Institution In South-West Nigeria Research Articles

Perceived Organizational Politics, Organizational Ethics and Employees’ Morale in Tertiary Institutions Southwest, Nigeria

The paper focuses on assessing and identifying the factors that affect the morale of employees in Tertiary Institutions in southwest Nigeria. Employee morale is a drive to keep the organization growing and achieve its objectives. However, it is imperious to improve more by thoughtful and dealing with the factors that may contribute negatively in the institutions of higher learning in Nigeria. A Descriptive approach was utilized for the paper and a questionnaire was constructed to collect data from 752 academic and non-teaching staff in southwest, Higher Institutions, Nigeria. A stratified approach method was used. All data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and the findings of the paper reveals that the level of employee morale was very low and further reveals that management support and feedback, ethics and culture of the organization, benefits, promotion processes and recognition, communication and understanding of policies as well as treatment and workload were the crucial factors affect the morale of employees. The paper recommends that institutions of higher learning in southwest Nigeria to review their own policies and ensure that all stakeholders of their institutions understand them efficiently. Similar research should be conducted in other institutions of higher learning in Nigeria as well in order to generalize or enrich the findings of the present paper which serve as a wake-up call.

Malaria Retinopathy among Under-Five Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Study

Malaria Retinopathy among Under-Five Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Study

Assessment of Serum Copper and Zinc Status in Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in A Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria

The poor prognosis and mortality in HIV infection has been associated with deficiency of micronutrients such as zinc and copper. This study aimed to investigate the level and deficiency of some trace elements in HIV-seropositive subjects receiving HAART treatment.

Histopathological Characteristics of Breast Lesions in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria; A 9-year Review

Background: The breast is affected by several diseases, including developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic. While benign breast neoplasms are usually more common, breast cancer is the most common nonskin cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women after lung cancer in the world. Objective: The review aimed to assess the histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions over a period of 9years Methods: This was a retrospective review of eight hundred and fourteen histopathologic cases of breast lesions accessed through laboratory records of all breast lesions cases seen. The demographic data were obtained and the patient’s histology slides were reviewed. The tumors were classified according to the WHO International Classification of breast tumors and Malignant breast tumors were graded according to the Nottingham grading system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The majority of breast cancer cases were seen in patients below 40 years, malignant cases were predominant in older age groups (40 – 59 years; 57.4%, 60 years and above; 23.3%) and malignancy was significantly associated with age group, p-value < 0.05. The prevailing neoplasm was Benign type (68.3%) while malignant neoplasm accounted for 30.2% and invasive ductal carcinoma (89.1%) was most prevalent. Moreso, the majority were in grade 2; 152 (76.8%) using the Nottigham grading system. However, the commonest benign neoplasm was fibroadenoma (53.7%) followed by fibrocystic change (20.1%). Conclusion: Breast lesions are common in this environment. Benign breast neoplasms are commoner than malignant diseases. One in three of every sub-Saharan woman diagnosed with malignant breast lesion may not survive five years post-diagnosis. The prognosis of breast malignancies in sub-Saharan is poor due to late Presentation, ignorance and poverty.

Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among undergraduates in a Nigerian tertiary institution, Southwest Region.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed female malignancy in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among female undergraduates in a tertiary institution in Southwest Nigeria. This cross-sectional study recruited 350 female undergraduates of a public university in southwest Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling method involving simple random sampling. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Epi info 7 was used for data analysis, level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). The majority, 316(90.3%) had poor knowledge of breast cancer and screening and 340(97.1%) had positive attitude towards screening. Only 185(52.9%) had done breast self-examination and 16(4.6%) had done clinical breast examination. The student's year of study was significantly associated with knowledge of breast cancer (p = 0.002) Marital status (p=0.039) and attitude towards breast cancer screening (p<0.001) were significantly associated with breast self-examination. Students in their third year were 6 (2 - 16) times more likely to have good knowledge of breast cancer (Adjusted Odds Ratio 5.87, Confidence Interval 2.17 - 15.86). Overall knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening were poor, but students' attitude towards screening was positive. Health education on breast cancer and screening is recommended.

