Institutions In Countries Research Articles

AIED in English Preparatory Courses: A Comparative Study of UK and North American Universities and Its Impact on Chinese International Student Mobility

With the development of AI and other computer technologies, AIED has begun to cause new reforms in the international education. At present, most Higher education institutions in European and American countries adopt AIED to varying degrees to assist and improve the teaching environment and teaching experience of international students. This article will mainly compare the application of AIED in universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, interview Chinese students and faculty at each university through questionnaires, and analyze the interviewers attitudes towards AIED. This article will also collect reviews from international students and international education practitioners on some commonly used learning assistance platforms based on AI technology, such as MOOCS and Grammarly. This article decoded the collected interview comments and coded and integrated similar information as well. The final conclusion of this article is that the vast majority of educational professionals and international students believe that the benefits of AIEDs application outweigh the disadvantages, but ethical consideration could be drastically significant.

Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases: A bibliometric‐based analysis of trends

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease is of practical clinical importance. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease and indicate possible directions for future studies.MethodsResearch articles and reviews related to COVID‐19 vaccinations in patients with rheumatic diseases were retrieved from Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to depict network mapping showing the collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors. Current hotspots and future directions were derived by analyzing highly cited/co‐cited documents and keywords.ResultsIn total, 615 documents published in 194 academic journals, including 505 articles and 110 reviews contributed by 5068 authors from 1693 institutions in 79 countries/regions, were finally included and analyzed. The United States and the University of London were the most productive country and cooperative institution, respectively. Author analysis showed that cooperation between different authors was largely confined to only several groups. Vaccines and Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology were the journals with the most publications and citations per document, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that the keywords can be categorized into groups like kidney disease, antibody response, COVID‐19 vaccine, vaccination, validation, safety, and giant cell arteritis.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease are being continuously investigated. Future studies on COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases could focus on antibody response, validation, and vaccine safety.

The Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Research for Hospital Medication Management Based on the Web of Science Database.

Identify the collaborations between authors, countries, and institutions, respectively, and explore the hot issues and prospects for research on hospital medication management. Publications on hospital medication management were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analyses were performed using CiteSpace 6.1.R3, HistCite 2.1, and VOSviewer 1.6.16. The network maps were created between authors, countries institutions, and keywords. A total of 18,723 articles related to hospital medication management studies were identified. Rapid growth in the number of publications since 2017. The high papers were published in AM J HEALTH-SYST PH, while JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC was the most co-cited journal. Manias E and WHO ranked first in the author and cited author. There were active collaborations among the top authors. Bates DW was the key author in this field. The authors have active collaborations in adverse drug events, acute coronary syndrome, in-hospital major bleeding, and so on. The US was the leading contributor in this field. The UK, Australia, and China are also very active. Active cooperation between countries and between institutions was observed. The main hot topics included matters related to outcome indicators, hospital pharmacy service behaviors, and medication use in pain management. More recent keywords focus on chronic disease medication management and clinical medication management. Hospital medication management studies have significantly increased after 2017. There was active cooperation between authors, countries, and institutions. The application of hospital medication management in the emergency department and the relationship between medication management and medication adherence are current research hotspots. In addition, with the continuous progress of society, chronic diseases have become an important factor affecting people's health, and medication management is becoming more and more subdivided, so the direction of chronic disease medication management as well as precise medication may become the development direction of future research.

The role of inernational institutions of destination countries in the formation of Moldovan diaspora in the European Union

