Institutional Aspects Research Articles

Awarding academic titles as a public service: Optimization of administrative procedures and transition to a digital model

The transition to a digital model of providing the public service of conferring academic titles implies fundamental changes in this public institution, which are associated with both the need to make a technological map for digitizing the service and optimization of the very procedure for awarding academic titles. The paper discusses technological and institutional aspects of providing the public service of conferring academic titles in a digital form. The theories of public administration and public services, digitalization, jurisprudence and project management constitute the methodological framework of the article. The classical research methods, such as analysis and synthesis, are used. The empirical data are obtained through integration of the legal acts regulating the principles and mechanisms for rendering public services and conferring academic titles with the project documents of the Department of Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Workers Certification of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. We indicate the need to legalize the procedures for initiating the nomination of an applicant for academic titles and justify the attribution of academic titles to the academic rights of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers. Special focus of the study is on the reorganization of the academic titles institution and its role in assessing scientific qualifications and developing academic career. We address the controversial issue of granting the leading universities the right to independently confer academic titles (transition to a hybrid format) and emphasize the importance of balance between local and centralized regulation. In prospect the initiative to update the quantitative requirements and criteria for applicants for academic titles should be a key tool in revising the content of academic titles.

The Implementation of Good Governance for Optimizing the Potential Corruption Prevention in the Development of the Nusantara (IKN)

The decision to develop the Archipelago Capital (IKN) as the capital city of Indonesia is one of the state political decisions that has a big vision towards a Golden Indonesia 2045. As a project with a large and complex budget, its financial management must be carried out in an accountable manner, free from corrupt practices, and supported with a strict monitoring system so that it can run by prioritizing the principles of good governance. Therefore, IKN development policies and regulations must be in line with these principles and objectives. This study aims to describe the current condition of IKN development related to the potential for corruption, opportunities, and obstacles in preventing it. So, this study can produce policy recommendations that can be implemented in the implementation of IKN development. The legal research method used in writing this thesis is a normative juridical research method, with a statutory approach. The research uses qualitative analysis using primary and secondary legal data/material sources. Data/legal material processing activities begin with collection, analysis, and presentation, then formulated and presented systematically and descriptively according to the respective subject matter. The results of the study show the potential for corruption in the institutional aspects of the IKN Authority which are still weak in supervision, financing schemes that are vulnerable to conflicts of interest, and the implementation of IKN development where the procurement of goods still has the potential to give rise to bribery and conflicts of interest. This makes the development of IKN not in line with the principles of good governance. So, to prevent potential corruption in IKN development, better prevention optimization is needed in these three aspects, both in the preparation of clauses in regulations and the formation of institutions. It is hoped that this will enable the IKN project to run efficiently, effectively, and without corrupt practices occurring.

Kazakh-European trade and economic relations

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes Kazakh-European trade and economic relations from 2012 to 2021, aiming to elucidate the dynamics, trends, and strategic implications of these bilateral interactions. The primary purpose of this research is to scrutinize the dynamics of Kazakhstan's trade and economic interactions with European countries, assessing the trends, challenges, and opportunities within this framework. Employing a methodology that combines analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive reasoning, and statistical methods including ABC analysis in MS Excel, the study provides a comprehensive examination of Kazakhstan's trade volumes, exports, imports, and foreign direct investments with European countries. It was revealed that for the countries of Europe, the indicators of the volume of trade, exports, and imports, gross investments showed a greater drop than in the economy. Summarized information characterizing the institutional aspect of the formation of relations between Kazakhstan and European states highlights Kazakhstan's active participation in international organizations as a key driver in developing these relationships. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and business stakeholders, highlighting the need for strategic approaches in optimizing trade and investment relations between Kazakhstan and Europe.

A Comprehensive Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Removal Options for Germany

AbstractTo reach their net‐zero targets, countries will have to compensate hard‐to‐abate CO2 emissions through carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Yet, current assessments rarely include socio‐cultural or institutional aspects or fail to contextualize CDR options for implementation. Here we present a context‐specific feasibility assessment of CDR options for the example of Germany. We assess 14 CDR options, including three chemical carbon capture options, six options for bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and five options that aim to increase ecosystem carbon uptake. The assessment addresses technological, economic, environmental, institutional, social‐cultural and systemic considerations using a traffic‐light system to evaluate implementation opportunities and hurdles. We find that in Germany CDR options like cover crops or seagrass restoration currently face comparably low implementation hurdles in terms of technological, economic, or environmental feasibility and low institutional or social opposition but show comparably small CO2 removal potentials. In contrast, some BECCS options that show high CDR potentials face significant techno‐economic, societal and institutional hurdles when it comes to the geological storage of CO2. While a combination of CDR options is likely required to meet the net‐zero target in Germany, the current climate protection law includes a limited set of options. Our analysis aims to provide comprehensive information on CDR hurdles and possibilities for Germany for use in further research on CDR options, climate, and energy scenario development, as well as an effective decision support basis for various actors.

