Institutions In Ibadan Research Articles

Comparative study and determinants of infection control practices of mothers of under- five children in selected health care institutions in Ibadan.

Comparative study and determinants of infection control practices of mothers of under- five children in selected health care institutions in Ibadan.

Comparative study and determinants of infection control practices of mothers of under- five children in selected health care institutions in Ibadan.

Improving family and community health practices have been identified as childhood mortality reducing strategies. This cross sectional study was conducted among mothers of under-five children attending three selected Health Centers (HCs) in Ibadan. Convenient sampling method was used to select 220 mothers who provided information by means of a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics of frequency tables, ANOVA to compare mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores in the three HCs and Spearman rho’s correlation for test of relationship between variables. The mean +SD age of respondents was 29.5 + 5.7 years, 95.5% were married and most of the participants were traders. The major source of information was health talks at immunization clinics (69.1%). Respiratory tract infection was the most listed (65.9%) common childhood disease. The overall mean percent - score + (SD) for knowledge, attitude and practice of infection control were 55.9 + 15.0, 42.4 + 11.8 and 31.1 + 15.7 respectively. Mean knowledge score of 63.2 + 17.0 by participants at the university HC was significantly higher than that of participants in the other two HCs, F = 9.32, p = 0.00. Correlation showed significant relationship between knowledge and attitude p= 0.000, knowledge and practice p=0.000 as well as attitude and practice p=0.006. Only eight (3.6%) would wash their hands always after attending to the need of a sick child though 189 (85.9%) acknowledged hand washing as a strategy for infection control. Findings indicate the need to explore strategies to improve attitude and practice of mothers.

An assessment report on an immunization clinic located in a tertiary institution in Ibadan

Objectives : The aims of the assessment report were to appraise immunization system components and review vaccination coverage between January 2007 and December 2011 at the University College Hospital (UCH) immunization clinic. Methods : The immunization clinic has an annual target population of 997 (for children 10% for the 5-year period. For the adult immunizations, yellow fever recorded the highest coverage rate, while the lowest rate was recorded for tetanus toxoid dose 5 (TT5). The vaccines that were most often in short supply included Diphtheria-pertusis-tetanus, Hepatitis B, yellow fever, oral polio, and cerebrospinal meningitis vaccines. Although good-quality supplies, equipment and consumables were observed, there was no inventory of these items. There were evident interpersonal communication and community mobilization as well as capacity building for staff. Conclusion : The assessment showed there was progress in the provision and administration of immunization based on available resources. There is, however, the need to improve documentation of clinic activities.

The Media, Informal Learning and Ageism in Ibadan, Nigeria

In recent decades, public perceptions of old people have been shifting towards negativity. Stereotypes of ageing may shape behaviours towards the aged, and may complicate the social, nutritional, psychological and health conditions of the elderly. The perception and attitude of people toward the aged cannot be separated from the informal learning outcomes that flowed through or permeated their interactional episodes as well as their encounters and specific events. From the premise of cultivation theory, it is assumed that the stereotypes surrounding beliefs and attitudes about the aged are cultivated from informal, everyday learning through the media. Thus, study examines ageism among young people and the extent to which these beliefs match the ways the elderly are portrayed in the media. Using Nollywood movies as an example of media form to which young people in Nigeria are exposed, the study tests the hypothesis that convergence exists in the extent of ageist beliefs and representations in the media among students of tertiary institution in Ibadan. The result shows that all the dimensions of ageism measured through the modified ageing quiz are represented or enacted in Nollywood movies. While respondents have ageist perceptions of their own, the representations of older persons they encounter in movies are not so different. One effective way to address ageism is to employ the channel through which these stereotypes were constructed in the first place. Through informal learning arrangements, advocacy may be kick-started by exposing the aged and other members of the society to accurate information on what ageing entails.

