Institutional Design Research Articles

A Report on the Institutional Design of an Original Land Use Planning System and Land Use Coordination Method Based on the Zoning System in Village-based Cities and Regions

A Report on the Institutional Design of an Original Land Use Planning System and Land Use Coordination Method Based on the Zoning System in Village-based Cities and Regions

The evaluation of main results of the RMO Key and Supplementary comparisons for electrical power and energy

To overcome technical barriers in trade between countries, special international agreements on mutual recognition (MRA) of measurement results play an important role. National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) play a major role in the implementation of these agreements. NMI and DI standards periodically participate in international comparisons to establish their equivalence to other similar standards. A comparative analysis of the results of NMI/DI participants of COOMET.EM-K5 of alternating current active power and GULFMET.EM-S5 of alternating current active and reactive energy comparisons, both in terms of regional and metrological traceability for Regional Metrology Organizations, was carried out. This analysis is related to the need to minimize the cost of NMIs/DIs in order to achieve the required metrological traceability, taking into account the geographical location of the leading NMIs. For checking consistency of these comparisons data ware used En number and z scores. The results for all participants of the comparisons are satisfactory both for En number and z scores.

Penanggulangan Stunting dalam Prespektif Collaborative Governance

Stunting in Indonesia is still relatively high, including Probolinggo Regency which ranks 4th in East Java Province based on https://sigiziterpadu.kemkes.go.id/ data has a stunting prevalence of 23.5% based on SSGI data in 2021. Stunting in Probolinggo Regency is said to be high because it exceeds the minimum stunting percentage, which is 14%. So to overcome stunting, legal certainty was made, namely Probolinggo Regent Regulation Number 15 of 2019 concerning the Acceleration of Integrated Stunting Prevention in Probolinggo Regency, one of the strategies is by establishing cooperation and harmonization across sectors. Therefore, the dynamics of collaborative governance are needed, so that the cooperation established by these stakeholders can support the reduction of stunting that occurs in Probolinggo Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine and describe collaborative governance in stunting reduction in Probolinggo Regency using Ansell and Gash, (2008) theory references which have four variables, namely initial conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and collaboration process. This study used qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that collaborative governance carried out as a whole has run optimally and obtained good intermediate results.

A Qualitative Study on Leisure Benefits, Constraints, and Negotiations in Urban Parks Based on Perception of Chinese Older Adults

Urban parks, one of the most significant outdoor leisure areas, are particularly important for the physical and mental health of older adults. In order to investigate the benefits and constraints of leisure activities that older adults perceived in urban parks, as well as their negotiation mechanisms, this study was conducted using a qualitative method, interviewing 102 retired older adults aged 55 or older in Guangzhou, China, and using Rost CM 6.0 for word frequency analysis. The study findings indicated that due to the lack of age-friendly public leisure facilities in Guangzhou, Chinese older adults expressed multiple expectations regarding the benefits of urban parks, mainly in terms of physical, psychological, and social interaction, with physical benefits being their primary drivers. Leisure constraints can be intrapersonal, interpersonal, or structural. Older adults who visited parks and those who did not were affected by different levels of limitations, with the oldest people experiencing the most pronounced constraints. Older adults were able to access leisure opportunities through a variety of constraint negotiation strategies, including cognitive adaptability, spatiotemporal adaptation, interpersonal coordination, skill acquisition, and alternative leisure activities. The results of this study might assist related management departments in building more age-friendly parks based on the framework of the benefits and constraints of park recreation for older adults, in terms such as institutional design and planning to enhance the role of urban parks in healthy aging.

Building Resilient Communities: Rapid Response to a Crisis through Nusantara Module’s Character Education and Social Contribution Initiative

The primary objective of this research was to investigate the execution of the Nusantara Module program at Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad), Indonesia, and examine its impact on participating students, emphasizing the program’s adaptability and response to the Cianjur earthquake catastrophe in 2022. This study used a mixed-method approach, combining the qualitative analysis of program papers and communication with the quantitative analysis of post-program surveys and verbatim analysis of student responses. This research revealed systematic methods such as regular meetings, rapid issue resolution, monthly reporting, rigorous evaluation, and post-program surveys. The findings show that students were quite satisfied with the cultural interchange, academic and non-academic learning experiences, hospitality, excursions, and amenities provided. However, areas for improvement were highlighted, including extending module destinations, resolving financial issues, addressing social integration obstacles, improving communication, addressing facility concerns, and improving program management. The contributions of this study extend to both academia and practice. Academically, this research augments the understanding of program management, student mobility, disaster response, and community engagement within the Indonesian educational landscape. Practically, this study provides a blueprint for educational institutions aiming to enhance the resilience and effectiveness of their programs in times of crisis. By elaborating on the implications and contributions of this research, we underscore its significant and far-reaching impact on educational practices, disaster management strategies, and community well-being.

