replace Brussels’ initiatives; ethno-religious and migration components of the Turkish influence; tools of socio-cultural penetration. The analysis carried out by the authors shows that, despite Turkey’s well-thoughtout strategy, the resources involved, the political will and perseverance, in the medium term the country is unlikely to become an alternative to the EU for the Western Balkan countries, or even an influential economic player in the region. Ankara will have to continue to weight its goals against the actions of the geopolitical grandees. At the same time, since the struggle for influence in southern Europe is only going to intensify in the face of the deepening international conflict, the corridor of opportunities for Ankara remains open.

Биржевой товар в системе объектов гражданских прав

The possibility of a product to become exchange traded, the conditions for admitting goods to trading and the special procedure for concluding contracts at organized auctions act as an institutional restriction on exchange trading and predetermine the fact that not every product is able to be recognized as stock exchange goods. Exchange goods should not meet generic characteristics, but be interchangeable and admitted by the exchange to organized trading. The exchange may determine additional conditions for goods, according to the criteria for compliance with the requirements established by the exchange for the price, lotion and liquidity of goods, the rhythm of deliveries, packaging and containers, storage conditions for goods. This forces both the seller and the buyer to accept them unconditionally. The ability of a product to become exchange traded is determined by its nature, ability to resell repeatedly, the presence of seasonality in the production or consumption of goods and the criticality of this factor for exchange trading, logistical features and the possibility of planning production and sales volumes.

Биржевые торги как фактор формирования конкурентной среды на товарном рынке

Bidding is a competitive way of choosing a counterparty and one of the factors in the formation of a competitive environment. Organized auctions presuppose the presence of a specialized intermediary, and their conduct is conditioned by a number of organizational conditions. The conditions for the admission of goods to trading and the special procedure for concluding contracts at organized auctions act as an institutional restriction of exchange trading and predetermine the fact that not every product is able to be sold on the exchange (recognized as an exchange commodity). Exchange trading pursues the goal of organizing trading activities and, as a secondary effect, forms stock prices (stock quotes, stock indices). The obligation of the seller (manufacturer) to sell part of the goods on the stock exchange (the mechanism of administrative compulsion to sell goods on the stock exchange) is aimed at forming national market price indicators for key groups of goods for regulatory purposes, and not the development of competition as such.

The Europeanisation of gender equality at the municipal level: insights from the Republic of Cyprus

ABSTRACT The Republic of Cyprus is a small EU member state, whose domestic structures replicate a durable tradition of centralisation, limiting the overall role of local government. This work employs the vertical research dimension of top-down Europeanisation to investigate the influence of European Integration vis-à-vis the promotion of gender equality at the municipal level. It adopts a local government comparative viewpoint to analyse the adoption of the European Charter for Equality of Women and Men in Local Life by the Cypriot Municipalities (2011–present). This work utilises specific analytical frameworks (Europeanisation and Historical Institutionalism) to provide a theoretically and empirically informed analysis based on empirical data resulting from three field studies (2013, 2019 and 2021) and respective electoral data. Our research results suggest that the effects of Europeanisation, in terms of promoting gender equality, have been limited due to long-lasting formal and informal institutional restrictions.

Home Country Institutions and Legitimacy on Chinese High-Tech MNEs’ Entry Mode Choices: A Conceptual Framework

The institutional factors of the home country play an increasingly important role in the process of the rise of MNEs in developing countries. A Through studies in literature, this paper finds that domestic institutional support and institutional restrictions can effect the entry mode of Chinese high-tech enterprises into the target country's market, and the legitimacy of enterprises in the target country plays an intermediary role between the two. The hypothesized effect of variables and entry mode choice of Chinese high-tech MNEs needs to be tested in future research based on survey data drawn from official sources and questionnaires. This study expanded the theoretical tools that determine the decisions of the FDI entry mode.

Abortion providers in the United States: expanding beyond obstetrics and gynecology

In the years preceding the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) decision, there had been a shift in the demographics of abortion providers. Although most abortion providers were obstetricians-gynecologists, there had been a rapid increase in the number of internal medicine and family medicine physicians and advanced practice clinicians providing abortion care. As discourse about limiting abortion access has gained volume over the past few years, so have the number of legislative restrictions aimed at preventing people from seeking abortions. Among these are laws and policies targeted at reducing the number of providers and clinics providing abortion care, resulting in an absence of training, high case volume, and institutional restrictions. With the overturning of Roe v Wade, the landscape of abortion provision will continue to shift further. Action needs to be taken to expand the types of providers getting trained and providing abortions to ensure access for those seeking abortions.

Adaptation in the New Normal: Middle-Aged Teaching Employees’ Experiences in a Philippine State-Funded University

The paper used a phenomenological approach to explore adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of middle-aged teaching employees at a state-funded university in Dapitan City, Philippines. Their experiences were categorized into three themes, the new normal, challenges in the new normal, and adaptation. The new normal is described as the combination of old and new technology; the adoption of new instructional modalities; the limitation of school activities; and a new form of work environment. The employees also faced challenges such as limitation in knowledge and access to educational technology, disengaged students, physical and mental limitations due to age, poor internet connectivity, students’ academic dishonesty, travel and institutional restriction, financial incapacity, difficulty and misperformed tasks, and an abrupt transitioning process. Conversely, adaptation is described as technological preparation, extended support, time extension, change of activities, new instructional modalities, course leniency, acceptance of reality, reaching out, and learning. Their experiences revealed that adaptation to the new normal did not come smoothly among middle-aged teaching employees since personal and institutional factors were considered. Though age matters in their adaptation, it did not hinder them from moving forward and becoming active individuals in the teaching-learning process. Further, it is recommended that higher education institutions create a specialized or more age-appropriate training program for middle-aged teaching employees in cases where disruptions occur.