Changes In Institution Research Articles

The Practice of Political Entrepreneurship in a Rural Javanese Village

This qualitative case study aims to explore the practice of political entrepreneurship in a rural Javanese village. Political entrepreneurship is dictated by the special interest of political entrepreneurs, incentives gained from the political system, and awareness about targeting the change of political institution, an explanation theorized by McCaffrey and Salerno (2011). Unlike the theory, this study assesses the importance of cultural explanation of political entrepreneurship which provides room in an academic discussion. The study reveals the role of Javanese (and Islam) values in encouraging the political entrepreneurship of a village head. Philosophical values of Javanese leadership promoting an exemplary leader (ing ngarso sung tulodo) and leadership behavior that is andap asor (humble) have favored public acceptance of the practice of political entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the doctrine (akhlak) and practices of Islamic rituals by the village head explain the direction of political entrepreneurship. This study discovers also the concept of ‘sungkan’ demonstrated in respect for the performance of the village head. Moreover, the ability to provide solutions to villagers’ problems practiced through suwuk and petungan add gratitude for the village head. Leadership behavior adhering to these cultural and religious values directly or indirectly induced a ‘sungkan’ effect in a reelection bid (the 2013 Village Election). ‘Sungkan’, which is equal to electoral accountability, explicates the outcome of political entrepreneurship for the electoral process in the village that were relatively clean from vote-buying. Lastly, the casework expands political entrepreneurship theory, indeed, cultural and religious values can also drive the practice of political entrepreneurship.

Distract, delay, disrupt: examples of manufactured doubt from five industries

Manufactured doubt describes the efforts used by organizations or individuals to obscure the harmful effects of their products or actions by manipulating science. Although approaches to do so are widely used, relevant stakeholders are often unaware of these tactics. Here, we examine the strategies used in five cases of manufactured doubt: tobacco and adverse health; coal and black lung; Syngenta and the herbicide atrazine; the sugar industry and cardiovascular disease; and the Marshall Institute and climate change. By describing the tactics used in these cases, effective methods for identifying and countering instances of manufactured doubt can be generated.

신제도주의 관점에서 바라본 조선시대 정치제도의 변화: 비변사를 중심으로

본 연구는 신제도주의 관점에서 비변사 발전의 과도기와 활성기 동안의 제도변화를 살펴본다. 과도기에는 안보위기, 정책논의구조의 단순화와 같은 상황맥락 관련 요인들이 다른 요인들의 부정적 영향을 상쇄시켜 초기 비변사의 제도정착에 기여했다. 활성기의 경우 상황맥락적 관계 요인, 제도적 정합성 요인, 정치적 행위자 요인 모두가 비변사의 제도화에 일조했다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 이론적 함의를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 제도도입 초기에는 제도의 효과성 입증과 제도도입의 필요성에 부합하는 상황맥락의 형성이 성공적 제도화의 관건이 된다. 둘째, 결정적 분기점 이후에 상황맥락에 부합하는 제도변화가 발생하여 경로의존을 강화시키지만 그런 변화가 나타나는 시점은 새로운 권력구조와 내·외부적 환경이 형성된 이후가 될 것이다. 셋째, 경로의존적 특성을 보이는 정치제도는 대안적 제도의 선택가능성을 박탈하여 독점적 지위를 통해 제도적 안정성을 높일 것이다.

The Influence of Social Capital in Economic Development in Indonesia: Macro Data Analysis of 2012 and 2014

The new paradigm development is not only measured from the economic aspect through Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but alsoviewed multidimensionally from the change of social structure, behavior, and national institution. Such social perspective iscalled social capital. Social capital is considered an important determinant of economic development. So that social capital isplaced as one input in development. The purpose of this scientific paper is to analyze the influence of social capital in the economic development of the approach of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in 33 Provinces in Indonesia. The analysisof the effect of social capital on GRDP along with other variables such as physical capital, labor, and human capital is done atthe macro level. The limits are the role of social capital in 2012 and 2014 due to data availability. The result of research indicatesthat social capital has not been enough to influence human capital at the macro level, while human capital has a significant effecton the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). It can say that social capital indirectly is no longer effected on GRDP inIndonesia.

