Participation Of Institutions Research Articles

Can Biodiversity Data Scientists Document Volunteer and Professional Collaborations and Contributions in the Biodiversity Data Enterprise?

The collection, archiving and use of biodiversity data depend on a network of pipelines herein called the Biodiversity Data Enterprise (BDE) and best understood globally through the work of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Efforts to sustain and grow the BDE require information about the data pipeline and the infrastructure that supports it. A host of metrics from GBIF, including institutional participation (member countries, institutional contributors, data publishers), biodiversity coverage (occurrence records, species, geographic extent, data sets) and data usage (records downloaded, published papers using the data) (Miller 2021), document the rapid growth and successes of the BDE (GBIF Secretariat 2022). Heberling et al. (2021) make a convincing case that the data integration process is working. The Biodiversity Information Standards' (TDWG) Basis of Record term provides information about the underlying infrastructure. It categorizes the kinds of processes*1 that teams undertake to capture biodiversity information and GBIF quantifies their contributions*2 (Table 1). Currently 83.4% of observations come from human observations, of which 63% are of birds. Museum preserved specimens account for 9.5% of records. In both cases, a combination of volunteers (who make observations, collect specimens, digitize specimens, transcribe specimen labels) and professionals work together to make records available. To better understand how the BDE is working, we suggest that it would be of value to know the number of contributions and contributors and their hours of engagement for each data set. This can help the community address questions such as, "How many volunteers do we need to document birds in a given area?" or "How much professional support is required to run a camera trap network?" For example, millions of observations were made by tens of thousands of observers in two recent BioBlitz events, one called Big Day, focusing on birds, sponsored by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and the other called the City Nature Challenge, addressing all taxa, sponsored jointly by the California Academy of Sciences and the Natural History Musuems of Los Angeles County (Table 2). In our presentation we will suggest approaches to deriving metrics that could be used to document the collaborations and contribution of volunteers and staff using examples from both Human Observation (eBird, iNaturalist) and Preserved Specimen (DigiVol, Notes from Nature) record types. The goal of the exercise is to start a conversation about how such metrics can further the development of the BDE.

The Roots of Engagement: Understanding Opposition and Support for Resource Extraction. By Moisés Arce, Michael S. Hendricks, and Marc S. Polizzi. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. 216p. $83.00 cloth. - The Politics of Extraction: Territorial Rights, Participatory Institutions, and Conflict in Latin America. By Maiah Jaskoski. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. 296p. $74.00 cloth.

The Roots of Engagement: Understanding Opposition and Support for Resource Extraction. By Moisés Arce, Michael S. Hendricks, and Marc S. Polizzi. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. 216p. $83.00 cloth. - The Politics of Extraction: Territorial Rights, Participatory Institutions, and Conflict in Latin America. By Maiah Jaskoski. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. 296p. $74.00 cloth.

Экосистема инновационных сред территории: дополнительное образование и предпринимательство

In the article, based on part of the conclusions of a qualitative study of the acceleration infrastructure of universities and the concept of social ecosystems, the hypothesis of the concept of innovative environments in the region is formulated. Starting from the organizational weakness of small and medium-sized businesses, the secondary nature of the acceleration infrastructure of universities, and its incorrect orientation to "entrepreneurship" with mandatory access to startups, the structural insufficiency of the innovation environment of the region is stated. The solution to this problem is supposed to be within the framework of the formation of the socio-technical infrastructure of the ecosystem of innovative environments that ensure the continuity of training, education, research and project activities, and the employment of students. Based on the idea of the role of organizational infrastructure in the functioning of socio-cultural communities or environments, as well as on the changes resulting from the "digital" nature of this infrastructure, the main features of the regional innovation ecosystem are conceptualized. It is an organizational and meaningful association of existing subjects of innovative activity, the core of which is the education system (school – college – university), around which a platform of "additional education" is formed with the participation of business and scientific institutions as the main "consumers" of graduates. The cell of the environment is a small working group of students under the mentorship of a teacher, which undergoes a variable design and research trajectory under the supervision of "consumers". The event part of the environment necessarily includes not only project and educational work directly but also a cultural and leisure component. The problem of using the results of research and development is supposed to be solved by either bringing groups into the space of existing business ecosystems (technoparks, etc.) or by using the institute of venture studios acting as operators of such sites. Such an ecosystem should be a universal educational space organized by a "package of services" and included in the "package of social services" of the territory, the variability of which is provided by the function of participating "consumers", as well as a combination of educational, research, cultural, and leisure programs. The testing of the provisions laid down was carried out in the spring and summer of 2023 during the competitive program of the Innovation Promotion Fund.

