Institutional Policies Research Articles

Lack of theoretical and practical knowledge, work overload, and inadequate institutional resources for the use of the Nursing Process

The Nursing Process (NP) and the Systematization of Nursing Care (SNC) are essential to ensure high-quality, personalized, and evidence-based nursing care, especially in high-complexity settings such as Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Objetive: to analyze the main challenges and strategies in the implementation of the Nursing Process in ICUs. Method: To achieve this, an integrative literature review was conducted, following the PRISMA checklist, with articles published between 2014 and 2024, available in the databases Virtual Health Library, SciELO, and CAPES. The descriptors used were: "nursing process," "nursing care," and "intensive care units." Original and review articles addressing the topic in ICUs were included, excluding duplicate articles or those unrelated to the ICU setting. Results: The results indicated that the main challenges include a lack of theoretical and practical knowledge among nurses, work overload, and inadequate institutional resources, compromising the quality of care and patient safety. On the other hand, promising strategies, such as continuous training, the use of information technology, and the introduction of NP in academic training, were shown to be effective in improving adherence to the process. Conclusion: It is concluded that the implementation of NP and SNC in ICUs faces significant challenges, but these can be overcome with appropriate strategies, such as revising nursing curricula and developing institutional policies that encourage the consistent application of these practices, contributing to improved clinical outcomes and patient safety.

Bridging the gap: advancing gender equality in medical research.

Gender inequality in medical research persists globally, hindering scientific innovation and social equity. Despite incremental progress, women remain underrepresented in authorship, funding, and leadership roles. This review explores the extent of gender disparities, their impact, and strategies to advance equity in the field. We conducted a narrative review of studies retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on gender disparities in authorship, research funding, leadership, and editorial representation across regions and disciplines. Women are consistently underrepresented in medical research, with disparities in publication rates, grant awards, and conference participation. Key barriers include implicit biases, structural inequities, and socio-cultural norms. Promising interventions, such as targeted funding policies and mentorship programs, show potential but require broader adoption and evaluation. Addressing gender inequality in medical research demands comprehensive reforms in academic evaluation, funding systems, and institutional policies, alongside sustained efforts to challenge societal biases.

Challenges of implementing ChatGPT on education: Systematic literature review

Since its launch in 2022, ChatGPT has sparked considerable interest in higher education, raising debates about its benefits, challenges, and ethical implications. This systematic literature review, spanning January 2019 to January 2024, analyzes 42 articles from Web of Science and Scopus to identify key opportunities and challenges in its academic integration. Four core issues emerge: (a) technological integration and obsolescence, emphasizing the need for scalable, modular infrastructures; (b) personalization and equity, focusing on the balance between individualized learning and avoiding algorithmic bias; (c) data quality and security, highlighting the importance of transparent data management and robust encryption to protect sensitive information; and (d) ethics and human-AI collaboration, stressing the importance of institutional policies and continuous teacher intervention to ensure responsible and effective use. This study advances the discourse by recommending sustainable strategies for AI adoption, including professional development and fairness audits, while underscoring the critical role of human oversight in maximizing ChatGPT's educational impact. Ultimately, it offers actionable insights for institutions to align AI use with ethical principles and long-term educational goals.

Systemic family engagement to preserve and reunify families: Lessons from the U.S. and Chile

Family engagement is key to preserving and reunifying child-welfare involved families. Yet, despite legislation that requires child welfare agencies to make “reasonable efforts” in the United States (U.S.) and to restitute a child’s right to live with their family in Chile, there continue to be deficiencies to meaningfully engaging families. Via historical marginalization and exclusion of some groups, we argue that the state has created and perpetuated conditions that result in racial, socioeconomic, and geospatial disparities among child welfare decision-making points including substantiations, foster care entries, and reunifications. Using the U.S. and Chile as two case examples, we critically analyze the emergence and evolution of child welfare in conjunction with relevant institutional and systemic policies that disadvantage entire groups or communities and then continue to perpetuate emotional neglect once children are in care. Through this analysis, we argue that there is a need to address structural barriers that impede family engagement, preservation, and reunification, and structural factors that lead to the root causes of child maltreatment referrals. As more federal policies shift to preventing child maltreatment, we propose a multilevel, structural approach to identify community strengths and needs that could better support family preservation and reunification, and build community-wide resilience and wellbeing, while also advocating for structural changes to policies and practices that could enhance equity.

