Institutional Foundations Research Articles

Organizational factors influencing the growth of Canada’s scientific and research potential in the field of artificial intelligence

A comprehensive analysis of the Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy and its implementation measures aimed at the growth of Canada’s scientific and research potential in the field of artificial intelligence forms the foundation of this study. Canada’s selection as the subject of study is attributed to its distinction as a pioneering country to adopt a strategy of this nature, and proving its status through drafting the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act, known as AIDA. The authors have discerned and deliberated on the main organizational factors that have positioned Canada as one of the leading nations in artificial intelligence in accordance with AI country rankings. This article presents the components of the Pan-Canadian Strategy, encompassing principal tasks and areas, including the practical introduction of novel technologies due to second-phase commercialization. It outlines the key focus areas of Canada’s public policy, including research, development and retention of skilled professionals, and the creation of essential infrastructure. The article also consolidates some significant societal outcomes realized during its implementation while identifying current trends. The foundation and activities of national institutions are underscored as pivotal in fostering scientific and research potential, with special emphasis on the initiative to establish a new institute dedicated to the safety of artificial intelligence under the strong influence of AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park. The authors identify the key participants in the artificial intelligence ecosystem who have the most influence on implementing the Strategy. The conclusions drawn from the article aid in fostering a deeper comprehension of the role played by organizational and administrative processes in propelling advancements in the field of artificial intelligence. The favorable impact on societal development is highlighted, provided risks are mitigated. Given Ukraine’s historical association with high intellectual potential, the findings of this study can be instrumental in honing the national policy pertaining to artificial intelligence in Ukraine.

The Second Wave of Attention Economics. Attention as a Universal Symbolic Currency on Social Media and beyond

Abstract Since the advent of social media, capturing and holding the attention of people has become paramount for the success of products, political messages and even research. The economics of attention is often seen as part of the market economy. We argue that a larger societal transformation is underway, which will see attention become the defining currency that moves individuals, exchanges, and many other elements of society. This paper connects the attention economy to the institutional foundations of modernity. It then discusses how attention can be accumulated and exchanged like a currency and proposes a dual-stream model distinguishing between calcified and flow attention. Based on this model, we investigate recent developments facilitating the use of attention as a currency, and their potential impact on our daily lives more generally. We conclude by providing an outlook and concrete questions for future research to understand where the economics of attention economy is heading.

Evaluation of the Appropriateness and Readability of ChatGPT-4 Responses to Patient Queries on Uveitis

To compare the utility of ChatGPT-4 as an online uveitis patient education resource with existing patient education websites. Evaluation of technology. Not applicable. The term "uveitis" was entered into the Google search engine, and the first 8 nonsponsored websites were selected to be enrolled in the study. Information regarding uveitis for patients was extracted from Healthline, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, National Eye Institute, Ocular Uveitis and Immunology Foundation, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic, and National Health Service websites. ChatGPT-4 was then prompted to generate responses about uveitis in both standard and simplified formats. To generate the simplified response, the following request was added to the prompt: 'Please provide a response suitable for the average American adult, at a sixth-grade comprehension level.' Three dual fellowship-trained specialists, all masked to the sources, graded the appropriateness of the contents (extracted from the existing websites) and responses (generated responses by ChatGPT-4) in terms of personal preference, comprehensiveness, and accuracy. Additionally, 5 readability indices, including Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index were calculated using an online calculator, Readable.com, to assess the ease of comprehension of each answer. Personal preference, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and readability of contents and responses about uveitis. A total of 497 contents and responses, including 71 contents from existing websites, 213 standard responses, and 213 simplified responses from ChatGPT-4 were recorded and graded. Standard ChatGPT-4 responses were preferred and perceived to be more comprehensive by dually trained (uveitis and retina) specialist ophthalmologists while maintaining similar accuracy level compared with existing websites. Moreover, simplified ChatGPT-4 responses matched almost all existing websites in terms of personal preference, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. Notably, almost all readability indices suggested that standard ChatGPT-4 responses demand a higher educational level for comprehension, whereas simplified responses required lower level of education compared with the existing websites. This study shows that ChatGPT can provide patients with an avenue to access comprehensive and accurate information about uveitis, tailored to their educational level. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

ОТ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА К ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМУ РАЗВИТИЮ: СООТНОШЕНИЕ И ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ДЕФИНИЦИЙ

The article examines the evolution and correlation of the definitions of "economic growth" and "economic development" in the works of leading scientists. The main trends and factors influencing the formation of methodological approaches in the study of the mechanisms and institutional foundations of the definition of "economic development" are reflected. The comparative aspect shows the distinctive features of the categories "economic growth" and "economic development". The importance of taking into account the features and conditions of the formation of the economic mechanism of management in the context of increased sanctions processes and geopolitical turbulence is shown.