Contents of Research Activities in Immunology Unit of a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Background: Immunology laboratories carry out researches and training coupled with accurate diagnosis and prognosis of diseases for effective treatment and elimination of diseases. Information on the patterns of research activities in Immunology laboratories in developing countries is scarce. Aims: This review of pattern of research activities in Immunology Unit of Department of Chemical Pathology, University Of Ibadan, Nigeria aims to provide useful information on outcomes of researches carried out by eminent Nigerian Immunologists so as to provide template for designing further immunological studies. This review also provides basis for more intensive immunological studies on Nigerians exposed to environmental or occupation chemicals which is yet to be extensively explored. The applications of the research outcomes on diagnosis and management of patients is also stressed. Design: A retrospective review of research activities in Immunology Unit of the Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria till May 2012 was done. Major contributions to knowledge and diagnostic importance of results were enumerated. Results: Majority of the specimens processed for researches were blood, breast-milk, saliva and urine. The subjects recruited were those with malaria parasitemia, urinary schistosomiasis, malnutrition, cancers, HIV infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, periodontitis, pregnancy, neonates, different age groups, different social life-styles and those exposed to chemicals. Most of the immunological studies were carried out on subjects with infectious agents or parasites but little emphasis was placed on

Breastfeeding and postimmunisation fever amongst infants receiving Diphtheria- Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine at a tertiary health institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

Objective: To determine the incidence of fever after vaccination with the first dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) among exclusively breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed infants in Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on a cohort of 710 infants who received first dose of DPT vaccine at the Immunisation Clinic of a tertiary health institution in Ibadan, between July and October 2011. Based on the feeding pattern in a 24-hour feeding recall by mothers, infants were classified into exclusive and nonexclusive breastfeeding groups. Each of the infant's mothers was provided with a digital thermometer and instructed on how to measure the temperature of her infant. The information about the incidence of fever was obtained by telephone on the third day after vaccination.Results: Only 682 completed the study. The overall rates of exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding were 48% and 52%, respectively. Compared with the infants who were non-exclusively breastfed, those who were breastfed exclusively had a risk for fever of 0.675 (95% CI, 0.558-0.817). The place of delivery and the highest level of education were confounders and effect modifiers of the association between breastfeeding and fever.Conclusions: These findings suggest that exclusive breastfeeding is associated with a decreased incidence of fever after immunisation.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding; Post-immunisation fever; Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination; Nigeria

Evaluation of directly observed treatment short courses at a secondary health institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria

ObjectiveTo evaluate the success rate of tuberculosis intervention programme at a specialist hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria through a retrospective study as well as carry out physicochemical evaluation of anti-tuberculous agents as a way of eliminating drug-related failure. MethodsThe retrospective study involved the use of quarterly tuberculosis central register at the Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan between 1st quarter (2003) to 4th quarter (2009). Relevant data were extracted from these register with the aid of data collection forms. The basic physicochemical analyses of the drugs given to the patients were also carried out using the International Pharmacopoeia methods. ResultsAll the drugs examined for their physicochemical properties passed the International Pharmacopeia recommended tests. A total number of 1 260 patients enrolled at the hospital were assessed through case notes. This comprises of 59.4% males of which 69.23% new cases were also males. There was a significant (P<0.05) patient enrollment across the quarters for the seven years. An overall 80.24% cure rate over the 7-period was obtained which is less than the WHO target of 85%. Cure rates were better in females than males. Failure treatment outcomes such as positive (1.51%), deaths (8.73%), defaulted (3.33%) and transferred out (5.95%) were recorded though not statistically significant (P>0.05). Failure rates in all categories were higher in males than females (P>0.05). ConclusionsMore enlightenment and counseling is still required to meet up with the target for TB control.

