Member Institutions Research Articles

Current state of quality improvement research across cardiac ICUs: a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (PCICS) survey.

Outcomes for children with heart disease improved over the past decades. Quality improvement (QI) research in paediatric cardiac critical care is a key driver of improvement. The availability and variability of QI research across the field is unknown. This project represents a step in understanding the role. The Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (PCICS) can serve to support institutions' needs, drive collaborations, and utilise available infrastructure at member institutions for improvement work. The PCICS Quality Improvement and Safety Committee developed a survey to assess the state of QI research. The survey was disseminated over several months and available via QR code at the World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in 2023. Fifty-eight respondents completed the survey representing at least 38 unique institutions. Most respondents participated in QI research (52/58, 90%). Most QI projects were single centre (41% of respondents), and of those, the majority were from a minority of institutions (13 institutions [34% of total institutions]). QI support is available at slightly more than half of units, and 55% (32/58) have access to a QI specialist. QI support and rate of publications is significantly lower for small/medium units as compared to large units. Respondents suggested most interest from PCICS in networking with other members with similar project ideas (50/58, 86%). PCICS member institutions are committed to QI research, with limitations in support, local specialists, and networking. Increasing connectivity and accessibility to QI resources may reduce burden to individual members and institutions to achieve QI research.

Capitalizing on sport labor migration: The role of ethnic capitalism in the discriminatory, regulatory, and exploitative environment for international college athletes in the United States

International college athletes (ICAs) are integral to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and lie at a particular social location as they are international students and college sport laborers. However, little research examines the discriminatory regulations toward ICAs by the NCAA, its member institutions, and the US federal government. Recent court rulings that permit college athletes to monetize their name, image, and likeness (NIL) do not benefit ICAs because of outdated and exclusionary restrictions imposed by federal immigration policies, visa laws, and US tax laws, which prohibit ICAs from having equitable rights, building their personal brand and professional careers. To examine the discrimination, regulation, and exploitation of ICAs by the US federal government and the NCAA, we apply the theory of ethnic capitalism, which highlights the marginalization of groups based on their ethnicity and national origin. In this setting, ICAs are treated as bodies of athletic labor, recruited for institutional gain and athletic program reputation to benefit US higher education institutions (HEIs). To conclude, we propose the need for the NCAA and its member institutions to treat ICAs equitably and include, support, and advocate for them, specifically regarding their inclusion in NIL on US lands.

