Installation Procedures Research Articles

Object detection and tracking for drones: A system design using dynamic visual SLAM

Abstract. Drones can play a quite crucial role in many walks of life today. Enhancing the visual perception ability of drones is crucial to their intelligence level. Among them, it is necessary to focus on strengthening the detection, tracking and mapping capabilities of drones for dynamic objects. However, the existing visual SLAM systems carried by drones do not perform well in dynamic environments. This project designs a monocular visual SLAM system specifically for drones, aiming to achieve efficient three-dimensional mapping and target tracking, surpassing the limitations of simple static mapping and positioning. Besides, this project constructs a drone dynamic SLAM system developed on the ORB-SLAM3 structure, uses drone images to detect, track and map object motion models, and reconstructs environmental maps to obtain motion parameters with real physical scales. This project strives to optimize the input pre-processing module, improve the validity of data and output environmental maps and raster maps. The outcomes demonstrate the system's strong accuracy and adaptability in dynamic installation procedures.

Analysis Welding Types Pipe Fabrication Process in Missile Fast Attack Boat Construction

The equipment in the piping system consists of pipes, valves, flanges, filters, fittings, pumps, and others. The installation schedule for this piping system begins after the connection between blocks. Pipes as part of a ship's system have several steps in their installation procedure, one of which is welding. Welding on pipes is carried out by professional welders who have met more complex competency requirements than welders in general, such as flat position welders, vertical welders, or overhead welders. The purpose of this study was to determine the welding process and types of welding in pipe fabrication for the construction of the Missile Fast Attack Boat. Result comparison between the diameters of the welded pipes, the greater the value of the welding volume formed. The largest volume is 426 mm3, with a pipe length for the fabrication process of 4,3 m. On the other hand, the shortest fabrication is for welding pipes with a diameter of 2,5 m, which has a volume of 127 mm3. While the welding process using GTAW / Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) is very appropriate for welding in small areas and thin pipes. The TIG welding process has an average volume of below 150 mm3.

Hydrothermally synthesized cobalt oxide/polydimethylsiloxane based photothermal absorber for superior thermal energy conversion and water evaporation application

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has garnered worldwide interest in recent years due to its unique vapor generating capacity using sustainable solar energy. Many photoabsorber have been studied for conversion of photothermal energy and heat absorption. Unfortunately, the majority of the absorber materials in supply are pricey, and the installation procedures tend to be intricate. This research focuses on the ongoing difficulty of creating cost-efficient photothermal materials that have excellent light absorption and simple manufacturing processes. We created a novel composites coated with Cobalt oxide and polydimethylsiloxane (Co3O4/PDMS) which successfully produce energy and purify water utilizing an extensive spectrum of solar energy. Hydrothermally synthesized Co3O4 particles exhibit distinct optical properties in the UV–Vis region due to ligand field transitions and charge transfer between Co2⁺ and Co³⁺ ions. Additionally, these particles exhibits a strong absorption in the NIR region due to the intervalence charge transfer and d-d transitions, enhancing their photothermal activity. This culminates in outstanding light-to-heat transformation in the Co3O4/PDMS composite, which maintains a surface temperature of 42.7 °C compared to 33.7 °C for pristine PDMS under standard 1 sun intensity for 5 min. The flexible Co3O4/PDMS composite transfers solar energy to electric energy, producing ∼99 mV with 1 sun irradiation, while bare PDMS only achieved a voltage of 61 mV under 1 sun circumstances. An efficient double layer Co3O4/PDMS@MF sponge achieved an evaporation rate of 1.33 kg m−2 h−1 with the photothermal conversion efficiency of 68.8 %. These results motivate thorough investigation in photothermal potential of Co3O4, revealing the promising possibilities for harnessing solar-thermal energy and presents a novel method for using solar power to purify water and generate electricity.

Impacts of Micro-irrigation Technologies in Maharashtra: A Review

Micro-irrigation technologies have been an integral part of modern agriculture. Ranging from ‘increased crop yield’ to ‘improved economic benefit,’ such systems have much to offer. However, costly installation procedures and high socioeconomic barriers restrict their diffusion with relatively cheap alternatives. Appropriate policies and innovative approaches enable crossing these barriers only if carefully crafted to meet economic, technological and socio-economic challenges. This review offers an overview of significant strategic policies and new-generation micro-irrigation technologies that would help tap their full potential. Based on previous studies and individual experiences from India, an assessment of the transformative impacts of micro-irrigation has been done. These micro-irrigation technologies are proving highly beneficial for Maharashtra. The main gains that accrued to farmers from the process include reduced costs of cultivation, lesser dependence on chemicals and pesticides, conservation of water resourcesand less expenditure on labor. The above results manifest the contribution or role of micro-irrigation to accelerate sustainable agriculture, which induces a second green revolution imbued with higher productivity, efficiency in resource mobilization and economic prosperity.

