Installation Planning Research Articles

モノパイル式洋上ウィンドファームのフィージビリティスタディ その3 構造設計と施工検討

モノパイル式洋上ウィンドファームのフィージビリティスタディ その3 構造設計と施工検討

Technology Focus: Multilateral/Extended-Reach Wells (May 2016)

Technology Focus The development of multilateral wells and long-reach wells has become important to maximizing recovery for many fields. These technologies are often applied in offshore environments, where large reservoir areas are drained from one or more platforms. In the late 1980s, long-reach wells started to use existing infrastructure better by drilling beyond the design limits of that time. Several major operators were extending their limits, and, in the late 1990s, BP Wytch Farm showed that a horizontal departure exceeding 10 km was feasible. This had a significant effect on the industry because offshore platforms now could be designed for up to 10-km reach, as opposed to the early 1980s when 3-km reach was common. A field could now be developed with one platform instead of three, resulting in enormous savings. Multilateral-well technology also matured during the past 2 decades. There were many drivers for this development. One of the more important was the desire to increase production in tight reservoirs. Another advantage is directional control. Well stimulation with fracturing has the drawback that the fracture direction is controlled by the in-situ stresses in the rock. Multilateral branches, on the other hand, can be drilled in any direction. There has been considerable development around these technologies. Those that help clear the challenges, such as those related to wellbore stability, wellbore friction, equipment limitations, and operational aspects, can be considered mature technologies today. The main benefit from directional drilling is the maximizing of reservoir recovery. From this perspective, multilateral/ extended-reach wells may be considered one of the more important means of improved oil recovery. Although these directional-well concepts have been used for some years, they were initially costly with a high economic risk. There is a continuous technology development at many levels that leads to improvements. These result in more-efficient processes, with increased field recoveries as a consequence. Therefore, multilaterals and extended-reach wells are now common and will be very important for future cost-effective oil and gas production. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 174035 Technology Qualification and Installation Plan of Efficient and Accurate Multilaterals Drilling Stimulation Technology for Sandstone Oil Application by Kevin Rice, Fishbones, et al. SPE/IADC 168055 Expanding the Extended-Reach Envelope at Chayvo Field, Sakhlin Island by Vishwas P. Gupta, ExxonMobil, et al. SPE 168235 CT Extended Reach: Can We Reach Farther? by Ken Newman, KNewman Engineering, et al.

Two-Stage Approach for the Assessment of Photovoltaic and Cogeneration Systems: Integration of Regional Distributed Energy Systems and Power-Expansion Planning

AbstractDistributed energy systems such as solar power photovoltaics (PV) and cogeneration systems (CGS) are expected to play a main role in future energy systems. However, consumers employ these distributed energy systems based on individual decisions rather than top-down installation planning, so even if the expansion of PV and other renewable energy sources is a national energy policy, it remains uncertain how and when PV installation targets will be realized. Furthermore, when consumers extensively deploy distributed energy systems, the power-expansion planning of utilities will be affected by changes in daily load patterns. In this paper, the authors develop a two-stage model focusing on interactions between the energy system adoption behavior of customers and power-expansion planning of a utility. In the first stage, the authors disaggregate Japan’s Kanto region into 38 areas and then develop an optimum energy system model including PV and CGS for consumers. In the second stage, the demand for elect...

Assessment approaches to logistics for offshore wind energy installation

Offshore wind farm installation planning is highly complex, due to the high dependency on weather and the oversized components that impose specific constraints in areas such as transportation and lifting. Currently, there is very little transparency vis-à-vis the logistics challenges in the industry. We extend the literature by creating an overall view of the coherency between logistical methods and project performance. We develop knowledge about how to use the various approaches by analyzing different logistical solutions. A holistic view of the coherency between the approaches in terms of logistics and project performance, taking into consideration the external influence of weather, is provided through analysis of actual projects in the North Sea region. Case study findings reveal the major factors to be pre-assembly, vessel load, and the distance to shore. We suggest a pre-assembly strategy comprised of a minimum number of components for installation onsite and a maximum number of turbines to be loaded on a vessel. These findings are especially important for the new wind farms being positioned further offshore. We show by means of a case study, with specific characteristics and weather conditions, that the appropriate strategies can be arrived at by using a simulation-based decision-support tool we developed.

Turning Citizens into Investors: Promoting Savings with Liberty Bonds During World War I

Increasing savings rates among households of modest incomes would strengthen their balance sheets and reduce wealth inequality. This paper analyzes one of the largest and most successful efforts to increase the savings of ordinary households in American history. The Liberty Bond drives of World War I persuaded tens of millions of Americans to buy government bonds, which were sold in denominations as low as $50, and could be purchased in installment plans. Using newly collected data on the sales of Liberty Bonds at the county level, we analyze the factors that influenced the degree to which the bond drives were successful. The results highlight the importance of the participation of civil society organizations and local banks in marketing the bonds. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of modern programs to increase savings.

