Institut Universitaire De France Research Articles

Intact proviruses are enriched in the colon and associated with PD-1+TIGIT− mucosal CD4+ T cells of people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy

The persistence of intact replication-competent HIV-1 proviruses is responsible for the virological rebound off treatment. The gut could be a major reservoir of HIV-1 due to the high number of infected target cells. We collected blood samples and intestinal biopsies (duodenum, ileum, colon) from 42 people with HIV-1 receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. We used the Intact Proviral DNA Assay to estimate the frequency of intact HIV-1 proviruses in the blood and in the intestinal mucosa of these individuals. We analyzed the genetic complexity of the HIV-1 reservoir by performing single-molecule next-generation sequencing of HIV-1 env DNA. The activation/exhaustion profile of mucosal T lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. Intact proviruses are particularly enriched in the colon. Residual HIV-1 transcription in the gut is associated with persistent mucosal and systemic immune activation. The HIV-1 intestinal reservoir appears to be shaped by the proliferation of provirus-hosting cells. The genetic complexity of the viral reservoir in the colon is positively associated with TIGIT expression but negatively with PD-1, and inversely related to its intact content. The size of the intact reservoir in the colon is associated with PD-1+TIGIT- mucosal CD4+ T cells, particularly in CD27+ memory cells, whose proliferation and survival could contribute to the enrichment of the viral reservoir by intact proviruses. Enrichment in intact proviruses makes the gut a key compartment for HIV-1 persistence on antiretroviral therapy. This project was supported by grants from the ANRS-MIE (ANRS EP61 GALT), Sidaction, and the Institut Universitaire de France.

DNA‐Encoded Synthetic Systems: Coding More than Life

DNA‐Encoded Synthetic Systems: Coding More than Life

High-resolution (7-T) Liver MRI for Pathologic Examination.