Post-Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Management and Implementation in Rural Areas: Review and Lessons from Dujiangyan, Wenchuan Earthquake

Housing reconstruction plays a crucial role in renovating disaster-hit areas. Rural areas are considerably different from urban areas in terms of geographic environment, building size, residential culture, and social organization. Therefore, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction models for urban areas cannot be applied directly to disaster-hit rural areas. This study, based on the experience of rural housing reconstruction after the Wenchuan earthquake, identified key strategic issues in housing reconstruction that must be addressed to achieve the goal of “building back better” in the future. By taking the experience of Dujiangyan as our reference, the study found that the following strategies are important for successful housing reconstruction in rural areas: (1) actively involve disaster victims through a participatory institutional design; (2) coordinate the interests of governments, markets, and disaster victims and the functions of living, production, and ecology through a classified housing reconstruction system; and (3) activate the quota for rural collective construction land and create a new source of funding for housing reconstruction through the market circulation of urban-rural land. Additionally, in the context of urban-rural integration, changes in land use can lead to rural spatial reconstruction and sustainable regional development, providing a reference for formulating optimal post-disaster reconstruction strategies.

Negotiated Rates for Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of Price Transparency-Prices Reflect Market Competition.

To measure commercial price variation for cancer surgery within and across hospitals. Surgical care for solid-organ tumors is costly, and negotiated commercial rates have been hidden from public view. The Hospital Price Transparency Rule, enacted in 2021, requires all hospitals to list their negotiated rates on their website, thus opening the door for an examination of pricing for cancer surgery. This was a cross-sectional study using 2021 negotiated price data disclosed by US hospitals for the 10 most common cancers treated with surgery. Price variation was measured using within-hospital and across-hospital ratios. Commercial rates relative to cancer center designation and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index at the facility level were evaluated with mixed effects linear regression with random intercepts per procedural code. In all, 495,200 unique commercial rates from 2232 hospitals resulted for the 10 most common solid-organ tumor cancers. Gynecologic cancer operations had the highest median rates at $6035.8/operation compared with bladder cancer surgery at $3431.0/operation. Compared with competitive markets, moderately and highly concentrated markets were associated with significantly higher rates (HHI 1501, 2500, coefficient $513.6, 95% CI, $295.5, $731.7; HHI >2500, coefficient $1115.5, 95% CI, $913.7, $1317.2). National Cancer Institute designation was associated with higher rates, coefficient $3,451.9 (95% CI, $2853.2, $4050.7). Commercial payer-negotiated prices for the surgical management of 10 common, solid tumor malignancies varied widely both within and across hospitals. Higher rates were observed in less competitive markets. Future efforts should facilitate price competition and limit health market concentration.

Collaborative Governance Model on The Guidance of Terrorist Parolees (Case Study in Surakarta Parole Office)

This research delves into the collaborative governance framework concerning the reintegration guidance of terrorist parolees, as exemplified by the Surakarta Parole Office. Terrorism, a global concern, is defined as a criminal undertaking intended to overtly propagate fear and panic, perpetrated by specific factions either for ideological or distinct political motives. Addressing terrorism necessitates the concerted efforts of multiple stakeholders. Within the realm of Corrections, Parole Offices assume the responsibility of aiding terrorist parolees in their societal reintegration. However, the current level of collaboration between the Parole Office and stakeholders in this particular endeavor remains suboptimal. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to this issue, employing a qualitative methodology with a descriptive orientation. Through meticulous data analysis, it is revealed that collaborative governance in the context of guiding terrorist parolees within the Surakarta Parole Office is not functioning at its full potential due to several factors, aligned with the four dimensions of Ansell and Gash's (2007) collaborative governance model, namely Starting Conditions, Collaborative Process, Facilitative Leadership, Institutional Design, and Outcome. To optimize the collaborative framework for guiding terrorist parolees, this research proposes an enhanced collaborative governance model building upon the foundation laid by Ansell and Gash. This model advocates for a comprehensive collaborative approach involving pertinent multi-actors.

