Institut National Polytechnique De Research Articles

Dedicate to commemorate of Prof. Lina Zhang

Dedicate to commemorate of Prof. Lina Zhang

Cathodic Protection Modeling of a Covered and Uncovered Steel Immersed in Seawater: Corrosion Characterization

As underwater structure, ships are protected by a suitable cathodic protection system to prevent and reduce significantly corrosion phenomenon. This protective system, called Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP), creates an underwater electrical current. Then, this current generates an electromagnetic field also referred as electrical signature that could be detectable by sensors [1-2]. Therefore, this work refers to the electrochemical characterization of the materials used in naval framework in addition to a better comprehension of the corrosion phenomenon. The final goal is to predict electrical signatures of ships under different corrosion conditions as illustrated on figure 1: Electrical fields induce by natural corrosion or ICCP. These predictions will be done by including the obtained models of material in numerical simulation tools based on the boundary element method.In a first time, polarization laws of different materials present on the immersed hull and electrically connected are obtained: the hull material (coated and uncoated), the propeller material and zinc for sacrificial anodes to complete the cathodic protection system. One part of this project is to be able to model the metal/electrolyte interface in different operating conditions: speed, temperature, polarization state, ageing of the coating and galvanic coupling between the different metals. The second part of this project is to integrate these laboratory data in simulation tools to optimize it. In these simulation tools, the hull is discretized by a surface mesh. Each element of the mesh is being associated to local polarization laws obtained during the laboratory test. Then laboratory models and simulation tools will be tested at a bigger scale on a mockup.To achieve these goals, it’s important to understand what happens physically at the interface and modeling the different corrosion phenomena which take place at the interface. To model the interface experimentally, Electrical Equivalent Circuits are used. These Electrical Equivalent Circuits, commonly called EEC, are deduced considering physical phenomenon happening at the interface by fitting Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data. To complete EIS investigations and confirm the different models, potentiodynamic curves and Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDX analyses were also performed.From the first results, Electrical Equivalent Circuits (EEC) of the metallic interface behavior (hull) are proposed for different polarizations conditions: anodic, corrosion potential and cathodic (ICCP potential: -0,8 VECS) in order to understand more deeply the corrosion phenomenon following the polarization state of the steel. In complement EEC investigations will be made under different temperatures and in electrolyte dynamic conditions (thanks to a rotating electrode) for hull steel samples at corrosion potential. The propeller material will also be characterized following speed influence of the solution and temperature. Simultaneously painted hull steel is also investigated in regards to temperature, polarization state and mechanical ageing. Transition state (ICCP turn on/off) and galvanic coupling between propeller and hull materials coated or not will be investigated to complete elementary investigations. Painted hull steel samples give equivalent result whatever experimental conditions. Indeed freshly painted hull steel samples show an almost pure capacitance behavior if we refer to the (Loveday et al.; 2004) [1] work’s suggesting a strong protective behavior of freshly painted sample. To model this behavior a simple Randle circuit,which only take into account the impedance of the paint, is used. The impact of mechanical defects will be presented to simulate paint degradation and investigate evolution of polarization law. In case of uncoated hull steel, EEC are more complex and change following the polarization and experimental conditions. In all cases, a deposit is formed but its nature and protective behavior change with polarization: a formation of calcareous deposit under cathodic polarization and corrosion products deposit under anodic polarization. That requires in consequence to include additional impedances in the EEC modeling: impedance of a deposit or diffusion impedance for example. Temperature variation and dynamic conditions influence also the kinetic of the different interfacial phenomena. Simultaneously some results of simulation obtain with the use of this first result give encouraging results with good correlations between data obtain in at laboratory scale and simulations. (C Rannou and JL Coulomd; 2008 ) : Optimization of the cathodic protection system of military ships with respect to the double constraint:cathodic protection and electromagnetic silencing ; HAL ; MARELEC 2006; Amesterdam; Netherlands; 2004 (A.Guibert ) : Diagnostique de corrosion et prédiction de signature électromagnétique de structures sous-marines sous protection cathodique ; Science de l’ingénieur ; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble-INPG ; HAL ; 2009 (Loveday et al.; 2004) : Evaluation of organic Coatings with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, part 2; Gamy Instruments; JCT Coating tech; 2004 Figure 1