HomeRadiologyVol. 306, No. 1 PreviousNext Reviews and CommentaryFree AccessImages in RadiologyHigh-resolution (7-T) Liver MRI for Pathologic ExaminationJérémy Dana , Aïna VenkatasamyJérémy Dana , Aïna VenkatasamyAuthor AffiliationsFrom the Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, U1110, 3 Rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France (J.D.); Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Strasbourg, France (J.D., A.V.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada (J.D.); Streinth Laboratory (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Interface Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée à la Cancérologie, Strasbourg, France (A.V.); and Department of Radiology–Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (A.V.).Address correspondence to J.D. (email: [email protected]).Jérémy Dana Aïna VenkatasamyPublished Online:Sep 6 2022https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.220410MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In Online supplemental material is available for this article.Two different liver samples from patients who underwent surgical resection were imaged with a 7-T MRI scanner by using fat-suppressed fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequence, reaching spatial resolution of 75 × 75 × 200 μm in 2 hours.An MRI scan clearly demonstrated the homogeneous architecture of the normal liver (Figure) and identified the primary liver lobule, with its centrilobular vein and peripheral portal tracts (Figure, B and C) within the interlobular delineations (Figure, B). In stage 2 fibrotic liver (Fig E1 [online]), an MRI scan of the liver sample demonstrated correlation with pathologic findings, easily identifying the same fibrous portal bridges (Fig E1A and E1B [online]) and enlarged fibrous portal tracts (Fig E1A and E1B [online]), thus enabling a similar grading of fibrosis. With a spatial resolution close to that of the pathologic examination, MRI enabled an easier depiction of the liver lobule boundaries, allowing early detection of fibrosis-related architectural distortion. Additionally, the specimen remained intact, as no specific preparation was required for the MRI scan, and could undergo standard pathologic processing after image acquisition.Images show radiologic-pathologic correlation of normal liver. (A) Fat-suppressed T2-weighted MRI scan, with a spatial resolution of 75 × 75 × 200 μm, shows the homogeneous architecture of normal liver. (B) MRI scan (magnified image) depicts the anatomy of the primary liver lobule with its centrilobular vein (arrowhead) and peripheral portal venous tracts (arrow) within the interlobular delineations (star). (C) Mirrored pathologic slide, with Masson trichrome staining at four times magnification, identifies the liver lobule with the centrilobular vein (arrowhead) and peripheral portal tracts (arrow) within the interlobular delineations (black lines). (D) Schematic representation of the primary liver lobule with the centrilobular vein (central blue dot) and peripheral portal venous tracts (arrow).Download as PowerPointOpen in Image Viewer Disclosures of conflicts of interest: J.D. Research grant from the French Society of Radiology. A.V. Support from Bracco to attend RSNA 2021; faculty member for ESHNR.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Chrystelle Po, PhD (ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, France), Antonin Fattori, MD (Département de Pathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France), Catherine Schuster, PhD (Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France), Thomas F. Baumert, MD, PhD (Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMR_S1110, Strasbourg, France), Benoit Gallix, MD, PhD (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Strasbourg, France), and Pr Patrick Pessaux, MD, PhD (Département de Chirurgie Viscérale et Digestive, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France) for their crucial contribution. Supported by French state funds managed within the "Plan Investissements d’Avenir" and by the ANR (ANR-10-IAHU-02 to B.G.), the ARC, Paris and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Strasbourg (TheraHCC 2.0 and IHUARC2019 to T.F.B.), the European Union (ERC-AdG-2014-671231-HEPCIR and ERC-AdG-2020-667273-FIBCAN to T.F.B.), ANRS, Paris (ECTZ160436 and ECTZ103701 to T.F.B), the Foundation of the University of Strasbourg (HEPKIN to T.F.B.), and the Institut Universitaire de France (T.F.B.). This work has been published under the framework of the LABEX ANR-10-LABX-0028_HEPSYS and Inserm Plan Cancer.Article HistoryReceived: Feb 23 2022Revision requested: Mar 22 2022Revision received: Apr 9 2022Accepted: Apr 25 2022Published online: Sept 06 2022Published in print: Jan 2023 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles A Comprehensive Approach to Hepatic Vascular DiseaseRadioGraphics2017Volume: 37Issue: 3pp. 813-836Imaging Findings of Congestive HepatopathyRadioGraphics2016Volume: 36Issue: 4pp. 1024-1037Noninvasive Staging of Liver Fibrosis Using 5-Minute Delayed Dual-Energy CT: Comparison with US Elastography and Correlation with Histologic FindingsRadiology2021Volume: 298Issue: 3pp. 600-608Catheter-directed Intraportal Delivery of Endothelial Cell Therapy for Liver Regeneration: A Feasibility Study in a Large-Animal Model of CirrhosisRadiology2017Volume: 285Issue: 1pp. 114-123Pulmonary Functional Imaging: Part 1—State-of-the-Art Technical and Physiologic UnderpinningsRadiology2021Volume: 299Issue: 3pp. 508-523See More RSNA Education Exhibits Radiological-Pathological Correlation in Diffuse Lung Diseases Using Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography (U-HRCT): From Miller’s to Reid’s LobuleDigital Posters2019Peribronchovascular Disease on CT: Diagnostic Approach and Imaging FindingsDigital Posters2020Imaging of Hepatic Periportal Lesions and Perivenous LesionsDigital Posters2018 RSNA Case Collection Arterioportal fistulaRSNA Case Collection2021Hepatic AngiosarcomaRSNA Case Collection2021Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma RSNA Case Collection2021 Vol. 306, No. 1 Supplemental MaterialMetrics Altmetric Score PDF download

Uranium(III)–Phosphorus(III) Synergistic Activation of White Phosphorus and Arsenic

Uranium(III)–Phosphorus(III) Synergistic Activation of White Phosphorus and Arsenic

Broadening the Collective Turn in Marketing: From Consumer Collectives to Consumption Agencements

Broadening the Collective Turn in Marketing: From Consumer Collectives to Consumption Agencements

Convergence of proximal gradient algorithm in the presence of adjoint mismatch * *This work was supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant MAJORIS ERC-2019-STG-850925, the ANRT CIFRE Convention 2018/1587, the ANR AI Chair BRIGEABLE, and the Institut Universitaire de France.