Automated External Bone Fixation Robot Design and Orthopedic Analysis

Background: Bone external fixation technology is an important therapeutic approach for limb correction, primarily involving a class of external fixation correction mechanisms. It has achieved good results in limb lengthening and correcting deformities to restore limb function. In clinical practice, existing correction mechanisms face challenges such as high resistance between components, complex installation procedures, and high precision requirements for installation, requiring manual adjustment by physicians, which limits precise control and quantification of correction parameters. Objective: To address these issues, an automated correction bone external fixation robot was designed based on traditional Ilizarov external fixation devices(TIEFD). Methods: By increasing the number of unidirectional hinge connections, the robot can effectively reduce motion resistance. Subsequently, the robot was combined with the tibia for correction motion simulation, obtaining the motion parameters θ of the deformed bones during the correction process based on the trajectory of the tibia's point mass. Finally, correction motion experiments and finite element analysis(FEA) were conducted on the robot combined with a control system. Results: The results showed that the robot could precisely control correction parameters, with the error range for rotational correction not exceeding 0.5 radians and the error range for traction correction not exceeding 0.2 mm. FAE, based on corrective force data, concluded that compared to (TIEFD), the robot could reduce bone stress by 16 MPa during the correction process. Conclusion: The robot effectively reduces patient discomfort, this provides a reliable theoretical basis for bone external fixation technology and holds positive significance for the treatment of skeletal deformities.

Creep assessment of thermoplastic materials for non-structural components in marine engines

The substitution of metals with fiber-reinforced polymers represents a well-established practice in the automotive and aerospace industries, driven by advantages such as cost reduction, weight savings, and environmental benefits. In the marine engineering sector, there is a growing interest in this metal replacement trend, particularly for non-structural components of marine engines that can be produced by adopting proper fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers. However, evaluating the suitability of such materials for marine applications necessitates a thorough understanding of their creep behavior, given the demanding operational environments and strict safety standards. The material selection process must intricately consider the material's susceptibility to creep through tailored material design methodologies. Moreover, redesign activities should aim to leverage the material's creep-resistant properties while ensuring adequate strength and simplifying installation procedures. Unfortunately, unlike the automotive industry, testing innovative plastic components in real environments on working engines is quite impossible. Neither engine manufacturers nor owners would allow jeopardizing their machinery by installing technologies not yet certified in a delicate environment such as a ship's engine room. In this context, finite element simulations offer a valuable tool to assess the material's creep performance and validate the proposed design when experimental measurements cannot be performed, hence predicting the component behavior over its intended lifetime. This study aims to exploit finite element analysis to evaluate the creep behavior and suitability for marine engine applications of a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material, focusing on a camshaft cover of a four-stroke marine engine currently manufactured from aluminum alloy. Through numerical simulations, a commercial 30 % wt GFs/PA6,6 thermoplastic composite emerges as a promising candidate, demonstrating adequate creep resistance while significantly reducing weight, processing costs, and energy consumption. The results obtained from the present study lay the foundations for the adoption of such material-based technology also in the marine engine sector despite the difficulties coming from the peculiarities of this industry.

Self-powered sensor for online monitoring of eccentricity faults in rotating machinery and its application in spindle eccentricity monitoring of machine tools