Experimental Analysis of Effect of Vegetation under PV Solar Panel on Performance of Polycrystalline Solar Panel

The polycrystalline photovoltaic cell has an efficiency around 11-14%. The efficiency is low because of different factor, out of which the temperature is one of affecting factor on efficiency. The solar cell efficiency decreases with increase in temperature. So it is necessary to cool the PV panel to improve its efficiency. Cooling of PV panel is one of critical issue during the planning of installation of PV plant. In the present work cooling of photovoltaic panel via different vegetation and water tray is carried out. The aim of this project is to optimize the panel efficiency by controlling the panel surface temperature by cultivating different vegetation below the panel. The experiment is done for polycrystalline silicon cell. The plants selected for the experimentation has a good evapotranspiration effect except aloe vera. The numerical value of increase in instantaneous efficiency is 3-4%, 1.8-2.2%, 1.2 -2%, 0.2 -0.5% for water tray, peppermint, tulsi and aloe vera respectively. The economical benefits due to cultivation of peppermint, tulsi aloe vera and water tray and also due to increase in power production from 1MW solar plant per year is forecasted has Rs. /- 455250, 436012, 219150 and 778850 respectively.

Improving Lean Design of Production Systems by Visualization Support

The design process of production systems is complex with many different aspects to consider for efficiently developing and installing an effective system. Important success factors during the design process are typically the abilities to identify and manage risks, develop mitigation plans, and conduct timely proactive problem solving. The work reported in this paper is part of research addressing methods for how the design process can be supported by using virtual representations of the factory environments captured with 3D laser scanning. This support is evaluated in an industrial study of one industrialization project in the manufacturing industry. The industrialization project follows the process to design layout, work places, and plan for installation of new equipment to create a production system within a refurbished shop floor area. The area will include CNC machining centers, welding stations, product inspection, product cleaning, and material handling. 3D laser scanning is used to provide an accurate and realistic virtual representation of the current shop floor area. This virtual representation is combined with 3D CAD models of the new machining centers and other equipment to provide a realistic visualization of the planned production system. The research approach and its questions investigate the benefits of combining the lean principles to design and development of production systems using a realistic visualization, which include systematic risk analysis and problem solving as important activities. The result shows that visualization support gave a great advantage to identify the possible risks and problems, which resulted in higher confidence and substantial timesaving in planning and execution of the industrialization project.

Net-Zero Energy Building – Case Study Al Khobar City, Saudi Arabia

The main goal of the proposed project is to demonstrate that considerable energy conservation can be done in residential building area in the KSA, considering the living conditions of house users. For this purpose, several houses will be tested using sizable Building Integrated PV (BIPV) system. In addition, the energy needs per year for each household will be covered in this study. Moreover, the proposed BIPV system will supply sufficient amount of electrical energy to allow free daily commute for homeowner (max. 60 km a day) with use of the electric car. The results indicate that the use of an insulation layer (BioPCM material) in building structure will decrease significantly the cooling capacity by 20%. The addition of solar hybrid air conditioner system improved the EER by 5.41% and the COP by 12.24 %. Finally, the installation plan for the PV panels in each residential household is in agreement with the official KSA government policy.

Field Investigation of Debris Flow Hazard Area on the Roadside and Evaluating Efficiency of Debris barrier

In this study, specific sections vulnerable to debris flow damage were selected, and a complete enumeration survey was performed for the sections with debris flow hazards. Based on this, the characteristics of the sections with debris flow hazards and the current status of actions against debris flow were examined, and an efficient installation plan for a debris flow damage prevention method that is required in the future was suggested. The results indicated that in the Route 56 section where the residential density is relatively higher between the two model survey sections, facilities for debris flow damage reduction were insufficient compared to those in the Route 6 section which is a mountain area. It is thought that several sites require urgent preparation of a facility for debris flow damage reduction. In addition, a numerical analysis showed that for debris barriers installed as a debris flow damage prevention method, distributed installation of a number of small-scale barriers facilities within a valley part was more effective than single installation of a large-scale debris barrier at the lower part of a valley.

