Institutional Regulations Research Articles

Long-run consequences of informal elderly care and implications of public long-term care insurance

We estimate a dynamic structural model of labor supply, retirement, and informal caregiving to study short and long-term costs of informal caregiving in Germany. Incorporating labor market frictions and the German tax and benefit system, we find that in the absence of Germany’s public long-term insurance scheme, informal elderly care has adverse and persistent effects on labor market outcomes and, thus, negatively affects lifetime earnings and future pension benefits. These consequences of caregiving are heterogeneous and depend on age, previous earnings, and institutional regulations. Policy simulations suggest that while public long-term care insurance policies are fiscally costly and induce negative labor market effects, they can largely offset the personal costs of caregiving and increase welfare, especially for low-income individuals.

ROLE OF MODERATION OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS OF THE GOVERNMENT TO STRENGTHEN THE IMPACT OF REGULATIONS ON THE SECURITY OF GOVERNMENT'S WORK AND SERVICES (LKPPS) TO THE ACCOUNTABILITY OF GOODS AND SERVICES (STUDY AT THE PROCUREMENT OFFICE OF BANTEN PROVINCE)

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of regulations on the accountability of goods and services procurement at the Goods and Services Procurement Bureau in Banten Province and to find out whether the Government's Internal Control System can moderate regulations on the accountability of goods and services procurement at the Goods and Services Procurement Bureau in Banten Province. The analytical method used in this research is a quantitative method. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a total of 60 respondents. Data analysis in this research uses Partial Least Square analysis via SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of statistical tests show that there is a positive and significant influence of Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy Institution Regulations on accountability, the Government Internal Control System can moderate and significant influence of Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy Institution regulations on accountability.

Expectations and concerns regarding medical advertisements via large commercial medical platform advertising companies: a legal perspective

Advertising in the medical and legal fields, which are among Korea's leading professions, has increasingly utilized major advertising platforms such as LawTalk and UNNI—two of the most prominent and contentious platforms in their respective fields. While it is generally unproblematic for professionals like lawyers and doctors to promote public interest through advertising on these commercial platforms, the creation of a profit-driven structure has the potential to undermine their professional ecosystems. This article explores the issues associated with advertising in the medical field through large commercial platforms, drawing on notable examples from the legal and medical fields in Korea. Specifically, we analyze two of the most popular yet controversial platforms in these sectors, LawTalk and UNNI. In Korea, the format and method of advertising are legal as long as they do not involve referring or soliciting clients, thereby making platform advertising lawful when used solely for that purpose. Nevertheless, it is crucial to prevent medical advertising platforms from establishing market monopolies by skirting various profit regulations and laws. In response to these concerns, the Korean Bar Association has prohibited all advertisements by platform companies. The medical community should closely examine the rationale and process behind this decision. Given the significant social influence of large corporate platforms and the unique social responsibilities of the medical and legal professions, future platform advertising should be subject to distinct legal and institutional regulations that differ from those applied to general services.

Reimagining Legal AID Institution Regulation to Enhance Legal Certainty

Purpose: This research aims to examine the regulations governing the establishment of Legal Aid Institutions (LAIs/LAOs) in Indonesia, with a focus on achieving necessary legal clarity to ensure their effective functioning. Method: This research employs a prescriptive research method, involving the description of primary and secondary data findings related to the regulations governing LAIs/LAOs establishment in Indonesia. The data are processed and analyzed to derive insights into the current legal framework. Result and Discussion: The findings indicate that the existing regulations concerning the establishment of LAIs/LAOs in Indonesia lack clarity, particularly regarding the legal entity status utilized. While foundation status predominates, its alignment with Indonesian legal principles requires further consistency. Therefore, this research underscores the need for more transparent and comprehensive reformulation of these regulations. Implication of the Research: Reforming the regulations governing the establishment of LAIs/LAOs holds significant implications for improving their efficiency and effectiveness. Such reforms can enhance access to justice, protect human rights, and ensure the proper functioning of LAIs/LAOs, thereby contributing to greater legal certainty and benefiting Indonesians in need of legal aid. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the regulatory framework surrounding the establishment of LAIs/LAOs in Indonesia. By highlighting the need for reform and recommending clearer regulations, this study offers practical guidance for policymakers and stakeholders involved in legal aid provision, ultimately advancing the efficacy of legal aid services in Indonesia.