Media and Information Technology Use for Health Education Programme in Selected Health Institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria

This study asses sed the media and information technology materials use for health education programmes in selected health institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria. Survey research design method was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 140 respondents using questionnaire , interview and observation as the instrument. The data were analyzed and presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. The research findings revealed that health institutions were yet to fully implement the use of Information Technology such as Video Conferencing and Teleconferencing in health education. It was also discovered that erratic power supply and high cost of acquiring the media materials were the major obstacles to using information technology.Key Words: Media; Information, Technology, Health, Education

P1-383 Sexual behaviour and knowledge of prevention of sexually transmitted infections among students in co-educational and non co-educational schools in Ibadan, Nigeria

Sexual interaction between students may be different in co-educational (CE) and non co-educational (NCE) schools. The objective was to compare sexual behaviour and knowledge of prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections...

The Reliability of the English Version of Ibadan Knee/Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Measure (IKHOAM)

ABSTRACTBackground: The Ibadan Knee/Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Measure (IKHOAM) an outcome measure developed for evaluating the outcome of therapeutic interventions in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis (OA) in Nigerian clinical settings and similar environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the English version of the IKHOAM. Methods: Fifty-four English-speaking patients with OA of knee/hip from physiotherapy clinics of all secondary and tertiary health institutions in Ibadan participated in this cross-sectional survey. The participants completed the self-reported parts of IKHOAM at 48-hr interval. Clinician-measured part of IKHOAM was administered once to each participant by three physiotherapists at the same time and for a second time by one of the physiotherapists after 48 hr. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman rank order correlation. Results: The test–retest reliability for patient measured ranged from 0.94–0.99 (p < 0.01), while the intrarater reliability and interrater reliability for the clinician measured of the English version of the IKHOAM were 0.96 (p < 0.05) and 0.60 (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The English version of the IKHOAM is a reliable outcome measure, and it is recommended for integration in the assessment of patients with knee and/or hip OA in Nigerian clinical settings and similar environment.

Infant feeding among women attending an immunisation clinic at a tertiary health institution in Ibadan, Nigeria

Maternal characteristics can affect a mother’s decision to breastfeed. This study used a cross‐sectional design to assess maternal variables and infant feeding patterns among nursing mothers attending an immunisation clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 264 mothers who consecutively attended the immunisation clinic and met certain inclusion criteria were interviewed. A majority of mothers (204, 77.2%) were in the middle of the reproductive age span (24–35 years); 180 (68.2%) had attended tertiary educational institutions. Almost all the mothers (257, 97.3%) had good knowledge about exclusive breast‐feeding. Exclusive breast‐feeding decreased with the age of the infant; by six months of age, only 40% of infants were exclusively breastfed. Of the mothers who practiced exclusive breast‐feeding, 30 (18.5%) initiated breast‐feeding within 30 minutes after birth. There may be a need to increase the emphasis placed on the time that complementary feeding should be introduced.

Theft and Mutilation of Library Materials in Nigerian Academic Libraries

ABSTRACT The survey discussed in this article investigated the prevalent rate at which book theft occurs, especially in academic society and with special interest in Nigerian academic institutions. The main objective was to evaluate the level at which book theft and mutilation are plaguing academic libraries in Nigeria and to proffer some measures for curbing the menace. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to professional librarians, library officers and library porters (security staff) in four academic institutions in Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Oyo, Oyo state, Nigeria. Seventy-eight copies were returned and found useful (a response rate of 65 percent). Reference materials and periodicals such as journals, newspapers, and magazines are mostly affected. The results from the analysis of responses showed that most of the academic libraries investigated agreed that book theft and mutilation are serious problems facing their collections. The study, however, concludes with suggestions on the use of some co...

