Institute Of Chemistry Research Articles

Оценка распространения I-131 в окружающей среде и доз облучения населения Обнинска и его окрестностей от выбросов АО «НИФХИ им. Л.Я. Карпова»

Radiodine, I-131, is released into atmosphere during normal operation of the radiopharmaceutical production facility at the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry (NIFKhl) in Obninsk city. The paper presents analysis of monitoring of I-131 concentration in the air and radiation dose to the population of the Obninsk and its surroundings. To estimate annual radiation doses to the public I-131 concentration in the environment was first calculated. Data of radiation monitoring carried out in Obninsk were used to confirm the correctness of computed mean annual volume activity of I-131 in the air. Annual radioiodine doses to the public of Obninsk and its surroundings calculated exposed to radiation between 2015 and 2019 were within the range of 0.5 to 2.0 µSv/year, this level was considerably lower the limit set for the population living near the NIFKhI (300 µSv/year). The risk from radioiodine released into the atmosphere in the period from 2015-2019 was negligible (<10Е-6 year-1).

APRENDIZAGEM COOPERATIVA E COLABORATIVA NO ENSINO DE EQUILÍBRIO QUÍMICO A CALOUROS

COOPERATIVE AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TO TEACH CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM TO FRESHMAN STUDENTS. This paper describes cooperative (jigsaw) and collaborative activities (Peer-Led Team Learning) carried out in the BSc degree in Chemistry at the São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The dynamics of discursive interactions established among students in the cooperative and collaborative groups was investigated based on the Model proposed by Kumpulainen and Mutanen, by analyzing the following: functions of speech, cognitive processing and social processing. In this perspective, the influence of the level of structure of the activities was studied. The results obtained point to the possibility of adapting both types of activities in higher education chemistry courses.

Состав коллагенсодержащих препаратов из медузы ропилемы Rhopilema asamushi Uchida и оценка безопасности их наружного применения

Methods have been developed for obtaining polyfunctional preparations of various degrees of purification from rhopilema jellyfish in the form of collagen and proteoglycane complexes, and their safety for the external use has been assessed. In our study, we used HPLC, SDS-PAGE and IR spectroscopy. The composition (proteins, including collagen, amino acids and carbohydrates) and properties of the obtained preparations were determined. The structure of collagen as a part of the isolated complexes was analyzed, and the degree of preservation of its tertiary structure was shown. Changes in the molecular weight distribution of protein fractions were established for different methods of isolation of the substances. The safety of external use of the obtained drugs was analyzed in terms of acute toxicity, skin irritant and sensitizing action in accordance with the requirements for toxicological studies of ingredients of cosmetics in an experiment on test animals. jellyfish ropilema, collagen, electrophoresis, IR spectroscopy, toxicity, skin irritant effect The authors express their gratitude to P. A. Zadorozhny, Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular and Elemental Analysis of the Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, for conducting IR spectrometry. The authors are also grateful to O. B. Romanova (Deputy Chief Physician), E. G. Land (Doctor for Sanitary and Hygienic Laboratory Studies), O. A. Stroeva (Biologist of the Vivarium) and G. P. Prikhodko (Veterinarian of the Vivarium), employees of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Primorsky Krai, for conducting toxicological tests.

Carbide and oxide fibers based on organoelement poly(oligo)mers

The researches of State Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds (GNIIChTEOS) have developed continuous carbide and oxide fibers based on organoelement poly(oligo)mers synthesized in GNIIChTEOS, which can be used to prepare principally new ceramic composites for structural and functional purposes.

Developing an Free Bioprocess toProduce Pharmaceutical Quality Grade

In 2005, the American Chemical Society (ACS) Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) and global pharmaceutical companies established the ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundtable to encourage the integration of green chemistry and engineering into the pharmaceutical industry. The Roundtable developed a list of key research areas in green chemistry in 2007, which has served as a guide for focusing green chemistry research. Following that publication, the Roundtable companies have identified a list of the key green engineering research areas that is intended to be the required companion of the first list. Intense efforts in bioprocessing development have been made to improve the production of Chinese hamster ovary-based biopharmaceuticals. However, lacking an efficient host cell has hampered therapeutic protein production. This article reviews means by which biopharmaceutical production can be improved via cell engineering. Finally, rational cell engineering facilitated with ‘omics technologies is presented.