With their unique structures and functionalities, rotating machineries are widely employed in various high-end industries. However, eccentric faults of rotors during continuous high-speed operation represent a critical factor in causing safety accidents. Therefore, real-time monitoring of rotor health is crucial for promptly identifying potential safety hazards and fault indications, enabling preventative maintenance, and enhancing safety performance. Nonetheless, traditional monitoring methods rely on sensors installed on rotating components, which are prone to interference in rotational environments, involve complex installation and maintenance procedures, and pose significant challenges to rotor health monitoring. In this study, a self-powered rotor eccentricity monitoring sensor (RE-TENGs) is designed and fabricated, integrating triboelectric nanogenerator technology. This sensor utilizes the rotor as the self-sensing entity, requiring no external power supply and featuring simplified installation, enabling real-time monitoring of rotor health during rotational machinery operation. A linear relationship between the RE-TENG's eccentric response and electrical characteristics was established through dynamic testing. Furthermore, the actual eccentricity orientation of the rotor was successfully determined by employing vector analysis and synthesis methods with multiple RE-TENGs coupled. To further validate the practicality and accuracy of RE-TENGs, a monitoring testbed for eccentric faults of the spindle rotor in a CNC machine tool was constructed, with the spindle rotor's eccentric fault simulated through misaligned installation. Experimental results demonstrate that RE-TENGs can effectively detect rotor faults induced by eccentric forces during the actual operation of machine tools, accurately determining the eccentric direction and displacement. With an actual angle recognition error of less than ±0.824° and an eccentric distance recognition accuracy exceeding 98 %, the exceptional performance of RE-TENGs in monitoring and precise identification of eccentric faults in rotating machinery rotors is unequivocally verified. By integrating triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology, this study realizes real-time monitoring and precise identification of eccentric faults in rotating machinery rotors. It provides a novel solution for health condition monitoring of rotating machinery and offers a reference for overcoming the cumbersome installation and complex wiring of traditional sensors in practical applications.

Hubungan Sikap, Sosial Budaya, Dan KIE (Komunikasi, Informasi, Edukasi) Terhadap Keikutsertaan Ibu Dalam Mengikuti Program KB IUD Di Wilayah Puskesmas Jatirahayu Bekasi Jawa Barat

Introduction: An Intra-Uterine Device (IUD) is a long-term non-hormonal contraceptive that is inserted in the uterus and is made of a plastic/copper-like material and has various shapes. Participation in IUD KB is the behavior of women in following all procedures for using IUD contraception, such as the initial examination before installation, the installation procedure, and the examination after installation. This study aims to determine the relationship between attitude, socio-culture, and KIE on the participation of mothers in the IUD family planning program in the Jatirahayu Health Center area. Methods: Using descriptive analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 33 respondents. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between attitudes towards participation in the IUD family planning program, which obtained a p-value of 0,039; but there was no relationship between socio-culture and participation in the IUD family planning program p-value of 0,425; and KIE towards participation in the IUD family planning program p-value 1,000. Discussion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between attitudes towards participation in the IUD family planning program and no relationship between socio-culture and KIE towards participation in the IUD family planning program for mothers in the working area of the Jatirahayu Health Center in 2023. Suggestions for prospective family planning acceptors are expected to increase knowledge of the benefits and effectiveness of IUD family planning to foster trust and motivation to participate in the IUD family planning program.

The History of the Development of the Landing Installation Procedure and its Implementation in the Sports Training of Racing Cyclists

The History of the Development of the Landing Installation Procedure and its Implementation in the Sports Training of Racing Cyclists

Understanding proteome quantification in an interactive learning module on Google Cloud Platform.

This manuscript describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named 'NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning' https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox at the beginning of this Supplement. This module delivers learning materials on protein quantification in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses. Quantitative proteomics is a rapidly growing discipline due to the cutting-edge technologies of high resolution mass spectrometry. There are many data types to consider for proteome quantification including data dependent acquisition, data independent acquisition, multiplexing with Tandem Mass Tag reporter ions, spectral counts, and more. As part of the NIH NIGMS Sandbox effort, we developed a learning module to introduce students to mass spectrometry terminology, normalization methods, statistical designs, and basics of R programming. By utilizing the Google Cloud environment, the learning module is easily accessible without the need for complex installation procedures. The proteome quantification module demonstrates the analysis using a provided TMT10plex data set using MS3 reporter ion intensity quantitative values in a Jupyter notebook with an R kernel. The learning module begins with the raw intensities, performs normalization, and differential abundance analysis using limma models, and is designed for researchers with a basic understanding of mass spectrometry and R programming language. Learners walk away with a better understanding of how to navigate Google Cloud Platform for proteomic research, and with the basics of mass spectrometry data analysis at the command line. This manuscript describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named ``NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning'' https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox [1] at the beginning of this Supplement. This module delivers learning materials on the analysis of bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq data in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses.

Physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics of fly ash replaced cement deep mixing columns

The novel approach of the study is implementing the installation procedure of fly ash (FA) replaced cement deep mixing (DM) columns to field cases aiming at managing FA waste and reducing cement utilization. FA replaced cement DM columns (diameter of 30 cm and length of 80 cm) were installed on clayey soils using a laboratory type DM machine. The effect of installation parameters such as the binder dosage, FA replacement ratio, superplasticizer content, water/binder ratio, and the liquidity index (LI) of the soil on column performance was investigated. The design of experiments and optimization process were conducted using the Taguchi method, S/N and ANOVA analyses, and the desirability function method. Observations have shown that the mixing time required for a homogeneously mixed column depends on the LI of the soil and the volume ratio (VR) of the slurry. A key parameter (LI∙VR) is defined to decide the minimum number of the mixing process. The blade rotation number should be minimum of 252 rev/m to obtain a homogeneous soil-slurry mixture. The highest strength of the column was obtained when LI of fresh soilcrete (LImix) is 1.25∙LI. Optimum installation parameters were determined as binder dosage of 425 kg/m3, FA replacement ratio is 40%, superplasticizer content is 3%, water/binder ratio is 0.8, and LI of the untreated soil is 1. In the optimum design, the mixing efficiency of the soil-slurry mixture increased and the best column performance was obtained. In addition, cement utilization and binder cost decrease 40% and 33%, respectively, in FA-replaced cement DM columns. SEM images prove the increase in column performance due to the cementation products (CSH and CAH gels) formed in the microstructure of the column.

Deployment of attractive targeted sugar baits in western Zambia: installation, monitoring, removal, and disposal procedures during a Phase III cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAttractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) offer a complementary vector control strategy to interventions targeting blood feeding or larval control by attacking the sugar feeding behaviour of adult mosquitoes using an attract-and-kill approach. Western Zambia was the first location to receive and deploy ATSB Sarabi version 1.2 stations in a Phase III cluster randomized controlled trial. This paper describes ATSB station installation, monitoring, removal, and disposal, quantifies ATSB station coverage, and reports major reasons for ATSB station replacement.MethodsATSB stations were deployed during two annual transmission seasons, through scheduled installation and removal campaigns. During deployment, monitoring was conducted per protocol to maintain high coverage of the ATSB stations in good condition. Routine monitoring visits during the trial captured details on ATSB station damage necessitating replacement following pre-defined replacement criteria. Annual cross-sectional household surveys measured ATSB station coverage during peak malaria transmission.ResultsA total of 67,945 ATSB stations were installed in Year 1 (41,695 initially installed+ 26,250 installed during monitoring) and 69,494 ATSB stations were installed in Year 2 (41,982 initially installed+ 27,512 installed during monitoring) across 35 intervention clusters to maintain high coverage of two ATSB stations in good condition per eligible household structure. The primary reasons for ATSB station replacement due to damage were holes/tears and presence of mold. Cross-sectional household surveys documented high coverage of ATSB stations across Year 1 and Year 2 with 93.1% of eligible structures having ≥ 2 ATSB stations in any condition.DiscussionATSB station deployment and monitoring efforts were conducted in the context of a controlled cRCT to assess potential product efficacy. Damage to ATSB stations during deployment required replacement of a subset of stations. High coverage of eligible structures was maintained over the two-year study despite replacement requirements. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of damage on ATSB station effectiveness under programmatic conditions, including thresholds of threats to physical integrity and biological deterioration on product efficacy.ConclusionsOptimizing ATSB stations to address causes of damage and conducting implementation research to inform optimal delivery and cost-effective deployment will be important to facilitate scale-up of ATSB interventions.

Simulation Study on Mechanical Vibration Characteristics of GIS Bus Misalignment

Abstract Gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has been widely used in power grid systems. The busbar is a crucial element within a GIS system, responsible for facilitating electrical connections between different GIS components. Any defects during manufacturing or improper installation procedures can lead to busbar misalignment, resulting in abnormal vibrations within the GIS. This study focuses on analyzing the mechanical vibration characteristics of GIS bus misalignment using a simulation model based on the finite element method for a 252kV GIS. When the busbar is misaligned and the conductor experiences an unbalanced force, it undergoes Coulomb forces at double the voltage frequency. Under normal or misaligned conditions, the conductor exhibits forced vibrations at the power frequency of 100Hz. However, when misalignment occurs, there is a coupling effect between electrodynamics and vibrations, causing the shell to display integer frequency vibration components.

Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Vibrational Analysis: Exploiting Integrated Capabilities of Nano-Drones as Nodes in a WSN

Addressing the aging infrastructure challenge in both civil and industrial sectors has spurred the development of advanced sensor technologies and novel inspection methodologies, significantly contributing to the field of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). While conventional sensors, such as structure-mounted accelerometers, have demonstrated high effectiveness, their deployment may be difficult or even impossible in high-risk environments like post-seismic areas, where the installation procedure hampers the operators' safety. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the characteristics of a novel sensing platform compatible with autonomous deployment for vibration inspection of infrastructures. In particular, we explore the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), with a specific focus on nano-drones, as a viable and promising solution due to their compact size and cost-effectiveness. In particular, Crazyflie 2.1 nano-drones are exploited as reference platforms, given their characteristics in terms of versatility and electrical parameters. The objective is to utilize the on-drone MEMS-based Inertial Measurement and Microcontroller Unit (IMU and MCU) to perform, at the same time, both flight control and navigation, and vibration inspection. This approach eliminates the need for additional hardware, going beyond other successful drone applications in SHM, such as visual inspections, sensors deployment, and distance measurements. The proposed solution is validated through a comparison with commercial sensors for SHM. Multiple drones can be combined to deploy wireless sensor networks in hard-to-reach locations, ready for vibration monitoring with minimal software adjustments, offering a novel approach to SHM. The results indicate that the Crazyflie drone is capable of detecting even small variations in the dynamic response of a beam, with a maximum deviation of 1% compared to commercially available counterparts designed for SHM purposes.

Effectiveness of Leaflet Media in Health Education to Improve Maternal Knowledge on Implant Contraception

Introduction: Health education is crucial in increasing public knowledge about reproductive health, including Family Planning. The leaflet serves as a medium for conveying information, the effectiveness of which is measured by how well the leaflet helps in better understanding implant contraception, including its benefits, risks, installation procedure, and maintenance. This increase in knowledge is then expected to encourage more accurate decision-making regarding the use of implant contraceptives. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of leaflet media in health education on increasing mothers' knowledge about implant contraception at the Kurra Health Center in Tana Toraja Regency. Method: The research design used is a pre-experiment with a one-group pre-post test design. The research population consists of all Women of Childbearing Age (WUS) in Lembang Rante Limbong, the working area of Puskesmas Kurra, totaling 131 individuals. A sample of 57 individuals was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon test, depending on the data distribution. Result: The research results show a p-value of 0.000, which is smaller than the α value of 0.05. Conclusion: There is an effectiveness of leaflet media in health education toward increasing mothers' knowledge about implant contraception at the Kurra Health Center, Tana Toraja Regency. This increase in knowledge is expected to help WUS make wiser decisions regarding family planning and choose contraceptive methods that align with their needs and preferences.

A universal electrochemical sensor for detection of nucleic acids and protein based on host-guest recognition of β-cyclodextrin polymer

A novel electrochemical sensing approach was developed to detect DNA, RNA, and protein targets, utilizing the host–guest interaction between methylene blue (MB)-labeled probe and β-cyclodextrin-based nanocomposite (rGO/β-CDP). During the assay, the MB-labeled probe interacted with the corresponding target to form a probe/target complex. Due to steric hindrance, the formation of this complex reduced the amount of MB-labeled probes that can be captured by the β-cyclodextrin-based nanocomposite on the electrode surface, resulting in a measurable decrease in the electrochemical signal. Upon optimization, the sensing platform exhibited satisfactory analytical performance for three cancer-related model analytes: p53 DNA, microRNA-21 RNA, and thrombin protein, achieving low detection limits of 3.4 nM, 4.4 nM, and 5.7 pM, respectively. In this work, the electrochemical assay separates the detection process into two stages: target recognition in solution and signal transduction on the electrode surface. This fabrication effectively circumvents the issues associated with nonspecific conformational changes and the complicated probe installation procedures on electrode surfaces that are common in traditional sensing platforms. Integrating host–guest recognition with electrochemical assay, the developed approach not only advances the understanding of host–guest chemistry in sensor applications but also establishes a foundation for future innovations in the detection of biomarkers.

Corrosion Monitoring by Plastic Optic Fiber Sensor Using Bi-Directional Light Transmission.