We consider the proximal gradient algorithm for solving penalized least-squares minimization problems arising in data science. This first-order algorithm is attractive due to its flexibility and minimal memory requirements allowing to tackle large-scale minimization problems involving non-smooth penalties. However, for problems such as x-ray computed tomography, the applicability of the algorithm is dominated by the cost of applying the forward linear operator and its adjoint at each iteration. In practice, the adjoint operator is thus often replaced by an alternative operator with the aim to reduce the overall computation burden and potentially improve conditioning issues. In this paper, we propose to analyze the effect of such an adjoint mismatch on the convergence of the proximal gradient algorithm in an infinite-dimensional setting, thus generalizing the existing results on PGA. We derive conditions on the step-size and on the gradient of the smooth part of the objective function under which convergence of the algorithm to a fixed point is guaranteed. We also derive bounds on the error between this point and the solution to the original minimization problem. We illustrate our theoretical findings with two image reconstruction tasks in computed tomography.

Clinical Relevance of Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases.

Clinical Relevance of Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases.

A truncating MEIOB mutation responsible for familial primary ovarian insufficiency abolishes its interaction with its partner SPATA22 and their recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks.

BackgroundPrimary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), a major cause of infertility, affects about 1–3% of women under forty years of age. Although there is a growing list of causal genetic alterations, POI remains mostly idiopathic.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing (WES) of two sisters affected with POI, one unaffected sister and their mother from a consanguineous family. We assessed the impact of the identified MEIOB variant with a minigene assay and by sequencing illegitimate transcripts from the proband's leukocytes. We studied its functional impact on the interaction between MEIOB with its partner SPATA22 and their localization to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB).FindingsWe identified a homozygous variant in the last base of exon 12 of MEIOB, which encodes a factor essential for meiotic recombination. This variant was predicted to strongly affect MEIOB pre-mRNA splicing. Consistently, a minigene assay showed that the variant induced exon 12 skipping, which was confirmed in vivo in the proband's leukocytes. Aberrant splicing leads to the production of a C-terminally truncated protein that cannot interact with SPATA22, abolishing their recruitment to DSBs.InterpretationThis truncating MEIOB variant is expected to provoke meiotic defects and a depleted follicular stock, as in Meiob−/− mice. This is the first molecular defect reported in a meiosis-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) responsible for POI. We hypothesise that alterations in other SSB proteins could explain cases of syndromic or isolated ovarian insufficiency.FundUniversité Paris Diderot, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Fondation ARC contre le cancer, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique and Institut Universitaire de France.

Introduction: Voicing Text 1500–1700

This special issue is dedicated to the memory of Xavier Bisaro (June 21, 1972–June 17, 2018). Bisaro was professor of musicology at the Université François Rabelais de Tours, a research fellow at the Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance, and a junior member of the Institut Universitaire de France. His work was principally dedicated to the study of music and liturgy in the early modern period. His most recent project was "Cantus Scholarum: Le chant scolaire dans l'Europe moderne," https://www.cantus-scholarum.univ-tours.fr/#.

Disobedience as Resistance to Intellectual Conformity

Previous articleNext article No AccessDisobedience as Resistance to Intellectual ConformitySandra Laugier and Daniela GinsburgSandra Laugier Search for more articles by this author and Daniela Ginsburg Search for more articles by this author Sandra Laugier is professor of philosophy at University of Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne and a senior fellow of the Institut Universitaire de France. Daniela Ginsburg is a freelance translator.PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Critical Inquiry Volume 45, Number 2Winter 2019Davidson and His Interlocutors Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/700995 Views: 462Total views on this site © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Paolo Samorì