The social and political bases of political economy: interpreting and periodising Italian developments since WWII

ABSTRACT We investigate the transition between Fordism and neoliberalism in Italy employing insights from International (IPE) and Comparative Political Economy (CPE). Transitions are key periods to observe how countries tend to converge towards similar political economy developments through processes of social, political and institutional adaptation. We contribute to the literature by detailing how transformations in the ‘social and political bases of political economy’ influence institutional change. We understand these transformations as movements from below (changes in sociodemographic and productive compositions, and social movements) and above (agency in political parties, trade unions, business associations and elites); we name these components ‘the social and productive composition’ and ‘the social and political representation sphere’ respectively. Employing process tracing, we identify three historical periods in post-WWII Italian political economy – state Fordism (1945–78), a transitional period we name ‘the long 1980s’ (1979–91), and neoliberalism (1992–) – delineated by two historical ruptures: a breakup moment in 1978–9 that signalled the decline of Fordism, and a critical juncture that ushered in neoliberalism in 1992. Analytically, changes within the social and productive composition during state Fordism impacted on the social and political representation sphere, and on several reforms undertaken in different institutional domains. However, since the breakup moment 1978–9 this dynamic changed together with the international political economy context. Similar to other western countries, the main actors within the social and political representation sphere increasingly approached institutional regulation inspired by neoliberal ideas, while the pressures coming from the more active forces within the social and productive composition faltered.

Institutional Regulation of the CIS Observer Mission in Election Campaigns and Coverage of Its Activities in the Media

This study is aimed at studying the institutional, organizational and legal problems of interaction between the media and international observers during elections and referendums in the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The issue of countering foreign interference in the electoral process was not considered in the work.Aim. Eliminate methodological problems in defining the content of the term “international observation”, and proving the need to institutionalize the process of covering the activities of international observers in the media.Tasks. Identify the necessary areas of media activity when covering the activities of international observers during elections and referendums.Methods. The state of the modern election monitoring environment indicates the existence of a fine line between the need to ensure openness of electoral processes and the inadmissibility of interference in the internal affairs of states. It is necessary to identify restrictive thresholds for the activities of the media when covering the processes of international observation of elections and referendums and their institutionalization in relevant advisory documents based on the presumed impartiality of both international observers and the media.Results. The study showed that the most important task of the process of legitimizing the electoral process is to ensure its full coverage of the activities of all its subjects in the media. International monitoring media coverage should cover a wide range of issues throughout the entire electoral process from start to finish, including; activities of observers during the official election campaign before the start of voting; on election day and during the vote counting process; in the period after the elections from the moment the official results are announced until the formation of new authorities. At the same time, at all stages, coverage should cover a wide range of issues of the essence of the electoral process and its management; legal regulation of elections and referendums and existing institutional structures to support the process.Conclusions. Media coverage of the activities of international observers should be considered not only as one of the most important modes of political communication, but also as a means of countering selective absenteeism. Objective and impartial coverage of the activities of international observers in the media can undoubtedly contribute to both the internal political mobilization of the population and the international recognition of the state.

Corporate culture: institutional regulation and practical implementation experience

The article presents a theoretical analysis of the sociological discourse on corporate culture. The role of corporate culture in the practical activities of the enterprise and its institutional features are discussed. The subject of the study is corporate culture, in particular, the specifics of the use of the term and the components of corporate culture are clarified. It is shown that culture is based on a value component, the development of which in the context of the company should form the value of work and the value of belonging to one's company, which, in turn, should be congruent with the company's strategy and development goals. The article reveals the differences between a developed corporate culture, such as educating and motivating employees to perceive work in the company as a way of life, ensuring staff commitment to the ideas and values of the organization. The article used a theoretical review of scientific literature in the field of sociology of culture and personnel management. The novelty of the research is the translation of the experience of a medical organization (Mayo clinic), which has a highly developed corporate culture based on the ideas of customer orientation, as well as the identification of the principles of its work and the features of building a culture. The importance of compatibility of corporate culture and strategy is also emphasized. It is noted that at the material level, corporate culture can be observed through visible signs (branded clothing, corporate symbols, organizational ceremonies and attributes, work environment, etc.), and at the level of spiritual culture – values and norms that define and regulate the behavior of employees in the company. At the same time, values closely related to visual samples reflect the internal philosophy of the company. It is emphasized that norms, patterns of corporate behavior, through corporate culture are tools for personnel management, and corporate culture acts as an institutional management tool. The article concludes that it is necessary to purposefully form and develop a corporate culture in the process of which the primary should be the creation of a value component related to the company's development strategy.