7428 Clinical and Radiological Characterization and Outcomes of Lipid-Poor Adrenal Masses- A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Abstract Disclosure: V. Balderrama-Brondani: None. R. Al-ward: None. K. Kiseljak-Vassiliades: None. L.M. Fishbein: None. D.A. Kirelik: None. O. Hamidi: None. R. Pishdad: None. H.K. Ghayee: None. M. Sukkari: None. S.S. Bedrose: None. A.H. Hamrahian: None. M.A. Habra: None. Background: Lipid-poor adrenal masses (LPAMs) with pre-contrast radiodensity >10 Hounsfield Units (HU) on computed tomography (CT) represent ∼25% of adrenal tumors. There is limited data about the natural history of LPAMs; therefore, we evaluated a large series of patients with LPAMs to describe the radiological and clinical features and outcomes of these cases. Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study of patients with LPAMs with a baseline diameter of 10-39 mm and derived from 6 institution members of the American-Australian-Asian Adrenal Alliance (A5). We excluded suspected or proven adrenal metastasis, pheochromocytoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, myelolipoma, infiltrative lesions, and adrenal hemorrhage, as well as patients with personal/familial history of genetic predisposition to adrenal neoplasms. The data is presented in percentage and median (range). Results: A total of 242 adrenal masses from 218 patients were evaluated, but only 225 (93%) masses met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The age was 58 (23-92), and 61% were women. LPAMs were incidentally discovered in 155 (71.1%) cases, 32 (14.7%) cases were diagnosed due to hormonal overproduction, and 17 (7.8%) due to pain/mass effect. Forty-six (21.1%) patients were on surveillance for a history of extra adrenal malignancy. Masses were unilateral in 89.9% (left side, 57.1%), with size 21 (10-38) mm, with a pre-contrast density of 24 (11-136) HU. Absolute washout was reported in 107 LPAMs and was >60% in 73 (68.2%) cases. The follow-up time was 44.4 (0.9-241) months. Hormonal overproduction developed during the follow-up in 23 (10.5%) cases as follows: cortisol in 15 (6.9%), aldosterone in 4 (1.8%), and sex hormones in 3 (1.4%) cases. LPAM growth rate was 0.03 (-2.18-11.59) cm/year. Seventy-one masses (31.5%) underwent diagnostic procedures (surgery/biopsy) with adrenocortical adenoma (n=37; 52.1%) and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) (n=25; 35.2%) being the two most common diagnoses. The tumor growth rate of pathologically confirmed adenomas was 0.03 (-0.30-10.50) cm/year, and of ACC was 1.31 (0.03-11.59) cm/year. A total of 154 (68.4%) LPAMs remained under surveillance at the end of the study, with a follow-up time of 51.8 (6-241) months and a tumor growth rate of 0.02 (-2.18-1.36) cm/year. Forty-five (20.6%) LPAMs decreased by 2 mm (1-13) during the study period. Cases that proved to be ACC had the most significant tumor growth rate over the study (p<0.001). The median time between the initial discovery of LPAM and the surgical resection of ACC cases was 34 (6-128) months. Conclusion: Our study showed that LPAMs carry significant malignant potential, and close long-term follow-up is warranted when surgical resection is not pursued. Prospective studies are critically needed to validate our findings and to establish high-risk molecular, imaging, and biochemical features associated with malignancy. Presentation: 6/2/2024

9294 Clinical and Radiological Characterization And Outcomes of Lipid-Poor Adrenal Masses- A Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Abstract Disclosure: V. Balderrama-Brondani: None. R. Al-ward: None. K. Kiseljak-Vassiliades: None. L.M. Fishbein: None. D.A. Kirelik: None. O. Hamidi: None. R. Pishdad: None. H.K. Ghayee: None. M. Sukkari: None. S.S. Bedrose: None. A.H. Hamrahian: None. M.A. Habra: None. Background: Lipid-poor adrenal masses (LPAMs) with pre-contrast radiodensity >10 Hounsfield Units (HU) on computed tomography (CT) represent ∼25% of adrenal tumors. There is limited data about the natural history of LPAMs; therefore, we evaluated a large series of patients with LPAMs to describe the radiological and clinical features and outcomes of these cases. Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study of patients with LPAMs with a baseline diameter of 10-39 mm and derived from 6 institution members of the American-Australian-Asian Adrenal Alliance (A5). We excluded suspected or proven adrenal metastasis, pheochromocytoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, myelolipoma, infiltrative lesions, and adrenal hemorrhage, as well as patients with personal/familial history of genetic predisposition to adrenal neoplasms. The data is presented in percentage and median (range). Results: A total of 242 adrenal masses from 218 patients were evaluated, but only 225 (93%) masses met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The age was 58 (23-92), and 61% were women. LPAMs were incidentally discovered in 155 (71.1%) cases, 32 (14.7%) cases were diagnosed due to hormonal overproduction, and 17 (7.8%) due to pain/mass effect. Forty-six (21.1%) patients were on surveillance for a history of extra adrenal malignancy. Masses were unilateral in 89.9% (left side, 57.1%), with size 21 (10-38) mm, with a pre-contrast density of 24 (11-136) HU. Absolute washout was reported in 107 LPAMs and was >60% in 73 (68.2%) cases. The follow-up time was 44.4 (0.9-241) months. Hormonal overproduction developed during the follow-up in 23 (10.5%) cases as follows: cortisol in 15 (6.9%), aldosterone in 4 (1.8%), and sex hormones in 3 (1.4%) cases. LPAM growth rate was 0.03 (-2.18-11.59) cm/year. Seventy-one masses (31.5%) underwent diagnostic procedures (surgery/biopsy) with adrenocortical adenoma (n=37; 52.1%) and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) (n=25; 35.2%) being the two most common diagnoses. The tumor growth rate of pathologically confirmed adenomas was 0.03 (-0.30-10.50) cm/year, and of ACC was 1.31 (0.03-11.59) cm/year. A total of 154 (68.4%) LPAMs remained under surveillance at the end of the study, with a follow-up time of 51.8 (6-241) months and a tumor growth rate of 0.02 (-2.18-1.36) cm/year. Forty-five (20.6%) LPAMs decreased by 2 mm (1-13) during the study period. Cases that proved to be ACC had the most significant tumor growth rate over the study (p<0.001). The median time between the initial discovery of LPAM and the surgical resection of ACC cases was 34 (6-128) months. Conclusion: Our study showed that LPAMs carry significant malignant potential, and close long-term follow-up is warranted when surgical resection is not pursued. Prospective studies are critically needed to validate our findings and to establish high-risk molecular, imaging, and biochemical features associated with malignancy. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Gastric conduit reconstruction after esophagectomy.