Cell scientist to watch – Julien Berro

ABSTRACT Julien Berro completed a master in engineering in applied mathematics and computer sciences at Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, France. He then received his PhD in mathematical modelling in biology from Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, working on modelling of actin cytoskeleton dynamics under the supervision of Jean-Louis Martiel. He continued for a short period in Grenoble, working with Laurent Blanchoin and Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski, before joining the laboratory of Tom Pollard at Yale University, USA. There, he started to look at actin dynamics in the context of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In 2013, he became an Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Cell Biology in 2017. His laboratory is interested in force generation during endocytosis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling membrane deformation and tension sensing.

NAMES a multidisciplinary Conference series

The NAMES conferences traditionally aim at reviewing and discussing current developments in the field of Materials Science, Natural resources and environmental sciences by researchers from Russia and Lorraine Region of France. More specifically and as set up by the organizers of the Conferences (Université de Lorraine and National University of Sciences and Technology “MISIS”), the Seminar’s goals are the following:- development of scientific and academic contacts by giving a new impulse to bring together fundamental research and technology transfer;- development and consolidation of scientific, technical and business collaboration between regions of Russia and Lorraine through direct contacts between the universities, institutes and companies involved.The First Seminar took place on October 27-29, 2004 at the « Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine » (on the premises of the « Ecole Européenne d’Ingénieurs en Génie des Matériaux », Nancy, France). The first Seminar demonstrated a high quality and diversity of oral presentations and posters responding to highest international standards. Indeed, the first Seminar gathered 30 oral presentations and 72 posters, presented by:• 19 participants from 5 Universities and 3 Institutes of the Russian Academy of Science,• Participants from 11 laboratories of 3 Universities from the Lorraine region,• Three industrial companies, including European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company - EADS, and ANVAR (“Agence nationale de valorisation de la recherché”).The 75th Anniversary of Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys (MISIS) had been the occasion to set up the Second Seminar in Moscow, Russia, on November 10-12, 2005. The efficiency of scientific partnership between the groups of researchers from both Russia and France and initiated during the First Seminar had been brilliantly demonstrated during this Second Seminar. As a consequence of the presentations high standards and the Seminar widest organisation, the Second Seminar doubtlessly met the main standards of an international conference.Reviews of the state-of-the-art developments in Materials Science were given by leading scientists from Moscow and from the Lorraine region. The three days long seminar was structured around four main topics:- Functional Materials;- Coatings, Films and Surface Engineering,- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies,- Environment;and three Round Tables:- defining practical means of carrying out Franco-Russian collaborations in technology transfer and innovation;- Materials Science;- ARCUS: Lorraine-Russian collaboration in materials science and environment.The event totalised 32 oral and 25 poster reports spread between the four abovementioned topics and set out by 110 participants.NAMES 2007, the 3rd France-Russia Confrence on “New Achievements in Materials and Environmental Sciences” took place in Metz (France) on November 7-9, 2007. The conference emphasized fundamentals and development of the five main themes linked to the Lorraine –Russia ARCUS project with possible extension to other topics.The five mains subjects included in Arcus Project are the following:• Bulk-Surface-Interface material sciences,• Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies,• Environment and Natural resources,• Plasma physics —ITER Project, and• Vibrational dynamics.The 3rd conference totalised 46 oral and 52 poster presentations during 3 days with 154 participants.The First, the Second and Third NAMES Seminars were financially supported by the following organisations- Ambassade de France à Moscou and Région Lorraine,- Communauté Urbaine du Grand Nanc and Conseil Général de Meurthe et Moselle- Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, Université de Metz, Université Henry Poincaré- CNRS and ANVAR- Federal Agency on Science and Innovations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation and Moscow Committee on Science and Technologies;- National university of sciences and technology “MISIS”.The 4th NAMES Conference was supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France and the Lorraine Region Council.The Conferences set out new perspectives for further research and stimulated the opportunities for enhanced cooperation between scientists from Lorraine and Russia. The participants of the Conferences reviewed the remarkable worldwide progress with numerous breakthroughs in areas of basic research and industrial applications, particularly in the fields of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, surface engineering, biomaterials and multifunctional coatings, functionally graded materials, new materials for microelectronics and optics, nanostructured thin films and nanodispersion strengthening coatings, combustion synthesis, new micro- and nanosystems and device, natural resources environmental sciences, clean technology, and recently, natural fibrous materials etc.Lev Filippov,Coordinator of NAMES conferences