Pencegahan Perilaku Penyimpangan Anak Melalui Lembaga Layanan Perlindungan dan Pengembangan Anak di Pusat Pengembangan Anak (PPA) Anugerah Pakisan Kabupaten Temanggung

Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the moral principles of decency, both in terms of individual humanity and justification as a characteristic of social beings. Not only adults, children also currently show deviant behavior. The current speed of communication flow can foster children's curiosity and encourage them to try new things. The purpose of this study is to explain deviant behavior that often occurs in the environment around PPA and what factors influence children to carry out deviant behavior. In addition, this study aims to explain the efforts made by PPA in preventing deviant behavior in children. This research was carried out using sociological juridical research methods, the specifics of this research are descriptive. The research data was sourced from interviews. Data analysis using qualitative methods. The results of the study (1) factors that influence children to carry out deviant behavior are biological factors, psychological factors, and sociological factors, besides that there are factors from a bad environment, lack of attention from parents and influence from friends. (2) Efforts to overcome deviant behavior in children can be carried out with prevention efforts without punishment, such as the participation of community social institutions. PPA is a community social institution that in responding to children's deviant behavior is by providing infrastructure that accommodates children's creativity, improving children's mental health.

Explanatory variables of educational innovation: A model based on personality traits

Introduction. Innovation is a relevant concept in the field of education inasmuch as it refers to planned processes aimed at improving school organization, teachers’ professional development, student learning, and more. However, it is an element that is influenced by a wide variety of variables. Teachers’ personality traits are those elements that are capable of describing, explaining, and predicting their behaviour. Method. The objective of this study is to offer a statistical model that explains teaching innovation factors based on teachers’ personality factors. A survey was carried out with 1,040 Spanish teachers in basic education. They were given the Teaching Innovation Factors Questionnaire and the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire. Results. The multiple linear regression analysis resulted in significant models to predict Institutional Participation (R2 = .16), Psychopedagogical Openness (R2 = .18), and Didactic Planning (R2 = .11). The first of these factors can be predicted based on the following personality traits: self-reliance, liveliness, openness to change, affability, social boldness, and perfectionism. The regression model for the second factor consists of openness to change, affability, dominance, liveliness, self-reliance, and stability. The third factor can be predicted based on openness to change, sensitivity, perfectionism, rule-consciousness, dominance, social daring, liveliness, and vigilance. Discussion and Conclusion. In conclusion, some personality factors are part of models that can predict teaching innovation, especially the opening.

Modern Library Potential as Science Popularizer: Inquiry Results of SB RAS Scientists

The objective of the article is to present the results of a study of scientists’ attitude to communication between science and society by means of libraries. The working method of the study was an online questionnaire of academic specialists of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) research institutes. Data collection took place in early 2023. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, divided into four thematic blocks: 1) the main science popularizers in Russia (researchers’ opinion); 2) participation of SB RAS research institutes in communication with society and the most important directions of this activity; 3) attitude of scientists to necessity of interaction with society aimed at popularization of science; 4) attitude of scientists to libraries as science and society communication participants including science popularization. Basing on the data obtained, Siberian scientists appear to be, in general, positive about libraries as popularizers of domestic science and technology achievements. However, they consider scientists themselves and media the main actors in this field, as well as scientific societies, research and educational institutions, museums and professional science communicators. A number of respondents noted low attendance of libraries, their archaic and closed nature, and lack of sufficient competence of library specialists to promote science at a high level. Nevertheless, most of the researchers highly appreciated library as a full-fledged science and society communication participant. Many SB RAS scientists have experience of cooperation with libraries, such as, for example, reading popular science lectures and preparing exhibitions. The survey showed that researchers are not well aware of the activities and opportunities of modern libraries, therefore library institutions are invited to be active in building effective interaction with science and society.