A high risk of complications still accompanies gastric conduit reconstruction after esophagectomy. In this narrative review, we summarize the technological progress and the problems of gastric conduit reconstruction after esophagectomy. Several types of gastric conduits exist, including the whole stomach and the narrow gastric tube. The clinical outcomes are similar between the two types of conduits. Sufficient blood supply to the conduit is mandatory for a successful esophageal reconstruction. Recently, due to the availability of equipment and its convenience, indocyanine green angiography has been rapidly spreading. When the blood perfusion of the planning anastomotic site is insufficient, several techniques, such as the Kocher maneuver, pedunculated gastric tube with duodenal transection, and additional microvascular anastomosis, exist to decrease the risk of anastomotic failure. There are two different anastomotic sites, cervical and thoracic, and mainly two reconstructive routes, retrosternal and posterior mediastinal routes. Meta-analyses showed no significant difference in outcomes between the anastomotic sites as well as the reconstructive routes. Anastomotic techniques include hand-sewn, circular, and linear stapling. Anastomoses using linear stapling is advantageous in decreasing anastomosis-related complications. Arteriosclerosis and poorly controlled diabetes are the risk factors for anastomotic leakage, while a narrow upper mediastinal space and a damaged stomach predict leakage. Although standardization among the institutional team members is essential to decrease anastomotic complications, surgeons should learn several technical options for predictable or unpredictable intraoperative situations.

Telehealth Education in Athletic Training

Context: Within the broad telehealth education literature, there are numerous case studies and position statements from various associations of model practices. Little is known about how athletic training is addressing telehealth education. Objective: To determine how athletic training education programs teach, assess, and structure telehealth content. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Online survey instrument Patients or Other Participants: An institutional athletic training faculty member from 82 athletic training programs in the United States. Data Collection and Analysis: The survey contained the validated Telehealth Evaluative Content in Higher Education (TECHE) instrument, which consisted of descriptive items focused on how education programs teach, assess, and deliver telehealth education content. Data were cleaned and basic descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: Of the program faculty that responded, 49% (n=39) reported that their program includes telehealth content. Specifically, 19 programs (49%) taught about the knowledge, skills, and abilities using multiple presentations across the curriculum (42%, n = 8) ,including techniques such as class discussions (68%, n = 13) and lectures (63%, n = 12). For assessment, 17 programs (44%) included simulations (65%, n = 11) evaluated most commonly by faculty (82%, n = 14). Only 14 (36%) programs created telehealth clinical experiences including practice with simulated patients throughout all the domains of telehealth skills. When programs included telehealth clinical experiences, they mainly focused (28%, n = 16) on orthopedics and (26%, n = 15) on primary care experiences. Discussion: The development of telehealth content should be based on model practices and delivered across multiple curriculum presentations. Assessment should incorporate various perspectives and utilize different methods. Practice opportunities with classmates and simulated patients that require interpersonal communication, data gathering, and patient education should be developed. Conclusion: While a slight majority of programs do not teach telehealth content, those that do teach telehealth utilize various strategies. Most program faculty use simulations conducted by faculty to assess orthopedic and primary care telehealth content.