Narratives of Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers in the Use of Authentic Assessment

The study aimed to explore the narratives of teachers in the Philippine educational context. It focused on understanding the strategies implemented by teachers, the responses of students to strategy applied, the difficulties encountered by teachers, and how students responded to authentic assessment execution difficulties. By examining these elements through a phenomenological research design, this research interviewed 13 Junior High School teachers from the Division of Cabuyao. In order to select the right informants and participants for the study, the used of Criterion Sampling Method was utilized. This method is a subtype of Purposive Sampling Method used in research to select individuals based on specific predetermined criteria or characteristics. After gathering the data from the participants, a thematic analysis was done to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The inquiry sought to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state and challenges of authentic assessment in schools in Cabuyao, Laguna, Philippines. The findings revealed that teachers employed a variety of authentic assessment strategies aimed at fostering deeper learning and critical thinking skills among students. These strategies included performance-based assessments, project-based learning, and real-world problem-solving tasks. Students generally responded positively to these methods, showing increased engagement and improved learning outcomes. However, the study also highlighted significant challenges faced by teachers, such as limited resources, large class sizes, and a lack of professional development opportunities. There were also issues expressed in terms of curriculum alignment and support. These difficulties posed hindrances in the effective implementation of authentic assessments. While authentic assessment strategies offered the potential in enhancing student learning, their successful implementation requires addressing the systemic and individual challenges faced by educators. There is a need for increased support in terms of resources, training, and institutional policies to fully realize the benefits of authentic assessment. The findings underscore the importance of a supportive educational environment that empowers teachers to innovate and apply effective assessment methods that cater to the diverse needs of students.

Conceptualization of state policy regarding economic security and sustainable development of the economy

The article clarified that the state policy in the field of economic security can be considered as a process of adopting legislative acts or management decisions regarding stable and significant economic growth; effective satisfaction of economic needs; state control over the movement and use of national resources; protection of the country’s economic interests at both the national and international levels and further control over the implementation of such strategic directions, which is determined by the state leadership and implemented by the authorized subjects of the public administration, as well as organizing the purposeful influence of the authorized subjects of the public administration on public relations in the field of economic security with the help of normatively determined forms and methods. The goal of state regulation is to optimize the level of economic security, which involves achieving a balance between savings and investments, as well as ensuring macroeconomic stability. This includes supporting sustainable economic growth and creating favorable economic and legal conditions for business entities. In accordance with the tasks of state policy in the field of ensuring the economic security of the state, its subspecies are regulatory and institutional policy, policy of ensuring the economic rights of citizens, policy of the development of the national economy and economic relations, policy of digitization of economic relations, ensuring economic and financial literacy of the population, as well as law enforcement policy in the field of economic security. It is emphasized that the principles of the state policy of sustainable development of the economy are divided into general principles that can be applied to most spheres of socio-political and socio-economic life of the state, as well as organizational principles that characterize the subject and spatial components of the formation and implementation of state policy in the sphere of ensuring economic state security. It was established that the existence of the Ukrainian economy in a state of crisis requires the implementation at the state level of a system-complex program of actions, an institutional concept of economic security in the system of the updated economic strategy of Ukraine, aimed at the sustainable development of the state economy, revival of economic potential, increasing the level of national security and its economic component, determination of destabilizing factors, localization of their negative impact, implementation of preventive measures, timely compensation of deviations from the normal state, which necessitates further scientific developments in this direction.

A scoping review of communal rangelands management in southern Africa: towards sustainable management of rangelands

This paper investigates the impacts of policy and governance institutions on rangeland management practices in southern Africa. A scoping review was conducted, using literature from Web of Science, JSTOR, Scopus and Africa-wide bibliographic databases in the past three decades. The results revealed that several initiatives have been implemented in southern Africa to improve the condition of rangelands, including livestock destocking policies, grazing schemes, improved forage grasses, veld legume reinforcement, high-market beef value chains and agroforestry technology. However, the success of these initiatives has been limited due to a lack of meaningful participation in rangeland management. Moreover, the absence of responsive policies to support communal rangeland management in southern Africa has led to their transformation into unsustainable systems. Additionally, commercial interests often drive national-level policies and tend to disempower traditional institutions, causing conflicts and discord in rangeland management. Therefore, unrolling participatory bottom-up approaches will be essential for inclusive and sustainable rangeland management.