Instability and inequality in the British state

Abstract The UK state has been through many periods of perceived crisis, but the instability of the last decade has shaken some of the foundational institutions of British politics. Our main argument is that the rise of political instability relates to the failure of British politics to respond to structural inequality in society and politics. This includes growing economic and geographic disparities, as well as destabilizing divisions over long-standing social injustices. The infusion of these trends into the political process is the subject of the ‘asymmetric power model (APM)’, which acts as the theoretical underpinning of this paper and the special issue it introduces. In this editorial to the Parliamentary Affairs Special Issue on ‘Instability and inequality in the British state’, we elaborate these arguments and provide a brief overview of the eight papers in the issue, which cover the APM, the constitution, the UK Union, the Conservative Party, public policymaking, gender inequalities, intersectional inequalities, and geographical inequalities. Together, the papers identify the causes and features of the UK’s troubling inequality-instability dialectic and offer various practical and theoretical ways forward.

Правовое регулирование возмещения вреда, причиненного преступлением в энергетической сфере

The article considers the issues of sufficiency of legal protection of the fuel and energy complex. Based on the method of comparative legal research and analysis of statistical information using formal logic, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop institutional foundations for compensation for harm from criminal acts to certain energy objects. It is proposed to single out the fuel and energy complex as a separate object of criminal law protection; clarify the procedural form of compensation for harm in the commission of crimes in the field of energy; at the local level, build and revise internal legal models in accordance with the risks of each individual company.

Effect of antihypertensive deprescribing on hospitalisation and mortality: long-term follow-up of the OPTiMISE randomised controlled trial

Deprescribing of antihypertensive medications is recommended for some older patients with low blood pressure and frailty. The OPTiMISE trial showed that this deprescribing can be achieved with no differences in blood pressure control at 3months compared with usual care. We aimed to examine effects of deprescribing on longer-term hospitalisation and mortality. This randomised controlled trial enrolled participants from 69general practices across central and southern England. Participants aged 80years or older, with systolic blood pressure less than 150mm Hg and who were receiving two or more antihypertensive medications, were randomly assigned (1:1) to antihypertensive medication reduction (removal of one antihypertensive) or usual care. General practitioners and participants were aware of the treatment allocation following randomisation but individuals responsible for analysing the data were masked to the treatment allocation throughout the study. Participants were followed up via their primary and secondary care electronic health records at least 3years after randomisation. The primary outcome was time to all-cause hospitalisation or mortality. Intention-to-treat analyses were done using Cox regression modelling. A per-protocol analysis of the primary outcome was also done, excluding participants from the intervention group who did not reduce treatment or who had medication reinstated during the initial trial 12-week follow-up period. This study is registered with the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT2016-004236-38) and the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN97503221). Between March 20, 2017, and Sept 30, 2018, a total of 569participants were randomly assigned. Of these, 564(99%; intervention=280; control=284) were followed up for a median of 4·0years (IQR 3·7-4·3). Participants had a mean age of 84·8years (SD 3·4) at baseline and 273 (48%) were women. Medication reduction was sustained in 109participants at follow-up (51% of the 213participants alive in the intervention group). Participants in the intervention group had a larger reduction in antihypertensives than the control group (adjusted mean difference -0·35drugs [95% CI -0·52 to -0·18]). Overall, 202 (72%) participants in the intervention group and 218 (77%) participants in the control group experienced hospitalisation or mortality during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0·93 [95% CI 0·76to 1·12]). There was some evidence that the proportion of participants experiencing the primary outcome in the per-protocol population was lower in the intervention group (aHR 0·80 [0·64to 1·00]). Half of participants sustained medication reduction with no evidence of an increase in all-cause hospitalisation or mortality. These findings suggest that an antihypertensive deprescribing intervention might be safe for people aged 80years or older with controlled blood pressure taking two or more antihypertensives. British Heart Foundation and National Institute for Health and Care Research.