Entrepreneurship Education Around the World: A Study on Member Universities of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business

It has long been debated whether people are born entrepreneurs or if it is a combination of skills and knowledge that can be acquired through education and training. While there are passionate scholars on both sides of the debate, the increasing number of studies and programs focusing on training people on how to become entrepreneurs perhaps shows that the balance is shifting in favour of the latter side. The purpose of this study is to examine how universities are performing the task of teaching entrepreneurship by focusing on member institutions of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). A total of 461 out of 1794 institutions that are members of the AACSB member directory were examined for the study. First, descriptive statistics were used to determine the number of bachelor's and master's degree programs that focus directly on entrepreneurship education along with lower-level programs such as minors and certificates. This was supplemented by examining additional entrepreneurship-related best practices employed by these institutions, such as entrepreneurship centres or certificate programs. All analyses were bifurcated by examining results based on criteria such as educational level, geographical location, and AACSB accreditation. The results show that although almost all business schools have included some form of entrepreneurship courses in their curricula, the number of programs or degrees directly dedicated to entrepreneurship remains a minority. In addition to classroom teachings, some of these institutions offer innovative practices related to entrepreneurship, such as entrepreneurship scorecards, entrepreneurship competitions, and certificate programs. All data collected and analysed were used to develop an overview of undergraduate and graduate level entrepreneurship education to encourage institutions and individuals to develop entrepreneurship programs that cover all theoretical and applied aspects of entrepreneurship education to support aspiring entrepreneurs along their journey.

“What Is the ROI on That?”: Examining the Lack of Transition Support for Collegiate Athletes

While athletic role engulfment is positively correlated to athletic success, collegiate athletes also experience harmful effects from this role. As the socialization process to develop a salient athletic identity initially takes years, collegiate athletes typically face various challenges transitioning out of their athletic role. Although working within the contested and problematic context of intercollegiate athletics, athletic development staff are, ostensibly, employed to assist in the holistic development of collegiate athletes and occupy an integral role in mitigating athletes’ transitions and athletic role engulfment. Accordingly, the present study sought to examine the experiences and programmatic elements currently utilized by athletic development staff. Through in-depth interviews with 10 senior athletic development staff members at nine Atlantic Coast Conference member institutions, findings illustrate the difficulties in attempting to combat athletic role engulfment due to contradictory logic between intra-institutional members. We conceptualize that such competing institutional logic serves as the primary detriment of collegiate athletes’ preparedness for post-athletic transition.

Perceived outcomes of medical teaching institute reforms: insights from management, faculty, and administration in Pakistani tertiary health care

ObjectiveThe study aims to explore the perceived outcomes of Medical Teaching Institution (MTI) reforms on autonomy and overall performance within tertiary healthcare institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2023 to March 2024, involving interviews with frontline staff, administrative personnel, and senior management within MTI-affiliated institutions. The methodology employed, using both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques.ResultsThe study showed that institutional staff members’ knowledge and understanding of the MTI changes differed. Some observed very minor adjustments, while others saw advances in hospital operations and service delivery. Administrative complexity, political meddling, and resource allocation problems were noted as challenges. Positive results were also observed, though, and they included improved infrastructure, possibilities for staff training, and decision-making procedures.ConclusionDespite significant improved, there are still challenges, such as inconsistent staff comprehension, mixed impacts on service delivery, resource allocation issues, and political meddling. Addressing these issues necessitates improved communication, continuous evaluation, and coordinated efforts to improve administrative systems and obtain consistent funding.