Angewandte Chemie International EditionVolume 56, Issue 49 p. 15498-15498 Author ProfileFree Access Paolo Samorì First published: 17 August 2017 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707626Citations: 4AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract “My science “hero” is Richard Feynman. The most important thing I learned from my students is innocent curiosity ...” This and more about Paolo Samorì can be found on page 15498. Paolo Samorì The author presented on this page has recently published his 10th article in Angewandte Chemie in the last 10 years: “Ultrafast Delamination of Graphite into High-Quality Graphene Using Alternating Currents”: S. Yang et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 6669; Angew. Chem. 2017, 129, 6770. The work of P. Samorì has been featured on the cover of Angewandte Chemie: “Dynamers at the Solid–Liquid Interface: Controlling the Reversible Assembly/Reassembly Process between Two Highly Ordered Supramolecular Guanine Motifs”: A. Ciesielski, S. Lena, S. Masiero, G. P. Spada, P. Samorì, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 1963; Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 2007. Date of birth: May 3, 1971 Position: Distinguished Professor, Université de Strasbourg, and Director, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Strasbourg E-mail: samori@unistra.fr Homepage: www.nanochemistry.fr ORCID: 0000-0001-6256-8281 Education: 1995 Laurea, University of Bologna 2000 PhD, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Awards: 2010 Junior member of the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF); 2011 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry; 2012 CNRS Silver Medal; 2014 Fellow of the European Academy of Sciences; 2014 Member of the Academia Europaea; 2017 Grignard–Wittig Lecture (GDCh); 2017 Catalan–Sabatier Prize (RSEQ) Current research interests: Multifunctional nanomaterials for electronics, energy, and sensing applications; two-dimensional materials; organic electronics; supramolecular chemistry; nanoscience Hobbies: Nature, fishing, hunting My science “hero” is Richard Feynman. The most important thing I learned from my students is innocent curiosity. The secret of being a successful scientist is openness, passion, and perseverance: never give up! If I had one year of paid leave I would make a world tour with my family. The principal aspect of my personality is that I am always willing to learn from anyone I meet. My favorite musician is David Bowie. The biggest challenge facing scientists is finding a solution to energy and environmental problems. Looking back over my career, I am happy to be a chemist! My favorite drink is red wine – spicy and berry-flavored (Grenache and/or Syrah). If I were a car I would be a red Ferrari (with paint based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole dye). My biggest inspiration is Nature – any living matter around me. I advise my students to keep their eyes fully open when they are doing an experiment to catch any unexpected behavior or result. My 5 top papers: 1“Cooperative light-induced molecular movements of highly ordered azobenzene SAMs”: G. Pace, V. Ferri, C. Grave, M. Elbing, M. Zharnikov, M. Mayor, M. A. Rampi, P. Samorì, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007, 104, 9937. (Photochemical switching can occur over entire molecular 2D crystalline domains.) 2“Molecular Tectonics on Surfaces: Bottom-Up Fabrication of 1D Coordination Networks that Form 1D and 2D Arrays on Graphite”: M. Surin, P. Samorì, A. Jouaiti, N. Kyritsakas, M. W. Hosseini, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 245; Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 249. (Nanopatterning of 1D or 2D multifunctional arrays on surfaces with sub-nanometer precision.) 3“Self-assembly of an Amphiphilic π-Conjugated Dyad into Fibers: Ultrafast and Ultrasensitive Humidity Sensor”: M. A. Squillaci, L. Ferlauto, Y. Zagranyarski, S. Milita, K. Müllen, P. Samorì, Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 3170. (The self-assembly of electroactive π–π stacked fibrillar structures can be triggered by irradiation with visible light.) 4“Light-enhanced liquid-phase exfoliation and photoswitching current in graphene–azobenzene composites”: M. Döbbelin et al., Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11090. (Reversible photomodulated current was observed in two-terminal devices based on these composites.) 5“Flexible non-volatile optical memory thin-film transistor device with over 256 distinct levels based on an organic bicomponent blend”: T. Leydecker, M. Herder, E. Pavlica, G. Bratina, S. Hecht, E. Orgiu, P. Samorì, Nat. Nanotech 2016, 11, 769. (A blend of a reference polymer semiconductor and a photochromic diarylethene that can be switched with ultraviolet and green light irradiation.) Citing Literature Volume56, Issue49December 4, 2017Pages 15498-15498 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Herencia, deuda y responsabilidad. Conversación con André Laks