Înființarea secției de geografie și a institutului său din cadrul Facultății de Științe de la Universitatea Daciei Superioare din Cluj

"The setting up of the Geography Department and its Institute within the Faculty of Sciences at the Upper Dacia University of Cluj. On 16 August 1919, the University Board, the organ created for the organization and employment of teaching staff for the Upper Dacia University of Cluj after its transition to Romanian administration (12 May 1919), presented and proposed the organisational chart by departments, seminars, laboratories and institutes of the future Faculty of Sciences, by means of the Board rapporteurs, scientists Gheorghe Țițeica, Ludovic Mrazec and Alexandru Borza. At the express request of professor George Vâlsan, the tertiary geographical education was also included in this Faculty, as an independent department, the Department of Geography, consisting of two sections and an Institute of Geography. This was a new situation, different from the study of Geography at the universities in Iași and Bucharest. The organisational chart of Cluj University, made according to the ”German model”, was kept until the Stalinist reform of the Romanian education on 3 August 1948. By means of suggestive examples, the main Romanian university institutions newly-created at Cluj University are illustrated and described, some of them under the auspices of the Royal Foundations, such as the Astronomic Observatory and the Institute of Chemistry and Physics, as well as others, like the Sports Park, the new Botanical Garden with the Botanic Museum, the Palace of University Clinics, the Academic College and the Ethnographic Park and Museum. The materialization of George Vâlsan’s concept regarding the study of Geography and its relations to the other departments of Cluj University, as well as the their scientific and logical foundation within the double specialization, are extensively presented, as a proof of the scientist’s determination to lay solid grounds to the Romanian tertiary geographical education at Cluj University. Keywords: Upper Dacia University of Cluj, Geography Department, Faculty of Sciences. "

Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide) Alkylsulfonamides: Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitors of Tumor Specific Carbonic Anhydrase IX.

Invited for this month's cover is a collaboration from three institutes from the Czech Academy of Sciences: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, and the University of Pardubice. The cover picture shows a family of potent and selective CA IX inhibitors that combines the structural motif of a bulky inorganic cobalt bis(dicarbollide) polyhedral ion with a propylsulfonamido anchor group. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.202000574.

История развития исследований твердых электролитов с катионной проводимостью в Институте химии и технологии редких элементов и минерального сырья КНЦ РАН.

There are described the start-up and development at the I.V. Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials of the FederalResearch Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”(ICTREMRM KSC RAS) studies on the synthesis of low-temperature solid electrolytes with high conductivity for Ag+, Cu+, Li+ions. The most significant results achieved by a scientific group under the leadership of PhD O.G. Gromov for almost half a century are presented. The research direction of solid electrolytes is extremely promising and in demand, and the possible fields of application of such electrolytes are constantly expanding.

70 lat dorobku wydawniczego Instytutu Przemysłu Organicznego w zakresie materiałów wybuchowych i bezpieczeństwa chemicznego

The study is a review of the publications of the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry (IPO) on explosives and chemical safety. The various designs of the IPO journals are presented, including general bibliographical data (circulation, number of pages, number of articles – including publications on explosives and chemical safety). The members of the editorial and scientific boards of the journals published from 1956 to the present day, are presented.

HIGH-EFFICIENT AND NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING 5-NITRO-2-ACETYLAMINOBENZIMIDAZOLE

The aim of this work is to create new veterinary products for agriculture based on local raw materials, to develop a highly efficient technology for their production. Waste from the production of medamine produced in the pilot production of the Institute of Plant Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The process of synthesis of 5-nitro-2-acetylaminobenzimidazole was studied by one-factor experiments. The structure of the obtained product was investigated by IR, Mass, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy. The main factors influencing the process of obtaining 5-nitro-2-acetylaminobenzimidazole were revealed. On the basis of the obtained research results, a technological scheme for the preparation of 5-nitro-2-acetylaminobenzimidazole was developed. Works of selection of equipment, installation of a pilot plant, commissioning and testing of the technology for the production of 5-nitro-2-acetylaminobenzimidazole have been carried out. Experience samples of the product have been received for biological testing.