CONCEPTUALIZING THE SUBJECTIVITY OF GLOBAL LEADERSHIP IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY

This article, based on an interdisciplinary approach and structural-functional analysis tools, examines the transformation of classical forms of conceptualizing the subjectivity of global leadership in contemporary international relations theory under the influence of new global political realities. It emphasizes that the initial classical positioning of international leadership as the primacy or hegemony of a single state on the international stage is yielding to other political practices that have not yet gained normative consolidation and theoretical conceptualization. It has been identified that modern international processes demonstrate a trend towards the institutionalization of international leadership in the form of a collective subject of international relations, endowed with exceptional powers and special status. New theoretical approaches increasingly note a shift in focus from classical factors ensuring leadership in international relations by enhancing the status and leadership potential of individual actors to the formation of collegial global leadership, including the concept of global governance, which is increasingly seen as the most probable and conventionally interpreted prognostic model for the transformation of the modern world order. Contemporary international relations theory identifies several subjects of international relations, with the nation-state traditionally occupying a leading position. In recent decades, other actors have been added to the list, including international governmental and non-governmental organizations, transnational corporations, civil associations, and private individuals. The emergence of new types of international relations subjects on the international stage, combined with the increasing importance of integration associations and the growing technological potential of digital networks, alongside the practical impossibility of establishing control over them, and the transfer of certain sovereign powers from national states to international institutions, indicates that traditional methods of governance and regulation in world politics are becoming outdated, losing their relevance and effectiveness in contemporary conditions. This necessitates the formation of an institutional foundation appropriate to the modern international system. Increasingly, this foundation of world order is associated with the phenomenon of global leadership. However, attempts to conceptualize it based on classical subjects of international relations are demonstrating increasing methodological inefficiency, leading to the search for new forms of the subjectivity of global leadership on the international stage.

The methodical approach to the study of the housing market of urban agglomerations of the “second-tier”

Purpose: is to substantiate and test the methodological approach to the study of the housing market of “second-tier” urban agglomerations in a spatio-temporal projection.Methods: the methodological basis of the study was the theories of urban agglomeration and market integration. General scientific (analysis, synthesis, structural-functional), economic and statistical methods (identification of development trends, assessment of the integration of local housing markets), monographic analysis (research of approaches to market analysis), analysis of the regulatory framework were used.Results: the methodological approach to the study of the housing market of agglomerations is proposed and tested, the peculiarity of which is its analysis in a spatio-temporal projection based on analytics of Rosstat data and specialized information resources. Based on the results of its testing, the features of agglomerations were identified in terms of scale, spatial orientation of housing construction, and three types were identified: with an increase in the share of the core in the total volume of housing stock (Kaluga, Khanty-Mansiysk, Norilsk); core and one adjacent municipality (Vologda, Tambov, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk); municipalities of the satellite zone (Arkhangelsk, Surgut). It is substantiated that the latter type is characteristic of agglomerations, that are generally at more mature stages of development. It was revealed that disproportions are manifested not only in the quantitative characteristics of housing, but its lower quality is noted in the satellite zone. It is shown that these features lead to a decrease in the potential for the development of integration processes in the market, which is also manifested in the weak transmission of price signals in the agglomeration space.Conclusions and Relevance: the hypothesis has been confirmed that in “second-tier” agglomerations, the agglomeration effects in the housing sector do not ensure spatial integration of the local core markets and satellite zone. It is substantiated that the movement towards integration is observed only in the Surgut and Arkhangelsk agglomerations. The results obtained can be used in the development of the strategic documents and projects for the development of these territories. The prospects of the study are seen in the development of institutional and economic foundations for the development of the housing market in agglomerations.

Sosialisasi Menumbuhkan Semangat Wirausahawan Kreatif Dan Inovatif Diera Digitalisasi Pada Siswa Kelas X DKV SMK 1 Pembangunan Kota Bengkulu

In the context of globalization and evolving digitalization, it is crucial for education to equip the younger generation with a creative and innovative entrepreneurial spirit. This comunity service aims to explore the impact of socialization on the development of entrepreneurial spirit among students in the 10th grade of the Visual Communication Design (DKV) program at SMK 1 Pembangunan Kota Bengkulu. Through a case study method and data collection via interviews and observations, this study highlights a significant increase in the interest and skills of young entrepreneurs after participating in socialization activities. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for educational institutions and relevant stakeholders to strengthen socialization approaches in fostering entrepreneurial spirit among students

Budaya Organisasi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Membentuknya di Sekolah

This research aims to explore organizational culture and identify its shaping factors in the context of an educational environment. By adopting a case study approach, this research offers an in-depth analysis of the dynamics of organizational culture in a private educational institution in Medan. The research methodology relies on data triangulation through in-depth interviews, direct observation and document review. Thematic analysis was used to process the collected data, enabling a holistic understanding of the phenomenon under study. The research findings revealed that the concept of organizational culture in a school environment is a manifestation of a system of values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior that are collectively embraced by all elements of the school. This study successfully identified several main factors that play a role in the formation of the organizational culture, including: the leadership style of the principal, the individual characteristics of the teachers, the prevailing education policy, and the expectations of the parents. In conclusion, organizational culture in a school environment is formed through a complex interaction of various factors. A deep understanding of these factors can serve as a foundation for educational institutions in their efforts to manage and develop a conducive organizational culture. This in turn is expected to encourage the improvement of learning quality as well as the professional development of educators.