Possible Myths of the Regulation of Medical Institutions in Taiwan

Possible Myths of the Regulation of Medical Institutions in Taiwan

Protocol for an independent patient data meta-analysis of prophylactic mesh placement for incisional hernia prevention after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: a collaborative European Hernia Society project (I-PREVENT-AAA)

IntroductionIncisional hernia (IH) is a prevalent and potentially dangerous complication of abdominal surgery, especially in high-risk groups. Mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall has been studied as a potential intervention...

임대주택의 공급 주체 ‧ 방식별 주택시장 안정화 효과 비교 분석

This study conducted a panel analysis to examine the impact of rental housing supply by type (public/private, built/purchased) on housing market price stabilization at the level of metropolitan city and province level. This study used data from the National Survey of House Price Trends (Korea Real Estate Board) and MOLIT Statistics System (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport) for the period 2013–2021. The main findings of the analysis are as follows. In terms of a provider, publicly rented housings contribute more to price stabilization than privately rented, and in terms of a supply method, purchased-rented housings are better in price stabilization than constructed-rented housings. In terms of renting types, price stabilization effect is strongest in public purchase followed by public construction and private purchase. However, private construction is more likely to drive up prices. This suggests that rather than focusing solely on increasing inventory, rental housing supply policies should include both legal and institutional support and regulation.

Institutional Regulation of the Development of Urban Agglomerations in the Regions of Russia

The formation of urban agglomerations is a key priority in Russia's spatial development agenda. However, the scientific literature primarily focuses on the largest urban agglomerations, neglecting those with populations of less than 500 thousand people. This article aims to analyze the features and challenges of the institutional regulation of second-tier Russian urban agglomerations, such as Vologda, Arkhangelsk, Tambov, Kaluga, Norilsk, Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk, and Yuzhno- Sakhalinsk. It has been observed that the legal status of urban agglomerations at the federal level is not clearly defined. Moreover, some regional strategic planning documents fail to address the intensification of agglomeration processes, focusing solely on larger urban areas. Inconsistencies within regions in terms of the number, composition, and configuration of urban agglomerations have been identified, such as in KhMAO-Yugra and the Vologda region. The lack of coordination among municipal strategies and regional planning documents, as seen in Arkhangelsk, Norilsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, and Vologda, is also a pressing issue. The article suggests that both a "top-down" approach, led by government authorities as in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, and a "bottom-up" approach, involving active local authorities and business structures as in Surgut, can be utilized to support the development of second-tier urban agglomerations. The findings of this study could be beneficial for state authorities and local self-governments seeking to enhance policies for urban agglomeration development in Russia.

საბანკო რეგულირების ტრანსფორმაციაზე მოქმედი ფაქტორები და აუცილებლობა თანამედროვე პირობებში

The question of what factors influence the processes of transformation of banking regulation, as well as the need to transform banking regulation in modern conditions, has been little studied to date. There are two opposing views about the nature of the relationship between regulators and the banking sector: one is that regulators are dependent on the banking sector and that banks can influence the decisions made by the regulator. In the second case, regulators use the banking system to achieve their own goals. The factors influencing the transformation of banking regulation are analyzed, the need for transformation of banking regulation is substantiated and the need to strengthen the differentiation of regulatory regulation of banking institutions based on various indicators of their activities and the degree of risk is proposed. Summarizing the main provisions, it should be noted that the analysis of theories confirming the need for the development of banking regulation made it possible to reveal the content and systematize the main factors that have the most significant impact on transformation processes, and highlight the significance of the transformation of banking regulation.