Particularities of changes in the bulgarians' family institution in south bessarabia during socialism

Changes in the structure of a family and family interaction are studied in the given article together with social roles of a man and a woman during socialism which was characterized by violation of the patriarchal system of the Bulgarians in South Bessarabia. Besides, it's about violation in intergenerational transmission and changes in the ethnic composition of the Bulgarian group in the region with regard to its involvement from an industrial to an information soviet society. This led to the intensification of the population's communicative behaviour and therefore to violations in the Bulgarian group's endogamy of the region. During socialism changes of Bulgarian population's family structure take place in Budzhak. Within the set time period a number of simple nuclear families was rising due to living alone retirees and dislocated marriages of younger generation. Family workflow changes take place together with devide between intergenerational social transmission as the result of equalisation of rights between men and women together with inclusion of a woman into working and social life. Thus, both educational and social functions completely moved from a family to the government institution which in turn led to the formation of a generation that didn't own knowledge and practice to resume traditional life praxis. It became irrelevant the same as a role of the third generation. In consequence, a new family was formed where social knowledge for keeping lifestyle was passed from children to parents. Rising Bulgarian mobility and dynamism influenced on process-related activities between ethnic groups of the region, on forming civil society with equal legal rights instead of patriarchal ones. It also reduced the meaning of " endogamy" and contribute to local Bulgarian population's openness.

The Mediatized Conditions of Contemporary Religion: Critical Status and Future Directions

During the last decade the framework of mediatization theory has been introduced in the field of media, religion and culture as a parallel perspective to the “mediation of religion” approach, allowing new questions to be posed that align with religious change within Europe. This article provides a critical review of existing research applying mediatization of religion theory, focusing on key issues raised by its critics as well as how the theory have moved the research field forward. These issues concern the concept of religion, institution and social change, religious authority, and the application of mediatization theory outside the North-Western European context where it originated. The article argues that an institutional approach to mediatization is a relevant tool for analyzing change as a dynamic process in which the logics of particular forms of media influence practices, values and relations within particular manifestations of religion across various levels of analysis.

The king can do no wrong: On the criminal immunity of leaders

In its recent anti-corruption campaign, China removed the criminal immunity originally enjoyed by its leaders. Absent fundamental changes in the political institution—in which incumbent leaders, instead of citizens at large, select the next leaders—such a partial reform pays off only if (i) it takes place at the “right” time, (ii) it goes easy on corrupt low-rank officials, and (iii) the government is reasonably centralized. Failing any of these, such a partial reform would lead to rampant corruption throughout the government hierarchy—an outcome far worse than retaining leader immunity.

‘There is nothing to hold onto here’: complicity and vulnerability in Gavin Krastin’s On Seeing Red and Other Fantasies (2015)

In this article, I analyse some of the ways in which Gavin Krastin’s On Seeing Red and Other Fantasies (2015) engages with outrage and protest in a self-reflexive way. The idea of art as means to question and institute change in society, is contentious and my discussion here focuses on how forms of resistance, are easily subsumed within a capitalist context. On Seeing Red comments on the failure or the limits of ‘fantasy’ as a means of resistance and yet uses the make-believe platform of performance to express a critique of capitalist inertia and escapism. Krastin frames anger by turning his attention to form, investigating his own medium, that of performance art/live art. Specifically, the failure or limits of performance as a means to protest social, political and artistic concerns. The analysis is centred around two points of interest: firstly, how the work can be analysed in relation to the notions of deterritorialization and reterritorialization as theorized by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari (1987). The article then veers on to engage with the idea of the ‘actant’ via Susan Bennet (2010) as a way of exploring how the affective presence of inanimate performers (objects) in the work reveal a co-dependency between the human and the non-human. More specifically, how the use of props in the performance reveals the vulnerability of the performing body. The paper concludes with the idea that precarity offers the possibility of a mode of resistance through performance.

CMV Responses after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HI HSCT): Quantity Does Not Always Equal Quality