The Glut of Academic Publishing: A Call for a New Culture

Stanley W. Trimble is professor of geography at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524; trimble@geog.ucla.edu. He is the co-author with Andy D. Ward of Environmental Hydrology, 2nd ed. (CRC Press, 2004) and editor of The Dekker Encyclopedia of Water Science (CRC Press, 2008). From 1996 to 2006 he was joint editor-in-chief of the Elsevier journal Catena. He is presently writing an environmental history of the upper Midwest. Wayne W. Grody, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Human Genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7035; wgrody@mednet.ucla.edu. He is the director of the Diagnostic Molecular Pathology Laboratory within the UCLA Medical Center, one of the country’s first facilities to offer DNA-based tests for diagnosis of a variety of genetic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. He is an attending physician in the Department of Pediatrics specializing in the care of patients with or at risk for genetic disorders. He has been one of the primary developers of quality assurance and ethical guidelines for DNA-based genetic testing for a number of governmental and professional agencies. Bill McKelvey is Professor of Strategic Organizing and Complexity Science at the UCLA Anderson School of Management, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481; mckelvey@anderson.ucla.edu. His Organizational Systematics (University of California Press, 1982) remains the definitive treatment of organizational taxonomy and evolution. He is co-editor, with Peter Allan and Steve Maguire, of the Sage Handbook of Complexity and Management (Sage, 2010). Mohamed Gad-el-Hak has taught and conducted research at the University of Southern California, the University of Virginia, the University of Notre Dame, the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, the Universite de Poitiers, the Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, the Technische Universitat Munchen, and the Technische Universitat Berlin. He has lectured extensively here and overseas. He is currently the Inez Caudill Eminent Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284; gadelhak@vcu.edu. He was named the Fourteenth ASME Freeman Scholar in 1998. In 1999 he was awarded the Alexander von Humboldt Prize and in 2002 was named ASME Distinguished Lecturer and inducted into the Johns Hopkins University Society of Scholars.

Geochemical Soil Survey of The Netherlands ‐ By Grishja van der Veer

The Geographical JournalVolume 174, Issue 2 p. 191-191 Geochemical Soil Survey of The Netherlands - By Grishja van der Veer Thibault Sterckeman, Thibault Sterckeman Institut National Polytechnique de LorraineSearch for more papers by this author Thibault Sterckeman, Thibault Sterckeman Institut National Polytechnique de LorraineSearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2008.283_11.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume174, Issue2June 2008Pages 191-191 RelatedInformation

複数学位を与える国際連携大学院教育プログラムの創設

The University of Tokushima has signed International Cooperation Graduate School education program provided the Double Degree with 10 Universities in 5 Countries which are Harbin Institute of Technology, Tongii University, Xidian Jiaotong University, Dalian University of Technology and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in China, University of Auckland (New Zealand) , Kyungpook National University and Korea Maritime University (Korea) , Florida Atlantic University (U.S.A.) and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (France) . In the International Cooperation Graduate School, the students could systematically take the Major and Minor curriculums and are able to study the subjects of the field other than their major fields. In this program, we dispatch and accept the students to/from the overseas universities. We educate the engineers that create the highly and interdisciplinary scientific skill, challenge to the new field of research boldly and are active with a good communication skill on the global stage. We intend also to enhance the internationalization and communization for the education of the graduate school′s level by dispatching/accepting the academic staffs mutually.