Structural behaviour of Cold‐Formed Steel back‐to‐back welded sections subjected to longitudinal shear

AbstractThe current study focuses on understanding the behaviour of flare v‐groove welds on back‐to‐back connected Cold‐Formed Steel welded sections (G300) subjected to longitudinal shear. A novel welding technique called Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding was used for fabrication with copper‐coated steel welding wire as a filler metal (ER70S‐6). This mode of welding has the advantage of controlled material deposition compared to the spray or globular mode of welding. Lap shear tests were carried out on unlipped channels including thickness of the weld, and length of the weld. The weld geometry was observed under an optical microscope after polishing and chemical etching of the weld cross‐section, as American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) design standard provides no specification on thickness of flare v‐groove welds for CMT welding process. In general, the lap shear specimens failed in plate tearing failure mode and brittle fracture of weld at the weld contours. Additionally, the appropriateness of AISI's shear design strength equations for flare v‐groove welds was verified and preliminary design guidelines are provided addressing the lacunae in AISI design standard.

Knowledge Mapping of Board Governance Research: A Visual Analysis Using CiteSpace

Based on the bibliometric and visualization analysis of relevant board governance research literature from 2003 to 2022, this study summarizes and outlines the knowledge structure, hot topics, and future research directions in the field of board governance. The research findings indicate that the publication volume in the field of board governance has shown an exponential growth trend, which highlights the increasing importance and research demand in this area. Company performance has become a critical topic in the field of board governance research. Furthermore, collaboration and communication among research institutions promote knowledge sharing and enhance the quality of board governance research. Through keyword clustering and burst analysis, corporate governance, ownership, and firm performance are identified as crucial keywords in the field of board governance, highlighting researchers' emphasis on improving corporate governance systems, optimizing ownership structures, and enhancing firm performance. Moreover, gender diversity, boards of directors, and corporate governance are identified as research hotspots, indicating scholars' attention to board structures and institutional designs, as well as the value of female directors' participation in board governance. Finally, sustainable development and green governance are recognized as frontier trends in board governance research, underscoring the importance placed on corporate social responsibility and environmental impact, as well as the role of boards in driving sustainable development. These research findings provide important insights for academia, practitioners, and policymakers, driving the development of board governance theories and continuous improvements in practice to achieve sustainable development goals for companies.

In uncharted territory "together each achieves more": a United Nations interagency collaboration for continuity of maternal and newborn health services during the coronavirus pandemic in the Eastern and Southern Africa region.

The frangible collaboration between three United Nations agencies (UNICEF, UNFPA and WHO) in the Eastern and Southern Africa Region was strengthened by the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. The aim was to combine existing resources and expertise to support countries to respond to the pandemic more effectively and efficiently regarding the provision of maternal and newborn health services. Three kinds of activities were conducted: 15 webinars on a variety of topics and issues impacted by the pandemic; virtual training on maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response as well as on quality improvement; and the development of online e-learning modules for continuous professional development. Key dimensions of the collaboration included: a common vision; commitment to the process; dialogue; building relationships and trust; communication and information sharing; sharing of technical and financial resources and expertise; mobilization of additional resources; celebration of intermediate outcomes; facilitative leadership; and institutional design. Start-up lessons revolved around shared risk taking, while retaining agency autonomy. Collaboration lessons included forming a "united front", harnessing technology to accelerate results, and mitigating adverse structural and contextual factors. There are widespread perceptions that collaborative initiatives tend to yield minimum results in terms of increased efficiency or effectiveness. This particular collaborative effort demonstrated elements of feasibility, value addition, synergy, cost effectiveness and demonstrable results where UN agencies delivered as one. The emergency in healthcare as a ripple effect of the coronavirus pandemic has caused a rethink of collaboration models and levels of engagement.