CMV reactivation post HSCT has been associated with an expansion of the CD3/8 T cell (CD8) compartment. We reported that in patients undergoing T replete 2 step HI HSCT, CMV reactivation resulted in inferior rates of non-relapse mortality and overall survival compared to non-reactivators despite increased CD8 numbers. (Gooptu, M. et al., Blood, 2014, 124:1170). We assessed whether defects in the quality of CD8 responses potentially mitigated the robust quantitative response in post HI HSCT patients reactivating CMV.Blood from HI HSCT recipients with CMV reactivation was analyzed using the CaFlux assay. This assay was developed at our institution and measures changes of intracellular Ca2+ in real time by fluorescent microscopy in CD8 cells responding to cognate peptides. The T cells form a continuous monolayer, enabling the cells to present peptides to each other. The approach allows the evaluation of the kinetics of intracellular Ca2+ signaling on the level of individual cells. A complete description is found in Anikeeva et al., Nature Communications, 2016, 7:13264.The assay was used to measure the percentage of responding CMV-specific CD8 cells and the pattern of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in 4 recipients reactivating CMV post HI HSCT. Observed patterns of response were rapid (normal), oscillating (inefficient), delayed, and spontaneous (non-specific and erratic). Analyzed patients had 1 to 3 HLA alleles capable of presenting 2 to 6 CMV peptide epitopes used for the assay. CMV serostatus of recipient/donor pair 1 was +/-. The other 3 pairs were CMV +/+. There was 100% donor T cell chimerism at the time of sampling in all patients.Responses were best characterized in patients 1 and 2 (shown in the table) due to the availability of sampling at earlier and multiple times and analyses of donor samples serving as comparison. Patient 1, with the CMV- donor, was on tacrolimus and/or steroids throughout sampling. CMV reactivation was evident from d+35 to d+47. There was a low frequency of CMV-specific CD8 cells which worsened with steroid therapy, although the quality of Ca2+ responses improved over time despite continued immune suppression. Patient 2 with a CMV+ donor was on tacrolimus and/or steroids throughout sampling. CMV reactivation was evident from d+35 to d+56. Initial testing showed a strong response in frequency and a very rapid Ca2+ response that was similar to the patient's CMV+ donor. The addition of steroids disproportionately affected frequency as opposed to the qualitative pattern of Ca2+ responses of CMV-specific CD8 cells in this patient.Patients 3 and 4 had one-time samples drawn well after the resolution of CMV. Neither patient had been treated with steroids post HSCT, and immune suppression had been tapered off 1-2 months prior to sampling. Peripheral blood CD8 counts were 931 and 862 cells/ul respectively. After stimulation with antigenic peptides, only 0.7% of responding CD8 cells were CMV specific in patient 3. Patterns of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in responding CMV-specific CD8 cells were 26% rapid, 42% oscillating, 22% delayed, and 10% spontaneous. A higher frequency of response was observed in patient 4 as compared to patient 3, with 5% of responding CD8 cells CMV specific, but patterns of Ca2+ accumulation, <2% rapid, 38% oscillating, 52% delayed, and 8% non-specific were poorer.This analysis showed that in some patients, despite robust CD8 counts in the blood and the absence of immune suppression, the quality of CMV-specific CD8 responses is poor for an extended time after HI HSCT. Whether this finding predicts for a poorly reconstituting immune system in general requires further investigation but may explain inferior outcomes in patients with CMV reactivation. In other patients, Ca2+ responses to CMV are of better quality, or in the case of a CMV- donor, improve rapidly. Steroid administration negatively impacted the frequency of CMV-specific CD8 cells more so than their response pattern. The analysis provides insights into the robustness or lack thereof of the post HI HSCT immune system beyond quantification of T cell numbers. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A novel integrated approach to the execution of personalized and self-evolving learning pathways

One of the main challenges to be confronted by Higher Educational Institutions (HEI), so as to increase quality, is the provision of personalized education services in a wide range of educational settings, often beyond the course sequences historically offered to students. However, this personalization requires the continuous reconfiguration and adaptation of the selected academic plans, since each student is a unique case and both the educational options and current circumstances inside an educational institution change rapidly. In this paper, we present an innovative software environment offered to the academic staff and personnel that provides an integrated information technology solution concerning the dynamic and personalized composition of students’ learning pathways during execution phase. The software environment comprises a process execution engine based on a semantic infrastructure (ontology) for configuring the learning pathways. During the execution of learning pathways, the system reasons over the rules and dynamically recommends the next steps of the learning. The implemented graphical user interface and the respective business logic for the recommendation and execution of the learning pathway processes is presented, alongside with a graphical rule generator interface for the definition of the rule-set for the learning pathways in a user-friendly way.

Emergent Professional Learning Communities in Higher Education: Integrating Faculty Development, Educational Innovation, and Organizational Change at a Canadian College

Centres for teaching and learning at postsecondary educational institutions in Canada seek to serve the professional development needs of faculty members throughout the college or university. Recognizing the limits of conventional frameworks for faculty development, such as one-time workshops, pedagogical conferences, and lunchtime discussion sessions, this interpretive inquiry explores learning communities as an additional framework for serving faculty development and cross-institutional professional development needs. The study asks: what does it mean for faculty, educational developers, support staff, and administrators to participate in a learning community at a college in Canada? Data collected through individual inquiry conversations (semi-structured interviews) and research memos were used to develop narrative descriptions representing the participants’ respective experiences of a learning community in a large, urban college context in Canada. These narrative descriptions offer portraits of the meaning that learning community members made of their own experience, revealing that the learning communities served not only as sites for professional development, but also formed microcultures within the institution, which, over time, influenced educational (academic) and organizational (administrative) change, both in policy and in practice.