A specific rod model based efficient analysis and design of hanger installation for self-anchored suspension bridges with 3D curved cables

Hanger installation is important in constructing self-anchored suspension bridges. The installation plan is obtained from comparative studies of concerned information in tentative construction steps. The comparisons are generally performed manually using detailed nonlinear finite element method (NFEM), particularly for those with 3D curved cables. However, the procedure is complex and time consuming. Thus, this study proposes an efficient method to analyze mainly concerned parameters of hanger installation plan, through which automatically optimized strategy of updating ideal construction steps is developed to yield the plan totally by linear coordinate iteration. To realize it, an indiscrimination coordinate rod model (ICRM) combined with coordinate iteration-based methods (CIMs) is proposed for the modeling of the construction steps. The ICRM simulates the major deformation system of the total bridge with specific rods, and then the CIMs identify its equilibrium by linear algorithms to solve the coordinates directly. On the basis, NFEM can be avoided and the design efficiency is greatly improved for the plan. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparison case studies, field test verification and application discussion in a real-scale bridge.

The Role of Installment Buying Plans in Increasing the Impulse Buying Behavior among Jordanian House Holds

<p>The current financial status of families and households in Jordan does not give them the chance to indulge themselves with the needed commodities and appliances due to its high prices and the families' inability to pay in cash. For that reason, the idea of installment buying appeared in order to ease the process of buying commodities among families and at the same time increase the price of the item in compensation for the installment in the payments. A questionnaire was distributed randomly on individuals in order to find out the relationship between the installment plans that are becoming more famous each day and the degree of their impulsion towards buying stuff that they do not eagerly need or stuff that are mean to be for leisure and entertainment. The results show that<em> </em>the impulse buying behavior influence the people’s attraction towards the installment plans positively.</p>

Aplikasi Metode Work Study pada Proyek Konstruksi (Studi Kasus Rusunawa LANUD TNI AU Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta)

Work study method is one of the management approach that use for study about the productivity of workers. Work study can be applied in many cases, one of which is the construction of Rusunawa TNI AU Lanud Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta. Chosen plant project Rusunawa TNI AU Lanud Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta because this project uses a system of precast concrete in construction. Precast concrete systems is still quite rarely used in Yogyakarta so that this is makes the researchers reviewed the project to study the case. This study aimed to compare the time between installation plan (time schedule) and the actual installation time also to know the time clean installation of structural elements. In addition, this study also aims to determine the cost of erection of a single structural element. This study utilizes the basic time data by consider relaxation allowance and contingences for the purpose to eliminate subjectivity in assessing both. Basic recording time is using a stopwatch. Whereas the standard time value can be from basic time coupled with relaxation allowance and contingences. The results of this study have shown that the value of the standard time for the installation of columns, beams and plates is 13.63163 minutes; 8.505156 minutes; 8.465704 minutes. Obtained also the cost of erection of columns, beams and slabs of Rp 24629.96; Rp 15710.91; Rp 15710.91.

Territorial Analysis for the Implementation of Geothermal Heat Pumps in the Province of Cuneo (NW Italy)

The efficiency of Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHPs) strongly depends on the site-specific parameters of the ground, which should therefore be mapped for the rational planning of shallow geothermal installations. In this paper, a case study is presented for the potentiality assessment of low enthalpy geothermal energy in the Province of Cuneo, a district of 6900 km2 in Piedmont, NW Italy. The available information on the geology, stratigraphy, hydrogeology, climate etc. were processed and mapped, and conclusions were drawn on the geothermal suitability and productivity of different areas of the territory surveyed.

Development of a constructed wetland network for mitigating nonpoint source pollution through a GIS-based watershed-scale inexact optimization approach

In this research, a hybrid Geographic Information System (GIS)-based watershed-scale inexact optimization approach was developed to identify the optimal spatially distributed network of constructed wetlands for NPS pollution control. Such an approach combined the GIS technology and fuzzy-stochastic two-stage programming (FSTP) into a general optimization framework. A GIS-based compound topographic index (CTI) was used to identify potential wetland sites at the watershed-scale, a GIS-based export coefficient model (ECM) was employed to estimate the nutrient load from NPS pollution, and the FSTP was used to map the optimal spatially distributed network of constructed wetlands for reducing the NPS pollution with the minimization of system costs under uncertainty. As an integration of two-stage stochastic programming (TSP) and fuzzy credibility chance-constrained programming (FCCP), FSTP can not only address dual uncertainties expressed as probability density functions and fuzzy membership functions but also provide an effective linkage between the pre-regulated management policies and the associated economic implications. The developed modeling system was applied to the planning of wetland network installation in the Songhuaba watershed, China. The optimization results can help watershed managers to obtain desired plans of wetland siting, and nutrient permit allocation for sub-basins under different confidence levels.