Institutional Design and Transitional Justice: An Analysis of Colombia’s Land Restitution Policy

Este artículo analiza la implementación de la política de restitución de tierras de Colombia durante más de 12 años, con el objetivo de proporcionar información sobre el debate acerca del desempeño y la eficacia de las instituciones para abordar los problemas de propiedad en contextos de conflicto armado y acceso desigual a la tierra. Los autores recopilaron información estadística sobre las reclamaciones tramitadas, realizaron entrevistas y discusiones en grupos focales y analizaron más de 860 decisiones extraídas de la página web de la agencia gubernamental para comprender por qué la Agencia para la Restitución de Tierras de Colombia ha rechazado más del 65 % de todas las reclamaciones recibidas. El artículo busca contribuir a la literatura sobre justicia transicional (JT) y gobernanza de la tierra de tres maneras: proporciona pruebas empíricas, facilita la conexión entre los hallazgos empíricos y la literatura sobre burocracias transicionales, y mejora la comprensión del diseño y funcionamiento de las burocracias JT relacionadas con la tierra. Los autores sostienen que, si bien los marcos normativos innovadores y los impulsos políticos al más alto nivel son necesarios para una implementación de los mecanismos de justicia transicional de manera exitosa, es necesario ofrecer una explicación más detallada del éxito o fracaso de dichos mecanismos. El artículo se centra en la literatura académica, examina las principales características del modelo de restitución colombiano, y concluye con una serie de reflexiones sobre los límites de la reforma institucional en contextos de transición.

In-kind forms of social support in the history of economic thought

Subject. The article addresses economic and social relations providing mechanisms for the formation of in-kind social support in the history of economic thought. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze various economic schools that theoretically underpin the stimulation of final consumer demand and prerequisites for the formation of in-kind forms of social support. Methods. With the help of methodological pluralism, we provide theoretical underpinning for determining the in-kind forms of social support in economics. Results. We reviewed the Keynesian and monetary approaches. The examination of problems of the Keynesian synthesis demonstrated that in-kind benefits in the social support system go beyond the scope of the study of these schools, manifesting themselves during the fiasco of the market. Austrian economics, using the theory of intertemporal market inconsistency due to unnatural design of the monetary institution, justified conditions for the formation of in-kind forms of social support. Conclusions. In-kind forms of social support are used not only as a State policy tool. They are also actively involved in market processes during market failures and in final demand stimulation. The introduction of technologies for the application of such forms between market participants enables to improve and develop economic relations, enrich theoretical base of scholarly studies.

Democratic Constitutions, Poverty and Economic Inequality: Redress Through the Fourth Branch Institutions?

The Scottish Poverty and Inequality Commission is a relatively new fourth branch institution with responsibility for addressing both poverty and inequality in Scotland. Nonetheless, it has made important, if modest and incremental, inroads to achieving these objectives, by encouraging the collection and use by government of relevant data in policy-formation; and the expansion and acceleration in the roll-out of important substantive policies focused on alleviating child poverty. The question this raises is what underpins this institutional success. The article draws attention to three key factors: the Commission’s distinctive combination of independence and a collaborative approach to policy making, supported by a ‘triangular’ relationship between the government, Commission and civil society, its expertise and perceived legitimacy, and the unique policy context presented by the COVID-19 pandemic and the government’s commitment to devolution and progressive differentiation of its policies from the UK. These factors, it suggests, offer useful lessons for constitutional and institutional designers elsewhere — about both the promise and contingency and four branch solutions to problems of economic exclusion and disadvantage.

Online System Adaptation Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA)

The industrial revolution can bring changes in human lifestyles, from manual to digital trading and ways of working. This will provide Indonesia with opportunities, enormous opportunities, including government organizations that are innovative in fulfilling their mandates and functions. Utilizing developments in information technology, accelerating the promotion of e-government, implementing science and technology public services and implementing other government affairs. The Indonesian government has finally passed Law No. 19 of 2020. Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation has changed the licensing paradigm from a permit-based approach to a risk-based approach (RBA). Not without reason, this provision is intended to provide ease and certainty in doing business so as to increase regional competitiveness. This new paradigm places risk as the main consideration in every business activity, thus having implications for changes in the current design of business policies, institutions and service platforms in the central and regional governments. However, at the implementation level in each region, the application of this risk-based licensing model depends on the readiness and subsequent response from each region, especially policies, institutions (organization and human resources) and digital service tools (sarpras, internet networks). Electronically Integrated Business Licensing or Online Single Submission Risk-Based Approach (OSS-RBA) is a business license issued by the OSS-RBA agency on behalf of the Minister, Head of Agency, Governor, or Regent/Mayor to commercial participants through an electronic system. The OSS-RBA was created as a form of reform in the field of commercial licensing, because initially the handling of proposed permits seemed complicated, requiring lengthy bureaucratic procedures and direct visits to relevant agencies.