The Construction of School Culture under the Background of Chinese Modernization: Dilemma and Outlet

In the process of China's modernization, the construction of school culture has gone through five stages, from the introduction of western educational ideas in the incubation period to the subsequent exploration period and the new stage of connotative development, school culture has always been closely linked with the modernization of education and mutually promoting each other. The material, institutional and spiritual aspects of school culture provide a solid foundation, a strong guarantee and a strong driving force for educational modernization. Meanwhile, the advancement of educational modernization also enriches the connotation of school culture. At present, there are many phenomena in the construction of school culture, such as the dislocation of the school main body, the wavering of the cultural foundation, the multiple deviation of the tendency, the distortion of the construction path, the weak quality support, the lack of development impetus, the impact of the change of time, and the prominent cultural crisis. In view of these difficulties, we should clarify the goal, practice the original intention, deepen the connotation, strengthen the quality, stimulate the motivation, adapt to the change, and resolve the crisis.

북한 근로단체 간에 나타난 오더링(Ordering)과 네이밍(Naming)의 정치

In order to maintain social tension through competition, North Korea is mixing ‘the politics of ordering’ that clarifies the order between members or (groups) and ‘the politics of naming’ that gives the higher stratified meaningful names. In this paper, this was examined through North Korea’s four major labor organizations: the Youth League, the Women's League, the Vocational Union, and the Agricultural Workers' Union. First of all, the Joseon Labor party's dominance over the four major Labor Organizations was examined in terms of institutional and historical aspects. Among the Labor Organizations, it was clear through the order of holding their conferences that there was a cutting-edge distinction between the “Youth Alliance“ as a power-favored group and “the Other Labor Organizations“ as a power-marginalized group. In addition, even within “the Other Labor Organizations,” the status of each Labor Organization was changing over time depending on the power relationship with the supreme leader or his perception of the organizational situation. Additionally, North Korea's Youth Alliance has twice included the glorious name of their supreme leaders in its organizational name such as the “Kim Il-sung Socialist Youth Alliance” and the “Kim Il-sung-Kim Jong-il Youth Alliance” while other Labor Organizations have never been bestowed until now. And recently, the status and role of the Women's Alliance have also been raised as its name was changed into the “Socialist Women's League“ at the Kim Jong-un period. It is necessary to recognize that North Korea's Ordering and Naming politics play a basic role of system enhancement, but at the same time, also have an inherent property of system dissolution in terms of class conflict.

뉴스 빅데이터 분석을 통해 본 지역사회 갈등과 갈등 해소를 위한 민원배심제 운영

In this study, we reviewed the literature on community conflict and conflict mediation and performed empirical study with LDA-based topic modeling to understand conflict patterns in Suseong-gu, Daegu, and then analyzed cases of conflict mediation through the civil jury system. It was conducted based on analysis of civil complaint jury minutes for about 10 years (April 28, 2011 - July 3, 2019) and news data from the same period. From this, the implications of the civil jury system as a community conflict management mechanism were presented through an understanding of complex and multidimensional conflicts in the community. The main concepts of the Citizens' Jury System identified in the study consist of three components. Firstly, there are conflicting parties seeking understanding, followed by the forum of communication, which could be referred to as the “public sphere,” created through complaints arbitration meetings to facilitate dialogue. Lastly, there is the neutral third-party group who mediate to induce agreement among conflicting parties and thereby reduce or resolve conflicts. The process of the Citizens' Jury meetings not only prevents the polarization of conflicting groups but also holds significant implications beyond the institutional aspect of conflict resolution, including rational mediation by a third party well-versed in local community affairs, overcoming/solving rational ignorance through information sharing in the conflict public sphere, voluntary participation by complaints arbitrators, and compliance with arbitration decisions, contributing to the augmentation of social capital and effective conflict resolution.