Does Institution Explain Natural Resource Curse?

In this paper we study the natural resource curse by analyzing the cross-regional sample from Kazakhstan. Our focus is to understand if the institutional quality within the country explains the resource curse. Using the data for 14 regions in Kazakhstan between 2000 and 2010 and employing various panel data approaches, we find that the institutional quality is not a determinant of the resource curse as institution changes very slowly within the country over time. This statement surely contradicts with previous resource curse literatures that utilized cross-country sample counting the fact that institutions vary across countries. Instead here, we argue that the resource curse within the country arises as a result of commodity price volatility.

Identification of Organizational Change Factors in Higher Education Institution (Cases at New Public Universities in Indonesia)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine what factors are most contributing greatly to the change of college organizations that originally private university into the public university, the latent variable used is organizational change. &#x0D; Methodology: The survey was conducted to 128 lecturers at several new public universities located on Java island by using questionnaires as the main data collection tool. The statistical tool used is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to confirm the constructs of latent variables.&#x0D; Findings: Structure, culture, and resources owned by an organization will be an important factor in shaping institutional change of higher education institution when transformed from private to public. The resource becomes one of the constructs that have the greatest role in the organizational change of higher education institutions.&#x0D; Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to the proving of organizational change in the higher education institution only. In addition, it should also be investigated the direction of causality relationship by including other variables such as job satisfaction, organizational performance, and others.&#x0D; Practical implications: In this study, organizational changes reflected by changes in structure, culture, and resources must always be considered by conducting regular evaluations by management to identify which factors have a positive or negative impact of changes that occur either on changes in structure, culture or resources.&#x0D; Originality/value: This research is testing of constructor model of organizational change variable that uses three main factors namely structure, culture, and resources

ISU-ISU KONTEMPORER DALAM KONSTRUKSI PEMBAHARUAN PESANTREN

Pesantren sebagai institusi pendidikan Islam tertua di Indonesia berperan penting dalam memajukan perkembangan pendidikan Indonesia. Dewasa ini, perkembangan pesantren memperlihatkan kemajuan yang signifikan yang ditandai oleh semakin banyak pesantren yang melakukan pembaharuan dalam berbagai aspek, seperti inovasi kurikulum, manajemen pengelolaan, kepemimpinan dan metode pembelajaran.&#x0D; Pesantren yang dikenal sebagai institusi pendidikan tradisional menunjukkan sikap progresif dengan melakukan berbagai perubahan dan inovasi sebagai upaya memajukan sistem pendidikannya. Kecenderungan positif ini mematahkan sikap skeptis kalangan yang beranggapan bahwa pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam yang anti perubahan.&#x0D; Isu-isu seperti sekularisme, dikotomi, dan globalisasi berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pendidikan pesantren. Artikel ini secara spesifik membahas isu-isu tersebut melalui analisis telaah pustaka. Pesantren sebagai institusi pendidikan Islam diharapkan mampu bergerak maju sebagaimana majunya zaman. Pesantren sebagai institusi pendidikan Islam tetap berprinsip mempertahankan tradisi dan ciri khas dan terbuka terbuka terhadap pembaharuan.

Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices of School Administrators in Relation to School Performance among Teacher Education Institutions in the Province of Quezon

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THE FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHER IN THE USA

article is devoted to the problem of the professional activity of the higher school teacher in the United States. It is substantiated that in modern conditions, higher education acquires a mass character; there is a decrease in academic standards, innovative forms and methods of teaching are being used. The status of an educational institution changes, and the professional training in it equates to receiving a certain kind of «educational service». This predetermines the interest of the students in its uniqueness and quality, which surely will affect the professional activity of the teacher of higher education. Along with the traditional cultural mission, the activity of the teacher focuses on efficiency, rationality, organization and mobility. These tendencies contribute to the transformation of professional values and behavioral patterns of teachers that are inherent in the foreign higher school, particularly the American one. In this regard, there is actualized the issue of studying of the specifics of the professional activity of higher school teacher in the United States for the purpose of formation of the practical recommendations for domestic teachers in order to improve the efficiency of their professional activity. The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of the professional activity of the higher school teacher in the United States. Methods of research: theoretical analysis and synthesis, generalization of information, scientific interpretation of specific pedagogical facts, retrospective analysis of the professional activity of the teacher of the US higher school. It has been established that nowadays the professional activity of the higher school teacher at US universities involves two main types of activities – teaching and scientific-research, which are based on the principles of autonomy, academic freedom and collegiality. The teacher should have a full-fledged pedagogical education, should possess the methodology of teaching in higher school as well as skills of effective communication, should have deep knowledge of the subject and has to be able to stimulate students' academic and extra-curricular activity, also should have high level of readiness for scientific research work. Researches conducted by higher school teachers in the United States provides an opportunity to implement a high-level teaching process, as well as attract students to research work that makes the learning process more active and effective.