Histopathological Characteristics of Breast Lesions in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A 9-year Review

Background: The breast is affected by several diseases, including developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic. While benign breast neoplasms are usually more common, breast cancer is the most common nonskin cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women after lung cancer in the world.&#x0D; Objective: The review aimed to assess the histopathological diagnosis of breast lesions over a period of 9years&#x0D; Methods: This was a retrospective review of eight hundred and fourteen histopathologic cases of breast lesions accessed through laboratory records of all breast lesions cases seen. The demographic data were obtained and the patient’s histology slides were reviewed. The tumors were classified according to the WHO International Classification of breast tumors and Malignant breast tumors were graded according to the Nottingham grading system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.&#x0D; Results: The majority of breast cancer cases were seen in patients below 40 years, malignant cases were predominant in older age groups (40 – 59 years; 57.4%, 60 years and above; 23.3%) and malignancy was significantly associated with age group, p-value &lt; 0.05. The prevailing neoplasm was Benign type (68.3%) while malignant neoplasm accounted for 30.2% and invasive ductal carcinoma (89.1%) was most prevalent. Moreso, the majority were in grade 2; 152 (76.8%) using the Nottigham grading system. However, the commonest benign neoplasm was fibroadenoma (53.7%) followed by fibrocystic change (20.1%).&#x0D; Conclusion: Breast lesions are common in this environment. Benign breast neoplasms are more commoner than malignant diseases. One in three of every sub-Saharan woman diagnosed with malignant breast lesion may not survive five years post-diagnosis. The prognosis of breast malignancies in sub-Saharan is poor due to late Presentation, ignorance, and poverty.

MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ACTIVITIES AND MICROENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

The development of micro scale business in a developing economy cannot be overstated due to the economic contribution and nature of the business. One of the challenges of micro businesses identified by scholars in developing economy like Nigeria is accessibility of funds which microfinance institutions have been saddled with that responsibility. Thus, there is need to see how the microfinance institutions are lifting to expectation. Therefore, the study investigated how the microfinance institutions activities has impacted on the micro business development in selected Southwest States in Nigeria. The study employed descriptive research design with stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected via questionnaire and 384 copies of questionnaire were administered but 297 were returned and useful for the analysis. The findings using regression analysis revealed that financial service of microfinance institutions has positive but insignificant effect on microenterprises development. Non-financial service of microfinance institutions has a positive and significant effect on microenterprises development in Southwest Nigeria. It is concluded that non-financial service influenced microenterprises development in the study. It was recommended that microfinance institutions in Southwest Nigeria should continue to offer non-financial services in terms of organizing training programs, give support to expand business, offer technical advice and give competent advice to the operators of micro scale enterprises Microfinance banks should lessen the conditions associated with their financial services to the operators of micro enterprises so that these operators may be able to access micro credit.

Influence of the use of Social-Media and Exposure to Pornography on the Sexual Behaviour of youths in selected tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria

Exposure to pornography is fraught with health and social implications. In Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on how youths have been exposed to pornography on social media (SM) and the effects of this on their sexual behaviors (SB). This study described the pattern of SM use, exposure to pornography, and the effects of this exposure on SB of young persons in southwest Nigeria. Two hundred students were randomly selected from two tertiary institutions. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire that explored the respondents’ SM usage pattern, exposure to pornography, and SB. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression. The mean age of respondents was 21.4±2.7. The SM in which most of the respondents had accounts were WhatsApp (96.7%) and Facebook (95.3%). Major sexual-related activities undertaken on SM included watching/downloading naked pictures (7.0%) and sex videos (13.5%). A majority (92.5%) of the respondents have been inadvertently exposed to pornography, and the major sources of this exposure were SM (59.3%) and web-based Internet pages (61.5%). While only 68.0% have been intentionally exposed, the major sources of exposure were SM (42.3%) and web-based Internet pages (53.3%). About half (48.5%) have experienced sexual intercourse, out of which 17.5% reported having multiple sexual partners. Recent inadvertent (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 1.25-16.4) and intentional (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.8) exposure to pornography were significantly associated with the experience of sexual intercourse. Likewise, recent intentional pornography exposure was significantly associated with having multiple sexual partners (OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.1-8.6). SM use with exposure to pornography had notable effects on SB of young persons. Effective interventions should be conducted to reduce this exposure and its associated effects among the target population.

