Institute Of Physical Chemistry Research Articles

A method of physicochemical treatment of the wood pulp based on cold refining

We develop a universal method of physicochemical refining of the market wood pulp to the level given by the requirements of State standards for fibrous semi-finished products for deep chemical processing into various functional derivatives and artificial materials (Na-CMC, colloxylin, pyroxylin, viscose and cordage fibers). An experimental laboratory modular setup was designed and manufactured at the Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics (RAS). The modification includes the following stages: preparation of the raw materials, chemical modification, washing, and drying of the final product. At the first stage the original market pulp was dispersed to obtain a homogeneous suspension, cleaned and dried. After washing, the refined cellulose was dried in two stages: i) microwave drying to a moisture content of 45 - 50%; ii) convective drying with warm air to a moisture content of 5 - 9%. The basis of chemical modification is the stage of cold refining. Compared to other methods of refining wood pulp (acid-alkali treatment, hot refining) cold refining does not require special equipment which operate at elevated temperature and pressure. The developed procedure of physicochemical modification of the market wood pulp is universal, since it has no restrictions on the brand of the initial raw material. Depending on the quality requirements to the final product, the proposed method provides obtaining all brand of cellulose for chemical processing — viscose cellulose, acetate cellulose, cord cellulose. Mass fraction of the alpha-cellulose in the final product ranges from 93 to 99%.

ADSORPTION DEFORMATION OF MICROPOROUS CARBON ADSORBENT FAS AT ADSORP-TION OF WATER AND ACETONE VAPORS

For the first time, complex studies were carried out on adsorption deformation – sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS at adsorption of water and acetone vapors from the flow of carrier gas – nitrogen in non-equilibrium conditions. The results of this phenomenon were analyzed and the laws of the sorption of the microporous carbon adsorbent FAS during the adsorption of substances of different classes and different purposes in non-equilibrium conditions are established. In work a microporous carbon adsorbent FAS, obtained on the basis of furfural was used. Active coals on the basis of thermosetting plastics grades of FAS are significantly better than commercially-produced carbon adsorbents based on coal and peat on their mechanical properties and low ash content at a much greater development of the volume of the adsorbent micropores. We used the facility for studies of adsorption deformation of a solid adsorbent, manufactured in the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of RAS. For the measurements we used a flow dilatometer, allowing measuring the adsorption deformation of the adsorbent while passing through it portions of the test substance or mixture in the carrier gas flow. It is shown that exit time of curves of sorbostriction to the maximum is individually for each of the studied substances, which enables you to use the effect of sorbostriction to detect the presence of certain substances in the mixture. The results of the wave sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS at adsorption of water and acetone vapors from the flow of carrier gas - nitrogen allow to conclude on the high selectivity of adsorption and the possibility of using the adsorbent as a sensor to control the content of these substances in a flow of nitrogen.

История развития коррозионных исследований в Институте физической химии РАН. Ч. XIV. Ингибиторы кислотной коррозии

История развития коррозионных исследований в Институте физической химии РАН. Ч. XIV. Ингибиторы кислотной коррозии

Обеспечение микробиологической безопасности пищевой продукции с применением ионизационного облучения