Engineering educators’ professional learning for educational change in a PBL-base and cross-institutional programme in Africa: a Q-study

ABSTRACT This study explored engineering educators’ perspectives on their professional learning in a pedagogical development programme with the ultimate goal of achieving educational change in African countries through the adoption of PBL methodology. This study was based on a three-year-long programme organised by a Danish university through an Erasmus programme with the participation of diverse institutions across Africa. Q methodology was adopted with 40 participants to explore both individual and collective subjective views of supporting factors for professional learning. Q-factor analysis resulted in three prevailing group-based opinions, which respectively emphasised 1) improvement of teaching competence and student benefits in terms of employability, 2) personal benefits in terms of job opportunities and 3) institutional support leading to confidence in PBL implementation. The results suggest that individual awareness and effort, as well as institutional support, is essential for the facilitation of educators’ learning as an outcome of pedagogical development. It is concluded that pedagogical development efforts should consider the complexity of engineering educators’ professional learning process and that this has implications for the future organisation of professional learning programmes in general and the format of cross-institutional collaboration in particular.

Взаємодія інститутів громадянського суспільства та органів державної влади

The importance of effective interaction of public society institutions with state authorities is analyzed, because civil society institutions ensure the provision of high-quality and cost-effective social services, the organization of private individuals and legal entities under private law to independently satisfy their interests without additional financial or administrative costs from the state; spread of charity and provision of targeted and operational charitable assistance; participation in decision-making and thus ensuring greater effectiveness of decisions taking into account the interests of various social groups. It has been established that today this interaction is actively taking place in several legal forms, namely: the participation of civil society institutions in the rule-making activity of the state; participation of civil society institutions in law enforcement activities of the state; participation of civil society institutions in law enforcement activities of the state. The political and legal aspect of the right of citizens to association is defined, which is determined by the specificity of the subject of constitutional and legal regulation. It has been investigated that the activity of a public association or charitable organization in Ukraine before and after the start of a full-scale war is generally quite highly evaluated by representatives of the public sector. The role of the mass media, acting simultaneously as a channel for expressing the opinion of civil society, as a means of its formation, and as a tool for public control over power, is characterized. It was found that the essence and specificity of mass media is revealed through their functions. Determining the functions of the media means revealing the role played by the media as an element of the social system. The war caused the appearance in the media space of situations and legal dilemmas that were not relevant until now. In particular, not all information can be freely requested and used. After all, there is also information with limited access - secret, confidential, official. During martial law, it is especially important to follow the "letter of the law" and not to publish data that could directly or indirectly harm the security of the state and its citizens.

How “modern” has German Modern Dance Remained?—The Case with the 2022 UNESCO Inscription

This research focuses on the process of heritagization and how it functions to both legitimize a dance practice and generate a new set of values for the practice. More specifically, I explore how the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) inscribed Modern Dance in Germany as Humanity’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) on its Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022. I argue that this designation is a gradual recontextualization, that impacts both the practice itself and its status among global communities. Ultimately, this discursive change puts into question the categorization of German Modern Dance as “modern” in the midst of other “traditional” dances inscribed as heritage on the same list, and sparks questions about the influence of labels and categories on dance practices. I illustrate how the creation of dance as ICH enhances comprehension of national agendas linked to heritage appreciation, illuminates institutional participation in the formation of “national heritage,” and significantly contributes to the necessary definition and codification process for inscription, while also acknowledging the evolving and mutable nature of Modern Dance in Germany.

Varieties of participatory institutions and interest intermediation

Although participatory institutions have become ubiquitous in contemporary politics, they often serve such different objectives that viewing the institutions as part of the same phenomenon can produce more confusion than clarity. We argue that participatory institutions can serve distinct and even opposite functions in interest intermediation, and develop a conceptual framework that distinguishes participatory institutions based on 1) what political project they were established to advance, 2) whose participation is channeled into these venues, and 3) how participatory institutions engage participants in the policymaking. We illustrate this framework with cases from Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, and Ecuador. We show that participatory institutions can serve a wide array of political projects that connect citizens to the state in radically different ways, including restructuring state-society relations to empower marginalized groups, increasing civil society influence over policymaking and government oversight, expanding parties’ electoral coalitions, and constraining the influence of disruptive social movements.