“What master do you serve?” Struggles in university EDI committees

In light of the recent suspension of the Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) advisory group by UK Research and Innovation, this article invites a reflection from my observations as a member of an EDI committee of negative attitudes towards Advance Higher Education charters and EDI committees at higher education institutes. Using race equity as an example, I hope to suggest why these negative attitudes from institute members are by design inevitable, if the Advance Higher Education framework is the only angle in which EDI progress is understood.

Determinants of multiple maize technology package adoption in Ethiopia: evidence from the Sidama region

The adoption of improved agricultural technology packages is vital in Ethiopia, as the expansion of cultivable land appears nearly exhausted and population size has skyrocketed. However, the country has shown a low adoption rate. Thus, this study aimed to explore the factors that hinder or facilitate the adoption of multiple maize technology packages and intensity of adoption in the northern Sidama zone of Ethiopia. A multistage sampling procedure was applied to gather cross-sectional data from 424 farm households owning 545 maize plots. A multivariate probit and two-limit Tobit models were applied to address the study objectives. The conditional probability results confirmed that maize technology packages are complementary (positive relationship). This infers that agriculture-focused policies that influence the adoption of a single component of technology packages can have a reinforcing advantage over the adoption of other technologies. Furthermore, the results from the models showed that farmers with greater experience, family size, plot size, livestock and oxen ownership, number of maize plots owned, off-farm income, access to credit, extension services and membership in institutions are more likely to adopt at least one of the improved technology packages and achieved a better status of intensity of adoption. Therefore, it is crucial to reinforce and deliver quality extension services, provide credit access, motivate youth to be involved in farming activities, inspire membership and ease the system to access inputs and technologies for broader adoption of technology packages.

Inclusive Education in Latin American Universities: Proposal for A Care Model

In Latin America, policies on inclusive education in the university are implemented in an irrelevant way, despite the foundations that seek a university that guarantees in all students the learning, skills and competences they need. To try to provide solutions, the Social Model of Inclusive Education (MSEI) is proposed, which allows identifying management in inclusive education, by calculating the effectiveness index, using the cause-effect structure among three variables: i) policies in inclusive education, ii) conditions presented by students and iii) attitudes towards students. The variables are derived into indicator variables, developing items that allow the collection of information with all the members of a higher education institution; thus formalizing a mathematical model of structural equations. The MSEI was applied as a pilot plan in a higher education institution in Ecuador, showing that the management effectiveness index in inclusive education is 60.3%, related to a work of greater weight in indicator variables such as: support that provides the educational institution to the students, the socio-economic situation of the students and the differentiated assessment of learning.

공공기관의 사회적 기업가 정신이 ESG경영을 통해 조직성과에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social entrepreneurship in public institutions on organizational performance through ESG management in a situation where social entrepreneurship is receiving attention as an innovative solution as more and more social problems are emerging in modern society. That is, this study aimed to examine whether social entrepreneurship, which is a public institution's disposition and organizational culture including proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking, and social-oriented, affects the sub-elements of ESG management, namely environment, society, and governance management, and improves organizational performance. A survey method was used to collect data to verify the research hypothesis and model. The survey was conducted for 30 days from March 5 to April 5, 2024, targeting members of public institutions in Gyeongsangbuk-do, and a total of 285 responses were received. After excluding 13 incomplete responses, 262 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26.0 and AMOS version 26.0 statistical programs. The analysis results showed that the social entrepreneurship spirit of public institutions, including proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking, and social-oriented, affects the sub-elements of ESG management, namely environment, society, and governance management, thereby improving organizational performance. The results of this study suggest that the social entrepreneurship spirit of public institutions is an important factor in improving management strategy and performance.

Sport in Times of Crisis: Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sport and Physical Exercise Habits of College Students at SEC Member Institutions

With the COVID-19 pandemic in the rear window, the sport industry ramped up efforts to evaluate the financial and cultural detriment of the global public health crisis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how the altered sport and physical exercise habits of college students at Southeastern Conference (SEC) member institutions impacted their physical and mental well-being. Drawing from social ecology theory, data were collected through a qualitative online survey consisting of open-ended questions, disseminated via email to SEC college students. Study findings indicate the critical role of access to physical exercise and sports in the overall well-being of society and may prove invaluable for addressing future public health emergencies and crises. Theoretical and practical recommendations include the development of sustainable outdoor recreation activities as well as coping strategies and alternatives to traditional sports and physical exercise (e.g., immersive virtual reality options).