Comparison of Carbetocin and Oxytocin Efficacy in Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage after C-Section

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as a blood loss of more than 0.5 liters within 24 hours of birth, and a blood loss of more than 1 liter is considered a significant PPH. In low- and middle-income countries, PPH is a major factor causing maternal morbidity and mortality, whereas in high-income countries, the mortality is comparatively lower, but still PPH poses a major risk for postpregnancy complications. Uterine atony is the most frequent cause of the PPH, and it accounts for up to 80% of PPH cases. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the prophylactic effects of oxytocin and carbetocin in preventing atonic PPH in individuals receiving recurrent elective CS under spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A computerized, randomized, cross-sectional prospective comparative study was conducted on 100 pregnant women at Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation for the time period of an year, from October 2020 to October 2021. Inclusion Criteria: This study includes patients with singleton pregnancy, gestational age >38 weeks, spinal anesthesia and repeated C.S with cephalic, breech, or any malpresentations. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine myomata, congenital uterine anomalies, gestational age before 38 weeks, women having emergency cesarean section for fetal or maternal distress, and patients with hepatic or pre-existing bleeding disorder were excluded from the study. The patients included based on the above criteria were split into two equal groups. Group I received carbetocin as a single dose of 100 microgram slow intravenous, and Group II received oxytocin as 5 IU intravenous drip followed by 20 IU of oxytocin infusion on 500 ml saline or lactated ringer with a rate of 150 ml per hour. Results: When compared to the oxytocin group, the blood loss was considerably reduced in the carbetocin group. The levels of Hb and hematocrit [HCT] were evaluated pre- and postoperative in both the groups. The levels of preoperative Hb and HCT showed nonsignificant difference between the two groups, while the levels of postoperative Hb and HCT were significantly higher in carbetocin group than oxytocin group concluding that carbetocin showed the better results in controlling the blood loss and maintaining the levels of Hb and HCT volume and the carbetocin group showed less need for administration of uterotonic agents (20%) in comparison with (32%) in oxytocin group but with no statistically significant difference. Only 8 (16%) patients showed PPH in carbetocin treatment, whereas 14 (28%) showed PPH in patients on oxytocin treatment.

Effectiveness of integrating HIV prevention within sexual reproductive health services with or without peer support among adolescents and young adults in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Isisekelo Sempilo): 2 × 2 factorial, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Approximately 200 000 South Africans acquired HIV in 2021 despite the availability of universal HIV test and treat and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health services or peer support, or both, on the uptake of serostatus neutral HIV services or reduction of sexually transmissible HIV. We did an open-label, 2 × 2 randomised factorial trial among young people in a mostly rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Inclusion criteria included being aged 16-29 years, living in the mapped geographical areas that were accessible to the area-based peer navigators, being willing and able to provide informed consent, and being willing to provide a dried blood spot for anonymous HIV testing and HIV viral load measurement at 12 months. Participants were randomly allocated by computer-generated algorithm to one of four groups: those in the standard-of-care group were referred to youth-friendly services for differentiated HIV prevention (condoms, universal HIV test and treat with antiretroviral therapy, and PrEP if eligible); those in the sexual and reproductive health services group received baseline self-collected specimens for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and referral to integrated sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention services; those in the peer support group were referred to peer navigators for health promotion, condom provision, and facilitation of attendance for differentiated HIV prevention services; and those in the final group received a combination of sexual and reproductive health services and peer support. Coprimary outcomes were linkage to clinical services within 60 days of enrolment, proportion of participants who had sexually transmissible HIV at 12 months after enrolment, and proportion of sampled individuals who consented to participation and gave a dried blood spot for HIV testing at 12 months. Logistic regression was used for analyses, and adjusted for age, sex, and rural or peri-urban area of residence. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04532307) and is closed. Between March 2, 2020, and July 7, 2022, 1743 (75·7%) of 2301 eligible individuals were enrolled and followed up. 12-month dried blood spots were collected from 1168 participants (67·0%). The median age of the participants was 21 years (IQR 18-25), 51·4% were female, and 51·1% had secondary level education. Baseline characteristics and 12-month outcome ascertainment were similar between groups. 755 (43·3%) linked to services by 60 days. 430 (49·8%) of 863 who were in the sexual reproductive health services group were linked to care compared with 325 (36·9%) of 880 who were not in the sexual and reproductive health services group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1·68; 95% CI 1·39-2·04); peer support had no effect: 385 (43·5%) of 858 compared with 370 (43·1%) of 885 (1·02, 0·84-1·23). At 12 months, 227 (19%) tested ELISA-positive for HIV, of whom 41 (18%) had viral loads of 400 copies per mL; overall prevalence of transmissible HIV was 3·5%. 22 (3·7%) of 578 participants in the sexual and reproductive health services group had transmissible HIV compared with 19 (3·3%) of 590 not in the sexual and reproductive health services group (aOR 1·12; 95% CI 0·60-2·11). The findings were also non-significant for peer support: 21 (3·3%) of 565 compared with 20 (3·3%) of 603 (aOR 1·03; 95% CI 0·55-1·94). There were no serious adverse events or deaths during the study. This study provides evidence that STI testing and sexual and reproductive health services create demand for serostatus neutral HIV prevention in adolescents and young adults in Africa. STI testing and integration of HIV and sexual health has the potential to reach those at risk and tackle unmet sexual health needs. US National Institute of Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and 3ie.