Adaptive Capacity of Fishermen in Facing Tidal Floods with Vulnerability to Viability (V2V) Approach

Tambakrejo’s small-scale fishing households have low socio-economic capabilities and must face the problem of tidal flooding. Therefore, this research has the following objectives: 1) To identify the vulnerability of fishing households in Tambakrejo Fishermen Village to social-ecological changes due to tidal flooding. 2) To investigate the adaptive responses of fishermen households in facing socio-ecological changes due to tidal flooding. This research uses primary data by using semi-structured interviews. The number of respondents in the study was 60, determined by the snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The results of the research show that the community is vulnerable to both natural and institutional aspects. Adaptive responses shape community resilience through increased collaboration capacity and community learning capacity. This research contributes to the government's ability to distribute assistance to the community, especially fishing households affected by tidal flooding.

Academic Adjustment of Freshmen in Cambodian Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review

First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pre-university enrollment, and the experiences are typically highlighted as challenges that will be concentrated significantly in this systematic literature review. This systematic literature review critically synthesizes 20 published articles from 2014 to 2023 on the academic adjustment of first-year students in Cambodian higher education institutions. The qualitative study methods and exploratory design are used, and researchers compiled and evaluated relevant literature focusing on challenges faced by first-year students, factors influencing adjustment, strategies for academic adjustment, and outcomes of adjustment interventions. Data were gathered from reliable databases, and articles meeting predefined criteria were subjected to thematic analysis using Clark and Braunne's Thematic Analysis model. Findings highlight first-year students' challenges, such as academic performance, social identity issues, financial constraints, and language barriers. Factors influencing adjustment include social, personal-emotional, and institutional aspects, underlining the significance of social support and coping strategies. Strategies for academic adjustment focus on effective time management, utilizing support services, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Intervention outcomes aim to enhance first-year students' retention rates, mental health, and academic success. Qualitative research emerged as the predominant approach, enabling researchers to understand nuanced experiences and perspectives.

Riau Province’s land and forest governance: The tendency of budget information transparency among Riau’s 12 regencies

Information transparency is a basic principle of good governance that few studies in the literature have thoroughly examined. Riau Province in particular has a high record of land and forest conflicts that needs urgent response, yet environmental policies have mostly been scrutinized for its resource extraction and regulation aspects, not their aspect of information transparency. Low proactive disclosure of information from local governments is a recurring issue in Riau Province, so FITRA Riau initiated the Public Information Openness Index (IKIP) to cover the Riau Province and 12 regencies/cities. To address this research gap of governmental public bodies’ information transparency, this study conducted the novel substantive approach critical review to see the extent of local government’s transparency regarding their budgeting for one of Riau’s most prevalent issues, namely land and forest governance (TKHL). From March to September 2019, this study used a triangulation of data collected from information access tests, IKIP evaluation, and focus group discussion involving the Riau Information Commission, the Information Management and Documentation Officers (PPID) of the 12 regencies, and the Governor of Riau Province. After analyzing the four aspects of regulation, institution, budget, and TKHL information, results determined that the most open region in Riau Province is Indragiri Hulu, and the least open region is Kuantan Singingi. Information transparency is still limited in procedural terms, in which all regions have more or less fulfilled the administrative regulation demands but the substance of the public information across all aspects is too generic to truly inform the public of the regions’ TKHL.

The Role of the Financial Services Authority as a Strategic Partner for the Progress of the Indonesian Capital Market

The Indonesian capital market still faces several obstacles, including relatively low growth rates, limited access to finance, and significant financial risks. Financial services authorities can become strategic partners that encourage capital market growth and stability by innovating products and services, increasing financial access, and collaborating with other parties. This research uses a descriptive type of research with a literature review and reading sources related to the research collected using the literature review research method. This research aims to explore the role of financial services authorities as strategic partners in supporting the progress of the capital market in Indonesia. Based on various sources and theories, it can be concluded that as a supervisory authority, the OJK regulates and supervises institutional, prudential and sound aspects and carries out inspections of financial institutions to ensure that each financial institution is healthy and able to serve the public interest. OJK regulations apply to the issuance of operating permits for stock exchanges, clearing and guarantee institutions, investment fund custodians and settlement agents, securities companies, investment advisors, securities bureaus and other legal entities. OJK also collaborates with various related parties, including educational institutions, the financial industry and the government, to encourage innovation in the Indonesian capital market. The impact of this OJK partnership can help mitigate community losses due to errors by capital market players.

Means of Human Rights Activities by the State

The paper defines the author’s approach to the concept, types, and features of the means of human rights activity of the State. The paper analyses the question of the correlation between the categories of «goals» and «means» from the point of view of various philosophical movements. The author has examined the correlation between the following concepts: means, methods, tools, legal means and human rights means. It is proposed to consider human rights tools in philosophical, institutional and instrumental aspects. The analysis of the means of state human rights activity enshrined in legislation is carried out, their signs and classification are proposed. It is shown that it is the availability of appropriate tools and their professional application that gives the state human rights activity an effective character and distinguishes it from other types of human rights protection. The analysis made it possible to conclude about the need to increase the consistency of the means of state human rights work. Proposals have been developed to improve normative legal regulation in the context of the development of public human rights activities.