Exploring Work–Life Balance among Female Staff Members (Teaching and Non-Teaching) in Higher Educational Institutions of Oman: A Study

This research investigates the intricacies of work–life balance among female staff members (including teaching and non-teaching) in higher educational institutions within the Sultanate of Oman. Despite the increasing participation of women in the workforce, achieving a satisfactory work–life balance remains a challenge. This study delves into the factors influencing work–life balance perceptions, considering individual, organizational, and cultural dynamics within the Omani context. Drawing on a quantitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 268 female respondents. The study explores the impact of factors such as organizational support, workload, family responsibilities, cultural norms, and career development opportunities on work–life balance. The findings reveal both strengths and areas for improvement within organizational support systems, workload management practices, and family-friendly policies. Additionally, cultural factors significantly influence work–life dynamics, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive interventions. Career development opportunities also play a crucial role in shaping work–life balance perceptions. Statistical analysis, including mean scores, provides insights into the areas of strength and concern, guiding recommendations for policy and practice improvements tailored to the educational sector in Oman. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the work–life balance complexities among female staff members (teaching and non-teaching) and offers insights for enhancing employee well-being and organizational effectiveness in Oman’s higher education institutions.

Evaluating The Challenges That Nursing Students Faced With E- Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Higher education institutions have been extremely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. E-learning was the option used during lockdown in Albania and all around the world. Students were obligated to interrupt face to face education and clinical practice. This situation put the academic institutions in difficulty because both lecturers, students and other members of university institutions have to face a new way of teaching and learning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the challenges that nursing students faced during online learning because of lockdown and offer solution to improve this way of teaching and learning. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at Faculty of Technical Medical Science, Tirana. Subjects: the population study were students of the third and fourth year of bachelor degree, master of science and professional master. They took part by voluntary way. Participants completed a self -administrated questionnaires. In this questionnaire there were questions related the efficiency of e-learning and problems related with it. Results: The highest percentage of students presented problems with the Internet during the study period; 40.1% of them did not agree to online learning; high percentage of results related to the inappropriateness of the online semester methodology; 46% of the interviewers do not believe in the continuation of online learning. Regarding the health problems, the students presented the highest percentage of headaches and stress. A significant association between gender, study field and stress level with p=0.000, p=0.002. The results are reported using descriptive statistics with counts and absolute percentages. A chi-square test was used to establish associations between variables. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 statistical package. Conclusions: Students showed no preference for distance learning versus face to face. Teachers should take appropriate steps to enhance e-teaching to improve it.

Factors Attracting International Students to Vietnamese Higher Education Institutions: The Case of Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh Cityy

This article investigates factors influencing international students’ decisions to study in member institutions of Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM). Employing qualitative data from interviews conducted with twenty international students from five Asian countries studying in four VNU-HCM’s member universities, the findings identify factors that attract the students to Vietnam and their host institutions. The data show that the students were “pulled” to Vietnam by various factors, among which access to scholarships and financial factors such as Vietnam’s bright economic prospects or job opportunities play crucial roles. Other than that, political and geographical proximity and fondness for Vietnamese language also have their say in international students’ destination choice of Vietnam. Regarding institutional pull factors, the reputation of the institutions in the students’ fields of demand is the most important, followed by influences from family, friends, and social media platforms. Against such findings, this article proposes several recommendations for VNU-HCM and its member institutions as well as other higher education institutions in Vietnam to attract more international students in the future.

