Instant Response Research Articles

Furo[3,2-c]coumarin-derived Fe3+ Selective Fluorescence Sensor: Synthesis, Fluorescence Study and Application to Water Analysis

Furocoumarin (furo[3,2-c]coumarin) derivatives have been synthesized from single step, high yielding (82–92%) chemistry involving a 4-hydroxycoumarin 4 + 1 cycloaddition reaction. They are characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and, for the first time, a comprehensive UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy study has been carried out to determine if these compounds can serve as useful sensors. Based on the fluorescence data, the most promising furocoumarin derivative (2-(cyclohexylamino)-3-phenyl-4H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-one, FH), exhibits strong fluorescence (ФF = 0.48) with long fluorescence lifetime (5.6 ns) and large Stokes’ shift, suggesting FH could be used as a novel fluorescent chemosensor. FH exhibits a highly selective, sensitive and instant turn-off fluorescence response to Fe3+ over other metal ions which was attributed to a charge transfer mechanism. Selectivity was demonstrated against 13 other competing metal ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Al3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Pb2+ and Ru3+) and aqueous compatibility was demonstrated in 10% MeOH-H2O solution. The FH sensor coordinates Fe3+ in a 1:2 stoichiometry with a binding constant, Ka = 5.25 × 103 M−1. This novel sensor has a limit of detection of 1.93 µM, below that of the US environmental protection agency guidelines (5.37 µM), with a linear dynamic range of ~28 (~2–30 µM) and an R2 value of 0.9975. As an exemplar application we demonstrate the potential of this sensor for the rapid measurement of Fe3+ in mineral and tap water samples demonstrating the real-world application of FH as a “turn off” fluorescence sensor.

Real Time Traffic Signs and Obstacle Detection in Self-Driving Car

The motivation behind this research work is to improve car safety and efficiency.The concept of self driving cars is heard from years, it has not come into usage in many countries because of the lack of complete intelligence in the vehicle. Some of the modern vehicles provide partially automated specifications such as keeping the car within its lane, speed controls or emergency braking..According to statistics most of the accidents occur due to lack of instant response to traffic signs and obstacles ahead. In case of self driving car this problem can be addressed by detecting the traffic signals using high end camera. Real time traffic sign detection model accomplishes its objective by identifying the traffic signals and obstacles. A high end camera is used to capture the image, raspberry pi 3 is used as hardware and open computer vision library is used to process the image and identify the patterns in the image to properly detect the signals. Ultra sonic distance sensor is used to identify the obstacles.

Rapid and Prolonged Antidepressant-like Effect of Crocin Is Associated with GHSR-Mediated Hippocampal Plasticity-related Proteins in Mice Exposed to Prenatal Stress.

Prenatal stress (PNS) has a prolonged and adverse effect on offspring, leading to a significantly increased vulnerability to developing depression in their later life. Traditional therapies have delayed onset and limited efficacy; thus, it remains an urgent need to find novel medications with fast-onset and high-efficacy potentials. Crocin, with its structure clearly examined, has shown antidepressant-like effects. However, few studies extensively investigated its effect especially in mice exposed to PNS. Using an established PNS model, we tested whether crocin could have a rapid and persistent antidepressant-like effect in PNS mice. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors were used to test their effects in antidepressant-like effect of crocin. Hippocampal GHSR-PI3K signaling was examined both in PNS mice treated with a single dose of crocin and in combination of GHSR inhibitor. PNS mice showed depression-like behaviors at juvenile and adulthood, and crocin induced an instant and persistent antidepressant-like response in PNS mice in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, crocin increased the expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-associated proteins through the restoration of GHSR-PI3K signaling. Inhibitions of both GHSR and PI3K abolished the effect of crocin in alleviating depressive-like behaviors. More importantly, GHSR inhibitor JMV2959 blocked the enhanced expression of hippocampal plasticity-related proteins induced by crocin. The present study demonstrated that crocin induced a fast-onset and prolonged antidepressant effect in PNS mice and suggested that GHSR-PI3K signaling may play a key role in crocin's effect at least partially by a restoration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-associated proteins.

The Advancement of Research on Inland Earthquake Generation 2014–2018

The 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake (M9.0) significantly affected inland areas of Japan. The crust and mantle response to the magathrust earthquake induced changes in the mechanical conditions of the seismogenic zone. Here we present important progress in the research into the seismogenesis of inland earthquakes. Stress, strain, strength, and structures are key parameters affecting the occurrence of earthquakes. In particular, both the spatial and temporal changes in these parameters around the focal areas of the large inland earthquakes have been detected and modeled. These results have provided spatial potential evaluation in terms of future inland earthquake occurrence. However, we clearly recognize that, in order to understand and predict the inland earthquake generation process, it will inevitably be necessary to unify the research on various spatial and temporal scales, from problems related to long-term stress loading from plate-relative motion to instant fault response.