Strategy of Productive Waqf Utilization as a Medium for Food Security in Indonesia: An AHP Approach

This study aims to determine the problems that exist in the use of waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia and the priority solutions for the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia in terms of institutional, infrastructure, financial, community and government aspects. this is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study used seven expert respondents representing academics, practitioners and regulators who were asked to assess the problems and solutions for the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia. Based on the opinion of respondents, the biggest problem in the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia is the lack of socialization to the public regarding productive waqf as a medium for food security. The priority solutions in this research are waqf institutions and the government need to collaborate in implementing productive waqf utilization as a medium for food security in Indonesia. Furthermore, in general the aspect that is considered the most problematic is the government aspect, while the priority for solutions is the institutional aspect. Therefore, in the use of productive waqf as a medium for food security in Indonesia, the public needs to increase their understanding of productive waqf as a medium for food security, the government needs to collaborate with waqf institutions and farmer groups as well as waqf institutions need to improve their professionalism.

STUDENT SUCCESS COACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Student success coaching has emerged as a vital support mechanism in higher education. It aims to bolster academic performance, personal development, and overall well-being. This paper reviews the literature on student success coaching and synthesizes existing research to illuminate its evolving landscape. The review delves into the nature of student success coaching, characterized by personalized guidance, frequent interactions, and a focus on individual students’ needs. Definitions and models of student success coaching are explored, addressing students’ diverse aspirations and challenges. Trends in student success coaching underscore its effectiveness in integrating students into academic and social aspects of postsecondary institutions, thereby breaking down barriers to success. Coaching interventions encompass goal setting, academic planning, and connection to resources, all geared toward facilitating student achievement. This paper identifies areas for further research, emphasizing the need to explore the effectiveness of coaching across diverse student populations and its long-term impact beyond immediate academic outcomes. Additionally, institutional factors and the role of technology in enhancing coaching programs are proposed as avenues for future inquiry.

Analyzing institutional factors influencing the national innovation system

Purpose While extant literature explores the influence of institutions on the national innovation system (NIS), most research has either focused on specific institutional aspects or treated institutions as a unified entity. This study aims to examine the effect of various institutional factors on a country’s NIS. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model was empirically validated using regression analysis. The study sample comprised a total of 84 countries. Findings This study identifies and empirically validates a comprehensive set of institutional factors. It also highlights the significant institutional factors (including political stability, government effectiveness, ease of resolving insolvency and the rule of law) that can help improve a country’s NIS. Originality/value The research provides practical implications for organizations and policymakers seeking to understand and foster an innovative culture within the NIS. Policymakers are encouraged to develop a nurturing environment within the NIS by focusing on significant institutional factors. Organizations are encouraged to closely monitor developments in the NIS of a country to make informed strategic decisions at the business, corporate and international levels.

Determinants of Public Service Delivery of Local Governments: The Case of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

In an effort to enhance local governance and public service delivery in Ethiopia's Amhara Region, this study embarks on a comprehensive investigation into the myriad factors influencing public service delivery. It fills a critical gap in existing literature by examining the combined impact of institutional, economic, political, environmental, and legal determinants on public service efficacy. This study is significant for its in-depth exploration of local administration dynamics, vital for regional development in the socioeconomically diverse Amhara Region. Employing a quantitative methodology for a holistic view of local governance. Regression analysis used to scrutinize patterns and correlations within the data, offering an empirical understanding of various factors' influence on service provision. The findings are enlightening Institutional, economic, political and legal aspects are found to significantly and positively impact service delivery. Although environmental factors seem less significant in quantitative terms. This study advocates for integrated governance strategies that holistically encompass these various determinants. It underscores the importance of developing comprehensive policies and enhancing governance, acknowledging both overt and subtle influences on service delivery. The research contributes significantly to the field, offering in-depth insights essential for formulating inclusive, effective policies. In summary, this research provides pivotal insights into governance dynamics in the Amhara Region, offering a detailed framework for policymakers. It underscores the need for comprehensive, inclusive strategies that are crucial for improving service delivery and fostering socioeconomic development in the region. Thus, this study serves as an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand and enhance public service delivery in diverse socioeconomic contexts, offering guidance for effective governance and policy development.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM IN THE KENDARI CITY GOVERNMENT