The following article analyzes the involvement of international organizations and EU states in the consolidation and development of the Moldovan diaspora in the European Union; the article also investigates the primary forms and mechanisms of stimulating these processes. The main international institutions participating in the implementation of programs and projects are the UN, the International Labor Organization, the International Organization for Migration, the OSCE, the ICMPD, and others. On a regional level Moldova is the participant of many specialized organizations and platforms in the field of migration: Eastern Partnership, FRONEX, EUBAM, Mobility Partnership, the Prague Process, the Budapest Process, the Söderköping Process, and others. Among the donors that provide Moldova with financial aid in the field of migration and diaspora are many EU states, the USA, and several other countries. The Moldovan government regulates the institutional framework and the mechanism of coordination of external aid provided by the international organizations and donor-countries. Moldova receives different kinds of financial, legal, and logistical aid from the EU for the regulation of migration, integration of migrants in the EU. The article lists European conventions that influenced the development of Moldovan policy in the field of migration and diaspora. Diasporas are viewed as agents of change. European institutions begin to focus in their policies on diasporas only starting with 2011. The EU insists on close collaboration between the diasporas and the countries of origin, considering that migrant integration is more effective by way of diasporas. It is necessary for civil society institutions to participate in the process of integration. Moldova adopts the positive practices of diaspora attraction, its support for the country’s sustainable development. Practice shows that it is necessary to make agreements not only in the field of labor migration and social protection, but also in the field of labor migrants’ legal protection. The increasing role of the diaspora is tied to the deepening collaboration with the civil society of the destination countries, the participation of labor migrants in the destination countries’ political life. It is important for every level of administration participate in the development and implementation of strategies for migrant integration.

Institutional quality and US FDI outflows: Do political regimes matter?

To what extent are the locational decisions for US FDI outflows affected by the nature of the political regimes along with the quality of institutions in the host countries? Using property rights protection as an indicator of institutional quality, this study analyses how sensitive US FDI outflows are to institutional factors and to the nature of the hosting countries’ political regimes. In other words, whether a democratic or an autocratic regime makes any difference in terms of attracting US FDI. A joint effect between democracy and the protection of property rights on US FDI flows is examined using a panel data fixed effect technique for forty-one countries during the period 1984–2021. The instrumental variable method is used to check the endogeneity concerns. The results predict that the protection of property rights can have a positive impact in attracting US FDI, provided the countries in question become more democratic in nature. The findings suggest that partial reform to enhance the institutional quality or unconsolidated democratization are insufficient to attract US FDI rather than complementing each other in bringing FDI. The implication of the findings reveals that a democratic country such as India can be a good location for US investment if its protection of property rights becomes stronger. Moreover, some highly democratic countries with strong institutions should be more market oriented and improve their quality of infrastructure to receive the maximum benefit. Our results are robust to alternate measures of institutional quality/democracy and endogeneity concerns.

Student migration, transnational knowledge transfer, and legal and political transformation in Georgia

ABSTRACT In contrast to the other papers in this special issue, this paper reflects a specific case of co-agency between states and individual migrants, particularly students and alumni networks. Based on a qualitative case study with 29 Georgian students and 14 institutions and organizations, this paper explores the impact of Georgian alumni on polity building in Georgia. Here we can observe two phases: Firstly, the states of Georgia and of Germany act as co-agents by facilitating migration to young Georgian students by financing their studies in Germany (student scholarships) with the objective that the students return and transfer their knowledge to the country of origin. Subsequently, the Georgian alumni who studied law in Germany act as co-agents between different institutions in both countries. In doing so, they transform state institutions by themselves and contribute to the development of the legal and political system in Georgia. They do that particularly in such important legal fields like constitutional law, civic law, and criminal law, but also in the creation of parliamentarism based on a bicameral system or the promotion of separation of church and state in Georgia. That takes place after return migration as well as from Germany through transnational networks and mobility.

The Participation of Alumni in Successful Endowment and Waqf Funds

Endowment and waqf funds are essential sources of income for Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in many countries, including Malaysia. Identifying the elements that contribute to the success of these funds can help sustain them. The previous scholars discovered that several elements drive the success of endowment funds in HEIs; one such element is alumni networks. This was also discovered to determine successful fundraising in another study. In this regard, this study examines this element in the context of Malaysia to observe its role in determining the success of endowment and waqf funds, particularly in public universities in this country. Simultaneously, this study also investigates the factors that drive the establishment of these alumni networks. To achieve these objectives, this study adopted a qualitative approach using interviews. Several representatives from selected universities were interviewed, and the information obtained was transcribed and analyzed. It was discovered that alumni networks are essential determinants of the success of endowment and waqf funds at the selected universities. Several key factors were identified that can help build alumni networks, such as assistance from alumni associations, a positive experience while studying, and awareness of charitable giving. This study suggests that universities can emphasize these three factors to build relationships with alumni and ensure continual contributions.