Confronting gendered racism: Rethinking maladaptive behaviours of African American women pursuing doctoral degrees at predominantly White institutions

AbstractThis phenomenological study critiques the limited understanding of how African American women confront gendered racism at one predominantly white institution in the United States. It also challenges the disciplinary conversation around maladaptive behaviours, which often attributes the onus and blame to the individual. Rather than replicate or perpetuate deficit‐oriented frameworks or analysis of African American women's behaviours, this research counters the narrative of maladaptive behaviours as merely personal failures, arguing instead that these behaviours are responses to a gendered and racist system. The authors draw from Black feminist thought and self‐efficacy theory to examine the ways in which African American women in doctoral programmes may perceive and respond to racist environments and circumstances that could prevent their persistence and achievements. Findings suggest that African American women in doctoral programmes exhibit maladaptive behaviours such as avoidance, anticipatory rejection, negative self‐talk, and survival mode when coping with gendered racism in university environments. These strategies may have sufficed earlier in the academic careers of African American women; however, due to the specialised nature of doctoral study, the overutilisation of these tactics and behaviours may be impacting individuals maladaptively. Furthermore, the long‐term effects of continuous maladaptive behaviours can have further implications for the individual and collective success of African American women in academia. Given the multifaceted nature of African American women, this study seeks to expand knowledge about their actions and behaviours in response to systemic challenges. It calls for a reorientation of our understanding of maladaptation. Context and implicationRationale for this studyThis study explores the maladaptive behaviours of African American women in doctoral programmes at predominantly white institutions (PWIs), focusing on how gendered racism influences these behaviours.Why the new findings matterThe findings illuminate the specific ways in which gendered racism fosters maladaptive behaviours, which in turn affect the psychological well‐being and academic success of African American women.Implications for practitioners, policy‐makers, and academic institutionsThe study underscores the urgent need for systemic changes within academic environments to support African American women effectively. It calls for institutions to not only recognise but actively address the root causes of gendered racism. By doing so, they can dismantle the structures that perpetuate these challenges and foster a more inclusive and supportive educational landscape. This involves reevaluating institutional policies, enhancing support mechanisms, and integrating comprehensive training for faculty members and staff to understand and combat gendered racism. Ultimately, this approach aims to transform academic cultures to ensure that African American women can thrive without resorting to maladaptive coping strategies.

Mechanism of Population Outflow and Ecological Pressure Reflux in China’s Pastoral Area: S-C Gacha’s Case

In China’s rural areas, as populations flow into cities, dependence on land has significantly decreased, leading to widespread land abandonment; however, the relationship between population and land in pastoral areas differs. This study conducted a five-year tracking survey on Sunite Right Banner in Xilingol League (Inner Mongolia), where macro data and in-depth home interviews were used for the mechanisms’ analysis. The findings demonstrate that the pastoral regions’ ecological pressure has increased with population immigration. There are several factors influencing such interaction between people and rangeland: First is the cost mechanism. The increasing cost of livestock production leads herders to increase their reliance on grazing rental systems to increase the number of livestock. The grazing rental system generates income for those migrating to adjacent urban regions. Second is the institutional mechanism. The “three-separating property right systems”, a recent rural land institutional reform policy, has marketized rural individualized rangelands, leading herders to focus more on the exchange value of rangelands rather than the use value, including ecological functions. Consequently, both lessors and lessees engage in high-intensity utilization of their individualized grazing lands. Third is the natural mechanism. Climate fluctuations influence herders’ migration patterns, prompting them to leave and return to grazing lands. These ecological dynamics force herders to oscillate between survival and development, intensifying pressure on the grasslands during favorable years and preventing them from recovering while increasing the occurrence of poor years, such as droughts. Fourth is the consumption mechanism. Herders who have migrated to urban regions must continue relying on rangeland resources to sustain their livelihoods. However, lower economic outputs of livestock production hardly catch up with the higher consumption levels in urban regions, which leads migrated herders to increase their pressure on rural rangelands. The final factor is a combination of the previous four mechanisms. The interplay between these previously mentioned four mechanisms encouraged higher herder population outflow, though their reliance on rangeland resources has continued. Based on the results, we argue that these dynamic relations between rural population change and land use patterns are becoming common issues across pastoral regions in Inner Mongolia, demanding innovative solutions.