Instant fuzzy search using probabilistic-correlation based ranking

Background : Instant search recommends completions of the query ‘on the fly’, and instantly displays the results with every keystroke. It is desirable that these query results be robust against typographical errors that appear not only in the query but also in the documents. Additionally, instant search requires instant response time and ranking of the results to focus on the most important answers. Method: In this study, simple and efficient methods for instant fuzzy single keyword and multi-keyword search that are resilient to typographical errors and that employ no more than inverted and forward indices are studied. While computing search results incrementally using the cached results, the answers are ranked based on their relevance to the query using probabilistic correlation-based ranking. Findings: Experiments are conducted on data sets DBLP and Medline and the execution time for obtaining answers to instant fuzzy single keyword search is recorded for different prefix lengths. Similarly, the execution time for obtaining answers to instant fuzzy multi-keyword search is recorded for sub-queries of two keywords and three keywords for various prefix lengths on the same data set. Furthermore, in order to measure the usefulness of the proposed correlation-based ranking, precision is calculated for the search results. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficacy of the instant fuzzy search algorithms and the probabilistic correlation-based ranking. Applications: The proposed instant fuzzy keyword search for single and multiple keywords not only improves the efficiency but also the quality of the search results. Keywords: Keyword Search, Multi-keyword Search, Fuzzy Search, Probabilistic Correlation

Anesthesia Management of Electroconvulsive Therapy at the Late of Pregnancy: A Case Report

Objectives: Major maternal depression is well known as a morbid and common disorder with a prevalence of 12% in the third trimester of pregnancy. Psychotropic medications might not be quite safe in these cases. In addition, pharmacological resistance and any life-threatening conditions can appear with the acute need for an instant therapeutic response. In these cases, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) might be the only effective option. However, both clinicians and patients often feel hesitant to utilize ECT throughout pregnancy due to the lack of reliable literature. Case Presentation: The challenging case of a 26-year-old pregnant woman at the 37 weeks of gestation was presented with major depression, who achieved full symptomatic remission after ECT. The critical status of this case was well managed by ECT treatment. Through the follow-ups, it was found that she is under medical therapy and has a normal life now. She is taking care of her baby and her symptoms are controlled as well. Conclusions: Overall, ECT could be a safe and effective treatment at late pregnancy. Obviously, a multidisciplinary team approach is crucial for achieving the desired goals.

An active disturbances rejection controller based on fuzzy compensator

Digital servo system has a wide application in military equipment. Position controller is one of the important parts in a servo system. Therefore control performance affect system’s capacity directly. The paper introduces an Active Disturbances Rejection Controller (ADRC) based on fuzzy compensator, which uses the fuzzy and active disturbances rejection control technique. Using Tracking Differentiator (TD) to track command signal and feedback signal, transferring them to smooth signal and separating the differentiator signal from them, which are used to build the element of front feed and error control. Fuzzy control technique is used to compensate Extended State Observer (ESO), which decreases variations range of control object. Then increase the estimate precision of extended state observer. An active disturbances rejection controller with perfect control quality is applied in a digital alternating servo system position controller. The results of measurements taken from a laboratory are shown that the proposed controller has an excellent follow precision, good instant response and high output quality. The proposed method solves several difficult problems of servo system position control, such as input signal smoothing, motional disturbance, and hard matching among parameters due to strict requirements on system precision, stability and quick response in position control.

Public opinion matters

Social media mining has proven useful in multiple research fields as a tool for public opinion extraction and analysis. Such mining can discover knowledge from unstructured data in booming social media sources that provide instant public responses and also capture long-term data. Environmental scientists have realized its potential and conducted various studies where public opinion matters. We focus our discussion in this article on mining social media text on environmental issues, with particular emphasis on sentiment analysis, fitting the theme of Data Science and Sustainability. The data science community today is interested in topics that overlap with environmental issues and their broader impacts on sustainability. Such work appeals to scientists focusing on areas such as smart cities, climate change and geo-informatics. Future issues emerging from this research include domain-specific multilingual mining, and advanced geo-location tagging with demographically focused sentiment analysis.