Работа посвящена обоснованию возможности применения ионизирующего облучения в пищевой отрасли с целью снижения микробиологической обсемененности сельскохозяйственной и пищевой продукции в процессе использования и долгосрочного хранения. Целью данных исследований является обоснование возможности применения радиационного облучения в пищевой отрасли. В исследование по эффективности угнетения микроорганизмов использовали следующие штаммы: Escherichia coli ATCC полученный из штамма ВКМ В 114191, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (f-49)2 полученный из штамма ВКМ201189 и Salmonella entrica subsp. Enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 140283. Облучение проводили на ускорителе УЭЛВ-10-10-С-70 Центра коллективного пользования физическими методами исследования в «Институте физической химии и электрохимии им. А.Н. Фрумкина Российской Академии Наук». Результаты исследований показали зависимость устойчивости изучаемых штаммов микроорганизмов. Исследования показали, что наиболее устойчивыми к ионизационному облучению являются штамм Salmonella и E. coli, меньше устойчив штамм микроорганизмов S. aureus. Зависимость количества микроорганизмов от дозы облучения носит немонотонный, полимодальный характер – при обработке тест культур ионизационным облучением от 4 до 5 кГр наблюдается увеличение роста микроорганизмов для всех условий обработки, и только затем их ингибирование. При увеличении доз облучения свыше 5 кГр уровень возникающих клеточных радиационных повреждений будет превышать возможности снижения их защитными механизмами клетки и кривые доза–эффект будут соответствовать обычной линейной или квадратично-линейной функции. Снижение количества клеток при облучении до 4 кГр можно объяснить тем, что при низких дозах, сравнимых с уровнем естественной радиации, степень повреждения ДНК микроорганизмов слишком мала, чтобы активизировать адекватный уровень ферментативной репарации.

On the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation, the Greenhouse Effect, and Activation Energy in (Electro)Catalysis: A Tribute to Svante Augustus Arrhenius.

Svante Augustus Arrhenius (1859, Vik - 1927, Stockholm) received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation". Arrhenius was a physicist, and he received his PhD from the University of Uppsala, where he later became a professor for phyiscal chemistry, the first in the country for this subject. He was offered several positions as professor abroad, but decided to remain in Sweden and to build a Nobel Institute for physical chemistry using the Nobel funds. He remained director of the Institute until his death. There are powerful lessons to take from Svante August Arrhenius' journey leading to a Nobel laureate as there are from his tremendous contributions to chemistry and science in general, including climate science, immunochemistry and cosmology. The theory of electrolytic dissociation for which Arrhenius received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has had a profound impact on our understanding of the chemistry of solutions, chemical reactivity, mechanisms underlying chemical transformations as well as physiological processes. As a tribute to Arrhenius, we present a brief historical perspective and present status of the theory of electrolytic dissociation, its relevance and role to the development of electrochemistry, as well as some perspectives on the possible role of the theory to future advancements in electroanalysis, electrocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage. The review briefly highlights Arrhenius' contribution to climate science owing to his studies on the potential effects of increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the global climate. These studies were far ahead of their time and revealed a daunting global dilemma, global warming, that we are faced with today. Efforts to abate or reverse CO2 accumulation constitute one of the most pressing scientific problems of our time, "man's urgent strive to save self from the adverse effects of his self-orchestrated change on the climate". Finally, we review the application of the Arrhenius equation that correlates reaction rate constants (k) and temperature (T); , in determining reaction barriers in catalysis with a particular focus on recent modifications of the equation to account for reactions exhibiting non-linear Arrhenius behavior with concave curvature due to prevalence of quantum mechanical tunneling, as well as infrequent convexity of Arrhenius plots due to decrease of the microcanonical rate coefficient with energy as observed for some enzyme catalyzed reactions.

To the 100th Anniversary of the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry

To the 100th Anniversary of the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry

Artificial Photosynthesis: Learning from Nature

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Sariciftci at the Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)/Institute of Physical Chemistry at Johannes Kepler University Linz (Austria). The image shows three bioinspired strategies for highly efficient and robust artificial photosynthesis: a) accumulative charge transfer, b) photoprotection, and c) self‐healing (right to left). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cptc.201700163.

SORBOSTRICTION OF MICROPOROUS CARBON ADSORBENT FAS-3 AT ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES VAPORS FROM NITROGEN FLOW