Conciencia y participación frente a la diversidad sexual y de género en estudiantes y docentes de contaduría pública

This research analyzes the awareness and participation of students with sexual and gender diversity of the night shift of the Public Accounting program of the University of Quindío (Armenia, Colombia) in the year 2022. Thus, the regulations and laws that support or promote inclusion in higher education institutions, the existence of inclusive content on the subject in the institution and the program is described, and the level of awareness and participation of students and teachers of the Program is consulted. The methodology is mixed, of a descriptive type and a inductive method, it uses as collection instruments the structured interview with experts, and a structured survey of students and teachers. Among the results, it is highlighted that the institution has an institutional policy in the process of development and application, for this reason, the area of institutional well-being promotes diversity and inclusion through courses, workshops, talks, among others, although with a scope limited. The existing contents are institutional but scarce, the program does not have its own contents or work routes. The level of awareness among students and teachers of the program is high, but participation is low. It is concluded that there is a willingness to work on these issues, it is necessary to rethink the way of understanding and addressing sexual and gender diversity, there is the possibility of increasing efforts in the participation of the academic community and generating social impact through a profession of economic approach that can permeate the context with their students.

부모의 부정적 양육태도와 청소년 학업 무기력의 관계: 스마트폰 과의존과 자아존중감의 조절된 매개효과

Objectives This study aimed to examine whether smartphone overdependence mediates the relationship between negative parenting attitudes and academic helplessness, and wthether self-esteem moderates this relationship. Methods The analysis was conducted using data from the 5th wave (2022) of the ‘Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018(KCYPS 2018)’ focusing on 8th-grade students, as investigated by the National Youth Policy Institute. The study utilized SPSS 27.0 and SPSS Macro Process to examine descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, mediating effects, moderating effects, and moderated mediation effects regarding negative parenting attitudes, academic helplessness, smartphone overdependence, and self-esteem. Results The research findings are as follows: First, negative parenting attitudes were positively correlated with academic helplessness and smartphone overdependence, and negatively correlated with self-esteem. Second, a partial mediating effect of smartphone overdependence was identified in the relationship between negative parenting attitudes and academic helplessness. Third, the moderating effect of self-esteem was observed in the influence of negative parenting attitudes on smartphone overdependence. Fourth, a moderated mediation effect of smartphone overdependence and self-esteem was identified in the relationship between negative parenting attitudes and academic helplessness. Conclusions This study examined the impact of negative parenting attitudes on adolescents’ academic helplessness and smartphone overdependence, highlighting the protective role of self-esteem and emphasizing the need for support for adolescents. Based on the findings the significance of the study was discussed, along with its limitations and suggestions for future research directions.

부모의 부정적 양육태도가 청소년의 사이버 비행에 미치는 영향: 그릿과 공격성의 이중매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the dual mediating effects of grit and aggression on the relationship between adolescents’ perceptions of negative parenting attitudes and cyber delinquency. Methods The data were drawn from 2,590 first-year middle school students participating in the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS 2018) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute of Korea. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, and Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between variables. To verify the dual mediation effects of grit and aggression on the relationship between negative parenting attitudes and cyber delinquency, Hayes’ (2022) PROCESS Macro 4.0, model 6, was used. Results First, the correlation analysis revealed that negative parenting attitudes, as perceived by adolescents, negatively influenced grit and positively influenced aggression and cyber delinquency. Grit negatively affected both aggression and cyber delinquency, while aggression positively influenced cyber delinquency. Second, grit and aggression were found to have significant mediating effects on the relationship between negative parenting attitudes and cyber delinquency. Lastly, grit and aggression demonstrated significant dual mediating effects in this relationship. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of improving parenting attitudes to prevent cyber delinquency among adolescents. Additionally, the study highlights the need for educational intervention programs aimed at fostering grit and reducing aggression to support the healthy development of adolescents.

Spiritual Care Experiences of Nurses Caring for Gynecologic Cancer Patients in Türkiye: A Qualitative Research.

The study aimed to examine the spiritual care experiences of nurses caring for gynecologic cancer patients. The study was conducted using a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. Nurses caring for gynecologic cancer patients were included in the study. In sample selection, the criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used, and the sample size was ten nurses. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect the data. Content analysis was performed using the MAXQDA package program. The study was written based on the COREQ checklist. The nurses' statements determined themes, sub-themes, and codes in line with the research findings. Accordingly, four themes were identified as "spiritual care practices," "emotional effects of spiritual care," "factors affecting spiritual care," and "recommendations to improve spiritual care".In line with the findings obtained, it is recommended that in-service training should be provided to nurses caring for gynecologic cancer patients to provide spiritual care at a professional level. Moreover, the excessive workload caused by working conditions should be reduced, and regulations and institutional policies should be established to increase the number of nurses.