Forensic appraisal of leg length as a predictor for determination of Nigerian students’ body height

Appraisal of body height (Bh) from leg length (LL) and other anthropometric parts of an individual is very important in the identification of human skeletal remains. The objective of this study was to develop a model for the estimation of Bhmale, Bhfemale and Bhcombined. The study was conducted in three selected tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria with a total of 324 students (162 male and 162 female) using the snowball techniques where the Bh and LL of the students were measured using stadiometer and sliding caliper. The data were analysed statistically using statistical package for social sciences v 21 software. The result showed mean values of 168.49 ± 9.19 cm of Bhmale, 168.15 ± 8.66 cm Bhfemale and 168.32±8.91 cm Bhcombined. Similarly, the mean values of 96.40±7.29 cm LLmale, 96.27±6.96 cm LLfemale and 96.33 ± 7.12 cm LLcombined were found. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination, R2 was determined as 76.0%, 19.1% and 44.3%, respectively. Three regression models were formulated to determine the Bhmale, Bhfemale and Bhcombined with LLmale, LLfemale and LLcombined as the predictors. It was concluded that this formulated model could be a veritable tool for the development of forensic anthropological studies for Nigerian student population.

Institutional Factors and Academic Staff Job Performance in Public Universities in Southwest, Nigeria

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between institutional factors and academic staff job performance in Southwest, Nigeria. The study examined the level of academic staff job performance in public universities. The study also examined the extent to which the institutional factors are favourable in the Universities. The study specifically examined relationship between institutional factors such as physical facilities and staff workload.&#x0D; Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research design of the survey type. The population of this study consisted of 12,844 Academic Staff of public universities in Southwest, Nigeria. The sample of this study consisted of 90 Heads of Departments and 900 academic staff of public universities. Multi-stage sampling procedure involving simple random sampling technique, stratified random sampling technique and proportionate random sampling technique were used in the selection of the sample for the study. Two instruments tagged ‘Institutional Factor Questionnaire (IFQ) and the Academic Staff Job Performance Questionnaire (ASJPQ)’ were used to collect data from the respondents.&#x0D; Findings: A reliability coefficient of 0.78 was obtained for the Institutional Factor Questionnaire and 0.76 was obtained for the Academic Staff Job Performance Questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using percentages, frequency count, Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. All hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that level of academic staff job performance was high in public universities in Southwest, Nigeria. It also revealed that status of institutional factors was favourable. Institutional factors variables such as physical facilities and staff workload largely determined academic staff job performance in public Universities in southwest, Nigeria.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: In view of the fact that the status of institutional factors was favourable in public universities in southwest, Nigeria, owners of public institutions in Southwest Nigeria should prioritize adequate physical infrastructure to improve the quality of teaching and research. Also, academic personnel should be assigned assignments based on competency and not overworked.

Subclinical hypothyroidism in children with idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome at a tertiary institution in South-West Nigeria.

Hypothyroidism in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is often attributed to prolonged loss of thyroxine binding globulin and thyroid hormones alongside protein in the urine. It has been historically associated with steroid-resistant NS alone. However, recent evidence supports the fact that subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) does occur even in children with steroid responsive NS. Complications such as weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, delayed growth, delayed puberty, and depression could result from hypothyroidism and be erroneously attributed to NS, or the effect of steroid used in treatment. Incidentally salt intake, the major form of dietary iodine is often restricted in children with NS, possibly exacerbating any underlying hypothyroid state. The study aimed to determine the burden of SCH among our cohort of NS patients. A comparative cross-sectional study was designed to assess SCH [defined by high TSH (>6.0 mU/L and normal free T4 (0.8-2.0 ng/dl)] in hundred children with NS aged between one and fifteen years compared with hundred age and gender matched comparison group without NS. Blood and urine samples were collected to analyze thyroid function, serum albumin, serum protein and urinary protein. The prevalence of SCH was significantly higher in subjects with NS than their age, sex matched comparison group (12% vs. 2%, P = 0.006). The highest proportion (24.1%) of the children with NS who had SCH was found in the age range of 11-15 years and majority were females (19.4% vs. 7.8%, respectively, P = 0.086). The proportion of children with SCH were higher in those with steroid-resistant NS than those responsive to steroids (26.3% vs. 8.6% P = 0.033). The average values of serum albumin and protein were also significantly lower in children with SCH than those without (2.91 mg/dl ± 0.8 vs. 3.78 mg/dl ± 0.9 and 3.99 mg/dl ± 1.3 vs. 5.02 mg/dl ± 1.3, respectively, P < 0.005). Also, the average value of urinary protein was significantly higher in those with SCH than those without [94.29 mg/dl (42.3-101.0) vs. 69.19 mg/dL (31.2-108.2), respectively, P = 0.023]. Participants with steroid-resistant NS have almost three-folds odd of developing SCH compared to steroid sensitive subjects (AOR 2.901; 95% CI 1.831-4.012; P = 0.038). Screening of children for SCH with NS especially steroid-resistant NS and frequent relapsing steroid sensitive NS for hypothyroidism before complications arise is pertinent to their holistic management. This becomes even more imperative in our environment as iodine deficiency hypothyroidism is still prevalent in some parts of the country.