Global status and trends in coronary chronic total occlusion over the period 2000–2023: a bibliometric analysis

Background and purpose: Chronic total occlusion (CTO) affects 25% to 30% of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), posing significant challenges in percutaneous revascularization. This study investigates the advancement sand research trends in CTO by analyzing publication contributions from diverse countries, institutions, journals, and authors. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of CTO publications spanning from 2000 to 2023, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Articles included were limited to those published in English. Research trends in the field were analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4 (Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and VOSviewer 1.6.19 (Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands). Results: A total of 2,202 articles related to CTO were identified. The United States (US) emerged as the top contributor with 438 papers, followed by China with 305 papers, and Italy with 185 papers. Leading institutions included the US Department of Veterans Affairs with 353 publications, and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation with 217 publications. The Journal of the American College of Cardiology was the journal with the most publications in the field of CTO. Emmanouil S. Brilakis was identified as the most prolific author, while Gerald S. Werner had the highest average citation count. Cluster analysis highlighted chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO-PCI) as a focal area of research attention, indicating a promising trajectory for the field. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the global research trends of CTO. The substantial increase in high-quality publications over the past 24 years highlights a promising future for the research and advancement of CTO-PCI.

Uncovering the Challenges and Requirements of Elementary School Teachers in Implementing STEM Educational Activities in Vietnam

Enhancing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education requires a comprehensive understanding of the practical challenges encountered by teachers during implementation. This research study aimed to uncover valuable insights into the integration of STEM education in Vietnam as perceived by primary school teachers. Employing a mixed method approach, the study engaged 454 teachers and administrators from primary schools across the northern, central, and southern regions of Vietnam. Data were collected through interviews and an online survey, focusing on the challenges and needs of teachers in organizing STEM educational activities. Findings reveal that elementary school teachers in STEM education face challenges such as professional competency, program methodologies, resource availability, time and space constraints, and the need for a comprehensive STEM ecosystem. The primary school teachers expressed a strong desire for professional development support, encompassing: (a) increased opportunities for experiential learning, collaboration, and knowledge-sharing among colleagues, supplemented by expert-led training sessions on STEM skills implementation; (b) a preference for practical training courses, sharing of real-world experiences, and a need for continuous and regular professional development activities, as opposed to sporadic training sessions; (c) provision of financial support and conducive conditions to facilitate ongoing professional growth; and (d) assistance in leveraging technology for effective STEM education. These research findings serve as a vital foundation for educational managers and teacher training institutions to formulate policies and implement support mechanisms that are essential for the success of STEM education.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING IN DETERMINING TUITION FEES