For the first time, complex studies were carried out on adsorption deformation – sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 at adsorption of hexane, benzene and carbon tetrachloride from the flow of carrier gas – nitrogen in non-equilibrium conditions. The results of this phenomenon were analyzed. In work a microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3, obtained on the basis of furfural was used. Active coals on the basis of thermosetting plastics grades of FAS are significantly better than commercially-produced carbon adsorbents based on coal and peat on their mechanical properties and low ash content at a much greater development of the volume of the adsorbent micropores. We used the facility for studies of adsorption deformation of a solid adsorbent, manufactured in the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of RAS. For the measurements we used a flow dilatometer, allowing measuring the adsorption deformation of the adsorbent while passing through it portions of the test substance or mixture in the carrier gas flow. It is shown that values of the maxima on the curves of deformation increase with increasing the concentrations of the components of the mixture. The area under the curve of barbastelle depends on the amount of injected material in a flow of carrier gas. Exit time curves of barbastelle to the maximum is individually for each of the studied substances, which enables you to use the effect of barbastelle to detect the presence of certain substances in the mixture. The results of the wave sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 at adsorption of benzene, hexane, carbon tetrachloride from the flow of carrier gas - nitrogen allow to conclude on the high selectivity of adsorption and the possibility of using the adsorbent as a sensor to control the content of these substances in a flow of nitrogen.For citation:Zaytsev D.S., Tvardovskiy A.V., Shkolin A.V., Fomkin A.A. Sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS-3 at adsorption of organic substances vapors from nitrogen flow. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 54-59.

125 YearsZeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie

125 Years<i>Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie</i>

Formation of titanium and niobium aluminides induced by hydrogen in a hydride cycle

The results of our study of formation of aluminides by the hydride cycle (HC) method in Ti–Al and Ti–Al–Nb systems and of their hydrides under the conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis are presented. The HC method was developed at the High-Temperature Synthesis Laboratory of the Nalbandyan Institute of Chemical Physics, Armenian Academy of Sciences. The effect of various parameters: the ratio of titanium and niobium hydrides and aluminum powders in the reaction mixture, hydride powder grain size (micro and nano size), compacting pressure during compaction of hydrides, and conditions of dehydrogenation and sintering (heating temperature and rate) on the characteristics of the obtained aluminides: crystal structure, density, etc. was studied. As a result, single-phase aluminides α2-Ti3Al, Ti2Al, γ-TiAl, TiAl3, Ti0.33Al0.34Nb0.33, Ti0.5Al0.23Nb0.27, Ti0.52Al0.15Nb0.33, TiAl6Nb, etc., and hydrides were synthesized. The HC method has significant advantages over conventional procedures: low temperature (1000–1100°C) and processing time (30–60 min), one-stage formation of single-phase aluminides, etc.

Hepatic Vitamin A Content Investigation Using Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the research group of Prof. Dr. Jürgen Popp at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology. The image shows how coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is used to map the distribution of vitamin A localized in the hepatic stellate cells of the liver. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600929.

II International Conference on Plasma and Laser Research and Technologies

II Conference on Plasma and Laser Research and Technologies took place on January 25th until January 27th, 2016 at National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (NRNU MEPhI). It was organized by the Institute of Laser and Plasma Technologies and was supported by the Competitiveness Program of NRNU MEPhI.The Conference consisted of four sections: Plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion, Laser physics, Modern aspects of solid state matter physics and Charged particle accelerators. The Conference provided participants an opportunity to present their research results for the consideration of a wide audience from the sidelines of science.The main topics of the Conference were:• Controlled nuclear fusion with magnetic and inertial confinement;• Low-temperature plasma and its application in modern technology;• Laser physics and technologies for industry, environmental control and precise measurements;• Optical information control, holography, spintronics and photonics;• Modern aspects of solid state matter physics and nanophysics;• Charged particle accelerators.More than 200 specialists on plasma, laser and solid state physics took part in the II Conference. They represented leading Russian scientific research centres and universities (such as Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Thermonuclear Research, Institute of Crystallography, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry and others) and universities from Belarus, Ukraine, Germany, USA, Canada, Belgium, and Sweden.All report presentations were broadcasted online on the NRNU MEPhI official site. The translation was watched by viewers from Moscow, Prague, St. Petersburgh and other cities, who could not attend the Conference.We would like to thank heartily all of the speakers, participants and organizing committee members for their contribution to the conference.