Passive Direct Methanol–Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell with Reduced Graphene Oxide–Supported Prussian Blue as Catalyst

Herein, a reduced graphene oxide–supported Prussian Blue (rGO‐PB) composite as the cathode catalyst for a passive direct methanol–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DMHPFC) is used. Unlike the conventional passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a cathodic catalyst of noble metal platinum (Pt), the new fuel cell uses hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. This nonnoble metal catalyst has a low cost, high catalytic activity, and high conductivity due to its 3D conductive network. The fuel cell has a theoretical voltage of 1.76 V (higher than 1.21 V related to the traditional DMFC) and can be used in an oxygen‐free environment. Results show that the cell shows good performance with a peak power density of 20.5 mW cm−2 at a higher temperature of 85 °C. The polarization and impedance curves indicate that as the temperature increases, the cell performance improves continuously with the decrease in mass transfer resistance. The discharging tests show a stable cell performance under continuous operation. The cell voltage has an instant response to the change in the current output.

Highly transparent and flexible graphitic C3N4 nanowire/PVA/PEDOT:PSS supercapacitors for transparent electronic devices

To achieve reliable flexibility and acceptable transparency for integrated electronics, the power supply sources of these devices have to meet the requirement of flexibility and transparency. Herein, we developed a facile and non-toxic way to manufacture all-solid-state supercapacitors with high capacitive performance, transparency and flexibility. The as-prepared g-C3N4 nanowires are distributed in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) solution, transparent film could be formed by vacuum filtration. The g-C3N4 nanowires provide pseudocapacitance and PVA and PEDOT:PSS matrix provides bendable and stretchable ability. The g-C3N4/PVA electrode achieves a specific areal capacitance of 3.51[Formula: see text]mF[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] with transparency of 85%, and that of g-C3N4/PVA/PEDOT:PSS is 5.32[Formula: see text]mF[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] with transparency of 72%. The facile process provides a reasonable architecture for the preparation of a variety of flexible, transparent and wearable electronic devices. The flexible and transparent devices show an instant response to the finger bending with the capacitance change of more than 25%, which provides the possibility for fabricating smart flexible device to monitor human health and motion detection.

A Highly Accurate, Stretchable Touchpad for Robust, Linear, and Stable Tactile Feedback

AbstractA stretchable and steady performance of human–machine interfaces and localized tactile perception is a broad concerning problem. Existing tactile sensors and touchpads claim to be stretchable for location detection failing to offer a location with uniformity during inevitable flexible movements, as well as linearity. The fabrication of a highly stretchable and transparent touch sensor, which is made of hydrogels and PDMS, could simultaneously and precisely determine location and pressure while being stretched or unstretched. It is noteworthy that the sensor introduces a new structure of resistant‐system into stretchable sensors, which needs only four electrodes in 3D helical structure without sacrificing linearity. A few drops of silicone oil are added to the interfaces to prevent the dehydration of the hydrogels, which is a common problem leading to device failure. In the same time, the transparency is improved significantly from 84.3% to 96%. Its interface application is demonstrated by practically using it for drawing, dialing numbers, calculating, and playing cards. Finite element analysis based on Ogden models indicates that the sensor shows instant response without delay, which is vital for super‐elastic materials based electronics.

Design of an Automatic Umbrella Actuated through Water and Temperature Sensors

The aim of this thesis is to make a smart umbrella which can reduce human effort due to its functionality and can target the market due to its unique design, is really important in modern society at risk of rainfall and wind without coverage in place. The purpose of this project is to make such an umbrella that is really sensitive in the incidences of rain and sunlight at domestic and market level. Specifically, in summer season the floor of open areas gets so warm due to sun light that makes difficulty for working. This umbrella covers the entire hall during the rain and sunlight. This umbrella operates with the help of different sensors like temperature sensors, water sensors and wind sensors. The opening and closing of umbrella is being controlled through a motor. Motor can give a quick and instant response to the shaft so that shaft can play a major role of power transmission for opening and closing of umbrella. Motor provides required rpm to the shaft. Whenever temperature of the atmosphere goes above 35°, temperature sensor sends signal to Arduino which is control unit box. Then Arduino sends signal further to the motor so that motor may activate and deliver required rpm to the coupling shaft. This project is a cost-effective way of providing automated controlled shade from high intensity sunlight and rain. So, the problems of open and vast areas can be solved by using such types of automated umbrellas.

Can Serious Games Assess Decision-Making Biases?