Numerous educational institutions in Indonesia suffer financial deficits, negatively impacting educational quality. This study aims to ascertain the Tuition Fees at Nurul Fajri Islamic Boarding School Majalengka utilizing the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. It investigates the application of the ABC method in determining Tuition Fees within educational foundation institutions, a novel approach, particularly for pesantren foundations. The research adopts a qualitative methodology with a problem-focused approach. Data collection involved interviews and an analysis of pertinent financial and operational documents. Cost activity data was processed using ABC costing, resulting in tuition fees calculations based on the ABC method. These calculations were then juxtaposed with the Tuition Fees established by the school administration. The analysis identified a cost discrepancy (undercharging), where the cost per student exceeded the total Tuition Fees income and School Operational Funds (SOF) or Government Subsidy. For junior high school grades 1, 2, and 3, the differences were Rp 68,092, Rp 65,877, and Rp 85,668, respectively. For high school levels 1, 2, and 3, the discrepancies were Rp 6,674, Rp 49,014, and Rp 51,354, respectively. The study recommends that the school increase the monthly tuition fees to adequately cover the actual costs of education.

Organizational and institutional foundations of international financial market digitalization

Organizational and institutional foundations of international financial market digitalization

Transformative Pathways: Implementing Intercultural Competence Development in Higher Education Using Kotter’s Change Model

This study explores the efficacy of Kotter’s eight-step change model in fostering intercultural competence among faculty and staff within a large Midwestern public university. Recognizing the need for intercultural development in higher education, this research applies a structured change framework coupled with the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) assessment tool to guide the change process. The development of intercultural competence among faculty and staff is crucial for creating inclusive learning environments, as they play a pivotal role in modeling intercultural competence and fostering students’ skills necessary to navigate an increasingly diverse and interconnected world. This study employs an instrumental case study design, utilizing interviews, document analysis, and Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) assessments to examine the change process over a three-year period. The findings demonstrate how each step of Kotter’s model was successfully adapted to drive organizational change and enhance intercultural competence among 639 faculty and staff members across 11 departments in the College of Agriculture. This study highlights the importance of creating a shared vision, empowering stakeholders, and anchoring changes in the institution’s culture and emphasizes the pivotal role of structured change management in achieving substantive improvements in intercultural learning environments. The insights and strategies presented can serve as a foundation for other higher education institutions seeking to implement similar initiatives and foster inclusive learning environments.

Новейшая российская историография о жилищной реформе в годы «хрущевской оттепели»

This article focuses on analyzing specific recent works by Russian scientists that have made a significant contribution to studying the housing reform of the late 1950s – early 1960s. In their writings, they proved the historical significance of the implementation of the social program in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw”, unprecedented in scope for all the years of the existence of the Soviet state, which partially eliminated the housing crisis. The considered latest historiographical sources give grounds to draw a number of conclusions. Modern Russian scientists fairly objectively assess the reasons that predetermined the “shock” build-up of the housing stock in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw”, which made it possible for millions of Soviet citizens to get personal housing by moving from communal apartments and barracks to separate apartments with all amenities. Researchers generally do not biasively characterize the content and focus of housing reform implemented in a team-planned manner. They express original ideas regarding the institutional foundations of the coexistence of the implemented economic practice of the “mass-gross” approach in housing construction with the desire of the socialist state to develop housing construction for the benefit of the Soviet people, and also demonstrate important value judgments on a number of other controversial issues that have not received comprehensive scientific understanding.

Заснування Першої чоловічої гімназії у Житомирі та формування її педагогічного колективу

The purpose of the article is to analyze the prerequisites, reasons and circumstances of the establishment of one of the oldest educational institutions in Ukraine, and to characterize the quality of its teaching staff. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific and special historical methods and adherence to the main principles of historical research: historicism, objectivity, systematicity in the process of processing archival sources and documents and preparing conclusions. The scientific novelty is that, for the first time, a set of archival sources related to the history of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr has been thoroughly processed, the historiography of the problem has been characterized, and the process of the foundation and formation of this educational institution, the formation of the teaching staff, has been followed in detail. For the first time, biographical information about the teachers of the gymnasium from the initial period of its existence is presented. New archival sources were introduced into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The establishment of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr took place in the context of a change in the national policy of tsarism towards the Poles after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. By creating a network of Russian-language educational institutions, the tsarist authorities aimed to overcome Polish influence on the territory of the Volyn Governorate and implement the imperial Russification policy in the region. The Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr, founded in 1833, is one of the oldest educational institutions in Ukraine and one of the first (after Kyiv and Nizhyn) to train future scientists for the newly established Kyiv University. Using the example of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr, we state that in the initial period of formation of gymnasium education in Ukraine, turnover of teaching staff, their flow from one educational institution to another, was characteristic. By transferring teachers from the Zhytomyr Boys' Gymnasium to St. Volodymyr University, the problem of staff shortage in the latter was solved.