Valuable aspects of digital boons as objects of civil rights of a person

This paper reflects the results of studying the legal nature of digital things and virtual assets as objects of civil rights/ legal relations through the prism of their value component. The aim of the study is to determine the factors (specifically, properties together with characteristics of digital things) that impact the value of these phenomena, thus, enabling their probability to be objects of civil rights/legal relations.
 The methodological basis of scientific research constitutes the dialectical method of cognition, the application of which made it possible to analyze modern and historical approaches to defining institutions of a digital thing as well as a virtual asset, their legal nature and features. The formal-logical method has been used in order to analyze the norms of legislation that form the legal basis for comprehensive regulation of relevant relations. The method of analysis and synthesis has been applied while studying the practical manifestation of relations to ensure the turnover of digital things along with virtual assets. The comparative-legal method has been used for a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of institutions of digital things together with virtual assets in the latest legislation of the European Union and Ukraine. The logical-legal method has been applied so as to formulate the main conclusions in accordance with the aim of the specified study.
 The result of the study has been the determination of relevant properties of digital assets as well as virtual ones, which define the value component of the above objects. It has been concluded that neither value nor functionality significantly affect the value of the mentioned phenomena. Specific features along with properties inherent only to these objects come to the fore, to illustrate, adaptability, security of transactions, decentralization, pseudonymity, in addition to availability. Regardless of the fact that the specified properties are basic for comprehanding the nature of digital things and virtual assets, they are subject to significant external influence. In particular, the importance of decentralization together with pseudonymity is levelled due to the rapid and powerful development of legal regulation, aimed at a fairly high level of restrictions as well as regulations. At the same time, the prevalence of the turnover of the above mentioned objects is unlikely to slow down due to exceptional advantages, ensuring a significantly more prompt and accessible satisfaction of market participants’ relevant needs.

A Comparative Analysis on Islamic Bank Performance and Efficiency Risk: Pre and Post IFSA 2013

It is recognized that performance of the banking industry has an impact to the economic growth of a developed economies. The performance of the bank may impact the growth of the economy, as profits may shape the customers’ decision on investments and savings. Regulation affecting the design of banking governance structure; hence, it plays a vital role in determination of banking industry performance. IFSA 2013 was established to promote financial stability and compliance to Shariah and further strengthen the regulation of Islamic financial institutions. This paper aims to examine whether IFSA 2013, bank’s risk-taking behavior and efficiency will enhance or impede performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia.

ADVANCING KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY THROUGH EDUCATION AND RESEARCH SKILLS

The knowledge economy is a system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital. Specifically, this refers to the ability to capitalize on scientific discoveries and applied research including research studies at the university. To develop a successful post-graduate program in research needs a robust and sustainable research environment. A guideline named "Best Practices for PhD Training" was produced by the Organization for PhD Education in Health Sciences in the European System, a European platform to promote best practices in PhD education in health sciences. The extensive advice and suggestions made in the guidelines apply to all aspects of PhD and research programs, of which supervision is a crucial part. The success of a thesis depends on a productive supervisor-student relationship built on respect, accountability, and engagement. Active researchers who obtain training to hone their overseeing abilities should serve as supervisors. They act as both scientific and moral role models in academic life. The employment of a second supervisor in addition to the primary one is strongly advised to boost monitoring student development more effectively and to prevent interpersonal disputes. The obligations of the supervisor should be outlined in institutional regulations. The task could be more clearly defined and may serve as a beginning point in a contract created by the institution and signed by the supervisor and the student. Grievance methods must be plain and obvious in the event of a conflict. Students' professional development should be supported by their supervisors, who should also help them become autonomous researchers. Quite a number of surveys revealed considerable dissatisfaction among students with their supervisors. There is a great deal of strain due to performance pressure on both students and supervisors. Students worry about their future employment opportunities. These stress spots should be taken into account by institutional regulations to improve the welfare of both professors and students. Small-group instruction and learning have become increasingly popular in medical school as a tool to assist research students with their studies and promote deep learning. Postgraduate learners can exercise their higher-order thinking and cognitive abilities by researching the problems with undergraduate medical student supervision. Thus, encourages self-motivation while as a postgraduate researcher and fosters adult learning, accepting responsibility for one's own development, and adult learning.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Revitalising The Regulation of Zakat Institutions in Indonesia to Achieve Economic Justice

This research aims to provide a solution to the dual function problem of BAZNAS. The problem required the regulatory aspect improvement. Indentifiying national business governance issues, improving the regulation of Law No. 23/2011 on zakat management is crucial. The separation of the two functions of BAZNAS will also reduce the risk of misuse of zakat funds which can be significantly reduced, an independent regulator can conduct monitoring and auditing more effectively. This research uses qualitative method or conceptual review of secondary data through literature study approach. The purpose of the research is to help identify, analyze, and overcome problems and challenges faced in society. The results of the study to achieve economic justice through zakat, the BAZNAS institution needs to separate its function as implementer. To achieve economic justice through zakat, BAZNAS needs to separate its functions as implementer. This separation of functions for BAZNAS will also reduce the risk of misuse of zakat funds which can be reduced significantly. Meanwhile, regulations regarding zakat can be more optimally carried out by the Ministry of Religion independently in monitoring and auditing more effectively, thereby reducing the potential for abuse by implementers.