Premarital Genotype Screening for Sickle Cell Disease: Knowledge Gaps, Perception and Determinants of Uptake among Final Year Undergraduates of a Tertiary Institution in South-West Nigeria.

Strategies involved in the prevention and management of sickle cell disease include premarital genotype screening and counselling as well as efforts at increasing the knowledge of the population about the condition. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which assessed the knowledge of sickle cell disease and premarital genotype screening, attitudes towards screening and factors associated with uptake of premarital genotype screening among 326 final year students at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Respondents were within the age range of 18-24 with a mean age of 23. Majority of the respondents had AA genotype (68.71%). Only 15.95% of the respondents had good knowledge of sickle cell disease. Mean knowledge score was 14 out of 26 with a standard deviation of 4.31. 75.77% of the respondents had good knowledge of premarital genotype screening. 76.07% of the respondents had good attitudes to premarital genotype screening. Mean attitude score was 9.5 out of 12 with a standard deviation of 2.15. Respondents' current level of study (P=0.000) and marital status (P=0.042) were significantly associated with knowledge of sickle cell disease. There was significant association between knowledge of sickle cell disease and knowledge of premarital genotype screening (Fisher's P= 0.000). Knowledge of premarital genotype screening was significantly associated with respondents' current level of study (P=0.004) and attitudes to premarital genotype screening (Fisher's P= 0.000). Significant knowledge gaps were identified in the study population. There is need for continuous assessment of knowledge gaps and educational intervention to decrease the incidence of sickle cell disease.

Assessment of knowledge and acceptability of HIV self-testing among students of selected universities in southwest Nigeria: an online cross-sectional study.

in Nigeria, it was estimated that 1.9 million people were living with HIV of which 130,000 people were newly infected with HIV. HIV self-testing would potentially increase access to HIV testing for people to know their status, get diagnosed, and initiate treatment as soon as possible. Our study aims to assess the knowledge of HIV Self-Testing (HIVST) and the acceptability of this youth-friendly approach among students in southwest Nigeria online. a cross-sectional study was conducted among bona fide undergraduate students (2019/2020 session) of two popular tertiary institutions in southwest Nigeria. An online standardized self-administered questionnaire was administered using Google Forms. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS statistics were used for tabulation and statistical data analysis. The Chi-Square test was conducted using a P value of 0.05 to determine the level of significance. of the 155 students that participated in the study, 82 (52.9%) were male. Most of the respondents (65.2%) were studying medicine and other health-related courses. The mean knowledge of HIVST among respondents was slightly above average. Respondents studying medical and other health-related courses showed a slightly better level of knowledge than others although not statistically significant (P = 0.222). 76.1% of respondents had never used the HIVST option before and 62.6% are willing to use it sometimes in the future. to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 fast-track targets in Nigeria by 2030, there is a need to promote sexual and reproductive health education and increase awareness and accessibility of HIVST to youths.

Diabetes mellitus foot ulcer and associated factors among Type 2 diabetes patients in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria.

This study aims to assess the proportion of diabetic foot ulcer (DMFU) and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria. A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the STEPwise Approach to Surveillance of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors of WHO.14 was used for data collection from a sample of 181 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and laboratory variables were collated from the participants. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of DMFU. A total of 166 patients had their questionnaires completed. The mean age (standard deviation) of the respondents was 62.6 (14.3) years. The proportion of DMFU was 18.7%. More than two-third (71.1%) of our respondents had clinical symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy while 34.3% of the patients seen in the study had evidence of peripheral vascular disease on duplex Doppler ultrasound. Male patients were about five times more likely to have DMFU than female patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001-27.841). Those with duration of diabetes ≥10 years were more likely to have DMFU than those with disease duration <10 years (AOR = 15.47; 95% CI = 1.201-199.314). Patients with fasting blood glucose (FBG) of ≥ 7.2 mmol/L were about four times more likely to have DMFU than those with FBG of <7.2 mmol/L (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI = 1.618-18.463). The proportion of DMFU was 18.7%, and the predictors identified included sex, duration of disease, and FBG level.