Averaging and optimal control of elliptic Keplerian orbits with low propulsion

This article deals with the optimal transfer of a satellite between Keplerian orbits using low propulsion. It is based on preliminary results of Geffroy [Généralisation des techniques de moyennation en contrôle optimal, application aux problèmes de rendez-vous orbitaux à poussée faible, Ph.D. Thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France, Octobre 1997] where the optimal trajectories are approximated using averaging techniques. The objective is to introduce the appropriate geometric framework and to complete the analysis of the averaged optimal trajectories for energy minimization, showing in particular the connection with Riemannian problems having integrable geodesics.

Dynamic management of a portfolio of orders

We survey the main results of the PhD Thesis presented by the author in December 2003 at The Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble. This work was supervised by Prof. Lionel Dupont and assistant professor Christophe Rapine. The thesis is written in French and is available at http: //gilco.inpg.fr. In this work, we present results on the problem of selection and scheduling of orders in a make to order production environment. We proposed exact methods and heuristic approaches for the resolution of the problem in a static context and a static iterative algorithm for a dynamic context.

Integrating safety into the design process: elements and concepts relative to the working situation

The fact that the design of equipment and machines can no longer be separated from the concept of human safety has led to criteria linked to exploitation being taken into account during their design. This paper firstly looks at the problem of integrating safety into the design as early as possible, and goes on to review the state of the art and examine the work known to have been carried out in this respect. The area of application of our research is then presented. The production system analysed is an offset printing line. We present the results of an analysis of the design process employed in the design and integration company and of how safety is integrated into the design process. The ultimate aim is to provide designers the means of integrating the potential work context at the start of the design process. We propose a system model by defining the working situation and the elements characterising this situation as well as the concepts relative to these elements. Entity-relationship formalism is used to present the model, which is an extension of the generic model proposed by Harani (Harani, Y., 1997. Une approche Multi-Modèles pour la capitalisation des connaissances dans le domaine de la conception. PhD Report, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Laboratoire de Génie Industriel et de Production Mécanique, Grenoble, France).

From Rome to Como: 20 years of active research on carbon-based electrodes for lithium batteries at INP-Grenoble

This paper reviews the main areas of research performed at different Laboratories of the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) over the past 20 years, specifically on cabonaceous materials for electrode applications in lithium batteries. The most significant event was the discovery in the early 1980s of reversible lithium intercalation into graphite in polymer electrolytes, which led to the use of this material in today’s lithium-ion batteries. Important work was also carried out on positive electrode for primary and secondary batteries, especially graphite oxide and graphite fluoride. Most of these results were presented at the 10 IMLB series Symposia, which started in Rome in 1982 and were back to Como, Italy, in 2000.

Nicola Senesi Receives “Honoris Causa” from Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT)

Nicola Senesi Receives “Honoris Causa” from Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INPT)

Monoterpenes in Air Samples: European Intercomparison Experiments

Abstract An intercomparison experiment on preconcentration of monoterpenes from air samples was carried out by three European laboratories (Technische Universitat Munchen [TUM], Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse [INP], Joint Research Center Isprs [JRC]) using Tenax porous polymer as an adsorbent. Sampling procedures, gas chromatographic analysis and standardisation methods differed in each laboratory and were compared in this study. Tenax adsorption tubes loaded with up to 10 monoterpenes (tricyclene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, δ3-carene, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole and limonene) were created independently and exchanged for analysis between the working groups. For most monoterpenes the recoveries found by the different laboratories were 100%. The precision of analyses was better than 20%. Independent determinations of α-pinene mixing ratios in the air of the crown region in a natural spruce stand corresponded satisfactorily. Monoterpene emission rates of attached twigs in the sun...