<p>André Laks, nacido en 1950, estudió en la École Normale Supérieure y en la Universidad de Lille 3 en Francia, donde fue alumno de Jean Bollack y por muchos años profesor de griego y de filosofía antigua. Fue también profesor en la Universidad de Princeton de 1990 a 1994, y de la Sorbona de 2007 a 2011. Fue miembro de la Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin en 1999/2000 y del Institut Universitaire de France de 1998 a 2008. Actualmente es profesor de la Universidad Panamericana en México. Sus principales áreas de interés son: los presocráticos, Platón, Aristóteles, la historiografía del pensamiento antiguo y la teoría hermenéutica. La colección de fragmentos de los primeros filósofos griegos que ha editado con G. W. Most aparecerá simultáneamente en dos ediciones bilingües en otoño de 2016, en inglés por Harvard University Press (colección Loeb, nueve volúmenes) y en francés por la editorial Fayard.</p>

Cluster Preface: Heterogeneous Catalysis

Jean-Cyrille Hierso is full professor of Chemistry since 2009, heading the group of ‘Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis’ at the Institute of Molecular Chemistry at the University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte (UBFC). He has interest in the fields of organometallic chemistry, ligand design, homo- and heterogeneous catalysis, chemical physics, and material sciences. In 2011 he was awarded the National Prize for Coordination Chemistry from the French Chemical Society (SCF), and at the end of 2012 he was elected a junior Member of the French Professors Academy ‘Institut Universitaire de France’ (IUF).Yasuhiro Uozumi is a full professor at the Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) in Okazaki, Japan since 2000, and has also been appointed as a research team leader at RIKEN in Wako, Japan. He is interested in the fields of organic synthesis, organometallic chemistry, transition metal catalysis, and green chemistry. He was awarded The Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ) Award for Creative Work (2007), the Ministerial Award for Green Sustainable Chemistry (2007), the Inoue Prize (2010), and The Ministerial Commendation for Science and Technology (2014).

A Compelling Case for Bipolar Electrochemistry

Most electrochemists perform experiments with conventional three-electrode set-ups composed of a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode. The electrode of interest in that case is the working electrode, where, depending on its polarization with respect to the solution, either an oxidation or a reduction reaction occurs. Things are very different for bipolar electrochemistry, because both oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously on the same electrode and that electrode is not physically connected through an electrical contact to a power supply (see also the tutorial article by R. M. Crooks at the beginning of this special issue1). From a historical point of view, the basic concepts associated with bipolar electrochemistry have been known for several decades. With the advent of micro- and nanotechnology, however, there is considerable renewed interest in this approach. This is because, over the last decade or so, it has become apparent that there are extremely attractive features of bipolar electrochemistry for applications in areas ranging from analytical chemistry to materials science. This impressive recent increase in the number of studies, using bipolar electrochemistry as a basis for the development of intriguing new scientific approaches, is mostly due to four main factors: The electrochemical experiments can be carried out in the absence of an ohmic contact. This wireless feature is certainly the most appealing one and opens the door to many experiments that simply cannot be done with a classic electrochemical set-up. A direct consequence of the preceding point is the fact that the technique allows simultaneous control over thousands or millions of electrodes. This provides access to many new types of experiments, including high-throughput screening of materials and mass production of modified particles. Intrinsically, bipolar electrochemistry is a fantastic tool to break the symmetry of a chemical system in a straightforward way, thus opening perspectives in various fields, ranging from the synthesis of graded, asymmetric or multifunctional materials, to the generation of controlled motion. Last but not least, bipolar electrochemistry can be considered as a low-cost method that generally requires only simple instrumentation that can easily be handled, even by inexperienced persons. The direct consequence of these four advantages is that bipolar electrochemistry has experienced an exponential growth in the number of users (and publications, Figure 1), and we believe that this renaissance will continue as more and more scientists and engineers, in disciplines ranging from chemistry, biology, and materials science to device fabrication, take advantage of “wireless” electrochemistry. Citations of publications with the topic “bipolar electrochemistry” over the last two decades. Adapted from Web of Science. For all these reasons, this is a good time to dedicate a special issue of ChemElectroChem to this topic, gathering some of the most recent achievements based on this concept. We hope that after going through this issue (the first dedicated exclusively to bipolar electrochemistry), the reader will share our enthusiasm for this appealing and straight-forward approach and find new and exciting ways to benefit from the power of this interesting electrochemical method. Alexander Kuhn is Full Professor at the Engineering School of Chemistry, Biology and Physics in Bordeaux (France) and also senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France. His main research interests, documented in over 150 publications, are in highly controlled surface modification of electrodes with applications ranging from (bio)electrocatalysis and analytical chemistry to materials science. He became interested in bipolar electrochemistry ten years ago and since then has been exploring its utility in these different areas together with his collaborators. Richard M. Crooks is presently the Robert A. Welch Chair in Materials Chemistry at The University of Texas at Austin. His scientific interests include electrochemistry, chemical sensing, and catalysis. He has published nearly 300 research papers and is the recipient of several awards, including the Carl Wagner Memorial Award of the Electrochemical Society, the American Chemical Society Electrochemistry Award, and the Faraday Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry. In addition to his scientific interests, he writes detective fiction and enjoys distance running. Shinsuke Inagi received his Ph.D. from Kyoto University in 2007 under the direction of Prof. Yoshiki Chujo. After postdoctoral research at Kyoto University, he joined the group of Prof. Toshio Fuchigami as an Assistant Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2007. He was promoted to Lecturer in 2011, then to Associate Professor in 2015. His current research interests focus on organic electrochemistry, including electrochemical synthesis of polymeric materials. Bipolar electrochemistry is definitely extending his research field.