Comparison of Corruption Eradication Institutions in Various Countries (Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia, New Zealand)

This study discusses the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) since 2019 there has been a significant change, because the second amendment to the KPK Law has been ratified through Law Number 19 of 2019, Indonesia's ranking index is at 115, amputated authority and declining performance. The study conducted a comparative approach between the Indonesian KPK and the corruption eradication institutions of Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It was found that Asian and Australian countries have less authority, but are ranked high (3 to 14) in eradicating corruption compared to Indonesia which is ranked 115. The results of the study show that there has been a change in the position of the KPK institution in terms of state administration which is no longer an Auxiliary body but a state organ, full authority but requires permission from the supervisory board, accountability and full control by the government (executive).

ADVANCED FOREIGN EXPERIENCES OF FINANCING HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Progressed outside encounters of financing higher education institutions, higher education expenses of foreign universities, financing of higher education institutions of foreign countries from budget and extra-budgetary sources, encounters of the USA, Great Britain, Australia Canada and Kazakhstan as illustrations of the approach of fetched assignment, endowment funds of higher education institutions issues such as financing through budgetary assets were considered.

Blockchain Solutions for Authorization and Authentication

Recently, most people have been looking for smart services that allow them to do their daily services directly without having to visit local businesses and providers [1]. As observed in recent times, citizens can now apply to open their own commercial file or obtain a passport without having to visit the country's economic institution or the Immigration and Passports headquarters. Additionally, applying or opening accounts in virtual banks also added a lot of services and facilities for users and transactions between countries that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal effort [2]. All these transactions require the user's authentication and identity verification to avoid any personal fraud and save the user's rightsBlockchain technology stands out as one of the most secure technologies available enabling secure transactions without the need for a central authority. Starting in 2009 1, with Bitcoin leveraging blockchain technology, there has been an increasing number of blockchain technology-based solutions. The significance of this work compared to its predecessors is that it uses an existing product and technology to prove the solutions offered by Blockchain and find a solution for authorization and authentication.

Prospects for the Development of Venture Capital as an Economic Institution in Post-Soviet Countries

Prospects for the Development of Venture Capital as an Economic Institution in Post-Soviet Countries

Reasons for mosquito net non-use in malaria-endemic countries: A review of qualitative research published between 2011 and 2021.

Mosquito nets, particularly insecticide-treated nets, are the most recommended method of malaria control in endemic countries. However, individuals do not always have access to insecticide-treated nets or use them as recommended. The current paper expands on a previous review published in 2011 which highlighted a need for more qualitative research on the reasons for mosquito net non-use. We present a systematic review of qualitative research published in the past decade to assess the growth and quality of qualitative papers about net non-use and examine and update the current understanding. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Global Health, in addition to a citation search of the initial review. Relevant papers were screened and discussed. The critical appraisal assessment tool was used to ensure quality. Thematic synthesis was used to extract, synthesise, and analyse study findings. Compared with the initial review, the results showed a 10-fold increase in qualitative research on the reasons for mosquito net non-use between 2011 and 2021. In addition, the quality of the research has improved, with more than 90% of the papers receiving high scores, using the critical appraisal assessment tool. The reported reasons for non-use were categorised into four themes: human factors, net factors, housing structure, and net access. More than two thirds of the studies (25/39) were led by authors affiliated with institutions in malaria-endemic countries. Despite the distribution of free mosquito nets in malaria-endemic countries, earlier reported challenges remain pertinent. The most common reasons for net non-use across all regions of Malaria endemic countries pertained to human- and net-related factors. The research focus should shift towards intervention studies to address these issues.

ІNCLUSION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT

The article analyses the problem of implementing inclusion in higher education in various developed countries. The author reviews the main international declarative and legal documents that form the basis for the implementation of the principles of inclusion in society in general and in the educational sector in particular. The author traces the connection between changes in public consciousness and activities of higher education institutions in the respective countries with regard to the adoption of the principles of equality and inclusion. It has been found that the implementation of the principles of inclusion in higher education is possible in societies with a high level of community well-being, as evidenced by the higher education systems of highly developed countries that are at the forefront of promoting inclusive university education. That is, inclusive practice in higher education, which is not a compulsory educational level, is developing thanks to social activism and support from government institutions. In fact, the task of the university is to provide a favourable inclusive educational space for a student with special needs. The author draws attention to the fact that promoting an inclusive form of education in a higher education institution should not impair the quality of educational services and limit the level of professional competencies acquired by a person with special needs. The author identifies the key problem of inclusion in higher education - achieving stability in its provision. The author believes that this stability can be achieved through the implementation of the following steps: equal admission of an applicant with special needs; effective training in an inclusive educational space with the acquisition of a full set of professional competencies and the ability to implement the acquired professional elements in professional activities. In the author's opinion, the current progress on the part of Ukrainian society has received a peculiar vector sequence: formation of an understanding of the demand for higher education for people with special needs; search for effective and efficient inclusive formats for organising the educational process in a higher education institution; creation of a unified and universal system of inclusive higher education, which will be integrated into the local educational strategies of a particular higher education institution. This algorithm harmonises the aspirations and wishes of a person with special needs and the capabilities and transformations of the university.