Physicochemical Computer Simulation of Hydrogeochemical, Ecological, and Hydrothermal Processes in the Earth’s Crust

The paper briefly describes some of the problems solved at the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of the promoted physicochemical computer simulation method. The computer simulation results on the formation of hydrocarbons in the Earth’s crust, acid drainage estimates, and other results of the method, obtained by researchers of the Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, and colleagues of Tomsk Scientific Polytechnic University, are reported in separate papers.

Editorial and News

Editorial and News

A Molecular Crystal Shows Multiple Correlated Magnetic and Ferroelectric Switchings

Simultaneous control of the magnetic and electric properties of materials is crucial for their application in next-generation memory and sensor devices. Herein, we report a single-crystal Co(II) co...

Sustainability Challenges and Opportunities in Oligonucleotide Manufacturing.

With a renewed and growing interest in therapeutic oligonucleotides across the pharmaceutical industry, pressure is increasing on drug developers to take more seriously the sustainability ramifications of this modality. With 12 oligonucleotide drugs reaching the market to date and hundreds more in clinical trials and preclinical development, the current state of the art in oligonucleotide production poses a waste and cost burden to manufacturers. Legacy technologies make use of large volumes of hazardous reagents and solvents, as well as energy-intensive processes in synthesis, purification, and isolation. In 2016, the American Chemical Society (ACS) Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (GCIPR) identified the development of greener processes for oligonucleotide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) as a critical unmet need. As a result, the Roundtable formed a focus team with the remit of identifying green chemistry and engineering improvements that would make oligonucleotide production more sustainable. In this Perspective, we summarize the present challenges in oligonucleotide synthesis, purification, and isolation; highlight potential solutions; and encourage synergies between academia; contract research, development and manufacturing organizations; and the pharmaceutical industry. A critical part of our assessment includes Process Mass Intensity (PMI) data from multiple companies to provide preliminary baseline metrics for current oligonucleotide manufacturing processes.

Glucose Required for Tissue Formation and Its Effects on Cane Yield, Recoverable Sugar, and Sugar Yield

Glucose in sugarcane affected cane yield, recoverable sugar, and sugar yield. Glucose is available since the formation of the stems and stored until sugarcane is ready to be harvested. Information regarding the need for glucose to form sugarcane plant tissue is still not widely available. So, research was conducted to determine the quantity of glucose to form sugarcane plant tissue and its relation to cane yield, recoverable sugar, and sugar yield obtained. The research was carried out at the Karangploso Research Station and Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Indonesian Sweeteners and Fiber Crops Research Institute, in July 2016–September 2017. A split plot design with two factors and three replications was utilized. The main factor was the growth phases, namely, the vegetative phase and maturity phase, while the other factor was sugarcane varieties, namely, PS-881 (early mature), JR-01 (early-middle mature), Kenthung (early-middle mature), and Bululawang (middle-late mature). The measurements of nitrogen, carbon, and the ash content of the leaves and stems were at 5 months (representing the growth period) and 9 months (representing the ripening period). The results showed that quantities of 1.962–2.160 kg and 2.066–2.113 kg glucose were required to form each kg of leaf and stem tissue depending on the growth phase and variety. Glucose requirements in the maturing phase affected the cane yield, recoverable sugar, and sugar yield as much as by 51.48%, 57.60%, and 58.26%, respectively.

Novel Arylazo‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole Photoswitches: Synthesis, Photoisomerization and Nitric Oxide Releasing Properties

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Laboratory of Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds at the Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIOC RAS; Russia). The image shows a metronome which symbolizes the ability of arylazofuroxans to switch between two isomers with significantly different NO donor ability. The switching process can be easily tuned by visible light or elevated temperature. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.2020000157.

Photochemistry in Real Space: Batho- and Hypsochromism in the Water Dimer.

Invited for the cover of this issue is Alberto Fernández-Alarcón and co-workers at The Institute of Chemistry of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and The School of Chemistry of the University of Oviedo. The image depicts the real space analysis of the excitation energies in the double blue and red shift of the water dimer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002854.