Industrial Disharmony and Sustainable Development Goals of State Government-Owned Tertiary Institutions in Southwest Nigeria

Nigerian public tertiary institutions have been plagued with incessant industrial conflicts that are always pronounced in form of strike actions and these had led to long closure of these public institutions with attendant negative effects on overall developments of these institutions. This study, therefore, examined the impact of industrial disharmony on sustainable development goal of state government-owned tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. Two hypotheses were raised, and a descriptive survey research design of the ex post facto type was adopted for the study. The population for the study comprised of all the staff of three selected public tertiary institutions across three states in Southwest Nigeria (Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta; Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Ijanikin, Lagos and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso). Simple random and proportionate stratified technique was used to select the respondents based on staff classification into academic (302), senior non-teaching (103) and junior non-teaching (280) cadres totalling 685 respondents. A self-designed questionnaire entitled Industrial Disharmony and Sustainable Development Goals Questionnaire (IDSDGQ) was used to collect information from the respondents. Data were analyzed using regression analysis to test the two hypotheses raised for the study at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that industrial disharmony had a significant impact on sustainable development goals of state government-owned tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. It is, therefore, recommended that state governments as proprietors of these tertiary institutions should strive to increase the funding of these institutions since a lack of adequate funding has been identified as a major source of industrial disharmony in public tertiary institutions.&#x0D; Key Words: industrial disharmony, sustainable development, academic excellence, economic viability, state government-owned tertiary institutions

Burnout and quality of life among nurses working in selected mental health institutions in South West Nigeria.

Burnout remains a huge public health problem among nurses. A cross-sectional descriptive study assessed 259 nurses from two Neuropsychiatric hospitals in Nigeria. Data was collected using a sociodemographic/ job related questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Short-Form health survey (SF-12). The associations between sociodemographic characteristic and burnout was anaysed using Chi square test, between burnout and quality of life using Spearman correlation statistics. Predictors of burnout were determined using binary regression analysis. Prevalence of emotional exhaustion (EE) was 44.4%, depersonalization (DEP) 31.7% and reduced personal accomplishment was 98.8%. Predictors of EE were: poor funding from management, OR = 0.38 (95% CI 0.15-0.95) and role conflict, OR = 2.44 (95% CI 1.03-5.78), while the predictors of DEP, were age group, 31-40 years, OR = 0.37 (95% CI 0.18-0.77), male gender, OR = 2.55 (95% CI 1.40-4.65), role conflict, OR = 6.53 (95% CI 0.88-7.81) and working at more urban city, OR = 3.07 (95% CI 1.54-6.16). The mean total Quality of life (QOL) scores were significantly higher among respondents who had no EE and DEP p < 0.001. Burnout is high among mental health nurses and is associated with poor quality of life.

Substance Use: Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria

Background: Substance use is a global public health problem with increasing burden among university students. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of substance use among undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data collection tool was a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Statistical significance was set at p value &lt;0.05Results: The respondents’ mean age was 19.5 ± 2.0 years and all 416 (100.0%) were aware of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance use was 299 (71.9%). Alcohol 133 (32.0%) and over-the-counter drugs (29.9%) were the two most commonly used substance. Being male (p=0.017) and in 400 level (p=0.047) were associated with substance use while curiosity 112 (37.5%), peer pressure 95 (31.8%) and school stress 85 (28.4%) were reasons given. Predictors of substance use were being a female (aOR: 2.54; 95% CI=1.89-3.66; p=0.011), civil servant mother (aOR: 5.75; 95% CI=1.90-17.4; p=0.002) and mother with secondary education (aOR: 5.27; 95% CI= 2.20- 12.65; p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of substance use with curiosity, peer pressure and school stress being influencers of substance use among the study population. Predictors of substance use were being a female, civil servant mother and mother with secondary education. The University authority should institute measures to prevent access to alcohol and other substances by the students.

Cost of Deliveries among Health Insurance (HI) Enrollees and Out-of-Pocket (OOP) Payers Accessing Maternal Healthcare Services in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria

Maternal Mortality Is Currently High And Remains One Of The Most Important Public Health Problems In Developing Countries. This Study Determined The Cost Of Vaginal And Caesarean Section Deliveries Among Health Insurance (HI) Enrollees And Out-Of-Pocket (OOP) Payers. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Was Carried Out Among 380 Women {(133 Vaginal And 57 Caesarean Section Deliveries Among Each Of HI Enrollees And OOP Payers)} Who Accessed Delivery Services In A Tertiary Health Institution In Southwest Nigeria Using A Systematic Random Sampling Technique. Data Was Gathered Using An Interviewer-Administered Semi-Structured Questionnaire And Analyzed Using IBM SPSS Version 23. P-Value &lt;0.05 Was Taken As Significant. The Overall Mean Age Of Respondents In This Study Was 36.5 ± 4.7years Among The Vaginal Delivery Respondents And 35.8 ± 3.6 Years Among Caesarean Section Delivery Respondents. The Mean Total Cost Of Vaginal Delivery For HI Enrollees {₦14,238.5 ± 4,809.0 ($34.5 ± 12.7)} Is Lesser Than For OOP Payers {₦37,928.5 ± 19,813.0 ($99.8 ± 52.1)}. Furthermore, The Mean Total Cost Of Caesarean Section Delivery For HI Enrollees {₦14,238.5 ± 4,809.0 ($34.5 ± 12.7)} Is Lesser Than For OOP Payers (₦37,928.5 ± 19,813.0 ($99.8 ± 52.1}. 94.1% Of The Non-Insurance Enrollees Were Willing To Join Health Insurance Scheme. It Was Concluded That The Total Cost Of Vaginal And Caesarean Section Deliveries Is Lower Among The Health Insurance Enrollees Than The Out-Of-Pocket Payers. Therefore, Intervention To Increase Awareness On Health Insurance Is Recommended.

Cost of Ante-natal Care among Health Insurance (HI) Enrollees and Out-of-Pocket (OOP) Payers accessing Maternal Healthcare Services in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria

Maternal Mortality Remains A Leading Cause Of Death Among Women Of Reproductive Age Group. This Study Determined The Cost Of Antenatal Care Among Health Insurance (HI) Enrollees And Out-Of-Pocket (OOP) Payers Accessing Maternal Healthcare Services In A Tertiary Health Institution In Southwest Nigeria. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Was Carried Out Among 380 Women (190 HI Enrollees And 190 OOP Payers) Attending Antenatal Care Services In A Tertiary Health Institution In Southwest Nigeria Using A Systematic Random Sampling Technique. Data Was Gathered Using An Interviewer-Administered Semi-Structured Questionnaire And Analyzed Using IBM SPSS Version 23. Chi-Square And Binary Logistic Regression Were Used To Assess The Association Between Dependent And Independent Variables And A P-Value Of &lt;0.05 Was Taken As Significant. The Overall Mean Age Of Respondents In This Study Was 33.8 ± 5.0 Years (HI Group: 34.1 ± 4.9 Years And OOP Group: 33.6 ± 5.0 Years). The Mean Total Cost Of Antenatal Care (ANC) Is Lesser For HI Enrollees (₦5,095.2 ± 1,753.1 Equivalent To $13.3 ± 4.6) As Compared With OOP Payers (₦15,050.6 ± 5,548.9 Equivalent To $39.6 ± 14.6). Predictors And Enablers For HI Uptake Are Marital Status, Family Size, Level Of Education, Occupation, Appropriate And Quality HI Package, And Trust In The HI Scheme. It Was Concluded That The Total Cost Of Antenatal Care Is Lower Among The Health Insurance Enrollees Than The Out-Of-Pocket Payers. Therefore, Interventions To Increase Awareness And Designing More Enticing HI Packages Are Recommended.

Histopathological analysis of male breast cancer in Southwestern Nigeria: A single-center retrospective study

Background: Breast cancer in men is still an uncommon and largely understudied disease. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancers. The aim of this study was to review all the male breast cancer cases diagnosed at the tertiary medical institution in South West Nigeria over a 10-year period and to compare the findings with other similar studies done in Nigeria and globally. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all histologically diagnosed cases of male breast cancers in the Department of Pathology, Tertiary Medical Institution in South West Nigeria over a 10-year period from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Clinicopathological parameters including patients' age, laterality, and specific histological sub-types were extracted from surgical day book and Cancer Registry of the Department. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). The results were subsequently presented in tables, relative frequencies, group percentages, and photomicrographs. Results: Forty-two cases of male breast cancer were seen accounting for 1.7% of all breast cancer cases. The age range was between 22 and 91 years with a mean age of 60.3 years, and a peak occurrence was in the 8th decade. The right breast was more affected than the left accounting for 52% of the total number of cases seen. The most common histological sub-type found was invasive ductal carcinoma accounting for 88% of all the cases. Conclusion: Male breast cancer is relatively uncommon compared to female breast cancer. It is more common in the older age group, and invasive ductal carcinoma is still the most common histological subtype.