Abstract. The limitations of self-report questionnaires and interview methods for assessing individual differences in human cognitive biases have become increasingly apparent. These limitations have led to a renewed interest in alternative modes of assessment, including for implicit and explicit aspects of human behavior (i.e., dual-process theory). Acknowledging this, the present study was conducted to develop and validate a serious game, “Don Quixote,” for measuring specific cognitive biases: the bandwagon effect and optimism bias. We hypothesized that the implicit and explicit game data would mirror the results from an interview and questionnaire, respectively. To examine this hypothesis, participants ( n = 135) played the serious game and completed a questionnaire and interview in a random order for cross-validation. The results demonstrated that the implicit game data (e.g., response time) were highly correlated with the interview data. On the contrary, the explicit game data (e.g., game score) were comparable to the results from the questionnaire. These findings suggest that the serious game and the underlying intrinsic nature of its game mechanics (i.e., evoking instant responses under time pressure) are of importance for the further development of cognitive bias measures in both academia and practice.

Investigation of SiN x and AlN Passivation for AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors: Role of Interface Traps and Polarization Charges

In this work, we studied the mechanisms and switching properties of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) passivated by amorphous-SiN x and monocrystal-like AlN. The effects of interface traps and polarization charges on current collapse are investigated by TCAD simulations and experimental characterizations. Surface/interface deep levels can be compensated by both shallow donor-like traps (SiN x passivation) and polarization charges (AlN passivation) at passivation/heterostructure interface, but with different levels of effectiveness under fast switching conditions. SiN x -passivation introduces shallow donor-like trap states with short time constant that favors a fast emission of trapped electrons in the access region and suppressed current collapse, but nevertheless exhibits more severe time-dependent recovery of dynamic on-resistance. For AlN passivation, interface traps are compensated by the fixed positive polarization charges and the off-state depletion region (in the 2DEG channel) is formed predominantly by electric-field effect, leading to an immediate accumulation of high channel electron concentration after switching the HEMT devices back to on-state and instant response of drain current to gate and drain bias. The field plate structure is necessary in SiN x -passivated devices for both current collapse suppression and electric field alleviation. With AlN passivation, the field plate can be solely designed for achieving more uniform electric field distribution for gate reliability concern without the concern of current collapse.

The different effects of daily-life instant response social media and an educational feedback system on flipped learning: from the evidence of behavioral analysis

ABSTRACT In this study, we used the application software installed on students’ smart phones as instantly interactive tools during class time in a flipped learning context. One popular daily-life instant interaction application, Line, provided the students with text or multimedia feedback in time sequence; one non-daily instant interaction application, PAL+, provided the students with inscribed feedback in time sequence; and one educational instant interaction application, SpeakUP!, provided the students with anonymous feedback in time sequence. We compared the students’ behaviors of using the different interactive systems for interactions in the flipped classroom class time. The study applied learning analytics techniques and used behavioral analysis to identify the role of the daily-life instant response application in flipped learning, and found how the instant feedback systems enhanced discussion in the classroom.

Preparation of co-Co3 O4 /carbon nanotube/carbon foam for glucose sensor.

Co-Co3 O4 /carbon nanotube/carbon foam (Co-Co3 O4 /CNT/CF) nanocomposites were prepared by soaking melamine foam into a solution of Co(NO3 )2 ·6H2 O, followed by calcination in N2 and air in sequence. The obtained Co-Co3 O4 /CNT/CF nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that Co3 O4 nanoparticles were grown on the external of CF successfully, while CNTs were grown on the surfaces of CF in a large amount, which further improved the electrical conductivity of the. The prepared Co-Co3 O4 /CNT/CF nanocomposites were then used to construct nonenzymatic sensor to detect glucose in alkaline solution. The sensor showed detection range from 1.2 μM to 2.29 mM with a detection limit of 0.4 μM (S/N =3) and a high sensitivity of 637.5 μA-1 cm-2 . The developed sensor also showed an instant response, favorable reproducibility, and high selectivity. The results attest that Co-Co3 O4 /CNT/CF composites have great potential in the development of nonenzymatic sensors for glucose.

A recursive learning technique for improving information processing through message classification in IoT–cloud storage

Processing and accessing distributed information is a prominent requirement for Internet of Things (IoT) in supporting business and consumer applications to improve accessibility. As the volume of information is being stored and processed is hefty, message classification is challenging in a mobile environment. This also results in prolonged processing delays and backlogs. In order to bridge the gap between message classification and request processing, this paper proposes a classification technique that operates on the basis of request-prioritized recursive learning for ease of message identification and service mapping. This learning technique predicts the type of information and its attributes through intensive learning and services them based on priority to minimize retrieval time. The priority of message servicing relies on the error obtained during the learning process. Despite an increasing number of user requests, attributes associated with each are bundled independently to provide an instant response. Prioritization accounts for the minimum number of error states while learning a message with different attributes to curtail prolonged response time. Error in the learning process is evaluated through a numerical analysis for different learning scenarios of the classified messages. The proposed learning-based access and retrieval technique were analyzed using the metrics of request backlogs, response time, caching delay, and the rate of utilization. The results of experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed technique in terms of minimizing response time, backlogs, and caching delays, and improving utilization.