A New Vision of Creativity: An Interview With Todd Lubart

Todd Lubart is Professor of Psychology at the Universite Paris Descartes and former member of the Institut Universitaire de France. He received his PhD from Yale University and was an invited profe...

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

Jean‐Marie Georges

It is with great sadness we announce the passing of Professor Jean-Marie Georges on Wednesday the 28th of January 2015. Jean-Marie was born in Chaumont (Haute-Marne) in 1939 and studied at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon, where he obtained his doctorate in 1964. His scientific career started in the French engineering industry at the Center for Hydromécanique et Frottement in Saint-Étienne, where he studied electrochemical surface treatments to reduce surface wear, which was also the subject of his PhD thesis. In 1968 Professor Georges left France to continue his research work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On his return to France Professor Georges took up an Academic appointment at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon and in 1970 established the Département de Technologie des Surfaces. In 1992, the laboratory was enlarged and renamed the Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes (LTDS). The laboratory is now recognised as one of the leading tribology research groups world-wide. Throughout his career, he also maintained close international relations, especially with Japan and the University of Tohoku in Sendai. Professor Georges’ research focused on understanding tribology mechanisms at the nanometer scale. To do this he and his group designed and developed highly-sensitive equipment capable of measuring and understanding lubricating film properties at the molecular level. These new capabilities initiated the study of boundary films, molecular friction, surface rheology and lubricant additive mechanisms. Professor Georges is particularly known for his work on zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates which are an important class of lubricant antiwear additives. The research was reported in many significant papers published in international journals. One outstanding aspect of his work was the ability to communicate his research to a wider audience and to place the findings in an engineering context. The work did not exist in an academic vacuum but contributed to the benefit of industry and society. For this reason Professor Georges participated in the program “la main à la pâte”, teaching at a secondary school, generating giant soap bubbles to the delight of the schoolchildren and their teachers. His studies are summarized in his book published in 2000: Frottement, usure et lubrification: La tribologie ou science des surfaces. During his career Professor Georges received many national and international awards recognising the importance of his work. In 1993, he was elected senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). Professor Georges also received the 1994 Tribology Trust Gold Medal from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers UK which is awarded each year to outstanding Tribologists on the world stage. The citation states the award is “In recognition of his outstanding contribution to tribology and in particular, to the development of techniques for the measurement and analysis of surface forces on the molecular or nanometric scale”. Professor Georges was a great scientist, respected and admired by all, at ease amidst tribologists and physicists in France and worldwide. We are indebted to him and remember him as a great man, a great teacher, with an unlimited curiosity, a communicative enthusiasm, grand gestures and an unforgettable laugh. We will miss Jean-Marie immensely and offer our deepest condolences to his family.

Is the Devil (or Angel) Located in Frontal Cortical Areas?