Drivability Analyses for Pipe-Ramming Installations

AbstractThe evaluation of the drivability of a proposed pipe is a critical task in the planning and execution of pipe-ramming installations, because it results in increased efficiency, safe installations, and significant cost savings. The analysis of drivability provides a means for optimizing the hammer energy required for a given pipe-ramming installation, and it minimizes potential damage to the pipe due to overstressing the pipe material. Four full-scale pipes with diameters ranging from 610 to 3,660 mm installed using pipe-ramming hammers were instrumented to observe the measurement of hammer-pipe energy transfer, driving stresses, and total (static and dynamic) soil resistance to penetration and formed the basis for evaluating drivability. First, the hammer-pipe energy transfer calculated from the observed force and velocity time histories was characterized, indicating the quantity of energy that actually results in the penetration of the pipe through soil. Then, the dynamic model parameters known a...

Wind-Induced Vibration Control for Transmission System Using Steel-Lead Viscoelastic Damper

For wind-induced vibration of transmission tower-line system, the vibration reduction effects are studied based on a new type steel-lead viscoelastic damper. Firstly, Calculate damped coefficient basing on the test of the new type steel-lead viscoelastic damper under slow reversed cyclic horizontal loads. Then, a finite element model of transmission tower was built by using ANSYS. And the time history samples of random fluctuating wind load is obtained with the linear auto-regressive filter law principle. Next, three installation plans of dampers on tower were proposed based on analyzing the working principle damper and the structure of tower. Finally, a wind-induced vibration transient response simulation was performed respectively for the different plans. The influences of SLVD dampers on the displacement and on the acceleration of the controlled nodes were compared. SLVD damper can reduce the top node displacement by about 37.89%. The results indicated that the SLVD damper can suppress the wind-induced vibration. And through comparison, the optimal installation scheme of SLVD dampers is obtained.

장기전세주택 수익적 타당성 분석

Ever since its conception of long-term public deposit-basis rental housing by Seoul government back in 2007 and a subsequent implementation of the project, long-term public deposit-basis rental housing units have amounted to 25,683 in total as of the end of 2013. General consensus is that the long-term public deposit-basis rental housing project has made great contributions to shifting general public's perception about housing to a place to live in from financial assets and to stabilizing housing prices in adjacent areas as intended. It is perceived that the project has been successful with intended policy purpose and effects of long-term public deposit-basis rental housing greatly achieved. However, lately the government's and state-owned companies' mounting debt emerged as a serious social issue and concerns deepen about prioritization of limited public financial resources. Against this backdrop, the study on profitable feasibility of long-term public deposit base rental housing was conducted from the perspective of the supplier. In accordance with the conclusion of the feasibility analysis, first, we identified a need to liquidate long-term public deposit-basis rental housing bigger than units 85 square meters so as to use the proceeds for the budget for rental housing for low-income families. Second, we also identified a need to convert long-term public deposit-basis rental houses smaller than 85 square meters into 10 year-term public rental housing. Lastly, the study finds out a need to bring down housing prices to original sale prices if an installment payment rental plan (10 years term) is introduced

Optimal selection of Wind Turbine Generators

paper examines optimum selection of wind turbines between site and wind turbine generators. An analysis methodology is done at the planning and development stages of installation of wind power stations will enable the wind power developer or the power utilities to make a judicious and rapid choice of suitable wind energy conversion system from the available potential sites. The methodology of analysis is based on the computations of annual capacity factors, which are done using the Weibull distribution function and power curve model. The methodology helps to the determination of the speeds characteristic range of the wind machines and to make easy the choice of the suitable wind turbine for a given site, in order to maximize the delivered energy for a given amount of available wind energy. This methodology is applied to install a wind energy conversion system at four sites in Algeria.

Accuracy analysis of software for the estimation and planning of photovoltaic installations

Accuracy analysis of software for the estimation and planning of photovoltaic installations

Comparison of Mixed-Integer Programming and Genetic Algorithm Methods for Distributed Generation Planning

This paper applies recently developed mixed-integer programming (MIP) tools to the problem of optimal siting and sizing of distributed generators in a distribution network. We investigate the merits of three MIP approaches for finding good installation plans: a full AC power flow approach, a linear DC power flow approximation, and a nonlinear DC power flow approximation with quadratic loss terms, each augmented with integer generator placement variables. A genetic algorithm-based approach serves as a baseline for the comparison. A simple knapsack problem method involving generator selection is presented for determining lower bounds on the optimal design objective. Solution methods are outlined, and computational results show that the MIP methods, while lacking the speed of the genetic algorithm, can find improved solutions within conservative time requirements and provide useful information on optimality.