In this paper, a new sensor is proposed to efficiently gather crucial information on corrosion phenomena and their progression within steel components. Fabricated with plastic optical fibers (POF), the sensor can detect corrosion-induced physical changes in the appearance of monitoring points within the steel material. Additionally, the new sensor incorporates an innovative structure that efficiently utilizes bi-directional optical transmission in the POF, simplifying the installation procedure and reducing the total cost of the POF cables by as much as 50% when monitoring multiple points. Furthermore, an extremely compact dummy sensor with the length of 5 mm and a diameter of 2.2 mm for corrosion-depth detection was introduced, and its functionality was validated through experiments. This paper outlines the concept and fundamental structure of the proposed sensor; analyzes the results of various experiments; and discusses its effectiveness, prospects, and economic advantages.

Productivity and cost analysis of cable yarding operations in flat terrain in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland

ABSTRACT Protecting soils during forest operations is important, especially soils with limited bearing capacity that are being harvested during the wet months. These soils can sustain damage to their structure, and therefore site productivity can be reduced. Climate change may change weather patterns, and less frozen soil conditions will occur more frequently, forcing planners to search for alternatives to overcome this challenge. In this context, cable-based systems for tree yarding are one option to reduce potential damage to soils and remaining stands. Time studies were performed on three cable yarding operations in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, aiming to understand the performance of cable-based systems in flat terrain. A statistical analysis was performed, and costs were calculated. The yarding productivity was 13.92–21.86 cubic meters over bark (m3ob) per productive machine hour. The payload was identified as the main variable significantly influencing the productivity of a yarding cycle. Overall, installation procedures of the yarder were the most time-consuming and expensive work step. Production costs were 70–102 CHF m3ob−1 (corresponding to 73–107 € m3ob−1), including felling, yarding and roadside processing. This study confirms that the costs resulting from cable-based operations in flat terrain are high and the approach is not (yet) competitive with ground-based systems.

Mathematical Modeling of a Corrugated Geogrid and Geocell Reinforced Flexible Pavement Base with Interlayer Shear Performance Analysis

To combat permanent deformation in flexible road pavements and extend lifespan while reducing maintenance costs, an investigated solution "Corrugated Geogrid and Geocell Reinforced Flexible Pavement Base Design" is proposed. It enhances durability by improving inter-layer bonding and increasing the friction coefficient with a Corrugated Imminent Hexagonal Composite Geogrid, boosting pavement bearing capacity. The necessity of this research is the integration of corrugated geogrids and geocells into the design of flexible pavement, in conjunction with a comprehensive evaluation of interlayer shear performance, effectively tackles a range of engineering obstacles and enhances the pavement system's durability, stability, and affordability. Geogrid's corrugated structure resists shoving, offers stabilization, and, combined with Fusion Geoblanket and Perforated Geocell, prevents potholes. Typically, geocellular brace parts are utilized in civil engineering and technical applications, and they are frequently connected to geocellular systems or geocells. These systems are frequently employed in the building of retaining walls, slope protection, erosion control, and soil stabilization. The intended use and product design influence the installation procedures and specific functioning approach. The proposed model prevents permanent pavement failures, ensuring durability, low maintenance, and improved lifespan, assessed through Finite Element Analysis. Thus, the proposed method develops a layout for flexible pavement that's going to prolong its life expectancy and prevent long-term deformation failure.

Development and mechanical evaluation of induction low Shear Friction Stir Spot rivets (ILSFSR) as crack arrest features in co-consolidated and welded thermoplastic laminates

The technique of Induction Low Shear Friction Stir Riveting (ILSFSR) stands as an alternative riveting process, which utilizes the melting and the resolidifying nature of thermoplastic resins to install metallic rivets into thermoplastic laminates without the need for pre-drilling. In this work, the aspects of the method’s implementation are presented, including its theoretical basis, the technical background, the apparatus, and the rivets’ installation procedure. Moreover, a mechanical evaluation of the resulting joints was held to determine their crack-arresting efficiency along carbon fiber reinforced co-consolidated low-melt PolyArylEtherKetone (LM-PAEK) laminates. A coupon scale testing campaign was employed, including mixed-mode Crack Lap Shear specimens containing the ILSFSR features, which were quasi-statically and fatigue-loaded. The interfacial crack growth results, which were compared to reference specimens, indicated the method's potential to provide significant damage retardation, resulting in an increase of 26% of quasi-static interfacial strength and complete confinement of fatigue crack growth, thus aiding in the damage tolerance design for critical engineering components.