Service quality evaluation of international freight forwarders: an empirical research in East Asia

The purpose of this paper is to improve service quality of international freight forwarders and explore practical business solutions to enhance customer service level. Freight forwarder usually acts as an agent to source logistics service for shipper and work closely with carriers such as shipping line and airline companies. This business is characterized by lower capital investment and entry barrier comparing with carriers, and most of their major customers are small or medium size manufactures or traders. Providing high quality service to enhance customer satisfaction is the key mission since competition is extremely severe. This paper empirically investigates the leading freight forwarders to find important customer requirements in East Asian region such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Furthermore, the feature of the study by using quality function deployment approach would not only identify key technical measures but also explore meaningful business solutions as direction of quality improvement. The finding reveals key customer requirements are cheaper agency fees, door to door ability and instant response, and the key technical measures are customer relationship management, overall information system, service point and network. We would further discuss the empirical result and conclude managerial meaning for decision makers.

A Solution for Instant Response of Cloud Platform Based on Nginx + Keepalived

How to fulfill load balancing in high concurrency status and thereby to achieve instant response of cloud platform is always a focus of attention to the industry. This document presents an instant response solution for cloud platform based on Nginx + Keepalived, which, by means of Nginx, enables selection of proper load balancing algorithm based on the scenario requested by client, and detection of server working status by using Keepalived to solve single point of failure. This solution is implemented fully with open-source software, and will allow high-concurrency requests of tens of thousand per second ensure good user experience and achieve the goal of low cost and high availability, making it particularly suitable for small-/medium-sized cloud platforms with economic applicability requirements. Test results show that, with respect to analysis on 50% or 80% of the requests, the average response time for 10,000 concurrent requests is only 101 ms and 152 ms, with memory usage up to 22% and CPU peak power up to 80%, which meets the expected response time shorter than 3 seconds in high-concurrency scenario of tens of thousand visits per second.

New developments in field-portable geochemical techniques and on-site technologies and their place in mineral exploration

This paper focuses on handheld and top-of-hole techniques which have appeared since 2007 or have undergone major improvements, and discusses their benefits, challenges and pitfalls, why we use them and what to expect from them. There is an ongoing need to be innovative with the way we undertake mineral exploration. Recent technological advances that have been applied to successful mineral exploration include on-site or portable instruments, on-site laboratory technologies, various core scanners, and technologies for fluid analysis. Portable or field technologies such as pXRF, pXRD, pNIR-SWIR, µRaman and LIBS aid in obtaining chemical and mineralogical information. Spectral gamma tools, a well-known technology, recently took advantage of improved ground and airborne (drone) instruments, to complement hyperspectral imagery. At mine and exploration sites, top-of-hole sensing technologies, such as Lab-at-Rig® and various core scanners (both spectral- and XRF-based) have become useful tools to analyse metres of core as it is being drilled. Fluid analyses are not as common as analyses of solid materials, but there are advances in such technologies as anodic stripping voltammetry, polarography and ion-exchange electrodes aiming for analysis of commodity or environmentally important elements. Field-portable geochemical techniques and on-site technologies now offer instant response and flexibility for most exploration tasks. By providing relevant data within minutes, they allow safer field decisions and focus on the most promising finds, while saving valuable resources in sampling grids or drilling. More efficient laboratory analysis programs are supported by sample screening and homogeneity checking on-site. Field analyses are not always as accurate as laboratory ones, but most of the time can be correlated with them, enabling reliable decisions. The level of confidence in field-made decisions needs to be compared between later and less numerous laboratory analyses, and less precise but more abundant and immediate field analyses. It may be demonstrated that, in many cases, the fit–for-purpose nature of the latter allows a better confidence level. Quality compromises associated with field analyses can be reduced by the application of better sample preparation and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures. Most of the further development of on-site chemical analysis is expected to be based on its integration with lab methods and on sound QA/QC practice, allowing a precise evaluation of its confidence level and uncertainties. Mineralogical analyses are constrained by our ability to interpret the data in near-real time but offer promising approaches in both surface and drilling exploration campaigns. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Exploration 17 collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/exploration-17