Extraction centrifugal generator of 188Re and radiopharmaceuticals based on it for radionuclide therapy

The results of the development of a medical-purpose extraction 188Re generator and of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals are presented. The main advantage of this generator is the possibility of using as starting material tungsten oxide of natural isotope composition, irradiated in a reactor with medium neutron flux [(1.0–1.4) × 1014n cm–2 s–1]. Separation of the parent 188W and daughter 188Re was performed in a centrifugal semicounter-current contactor developed at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. The 188Re yield is about 90%, and the radiochemical purity (Na188ReO4 content) is ≥95%. The content of the 188W impurity is less than 1 × 10–3% relative to the 188Re activity, and the content of other radionuclides is less than 1 × 10–4%. The resulting Na188ReO4 solution was registered as “Active pharmaceutical substance” and was used in the development and subsequent preclinical trials of several radiopharmaceuticals for radionuclide therapy of pain syndrome accompanying the development of cancer metastases into the skeleton, and also for radiosynovectomy.

Comment on “Observation of the Marcus Inverted Region for Bimolecular Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Viscous Media”

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTComment on “Observation of the Marcus Inverted Region for Bimolecular Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Viscous Media”Gonzalo Angulo*†, Arnulf Rosspeintner‡, Marius Koch§, and Eric Vauthey‡View Author Information† Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland‡ Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland§ Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, 08540 Princeton, New Jersey, United States*G. Angulo. Fax: +48 22 343 33 33. Tel: +48 22 343 20 86. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2016, 120, 36, 9800–9803Publication Date (Web):August 18, 2016Publication History Received1 July 2016Revised24 July 2016Published online30 August 2016Published inissue 15 September 2016https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06610Copyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views937Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (495 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Kinetic parameters,Solvents,Transfer reactions,Viscosity Get e-Alerts

H2O2 Generation at a Carbon‐Paste Electrode with Decamethylferrocene in 2‐Nitrophenyloctyl Ether as a Binder: Catalytic Effect of MoS2 Particles

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Marcin Opallo at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences (Warsaw, Poland). The image shows the mechanism of scanning electrochemical microscopy detection of hydrogen peroxide generated at a liquid|liquid interface. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201600242.

New horizons of small-tonnage gas chemistry

The growing role of natural gas and, consequently, gas chemistry in the economy of the 21st century requires the formation of new gas chemical processes, more flexible in relation to raw materials and end products and profitable even for fine chemicals. Basic research and development conducted at the RAS Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics jointly with the Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS, could become the basis for the creation of a new generation of gas chemical technologies.

РH process as a technology for reprocessing mixed uranium–plutonium fuel from BREST-OD-300 reactor

A technology for reprocessing mixed uranium–plutonium nitride fiel (MUPN) from BREST reactor is considered. The technology should ensure reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel with the storage time after irradiation of no more than 1 year, 10–15% content of fissile materials (FM), and burn-up of 10% of heavy atoms. The target product of the technology is a mixture of actinide oxides separated from fission products with the separation factor of ~106. A PH (Pyro–Hydro) process was suggested for MUPN SNF reprocessing. It involves pyroelectrochemical fuel reprocessing with separation of U, Np, and Pu from the major fraction of fission products responsible for the heat release from the fuel and for the radiation load on process media, a series of hydrometallurgical operations for final purification of the target products (U–Pu–Np–Am), and radioactive waste (RW) management. The PH process is being developed since 2011 by the teams from the Bochvar High-Tech Research Institute of Inorganic Materials, Khlopin Radium Institute, and Research Institute of Atomic Reactors with active participation of the Leading Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Siberian Chemical Combine, and institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, primarily Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry and Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry.

Corrigendum: Structure of promoter-bound TFIID and model of human pre-initiation complex assembly.

Nature 531, 604–609 (2016); doi:10.1038/nature17394 In this Article, author Pablo Chacon should have affiliation 4 (Department of Biological Physical Chemistry, Rocasolano Physical Chemistry Institute, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain), not affiliation 3. This error has been corrected online.