Axiological Approach in Implementing Basic Training for Civil Servant Candidates, Curriculum for State Administration Institution Regulations Number 1 of 2021

In the study of philosophy, the term axiology is usually defined as a field (philosophy) that investigates values, including the purpose of obtaining knowledge. CPNS Basic Training is a process of instilling good values ​​and adapting these values to become a character that civil servants or state civil servants should have. The values taught are contained in the Learning Agenda which consists of nationalism values in Agenda I, Moral values (Service Oriented, Accountable, Competent, Harmonious, Loyal, Adaptive, Collaborative) in Agenda II, cultural and ethical values using digital media in Agenda III. This research was conducted to determine the training implemented so that CPNS are able to behave and act professionally in managing the challenges and problems of socio-cultural diversity using a whole of government or one government perspective which is based on the basic values ​​of Civil Servants based on their position and role in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) in every implementation of his/her duties as a public servant as a concrete manifestation of defending the country as a Civil Servant.

Digital finance and corporate green investment: A perspective from institutional investors and environmental regulations

Corporate green investment is a new possibility that may overcome environmental challenges and other economic concerns. The excessive use of industrial gases and chemicals concerns all authorities. Conversely, the traditional economy has rapidly transformed into a digital economy, particularly in China. The digital financing system in China edifies a new face of the industry and economy that stimulates company social action. This study unfolds the three critical aspects of digital finance that pertain to corporate green investments in highly polluting companies. After a series of econometric tests, the research demonstrated how companies can be persuaded to make green investments using digital financing. It emphasised how institutional investors support corporate green investments and act as moderators to strengthen the relationship between digital finance and corporate green investment. Furthermore, it unveiled the critical function of environmental regulations for green investment improvement and the reason for positivity among digital financing and company green investment. With the heterogeneity test, the study segregated state-owned and non-state-owned firms. It discovered that state-owned businesses use the digital finance function more than non-state-owned businesses. This weak connection can be vital for non-state-owned firms through institutional investors and environmental regulations as moderators. Therefore, a fresh viewpoint in the digital age can encourage policymakers to improve corporate social action and promote a green economy.

The regulation of families with children in apartments

Condominium housing is now ubiquitous in contemporary cities globally. For residents, the success of compact cities depends on built environment quality, social relationships within buildings, and broader social norms. This includes how private and shared apartment spaces are navigated, regulated, and controlled. This article focuses on the experiences of families with children who comprise a growing cohort of apartment residents. We build on existing research that documents families’ experiences of poor design, to recognize the role regulation plays in shaping a sense of home. We theorize regulation at three levels: (1) social regulation as interactions between individuals who influence each other’s behaviour; (2) self-regulated behaviours; and (3) institutional regulation through rules and laws. Utilizing narratives of parents raising children in apartments in Sydney, Australia, we argue social norms, neighbourly interactions, and by-laws interact to enforce codes of behaviour that impinge upon family life. Our insights have important implications for the wellbeing and inclusion of families within compact city agendas.

Establishment of the administrative expulsion as an element of the State's migration policy

The article examines the issues of formation and legal regulation of the institution of administrative expulsion in the domestic legal system, as well as special institutions – temporary detention centers for foreign citizens of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. These institutions are, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and possessing administrative legal personality, specialized regime law enforcement agencies established in order to comply with legal requirements in terms of: implementing the execution of administrative expulsion from the country, deportation or readmission, as well as isolation from society of immigrants subject to forced expulsion from the Russian Federation, deportation or readmission. The socio-economic and political changes that took place during the time period under consideration had an impact on the development of the democratization of society, manifested in respect and observance of human rights and freedoms in modern Russia, and led to the formation of legal norms governing the organization and activities of special institutions. The analysis of legislative acts related to the legal regulation of administrative expulsion and special institutions was carried out, statistical data for 2022 were analyzed. The authors identify the current problems that arise in the activities of Temporary Detention Centers for foreign citizens, related both to imperfect interaction with other government agencies (FSSP), and personnel issues, and logistical support. In connection with the identified problems, the authors propose certain proposals for improving the activities of temporary Detention Centers for foreign citizens. In particular, it is proposed to increase the number of personnel; reduce or not involve civilians at all in the protection of temporary Detention Centers for foreign citizens; differentiate the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Federal Bailiff Service so that this service is actually engaged in expulsion and deportation, that is, escorted foreign citizens from temporary Detention Centers for foreign citizens to places of official expulsion.