Reterritorialisation of agricultural activities in land-use and food planning: comparing the Netherlands and France

ABSTRACT The reterritorialisation of agricultural activities (RAA) consists of reinforcing local food production and its diversification activities oriented toward local consumers. RAA helps shape the local food system, which is an increasingly studied topic in the planning field. However, institutional impacts on planning approaches for RAA remain unknown. This study examines this question by comparing land-use and food planning in Dutch and French cases, where France defines food planning via national law and the Netherlands does not. Through analysis of planning documents and semi-structured interviews, we identified planning goals and instruments, and analysed governance models. We then linked these three components to understand institutional impacts. Our empirical findings reveal that regarding planning policies on RAA, there are differences between the two countries in terms of focused action fields, planning instruments, and links between land-use and food planning. Our results show that the dominance of state-local relationships in France and civil society-government relationships in the Netherlands has a significant effect on planning approaches. This study supports the need for an emphasis on institutional design for effective planning for RAA.

Understanding Ambiguity in Knowledge, Value and Institutional Structure: A Case Study of Chinese Open Network Community

Being a space for organizations to realize their value, it is necessary to minimize the structural Uncertainty of the virtual world. The analysis shows structural problems are the internal logical starting point of ambiguity in the net- work community and the underlying cause of gradual accumulation and pre- cipitation in social tension. Analyzing the structural stain from the dimension of knowledge, value, and institutional structure in the network community, multifarious ambiguity is found in Chinese network governance. A representative survey object is selected to understand Chinese network governance after COVID 2019. We choose The Changtze River Cloud com- munity on TikTok as the survey unit to analyze the public space management satisfaction ratio. Through theoretical discussion and case study, specific countermeasures are proposed, such as broadening the channels of expression, constructing cultural diversity in virtual space, and establishing clear specification standardization. It is expected that explicitness instead of ambiguity transmitted by authority can promote existing order to more open, creative, and satisfying institutional design for net citizens in virtual communities.

Collaborative Governance dalam Meningkatkan Indeks Kebahagiaan Masyarakat (Index of Happiness) di Kota Bandung

This study aims to determine collaborative governance in increasing the index of people's happiness in the city of Bandung. The happiness index for the city of Bandung has increased from 2014 to 2018. However, in 2019-2020 there was no measurement of the happiness index in the city of Bandung. The community happiness index in 2019-2020 can experience a decline, this is due to the impact of 10 community happiness index benchmarks in the city of Bandung. This research uses the theory from Ansel and Gash which looks at governance collaboration in 4 stages namely initial conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and collaboration processes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the initial conditions, collaboration can be carried out by both parties according to needs, 2) there is no specific institutional design that houses the happiness index, 3) the Bandung City Cooperation Field acts as an intermediary between the government and the collaborating parties, 4) there has been a collaboration of municipal, group and individual internal governance.

Commissioning Economic Equality? Lessons from Scotland

The Scottish Poverty and Inequality Commission (hereafter ‘the Commission’) is a relatively new fourth branch institution with responsibility for addressing both poverty and inequality in Scotland. Nonetheless, it has made important, if modest and incremental, inroads in achieving these objectives, by encouraging the collection and use by government of relevant data in policy-formation; and the expansion and acceleration in the roll-out of important substantive policies focused on alleviating child poverty. The question this raises is what underpins this institutional success. The article draws attention to three key factors: the Commission’s distinctive combination of independence and a collaborative approach to policymaking, supported by a ‘triangular’ relationship between the government, Commission and civil society; its expertise and perceived legitimacy; and the unique policy context presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors, it suggests, also offer useful lessons for constitutional and institutional designers elsewhere — about both the promise and contingency and four branch solutions to problems of economic exclusion and disadvantage.

Institutional design and biases in evaluation reports by international organizations

AbstractGovernments spend hundreds of millions on evaluations to assess the performance of public organizations. In this article, we scrutinize whether variation in the institutional design of evaluation systems leads to biases in evaluation findings. Biases may emerge because influence over evaluation processes could enable the bureaucracy to present its work in a more positive way. We study evaluation reports published by nine international organizations (IOs) of the United Nations system. We use deep learning to measure the share of positive assessments at the sentence level per evaluation report as a proxy for the positivity of evaluation results. Analyzing 1082 evaluation reports, we find that reports commissioned by operative units, as compared to central evaluation units, systematically contain more positive assessments. Theoretically, this link between institutional design choices and evaluation outcomes may explain why policymakers perceive similar tools for evidence‐based policymaking as functional in some organizations, and politicized in others.