Governance and Leadership in Advancing Entrepreneurial Universities: Exploring Awareness and Change Dynamics in South Africa

This research explores the role of awareness, as framed by the ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) change management model, in driving the transformation of South African higher education institutions (HEIs) into Entrepreneurial Universities (EnU). The study focuses on the critical question of whether raising awareness of entrepreneurship among academics can catalyse transformative changes within universities, fostering an entrepreneurial mindset and practices across the institution. In the context of South Africa’s socio-economic challenges, such as high unemployment and inequality, entrepreneurial universities are seen as key drivers of innovation and economic development. The research findings underscore that awareness, the foundational step of the ADKAR model, is essential for initiating the entrepreneurial shift within HEIs. Academics who are aware of the importance of entrepreneurship are more likely to engage in activities that promote innovation, student entrepreneurship, and industry collaboration. However, the study also highlights that awareness alone is insufficient for a full institutional transformation. Leadership commitment and active involvement are critical in moving beyond awareness to implement sustainable entrepreneurial initiatives. Without strong leadership that aligns institutional governance structures and policies with entrepreneurial objectives, the entrepreneurial agenda may struggle to gain traction. The research concludes that while raising awareness among academics is a necessary first step, leadership at universities must also be equipped with the skills and understanding to champion entrepreneurship at an institutional level. Comprehensive leadership training, continuous evaluation of entrepreneurial initiatives, and fostering cross-departmental and external collaborations are essential for sustaining momentum towards the full realisation of Entrepreneurial Universities in South Africa. This study contributes to the broader discourse on entrepreneurship in higher education by providing insights into the specific challenges and opportunities facing South African universities as they navigate the path towards becoming entrepreneurial institutions.

De-ethnicizing Ethiopian higher education leadership: the quest for merit-based governance

Background This study examines the growing trend of ethnicized leadership in Ethiopian higher education institutions and advocates for a shift toward merit-based governance to improve institutional integrity and performance. Since 1991, with the introduction of ethnic federalism, leadership appointments in Ethiopian universities have increasingly been based on ethnic identity rather than qualifications. This has led to governance challenges, weakened academic standards, and reduced institutional efficiency. The study highlights the need for governance reforms prioritizing meritocracy to enhance the quality and sustainability of Ethiopia’s ethnically diverse higher education system. Methods The study utilizes a qualitative research approach, combining both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with university administrators, faculty, and governance experts, while secondary data were gathered from institutional reports, government policies, and academic literature. Institutional theory, principal-agent theory, and meritocratic theory frame the analysis, providing insights into how ethnic-based leadership appointments affect university governance and performance. Results The findings reveal that ethnicized leadership has eroded governance structures, lowered academic quality, and compromised institutional efficiency. Leadership appointments based on ethnicity rather than merit have led to poor decision-making, weakened accountability, and reduced transparency. In contrast, merit-based governance improves accountability, decision-making, and institutional performance. The study emphasizes that transitioning to a meritocratic leadership model is vital for restoring institutional integrity and academic excellence in Ethiopian universities. Conclusions Ethnic federalism, while initially designed to empower regions, has politicized federal institutions, including universities, reducing them to regional entities rather than national institutions. This system of ethnicized leadership has fostered a culture of favoritism, rampant corruption, and ineffective governance, ultimately weakening Ethiopia’s higher education system. Recommendations Governance reforms that prioritize merit-based appointments are urgently needed. Legal reforms, transparent leadership selection processes, depoliticization efforts, and capacity-building initiatives are recommended to foster a meritocratic culture and improve institutional performance in Ethiopian universities.

Moral sensitivity, spiritual care perception, and compassion fatigue of nurses caring for earthquake victims.

Two major earthquakes occurred within 10hours in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023, which resulted in thousands of deaths and injured people within Turkey. To determine the relationship between moral sensitivity, spiritual care perception, and compassion fatigue among nurses caring for earthquake victims. The study population consisted of 483 nurses working in public, private, and university hospitals in earthquake-affected areas in Turkey. The sociodemographic characteristics form, moral sensitivity questionnaire, spirituality and spiritual care rating scale, and compassion fatigue short scale were used for data collection. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between nurses' moral sensitivity and compassion fatigue; in other words, as compassion fatigue increases, nurses' moral sensitivity decreases. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between nurses' perception of spiritual care and their compassion fatigue; in other words, as compassion fatigue increases, nurses' perception of spirituality and spiritual care decreases. This study provides valuable insights into moral sensitivity, perceptions of spiritual care, and compassion fatigue among nurses caring for earthquake victims. Minimizing nurses' compassion fatigue improves quality patient care, increases patient and employee satisfaction, and maintains commitment to the profession. To achieve this goal, it is essential to offer in-service training, conferences, or seminar programs to nurses focused on fostering a sense of compassion. Nurses should be provided with environments that will improve their self-care, and institutional policies and strategies should be developed to cope effectively with this situation.