Kedudukan dan Fungsi Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa di Desa Buar Kecamatan Rahong Utara Kabupaten Manggarai Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri dalam Negeri Nomor 18 Tahun 2018 Tentang Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa dan Lembaga Adat Desa

This study analyzes the position and function of village community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency based on Permendagri No. 18 of 2018. The method used in this study is an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 (Law No.23 of 2014) concerning Regional Government states that in the village a community institution can be established stipulated by Village Regulations guided by Laws and Regulations. In the general explanation of the Law, it is explained that in order to realize democratization and transparency of development at the community level and to encourage, motivate, and create access so that the community plays a more active role in development activities as well as assisting the village government in managing development and community empowerment, it is necessary to establish community institutions in the village. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position of Village Community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?, and (2) Factors Hindering the Implementation of the Authority of the Position of Village Community Institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the author concludes that the function of community institutions in the implementation of development in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency has not been maximized in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018. Some of the functions that have not been implemented include the preparation of development plans in a participatory manner, the shelter and distribution of community aspirations, and the increase of community participation in development. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the authority of Village Community institutions include lack of resources, limited knowledge and skills of village institution members, dependence on the central or regional government, corruption and nepotism practices, internal conflicts, and leadership instability.

Institutional structure and governance capability in universities: an empirical study from the perspectives of time, space, and quantity dimensions

Institutions are pivotal in university governance, symbolizing stable organizational power reflective of governance capacity. The strategic organization of a university’s internal structures aims to align with its developmental goals. The effectiveness of these arrangements is evaluated by their congruence with the university’s characteristics and norms, aiming to enhance governance for growth and sustainability. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to determine whether this layout can strengthen the university’s governance ability, enhancing its prospects for survival and development. This study introduces a novel theoretical framework across the dimensions of time, space, and quantity, utilizing governance elements to assess the impact of institutional layouts on governance capabilities. Data were gathered through a self-developed survey questionnaire, with a total of 742 valid responses collected, and by employing a high-dimensional fixed-effects model, we found that the three-dimensional institutional layouts significantly impact governance capabilities, with effects varying by the institution’s affiliation. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that university governance capabilities are also manifested through different configurations of governance elements under institutional layout, and are influenced by the responsiveness, collaboration, and expansion of the entire institutional system. Moreover, our analysis indicates a threshold effect in the tenure of institutional members, where both excessive and insufficient enthusiasm impact governance capabilities differently. This suggests the importance of a strategic institutional layout that aligns with the governance elements’ dynamics of timeliness, flexibility, distribution, and scarcity across time, space, and quantity. Achieving an optimal arrangement enhances the university’s governance efficiency significantly. In light of these findings, policy implications were proposed.

Attributes of Good Faculty as Perceived by Health Professions Students: A Qualitative Study

Background: Diverse perspectives have been documented regarding the attributes of outstanding university faculty members. It is crucial to consider the evolving demands and expectations of students at the University of Medical Sciences, which change with age and educational stages. Extracting students' opinions and expectations can yield valuable insights into the attributes required of faculty members in academic institutions. Objectives: This study aimed to identify health professions students’ perceptions of the attributes of a good faculty member. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach. The participants in this study were health professions students (medicine, nursing, midwifery, laboratory sciences, operating room technology, anesthesia, prehospital emergency, pharmacy, dentistry, and health) at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, who were purposefully selected. Study data were gathered by conducting in-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured personal interviews with 23 students, as well as a group interview with seven students. The data analysis followed the conventional content analysis approach, using the steps proposed by Lundman and Granheim. Results: Study participants’ perceptions of good faculty attributes fell into two main categories: Personality attributes and professional attributes. Personality attributes included appearance and personality traits. Professional attributes encompassed scientific and scholarly qualities, as well as teaching skills. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that study participants placed significant emphasis on both personality and professional attributes when defining good faculty characteristics. Sub-categories such as appearance, personality traits, scientific expertise, and teaching skills emerged as important factors shaping student perceptions of faculty members. This underscores the multifaceted nature of what constitutes an effective faculty member in students' eyes and highlights the importance of cultivating a diverse range of attributes within academia. Future research could delve deeper into each sub-category to refine our understanding of what truly defines effective faculty members.