NGO scientific collaboration networks for marine conservation in the southern cone: A case study

In recent decades, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have become more involved in conservation science, playing a key role in scientific research. Despite its importance, the dynamics of scientific networks among these organizations have not been widely studied. This paper examined scientific collaboration network of NGOs in South America, based on a systematic bibliographic publications survey with member organizations of the Forum for the Conservation of the Patagonian Sea and areas of influence (FCPS). We describe the countries, research funds, types of institutions, topics covered, and where these studies were conducted. Using a network perspective, we analyzed the structure of scientific collaborations, identifying relevant measures of the social capital network. The results show that this network is growing and expanding over time, with greater participation of institutions and research funds from the north-hemisphere countries, and composed mainly of universities, research institutes, NGOs, and government agencies. Most studies address animal function and behavior, impacts of human activities, and management along with marine area conservation, located mostly in Argentina. Northern hemisphere organizations and forum´s international NGOs, are the central actors in the scientific networks, working closely with domestic research institutes, forum NGOs, and universities from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. We found that participation in research funds, time frame in the network, and physical presence of forum organizations are the strongest predictors of social capital. Our results also offer new insights into the role of ENGOs in supporting, scientific knowledge for marine conservation policy options, especially in the countries of the Southern Hemisphere.

Threat of non-metallic mining on the integrity of the Tocuyo River basin, Lara state, Venezuela

There are various conflicts of usage in the Tokuyo River Basin of Lala Prefecture. The contradiction is that in a semi-arid and water scarce area, the soil has many natural resources, among which the most prominent are non-metallic minerals ((NMM), such as silica, the best clay and a series of decorative stones in the country. The public policies of the State and local governments prevail in this territory. They encourage NMM mining, therefore, criticism of an extractivist economy that has historically dominated the country arises. Through an exhaustive documentary review, results show that there are few references to environmental impact studies associated with NMM mining. There is evidence of open-pit mining near rivers and streams, which exposes areas to erosion and sediment production due to the typical erratic rains that affect the Tocuyo, Morere, Diquiva and Curarigua rivers. The promotion of mining activities by economic interests without the independent participation of environmental institutions puts the integrity of the basin at risk. The situation requires the activism of social movements to denounce the impacts that put, among other things, the future availability of water for human consumption and food production at risk.

The Influence of Participatory Technology and Institutional Participation of Farmer Groups on Farmer Business Development

Janti Village, Jogoroto, Jombang has a corn productivity of 2020 reaching 84.5 Kw/Ha, this achievement exceeds national average corn productivity. However, this is inversely proportional to the unstable price of corn, which can even be far from the normal price. Besides, the lack of farmer participation makes the problem drag on longer. The existence of farmer group institutions is very important to solve this problem. In addition, the application of participatory technology to farmers also provides clear goals for future agricultural production activities. Therefore, it is necessary to be active and participate in the Janti Village farmer group members. The purpose of this study is to describe the influence of participatory technology (discussions, workshops, and action planning) and institutional participation of farmer groups (participation in planning, implementation, utilization of results, and evaluation) on farming development (social, economic, and environmental) in Janti Village. Jogoroto District, Jombang Regency. The research method uses descriptive quantitative data collection techniques namely interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Previously, the questionnaire had to be tested for validity and reliability tests to support the validity of the research data obtained. The sampling method used is a simple random sample. Then the data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis using the ordinary least square method including data tabulation, estimation of multiple linear regression models, classical assumption tests, regression feasibility tests, and interpretation of multiple linear regression models. Results showed that there was no significant effect if independent variables moved independently on dependent variables. Meanwhile, if independent variables move simultaneously, there will be a significant influence between participatory technology and the institutional participation of farmer groups in the development of farming businesses.

Behavioural Biases in Equity, Futures, and Options Trading: Implications for Market Efficiency