Environmental impact of the Research Institute of Physical Chemistry in Obninsk on soils of the nearby territory

This work focuses on the study of radioactive and chemical contamination of the soil caused by non-power generation nuclear facilities. For this purpose, the environmental monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems around the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, located in the Obninsk region and exploiting research nuclear reactor, has been carried out. The annually published environmental safety reports of the Karpov Institute for the period of 2011-2018 served as sources of the initial information about the facility impact on the environment. In summer 2019, the sampling of soils around the facility was carried out in 19 locations. In laboratory studies, the following indexes of physical and chemical properties of the soil are studied: type of the soil, soil density, hygroscopic moisture, moisture capacity, acidity. Instrumental methods such as potentiometric analysis were performed to determine the content of chloride in the soil. Specific activities of radionuclides were measured in soils using gamma spectrometry. It was found that the physical and chemical properties vary from point to point. Specific activities of radionuclides in the soil also vary, and in some points the radionuclides content is particularly higher than in others. Finally, all the data were compared with a similar research done in the previous year, and we found that our physical and chemical properties are similar and the specific activities are little lower than the previous year. For everything mentioned before, it is strongly suggested that more studies about the consequences to the environment and humans should be done, in more nuclear non-power facilities.

Committees

NOTITLE. General Co-Chairs Prof. Dr. Ravindran Balasubramani, Kyonggi University, South KoreaDr. Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Northumbria University, United KingdomProf. Dr. Aihong Fu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China International Technical Program Committee Prof. Qingsheng Wang, Texas A&M University, College Station, USAProf. Subodh Kumar Maiti, Indian Institute of Technology, IndiaPh.D Research Scholar Muhammad Qasim, Hanynag University, South KoreaDr. Taesic Kim, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, USAProf. & Dr. Yagang Zhang, North China Electric Power University, ChinaDr. Kakarla Raghava Reddy, The University of Sydney, AustraliaProf. Karthikeyan Palaniswamy, PSG College of Technology, IndiaDr. Sergei V. Jargin, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RussiaDr. Asmaa Nasser Mohamed Eid, Pan African University, EgyptDr. Xingwei Li, Jiangsu University, ChinaDr. Anil Kumar Misra, Sikkim University, IndiaDr. Mahdieh Abolhasani, Semnan University, IranDr. Chuck Chuan NG, Quest International University Perak, MalaysiaProf. Ezhilarasan Devaraj, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, IndiaDr. Xiaowei Li, Shanghai University, ChinaDr. Surajbhan Sevda, National Institute of Technology Warangal, IndiaDr. Ali Koolivand, Arak University of Medical Sciences, IranMr. G. R. Abhijith, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaDr. Palaniappan Sivasankar, Periyar University, IndiaDr. Bárbara Maria Borges Ribeiro, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), BrazilDr. Duong Duc La, Institute of Chemistry and Materials, VietnamDr. Asirat Teshome Tolosa, Debre tabor University, EthiopiaProf. & Dr. Bharat Bhusan Patnaik, Fakir Mohan University, IndiaDr. Naveed Ahmed, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, PakistanDr. ALA’A H. AL-MUHTASEB, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanDr. YOGESH KUMAR VERMANI, SGGS World University, IndiaDr. Korai M Safar, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, PakistanDr. Shuvashish Behera, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, IndiaDr. Safaa A Kadhum, University of Al-Qadissiayh, IraqDr. Gonghuan FANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaMrs. Hanna Radziuk, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, PolandDr. Suman Jagatee, Utkal University, India

Increasing Efficiency of the Separation of Substance Mixtures by Methods of Liquid–Liquid Chromatography

The article is devoted to a brief review of liquid–liquid chromatography methods, such as cyclic chromatography with a discrete motion of the mobile phase and the recirculating, countercurrent, recirculating countercurrent, eluent extrusion, and stationary versions of chromatography. Methods for the preparative separation and isolation of preconcentrated fractions of target components from mixtures are also considered, as well as issues of instrument design of liquid–liquid chromatography processes. The works in the mathematical simulation of separation processes by liquid–liquid chromatography, carried out at the Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are considered in more detail. Methods of liquid–liquid chromatography can significantly increase the efficiency and productivity of separation processes.