The whistleblowing system is becoming an increasingly utilized tool worldwide to prevent and detect current violations. However, its implementation is not easy, as individuals require a sense of security and safety guarantees to be willing to participate in preventing violations and corruption. Therefore, adequate structures and processes are needed for its implementation. Kendari City is the only local government in the Southeast Sulawesi Province region that has implemented a whistleblowing system in its administration. This research aims to analyze the structure, mechanisms, and procedures of the whistleblowing system that has been implemented using best practices established by the Deputy of Investigation at the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing document studies, observations, and interviews with individuals involved or directly engaged in implementing the whistleblowing system in the Kendari City government. The results indicate that the whistleblowing system implementation’s structure, mechanisms, and procedures have adhered to best practices in policy and institutional aspects as per the Technical Guidance Guidelines for the Implementation of the Thematic Fraud Control Plan System and Internal Whistleblowing Behavior.

A qualitative study of career decision making among African and Asian international medical students in China: process, challenges, and strategies.

China hosts around 68,000 international medical students (IMSs) primarily from lower income countries in Africa and Asia, who have the potential to contribute to international medical services. Understanding how these IMSs make career decisions can help better address the issue of global medical workforce shortage. However, such research is limited. Our study aims to explore the career decision-making process of China-educated IMSs, the challenges they experienced and the strategies they employed.In this exploratory qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with IMSs educated in China in 2022 using purposeful sampling. Twenty virtual one-on-one interviews were conducted, and data were analysed through directed qualitative content analysis. Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) theory was applied as the guiding framework for organising and analysing the data.The career decision-making process of the participants generally followed the stages of decision-making cycle in CIP theory, with a combination of urgent migration decisions and specialisation considerations adding layers of complexity to their career trajectories. Identified challenges encompassed lack of knowledge about oneself and career options, lack of decision-making skills, concerns of contextual complexities that limited the career decision-making process, low motivation and negative thoughts. Specific challenges due to their role as IMSs arose, which were related to career information access, self-capability evaluation, degree accreditation, employment competitiveness and mental states. Participants' proposed strategies were categorised into personal and institutional aspects, providing insights into addressing these challenges.This study substantiates and expands the application of the CIP theory within the sphere of the particular cultural and educational context of IMSs educated in China. It highlights the significance of integrating migration decision-making into career guidance for IMSs, and contributes to the literature by proposing an evidence-based tiered career intervention programme for IMSs.

Public Service Policy in The Form of Civil Registration

Purpose: to determine and analyze the implementation of public services at the Population Service and the obstacles to implementing public services at the Population and Civil Registration Service of North Toraja Regency. Methode: juridical-normative sourced from primary and secondary materials which are analyzed qualitatively by describing descriptively the results of the relevant data and cases studied. Research results: the implementation of public services in issuing population documents in North Toraja Regency has not been optimal, this can be seen in three things, including: population registration, civil registration and population document data. The public service process in issuing population documents has not been fully implemented by residents, the data exchange that occurs in population documents and the many procedures for public services in issuing population documents that are not implemented, and the obstacles to implementing public services at the Population and Civil Registration Service of North Toraja Regency , namely legal basis aspects, institutional aspects, human resource (HR) constraints, lack of budget, and low public awareness, as well as lack of socialization regarding government regulations. Research implications: Public services in civil registration make it easier for the government to register every citizen in an orderly and orderly manner, increasing the recruitment of competent and proportional resources will support good and sustainable services. Originality/value: In the above context, the government is expected to prioritize effective services and recruit competent employees in the field of public services.

Design of a Basic Analytical Framework for Human Capital, Public Goods and Institutions Based on Linguistic Economics

In the paper, we analyze and demonstrate the economic nature of language from the aspects of human capital, public goods and institutions, and put forward three topics in the field of Language Economics: language human capital; Language is a kind of public goods; Language is a system. As human capital, it is one of the important factors that determine people's employment and income in the labor market. It is closely related to people's social and economic activities and economic conditions; As a public product, language can directly affect the choice and formulation of language policy; As a system, language not only affects the transaction cost, but also affects the effectiveness of other institutional arrangements. As far as the existing research is concerned, the research on proposition 1 has become a very mature field of language economics. The research on propositions 2 and 3 has just started, but the prospect is very broad. This is worth studying. It is reasonable to believe that the follow-up research of language economics is usually based on or supported by these three arguments. In this sense, they can be used as the basis of linguistic economic analysis.