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of behavioural biases among traders operating in the equity, futures, and options segments of financial markets. The study aims to understand the psychological factors influencing trading decisions, risk perception, and trading strategies. By exploring the impact of behavioural biases on market efficiency and stability, this research contributes to the growing field of behavioural finance. Using a mixed-method approach, the study collected data through surveys, interviews, and behavioural experiments from a diverse group of traders, including retail investors and institutional participants. The analysis focused on identifying common behavioural biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, herding behaviour, anchoring, and the disposition effect. The findings reveal that behavioural biases are prevalent among traders in all three segments. Overconfidence leads to excessive trading and underestimation of risks, while loss aversion influences risk aversion and reluctance to exit losing positions. Herding behaviour results in the formation of market bubbles and crashes, and anchoring affects traders' reliance on past information to make decisions. The disposition effect influences traders to hold onto losing positions longer than profitable ones. The study also highlights the impact of behavioural biases on trading strategies and risk management practices. Traders tend to exhibit risk-seeking behaviour during periods of market euphoria and become risk-averse during times of uncertainty and volatility. Moreover, behavioural biases can lead to suboptimal portfolio allocation and performance outcomes. The implications of these findings for market efficiency and stability are significant. Behavioural biases can contribute to market inefficiencies, distorted price patterns, and increased market volatility. As a result, market participants and regulators must address these biases to foster more informed decision-making and improve market outcomes. To mitigate the impact of behavioural biases, the study recommends trader education programs focusing on behavioural finance principles and risk management techniques. Additionally, market regulators should implement measures to promote transparency and discourage excessive speculative trading. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of understanding behavioural biases in equity, futures, and options trading. By shedding light on the psychological drivers of trading behaviour, this study provides valuable insights for traders, financial institutions, and policymakers to enhance market efficiency and stability in the face of behavioural challenges.

Challenges for NATO in the First Third of the 21st Century: China and Ukraine

The article is dedicated to the analysis of China’s and Ukraine policies as challenges at the beginning of the XXI century. External and internal factors which influence the NATO’s definition of its role and place in the contemporary system of international relations are considered. To this purpose, the content of certain definitions, specifics of internal development of Western society of the second half of the XXth century which form subsequent perception of security environment as well as the impact of China and Ukraine on the NANO’s choice of the ways of adaptation to the contemporary security processes. The author notes that China and Ukraine are substantially different challenges for NATO and initial analysis shows that the Alliance rather quick and promptly takes into account their meaning for the creation of adaptive mechanisms and instruments to the contemporary world political processes. China’s challenge makes NATO to activate the process of its “globalizing” through the creation and participation in supplementary security mechanisms and institutions beyond the Statute’s defined Euro-Atlantic region. At the same time, Ukraine acts as an outpost of Western word covering the Alliance’s members from Russian aggression and giving them possibility to make rearmament necessary for efficient rebuff in case of attack. Ukraine’s challenge lies in that NATO support of Kyiv increases the risk of direct military collision between NATO and the Russian Federation.

Art and citizenship: Practices and discourses of young artivists in Portugal

ABSTRACT The literature on youth and political participation has been increasingly paying attention to more alternative and non-institutional forms of engagement by that cohort. The growing detachment from the sphere of institutional participation is the other face of these trends which have been intensifying and are behind some authors' descriptions of young people as apathic and apolitical. In reality, young people think and act politically in fields where the private and public spheres mix, and which involve entertainment, leisure, and sociability. Outside the normative political sphere, based on an adult-centric world vision, young people construct new forms of intervention that spring from questioning the world, the exercise of power, and different forms of inequality. The artistic and creative practices have functioned as crucial devices for young people to secure a space in the public sphere. In this article we employ the term artivism to reflect on how they articulate this combination of art and civic intervention. It is based on a project developed in Portugal involving in-depth interviews with young people between 14 and 35 years who are involved in multiple causes. The analysis of their discourses allowed us to develop a typology of functions that are attributed to artivism.

Economic Institutional Empowerment Model as a Climate and Energy Independent Village Based on Local Wisdom

Objective: Village development from the perspective of community empowerment is to increase community participation in institutions by utilizing economic potential resources and local wisdom. Purpose: The research to analyze and design a model of economic institutional empowerment at the location of Sambak Village, Kajoran Subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province as a productive and innovative village that was awarded the Climate Village and Independent Innovation Champion. Method: The research used a qualitative method with Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which is relevant for constructing reality through observation, dialogical interviews, documentation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Research informants were selected purposively, namely administrators and members of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (VOE), village government, and empowerment activists. PRA research analysis obtains data construction, reduction, and categorization which can then design empowerment programs or models. Results: Village governments need to create and run economic institutional empowerment programs in partnership with educational institutions and empowerment activists so that VOEs and MSMEs become integrated institutions. The empowerment programs needed are institutional management, administration, finance, promotion as well as digital marketing. Sambak Village can become a model and destination for an energy-independent productive and innovative Eduwisata. Research Implications: This research can apply the concepts, theories, and methods of community empowerment as participatory development. Originality/value: This research has created a productive and innovative economic institutional empowerment model based on energy independence and local wisdom.