Challenges of mainstreaming institutional policy and frameworks of disaster risk management in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This research examines the challenges of mainstreaming disaster risk management (DRM) policies and frameworks into the existing institutional structures in Ethiopia. Employing an exploratory sequential mixed method approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis, the study delves into the effectiveness of DRM implementation within the Ethiopian context. Primary data was mainly collected through a survey of 120 individuals and interviews with 18 experts. The findings showed that the Ethiopian sector encountered significant challenges in integrating DRM policies and frameworks due to limited resources and capacity. Implementation faced obstacles like insufficient data, coordination gaps between government agencies, and a lack of awareness among stakeholders. Additionally, frequent natural disasters exacerbate these challenges, demanding more robust and adaptive DRM strategies. The study underscores the necessity of enhancing the capacity of governmental institutions, civil society organisations, and local communities through targeted training programmes and knowledge-sharing platforms to facilitate effective DRM implementation. Moreover, the research emphasises the apparent gap related to the policies and frameworks and the imperative of strengthening institutional coordination and collaboration among relevant government ministries, agencies, and stakeholders, advocating for the establishment of inter-ministerial task forces or committees dedicated to DRM.

Sequential Dual Mediating Effects of Smartphone Dependence and Aggression on the Relationship Between Negative Parenting Attitudes and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents

ABSTRACTThis study examined the sequential dual mediating effects of negative parenting attitudes, smartphone dependence and aggression on depressive symptoms among adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. Using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method, the 2018 KCYPS comprehensively examined various aspects of the growth and development of children and adolescents. The study sample included a nationally representative sample of 2541 adolescents. PROCESS macro Model 6 was used to examine the sequential dual mediating model that not only examines the effects of negative parenting attitudes on smartphone dependence and aggression but also establishes the sequential causal relationship between smartphone dependence and aggression, ultimately confirming the direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms of adolescents. The significance of the mediation effect was verified by applying the bootstrapping method. The findings demonstrated that negative parenting attitudes increased smartphone dependence, which, in turn, elevated depressive symptoms among adolescents. Furthermore, negative parenting attitudes increased smartphone dependence, which heightened aggression, ultimately contributing to depressive symptoms among adolescents. Based on these findings, this study has practical and policy implications for preventing depressive symptoms among adolescents. Prioritizing efforts to reduce smartphone dependence and aggression among adolescents while promoting positive parenting attitudes can play a crucial role in addressing this issue.

Research on the Development of Translation Faculty in Higher Education Institutions in Guangxi's Ethnic Minority Regions from the Perspective of Educational Ecology

This study, grounded in the educational ecology theory, investigates the development of translation faculty in higher education institutions located in Guangxi’s ethnic minority regions. It examines the current status of translation faculty, identifying the key ecological factors that influence their professional growth, such as institutional policies, cultural diversity, resource availability, and broader social and environmental conditions. By analyzing these factors in detail, the research seeks to propose effective strategies that can support and enhance the professional development of translation faculty members in these regions. The study highlights the significance of understanding the ecological environment surrounding faculty development, offering both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for improving faculty support systems and creating a conducive growth environment. The findings reveal that educational ecology provides a new and valuable perspective for understanding faculty development challenges, helping to build an effective framework for fostering the growth of translation teachers in Guangxi’s ethnic minority regions.

Engagement in Extracurricular Activities: Does It Matter to Consider Students' Sense of School Belonging?

ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyse the complex connections between students' engagement in extracurricular activities (ECAs), their sense of school belonging, and the cumulative effects on their psychological well‐being and academic performance. The results based on a sample of 892 students reveal that active engagement in ECAs does not influence students' academic outcomes directly. Instead, the benefits derived from ECAs primarily manifest in non‐academic spheres, particularly in enhancing well‐being. Moreover, ECAs yield positive psychological well‐being and academic performance only when students have a low sense of school belonging. At higher levels, the positive impact of ECAs diminishes, and it may even detrimentally affect academic performance. This study offers a different viewpoint to address the dilemma surrounding ECAs and practical implications in the development of institutional policies.