Risk factors for road traffic accidents among drivers of public institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria

Recent studies have shown an increase in the rate of road traffic accident (RTA). Identifying the risk factors for this problem may provide a clue to possible effective intervention. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for self reported RTA among drivers of educational institutions and make suggestions to promote safer driving. A cross sectional population study of motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan was undertaken between December 2003 and January 2004. The study comprised of 99 motor vehicle drivers. 67 (67.7%) were from the College of Medicine, and 32 (32.3%) from the UCH. Response rate was 97.1%. All were males, aged 38 to 60 years, mean 50.1 + (SD= 4.8 years). The prevalence of self reported RTA was 16.2%. The cause of road traffic accidents included, mechanical fault (50%), bad road (12.5%). RTA prevalence was higher among older drivers (OR=1.7, 95%CI=0.5-5.9; P>0,05), drivers who had part time jobs (Odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3; X2 =4.5, P=0.03), and drivers with visual impairment (OR=1.6, 95% CI=0-9, X2 0.49, P > 0.05). The prevalence of RTA was lower amongst drivers who did not take alcohol, cola nut and other CNS stimulants while driving (OR 0.9, 95% CI=0.3-2.3, P >0.05). Regular maintenance of official vehicles and examination of drivers\' eyes are recommended. Drivers should be discouraged from drugs and part jobs so as to ensure that they have enough time to rest and therefore prevent fatigue related RTA. African Journal of Health Sciences Vol. 14 (3-4) 2007: pp. 137-142

Prevalence of refractive error and attitude to spectacle use among drivers of public institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria

High rate of motor vehicle accidents' have been associated with poor vision. Studies on drivers from elsewhere other than health institutions have found abnormal visual acuities. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of refractive errors and the attitude to spectacle wear among drivers of public institutions studied. A cross sectional population study of all 99 motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan between December 2003 and January 2004. The ninety-nine motor vehicle drivers in the study comprised of 67 (67.7%) from the College of Medicine, and 32 (32.3%) from the UCH. All were males, aged 38 to 60 years, mean 50.1 +/- (SD= 4.8 years). Proportion of drivers with refractive errors was 16.7% (95% CI, 16.6-16.8) but only 56.3% of these wear glasses while driving (others did not including 3 out 4 who were bilaterally visually impaired without glasses). Relative frequency of RTA among drivers was 16.2%, the risk was marginally higher among drivers with refractive error (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 0.4-3.7). The commonest refractive error was simple hypermetropia present in 15 eyes. Hypermetropia was associated with increasing age of drivers (p<0.05). Majority (97.7%) of the drivers were presbyopic but only 32 (32.3%) were current wearers of spectacles. Refractive errors were present in 16.7% of drivers studied. But 43.8% of these (3 out 4 of whom were bilaterally visually impaired without glasses) do not wear corrective lenses while driving. There is need for periodic visual screening exercise and eye health education on drivers.

Psychosocial Factors Predicting School Violence Tendencies Among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Ibadan

In recent times, researchers and laymen have observed high incidence of violence in higher institutions of learning worldwide, particularly in Nigeria. This study therefore examined the influence of psychosocial factors on school violence behaviour among students in tertiary institutions in Ibadan. Two hundred volunteered students from their various departments comprising of 80 males and 120 females of both the Polytechnic Ibadan and the University of Ibadan, with a mean age of 23 years participated in the study. The study adopted an ex post facto design. A questionnaire comprising of demographics, social competence scale, Self-efficacy scale and Gough Socialization scale was used to collect data. Data collected was subjected to multiple and stepwise regression analyses, one-way ANOVA and t-test for independent sample to test the hypotheses as stated in the study. Results indicated that all the Psychological variables (Self efficacy, social competence and Socialization) showed significant joint prediction of school violence tendency among students of tertiary institution in 50% of the cases. Age groups, religion as well as sex were also found to have significant influence on school violence tendency among students of tertiary institution respectively (F 197, 2 = 48.12, p 197, 2 = 54.9, p It was therefore concluded that age group, religion, sex as well as self-efficacy and social competence constitute very important factors to be considered in designing youth violence prevention/management strategies. It was recommended that religious leaders as well as psychology experts should not be left out of the quest to prevent or manage school violence in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol.7(2) 2004: 220-236