Making aid work: institutional thresholds and FDI

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the institutional threshold effects of foreign aid on foreign direct investment (FDI). Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a theoretical model from an extended Solow model that introduces the conductive effect of institutions in an aid recipient country towards the capacity of attracting FDI. This study evidences threshold effects with the most recent panel threshold models that consider endogeneity issues. The data on economic institutions and foreign aid are decomposed into disaggregated level to reveal the detailed threshold pattern. Several sample subsets are used for a heterogeneity analysis. Findings Conducting empirical research on a sample of 62 countries during the period 2003–2016, this study finds robust evidence of the existence of an institutional threshold in the aid–FDI nexus which a country must attain to reap the full attraction of FDI by foreign aid providing financial resources. Furthermore, foreign aid tends to promote FDI in institutions characterized by a right-sized government, a strengthened legal system and an appropriate regulatory environment. On the other hand, aid may crowd out FDI. The results are robust to regional combinations and a subset of low and lower-middle-income countries. In addition, this study finds that aid targeted at social infrastructure and services has a positive effect regardless of institutional threshold. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by introducing a non-linear and discontinuous effect of aid on FDI, i.e. a threshold effect, highlighting the relevance of legal systems and regulations and the possibility of a crowding-out effect on FDI for specific institutional regimes. The thresholds provide a guide for donor countries to ensure aid effectiveness at the risk of being counterproductive and for recipient countries to better assess the institutional dimensions that need to be improved.

Diagnostic and treatment strategies for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in low- and middle-income countries.

The survival rate of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common pediatric cancer, has improved significantly in high-income countries (HICs), serving as an excellent example of how humans can overcome catastrophic diseases. However, the outcomes in children with ALL in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where approximately 80% of the global population live, are suboptimal because of limited access to diagnostic procedures, chemotherapeutic agents, supportive care, and financial assistance. Although the implementation of therapeutic strategies in resource-limited countries could theoretically follow the same path of improvement as modeled in HICs, intensification of chemotherapy may simply result in increased toxicities. With the advent of genetic diagnosis, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, the management of ALL is changing dramatically in HICs. Multidisciplinary collaborations between institutions in LMICs and HICs will provide access to strategies that are suitable for institutions in LMICs, enabling them to minimize toxicities while improving outcomes. This article summarizes important aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric ALL that were mostly developed in HICs but that can be realistically implemented by institutions in countries with limited resources through resource-adapted multidisciplinary collaborations.

Coproduced, arts interventions for nurturing care (0–5 years) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): a realist review

ObjectivesCommunity-based arts interventions have the potential to support contextually relevant nurturing care programmes and policies that adapt to different settings. Understanding the distinctive features of using the arts in local,...

Evolutionary trends and research hotspots in electrochemical machining: A bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2023

Electrochemical Machining has played an important role in solving manufacturing scenarios with difficult-to-machine materials, complex shapes, special requirements, and many other aspects. To systematically grasp the evolutionary trends, current status, and hotspots of research in the field of Electrochemical Machining, data analysis and mining of literature big data in the field of Electrochemical Machining from 2010 to 2023 were conducted, and graph visualization analysis was carried out. The research results indicate that: 1) Electrochemical Machining is highly valued by research institutions in various countries, with steady growth in research results and relatively high funding for research projects. China is in a leading position in terms of the number of papers and funding;2) A certain degree of cooperation has been formed globally around the research of Electrochemical Machining, and the cooperation between research institutions has obvious regional characteristics; 3) The research level of Electrochemical Machining has gradually deepened from theoretical research to interdisciplinary application research in materials science, energy, engineering, technology, and other fields. Research on machine learning based Electrochemical Machining has received increasing attention, and artificial neural networks have achieved new results in processing optimization applications. Artificial intelligence is the key technology and cutting-edge direction in the next stage of Electrochemical Machining research.