DEVELOPING AN OPEN INNOVATION MODEL:FOCUS ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LENDING

The implementation of import substitution and ensuring technological sovereignty is not an easy task for the Russian economy, which correlates with intensification of innovation activity in all spheres of national economy. One of the major factors to ensure necessary dynamics in transforming the domestic economy is the availability of free exchange of innovative technologies among subjects of various sectors in the economy provided by the conception of open innovations. Current models of innovation systems, with prevailing state financing of R&D, are not effective enough, which creates prerequisites for involving credit organizations into this area in order to intensify R&D, especially in the areas essential for practical activities. The authors propose developing and adapting the open innovation model in relation to the participation of credit institutions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of credit institutions as an ecosystem actor in the open innovation model. The research methodologyis based on the analysis of theoretical and practical works on open innovation theory in order to apply lending secured by the results of intellectual activity. The major results of the studyare based on (i) considering the open innovation model to properly include credit institutionsas an ecosystem actor, (ii) proposing possible solutions regarding the cooperation of actors in innovation processes, and (iii) selecting innovative projects for possible secured lending which will accelerate the processes of innovative development. The obtained results can be used for further development of this area and in practice of the subjects of innovation activity

A Study on the Network Governance System of Disaster Management in Tehran, Iran, Based On Participatory Governance: A Social Network Analysis

Background and objective This study aims to analyze the network governance of safety and disaster management in Tehran by examining the laws of the fourth development plan and emphasizing the participation of key actors, including government institutions, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and local communities using social network analysis. Method In this study, 22 laws with 101 issues were extracted from the fourth development plan, and 47 involved organizations, including 26 internal institutions of Tehran Municipality and 21 external institutions involved in the safety and disaster management program in the areas of transportation/traffic, urban safety/worn-out fabric, cultural/social issues, and intelligentization/management improvement were evaluated. The organizations and institutions were considered as the rows and columns of the governance network matrix, and the number of times of cooperation between organizations and institutions was considered as the entries of cells of the matrix. The matrix of actors’ cooperation network was analyzed based on the degree centrality, betweenness centrality, geodesic distance, density and cohesion. Results The results of the analysis of the governance system of Tehran city showed the planners’ belief in participatory governance for solving the safety and disaster management issues of the city. However, the participation of citizens, local communities, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector requires improvement and expansion of legal cooperation such that the lack of transparency in determining the roles, responsibilities, and powers of external institutions of Tehran Municipality, such as executive, legislative and supervisory institutions, and absence of policies for facilitating and encouraging the participation of private sector, economic institutions, universities, scientific and research centers, local communities and citizens need to be addressed by legislators and planners. They should support the network governance in solving disaster management issues in Tehran. Conclusion The recommendations for improving the governance system of disaster management in Tehran for balancing the distribution of legal power among the responsible institutions and actors of Tehran’s safety and disaster management program include: Strengthening the cooperation of municipal and inter-institutional actors to solve key issues of safety and disaster management; strengthening the communication network and continuously exploiting the capacity of academic elites and consultants; strengthening the mechanisms for the participation of citizens, non-governmental organizations and the private sector; rising awareness and strengthening citizens’ trust in safety and disaster management programs using social media, developing incentive policies to utilize the capacity and participation of knowledge-based organizations and new and creative firms in solving safety and disaster management issues; developing incentive policies for the participation of managers and employees; strengthening the legal communication of financial and economic institutions and financing projects; and transparency and accountability of responsible institutions.

Empowering ESL Students: Harnessing the Potential of Social Media to Enhance Academic Motivation in Higher Education

Numerous studies have been conducted to determine how social media usage affects students' academic motivation as a result of its extensive use around the world. However, it has largely gone unnoticed when it comes to learning English as a second language (ESL). Thereby, this study examines the influence of social media usage on the academic motivation of ESL students. Conducted among 353 participants in Karachi's higher education institutions, which employed quantitative research methods. Findings showed substantial social media usage and its significant contribution to boosting the students' academic motivation. This study highlights the overlooked potential of social media as an instrument to boost ESL students' engagement and performance. Recognizing this impact can guide educators and policymakers to harness social media's benefits. This area merits further research to abundantly comprehend the relationship between social media use and academic motivation, enhancing the educational experiences of ESL students.