The French experience in integrating the program FLUX2D in the undergraduate curriculum at the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble

The authors present their academic experience of teaching the application of finite element methods to electrical machines. This experience began many years ago when the Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Grenoble started a research program that led to the development of FLUX2D, a 2D finite element software package now commercially available. The teaching of theoretical and practical finite element methods with the use of FLUX2D is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Stability analysis of free surface of liquid metals levitated by electromagnetic force.

2) MADYLAM, E. N. S. H. M. G., Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38402, Saint-Martin-d'Heres CEDEX, France.A theoretical analysis has been made to clarify the stability condition of Horizontal ElectroMagnetic Casting (HEMC) by means of the linear stability theory. The stabilities of thin plates and round rods of molten metal are analyzed when infinitesimal perturbations are added on the free surface of the levitated metal.Anisotropic influence of imposed magnetic field on the stabilization of perturbated surfaces is confirmed. A critical wave length which distinguishes stable condition from unstable one is 0.02 m for molten steel with the applied current density of 106 A/m2. This length practically limits the distance between a metal supply nozzle and the solidified part of the metal.

Adaptive control: The model reference approach

This book provides a clearly written, authoritative, and detailed development of adaptive-control systems analysis and design. The book incorporates many new results and techniques fordesigning adaptive-control systems, and derives many previously known results in novel ways that simplify and lend new insights to the theory. Above all, the book is written in a manner that is comprehensible to a broad scientific audience. Taking a realistic approach, the author presents techniques for applying the theory to solving practical problems and shows how the designer of adaptive-control systems can draw on his knowledge of classical methods to better understand the adaptive-control problem. The book is an outgrowth of several research papers published by the author and of courses given to graduate students at the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, France.

A New Approach to CAI by Interactive Design of Electrical Engineering Systems

Use of computers in engineering education for interactive design of electrical machinery provides a very attractive media to prepare engineering students for their professional lives. A computer system, named ESPACE, which supplies them with great flexibility of use, precise error detection, and a high level of interaction is described in this paper. Its realization is based upon the notion of a "potential model," which is a set of possible components, their relations in a model and the basic actions existing within a design field. When working on this system, the students can design their own technical projects and simulate them to check if they operate properly. This turns out to be possible because the potential model can generate all their particular representations in the computer memory. This CAI system has been working for two years in the Electrical Engineering Department of the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble. This paper gives some results obtained from this experience.

An electronic dynamic compensator for response time of oxygen electrodes

Biotechnology and BioengineeringVolume 16, Issue 2 p. 279-284 Communications to the EditorFree Access An electronic dynamic compensator for response time of oxygen electrodes D. Bourdaud, D. Bourdaud Laboratoire d'Automatique Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble Grenoble, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. G. Lane, A. G. Lane Station de Genie Microbiologique INRA Dijon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author D. Bourdaud, D. Bourdaud Laboratoire d'Automatique Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble Grenoble, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. G. Lane, A. G. Lane Station de Genie Microbiologique INRA Dijon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1974 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160210Citations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume16, Issue2February 1974Pages 279-284 ReferencesRelatedInformation

VERS UN SYSTÈME OPÉRATIONNEL DE PRÉVISION NUMÉRIQUE DES AVALANCHES [Agrave] PARTIR DE MÉTHODES STATISTIQUES

ABSTRACT This paper is a review of the research work being undertaken in the ‘Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble’ in close cooperation with ‘Institut fur Schnee und Lawinenforschung’ of Davos (Switzerland). Although the authors are primarily concerned with hydrological forecasting, it appeared that some of the methods employed could be transposed and adapted to avalanche forecasting. The avalanche phenomena, whose physics is not yet fully understood can be roughly described as follows (at least for forecasting purposes): a conditioning of the snowpack by meteorological variables (snowfall, wind, temperature …) at a regional scale. a local triggering of the snowlayer, caused by mechanical or thermal effects and much more randomly distributed. The goal of the research was to derive some relationships between the parameters previously described and the occurrences of avalanches for the purpose of their better understanding and forecasting.