Study on the Impact and Mechanism of the Quality of Host Country Institutions on China's OFDI

In recent years, the scale of China's Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has grown rapidly, but with the increasingly complex and changeable international environment, China's OFDI is facing great pressure. Taking 159 countries as samples, this paper selects 10 secondary indicators from the three dimensions of politics, economy, and law to construct the evaluation system of host country institutional quality, and measures the host country institutional quality from 2011 to 2021, studies the influence of host country institutional quality on China's OFDI and the intermediary mechanism, and conducts heterogeneity test. The conclusion shows that the improvement of host country's institutional quality significantly promotes the inflow of China's OFDI, and at the same time, the improvement of host country's institutional quality can improve the country's scientific and technological innovation ability and infrastructure construction level, and ultimately promote the increase of China's OFDI. This promoting effect is more obvious in low-middle-income countries and countries that have signed the Belt and Road agreements. Finally, suggestions are put forward based on the conclusions.

The students’ and the Lecturers’ Perspectives towards Online Learning for Translation Course during the Pandemic Covid-19

Before the COVID-19 pandemic which broke out in early 2020, most of the classes in many universities in Indonesia were conducted offline (traditional classes). After the outbreak of COVID-19, most institutions had to do online teaching-learning due to government policies to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Both students and educators realized that online learning was effective for them to fulfill the learning outcomes. In early 2023, many institutions in many countries started to conduct face-to-face classes again due to the decrease of the coronavirus spread. This research aims to find out the perspective of the students in the Translation class in both online and offline classes, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers want to find out the solutions that both the students and the lecturers suggest for a better method of conducting a Translation course. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The data are taken from the interview session and the questionnaires. The respondents are the students and lecturers of Translation courses at Universitas Kristen Indonesia and Universitas Gunadarma. This research found that the online teaching and learning process is effective for students and educators.

Tracing the contribution of cattle farms to methane emissions through bibliometric analyses

Methane contributes to global warming, and livestock is one of the sources of methane production. However, methane emission studies using bibliometric tools in livestock are lacking. Given the negative impact of climate change on the ecosystem and the rise in methane emissions, it is essential to conduct a bibliometrics study to provide an overview and research trends. We used the Bibliometrix package and VOSviewer to decipher bibliometric indices for methane emissions in cattle farms (MECF). Current dataset were collected from the Web of Science (Core Collection) database, and 8,998 publications were analyzed. The most co-occurring keywords scientists preferred were methane (1528), greenhouse gas (443), methane emissions (440), and cattle (369). Methane was the most frequently used keyword in the published scientific literature. Thematic evolution of research themes and trend results highlighted carbon dioxide, methane, dairy cattle, cattle, and risk factors during 1999-2017. Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked on top with 485 publications, followed by Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, University of Colorado, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Aarhus University. Chinese Academy of Sciences was also the most cited organization, followed by the University of Colorado, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and United States Geological Survey. Source analysis showed that the Science of the Total Environment was cited with the highest total link strength. “Science of the Total Environment” ranked first in source core 1 with 290 citation frequencies, followed by “Journal of Dairy Science” with 223 citation frequencies. Currently, no bibliometric study has been conducted on MECF, and to fill this knowledge gap, we carried out this study to highlight methane emissions in cattle farms, aiming at a climate change perspective. In this regard, we focused on the research productivity of countries authors, journals and institutions, co-occurrence of keywords, evolution of research trends, and collaborative networking. Based on relevance degree of centrality, methane emissions and greenhouse gases appeared as basic themes, cattle, and dairy cattle appeared as emerging/declining themes, whereas, methane, greenhouse gas and nitrous oxide appeared to fall amongst basic and motor themes. On the other hand, beef cattle, rumen and dairy cow seem to be between motor and niche themes, and risk factors lie in niche themes. The present bibliometric analysis provides research progress on methane emissions in cattle farms. Current findings may provide a framework for understanding research trends and themes in methane emissions in cattle farms (MECF) research.