How strontium-substitution of calcium phosphate bone cements affects their resorption by osteoclasts

Event Abstract Back to Event How strontium-substitution of calcium phosphate bone cements affects their resorption by osteoclasts Matthias Schumacher1, Alena S. Wagner2, Julia Kokesch-Himmelreich3, Anne Bernhardt1, Marcus Rohnke3, Sabine Wenisch2 and Michael Gelinsky1 1 Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany 2 Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, Germany 3 Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Germany Introduction: Since strontium was discovered to exert a stimulating effect on the bone turnover[1] a number of approaches have been proposed to obtain Sr-releasing bone cements for the local delivery of therapeutically active Sr-ions into a specific bone defect[2]. However, while the stimulating effect of several cement formulations on bone forming cells has been demonstrated in vitro[3] and some in vivo studies revealed a positive effect of such substitution on bone defect healing, no studies on the osteoclastic resorption of Sr-laden calcium phosphate cements (SrCPC) have been published so far. In this work we demonstrate how SrCPC do not prevent osteoclastogenesis but effectively reduce the osteoclastic resorption activity in vitro which might be beneficial for applications in systemically altered, especially osteoporotic bone lesions. Materials and Methods: SrCPC were obtained by substitution of Ca2+ with Sr2+ via partial or total replacement of CaCO3 by SrCO3 (denoted as S50 and S100, respectively) in an α-TCP based, hydroxyapatite forming cement system (CPC)[3]. Sr-ion release in cell culture media was studied using ICP-MS and the effect of corresponding Sr-concentrations on osteoclast-like cells (OC) obtained from human buffy-coat derived primary monocytes via stimulation with M-CSF and RANKL was studied. Furthermore, cells were directly seeded on SrCPC and analysed with respect to morphology, gene expression (TRAP, Cathepsin K) and enzyme activity of OC markers (TRAP, carbonic anhydrase II) as well as resorption pit formation. Intracellular Sr-concentration was assessed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Results and Discussion: SrCPC were shown to sustainably release 0.05-0.15 mM strontium depending on the degree of substitution. OC-related enzyme activity was reduced at >0.01 mM strontium, but formation of OC-like cells could be detected up to 1 mM strontium. Accordingly multinucleated, TRAP-positive cells could be found on SrCPC as well as on the Sr-free reference. This is of importance, since the presence of OC in the bone regenerative niche and their expression of paracrine factors is crucial for bone healing. OC-specific gene expression as well as activity of OC marker enzymes was altered, however not uniformly reduced on SrCPC. In contrast, a drastic decrease of resorption activity with increasing strontium content by means of resorption pit formation (Fig. 1A) and diameter (B) could be detected on SrCPC, which could be related to the intracellular uptake of Sr2+ (ToF-SIMS). Figure 1: SEM imaging of resorption pits on CPC and Sr-releasing cements S50 and S100 (A) as well as quantitative evaluation of the resorption pit area (B). Conclusions: In addition to their ability to stimulate bone forming cells[2],[3], SrCPC were shown to reduce the resorption activity, but not the formation of bone resorbing cells in vitro in this work. These findings could help to understand the overall stimulating effect of Sr-releasing cements on bone defect healing. This work was funded by the DFG within the projects M2, M5 and B5 of the SFB Transregio 79.

Express Screening of Biological Objects Using Multisensor Stripping Voltamperometry with Pattern Recognition

Express diagnostics of biological objects is necessary for operational preliminary assessment of the condition of the patient. A method of recognition of differences between the norm and pathology is based on analysis of multidimensional patterns of the voltamperogram electrochemical test systems in Electronic formats “language”, “electronic nose”. The basis of such systems is the use of a set (matrix) sensor with completely different characteristics. A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS (IPCE) developed a method for multidimensional stripping voltammetry, which allowed you to provide information on biological matter being investigated not as a number, as a response to a single dimension, and in the form of N-dimensional image. Formats are implemented in the process of electrochemical studies of liquid or gaseous phase. Evaluating the closeness of the resulting image object under test with known samples is collected in a database. Examples of express diagnostics of glaucoma are with accordance of the results of the electrochemical research of blood serum.