Event Abstract Back to Event Is the Devil (or Angel) Located in Frontal Cortical Areas? Martial Mermillod1, 2*, Brice Beffara1, Amélie Bret1, Johan Lepage3, Tiffany Morisseau4 and Nicolas Vermeulen5, 6 1 Grenoble-Alpes University, France 2 Institut Universitaire de France, France 3 Université Pierre Mendès-France, Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Psychologie, France 4 Institut des Sciences Cognitives, L2C2 - (CNRS UMR 5230), France 5 Université Catholique de Louvain, Psychology, Belgium 6 Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium In a recent article, we proposed a theoretical framework specifying the neural and psychological underpinnings of embodiment processes (Niedenthal, Mermillod, Maringer, & Hess, 2010). Under this theoretical model, the recognition of emotional expressions is not only driven by bottom-up processes from perceptual to cognitive areas but also by an important neural activity from high-level cortical areas involved in the processing of conceptual or social information. On the basis of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) experiments, we have shown that this theoretical model does not only apply to the recognition of emotional facial expressions but also to more complex social situations (e.g. dehumanization of outgroup individuals). These experiments revealed different empirical evidence of such top-down activity during the assessment of complex emotional or social situations. More precisely, we have shown that the level of mimicry (assessed by electromyographic activity), which is at the root of the embodiment theory, is significantly modulated by high-level complex social situations related to the group membership of the participants. Keywords: Visual Perception, EEG, EMG, Embodiment theory, emotional facial expressions, top-down regulation Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Emotional and Social Processes Citation: Mermillod M, Beffara B, Bret A, Lepage J, Morisseau T and Vermeulen N (2015). Is the Devil (or Angel) Located in Frontal Cortical Areas?. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00265 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Prof. Martial Mermillod, Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France, Martial.Mermillod@upmf-grenoble.fr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Martial Mermillod Brice Beffara Amélie Bret Johan Lepage Tiffany Morisseau Nicolas Vermeulen Google Martial Mermillod Brice Beffara Amélie Bret Johan Lepage Tiffany Morisseau Nicolas Vermeulen Google Scholar Martial Mermillod Brice Beffara Amélie Bret Johan Lepage Tiffany Morisseau Nicolas Vermeulen PubMed Martial Mermillod Brice Beffara Amélie Bret Johan Lepage Tiffany Morisseau Nicolas Vermeulen Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Multiple-Vote Symbol-Flipping Decoder for Nonbinary LDPC Codes

This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under Grant TEC2011-27916, in part by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia under Grant SP20120625, and in part by the Institut Universitaire de France. The work of F. Garcia-Herrero was supported by the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Educacion, under Grant AP2010-5178.

Out in Africa: same-sex desire in sub-Saharan literatures & cultures

Homosexuality was and still is thought to be quintessentially 'un-African'. Yet in this book Chantal Zabus examines the anthropological, cultural and literary representations of male and female same-sex desire in a pan-African context from the nineteenth century to the present. Reaching back to early colonial contacts between Europe and Africa, and covering a broad geographical spectrum, along a north-south axis from Mali to South Africa and an east-west axis from Senegal to Kenya, here is a comparative approach encompassing two colonial languages (English and French) and some African languages. 'Out in Africa' charts developments in Sub-Saharan African texts and contexts through the work of 7 colonial writers and some 25 postcolonial writers. These texts grow in complexity from roughly the 1860s, through the 1990s with the advent of queer theory, up to 2010. The author identifies those texts that present, in a subterraneous way at first and then with increased confidence, homosexuality-as-an-identity rather than an occasional or ritualized practice, as was the case in the early ethnographic imagination. The work sketches out an evolutionary pattern in representing male and female same-sex desire in the novel and other texts, as well as in the cultural and political contexts that oppose such desires. Chantal Zabus holds the IUF [Institut universitaire de France] Chair of Comparative Postcolonial Literatures and Gender Studies at the University Paris 13 and at the Universities Sorbonne-Paris-Cite, France I. She is author of 'Between Rites and Rights'; 'The African Palimpsest: Indigenization of Language in the West African Europhone Novel', and 'Tempests after Shakespeare'.She is presently Editor-in-Chief of the on-line journal 'Postcolonial Text'.