Effects of mineral and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in agricultural chestnut soil

Soil organic matter can be analyzed on the basis of the different fractions. Changes in the levels of organic matter, caused by land use, can be better understood by alterations in the different fractions. Therefore in order to discover tendency of soil fertility sustainability it is significant to research on stable and labile form fractions of soil organic carbon by advanced methodology and modern technique. Our research work aimedto evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the labile and stable organic carbon of the chestnut soil in Mongolia. The soils samples used in this study we collected from variants of mineral (N60P40K40), organic (biohumus 1t / hec.) Fertilizer and their combination of the Long-term fertilizers experiments of Plant and Agriculture Institute Changes in soil organic C by land use for agricultural purposes occurred mainly in the fraction of particulate organic matter (&gt; 20 μm). The clay and silt fractions were quatified with a Mastersizer S after distruction organic substances and carbonates using H2O2 and HCI and the sand fraction was determined by wet sieving. According to our research, the stable form of organic carbon in chestnut soil is 39, 0-40,1% of the total fine particle size and 59, 9-61,0% of the active form fraction. On the other hand, variants with fertilizer tend to have increased stabile composition of soil organic carbon. It indicates that soil fertility protection and increased stability are possible in the country’s agricultural technology if use mineral and organic fertilizers.

Sine praejudicio? Economics and the 2014 Scottish independence referendum

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the contribution of expert economic opinion to the 2014 referendum campaigns on Scottish independence. We argue that the input from economics to both sides of the debate, as well as to independent analysis, was constrained by a mainstream economics framing. The result was a focus on calculable outcomes predicated on unchanging institutions and behaviour, and the question of currency arrangements that assumes the status quo is an optimal currency area. As the consequences of constitutional change for institutions and behaviour are uncertain, an equilibrium framework treats anything beyond calculable prediction as a shock, inducing fear of the unknown. In contrast, a political economy approach is tailored to analysing uncertain developments and encompassing the broader issues relating to values, democracy and power, and is thus better suited to the analysis of constitutional change.

Trust in the Market: Institutions versus Social Capital

The principal objective of this research paper is to gain an in-depth understating on what is the critical driver of trust in the market, whether it is social capital or institutions. Works by several authors such as Robert Putnam, Ostrom, Francis Fukuyama, Douglass North, among others were used as primary sources for the research. It is, however, essential to note that there are no proven theories on what is the primary driver of trust in the market, but it is imperative to study a market to know whether institutions or social capital are the primary driver of trust in that particular market. The merits, demerits, and the composition of trust in social capital and institutions are identified in this paper. Generalized trust, values, and norms of reciprocity and cooperation are viewed as the key pillars of social capital and have an undeniable influence on confidence in markets. Trust in institutions, on the other hand, is influenced by the type of institution and institutional change. Organizations are viewed more formally by players in a market and are conceived to be credible; hence one cannot ignore their influence on trust in the market. According to this paper, trust in markets is driven by both social capital and institutions. One cannot solely rely on one and ignore the other. The interdependent relationship existing between institutions and social capital has a significant impact on economic, financial and financing decisions of the players in a market. Developing an even-handed, balanced employment of trust in social capital and trust in institutions could positively influence the socio-economic conditions of any market. In other words, to achieve their primary objective, which is profit maximization, the participants in a market have to learn how to strike a balance in the levels of trust they place on either social capital or institutions.

Predicting the Number of Publications for Scholarly Networks

Scholarly networks have attracted great attentions, such as scholarly impact evaluation, scholarly impact prediction, scholarly recommendation, co-author relationships analysis, and team identification. Ranking research institutions as an important aspect of scholarly impact research is of great significance for decision makers, such as funding allocation, promotion, and transfer. There has been much debate about the scientific correctness behind those rankings. Predicting the number of accepted conference papers of research institutions next year is proposed by KDD Cup 2016, which aims to measure the impact of research institutions. To accurately predict the impact of different institutions in the eight top conferences: FSE, ICML, KDD, MM, MobiCom, SIGCOMM, SIGIR, and SIGMOD, a novel model was proposed in which the number of accepted papers of each institution, country, and time factors driving the impact of institution change are used as training features. Correspondingly, a hybrid model of support vector machine and neural network is constructed for resolving the predictive task. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the Markov model and the neural network model in terms of normalized discounted cumulative gain.