Place Of Installation Research Articles

Результаты сейсмологических наблюдений на территории Республики Северная Осетия - Алания и в прилегающих районах в 2020 году

North-Ossetian Division of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NOD GS RAS) carries out the continuous seismological observations of the central part of the North Caucasus region. The branch's seismological network includes 12 observation points located on the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The paper provides basic information about the places of installation of seismic stations and their equipment, and notes the registration possibilities of the network. The total number of registered seismic events and separately within the administrative territories in 2020 is given. The total released seismic energy is calculated. A comparison of the energy indicator with the previous year is given. The schedule of repeatability is calculated and constructed, which indicates the level of reliability of event registration. The analysis of the earthquakes foci distribution with ref-erence to geotectonic structures is presented on the map of the epicenters of recorded seismic events with an indication of the distribution against the background of the focal zones. Iden-tified and described the swarm sequences of seismic events, which occurred in the territories of the Republics of North Ossetia-Alania and Kabardino-Balkaria, as well as in the Stavropol Territory. The mechanisms of the foci for the three most powerful earthquakes are deter-mined and their stereograms are given. The obtained results will allow us to study the chang-es in the seismic regime of the North Caucasus region more effectively.

Construction of Distributed Cooperative EMS in Multiple Homes Based on EV State Prediction and MPC

In this paper, we propose a novel energy management system (EMS) in which multiple homes cooperate. A buffer with a storage battery is needed to realize efficient power control in response to fluctuations in power demand and supply. Since there are problems such as economic cost and securing of installation place to apply the storage battery, it is conceivable to use electric vehicles (EV) instead. However, EVs need to be charged or discharged at home in preparation for traveling. The purpose of this paper is to propose a distributed cooperative energy management method for multiple homes based on EV state prediction and model predictive control (MPC). Finally, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

CREATION OF WIND ENERGY FACILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE OF THE SERVICES LOGISTICS MARKET: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

We analyzed the current state and development prospects of wind power generation in the EU and Ukraine. We detected the trends on many wind power generation impactors in the EU and the Ukrainian's interest in building wind parks. Such trends led to the market development of specialized technical aids for assuring transportation of equipment production elements of wind power units to the installation place. The obtained results gave grounds for directions on developing the logistic services market in the segment of delivery of non-standard on all characteristics of the production equipment for wind installations: weight, geometrical sizes, transportation conditions. We proposed an approach to delegate the management functions and delivery of production equipment for wind-power units to a logistics operator (logistics provider) 4pl-level with a package of services "industry logistics" and "project logistics" as an integrator of material and of accompanying flows. This approach should be helpful to optimize financial costs, time and reduce the level of risks in the implementation of a project to create wind power generation facilities. The involvement of a representative, a logistics operator in project activities, opens up prospects for the life cycle of logistics service for the supply of goods of non-standard dimensions and diversification of the activities of logistics operators in the logistics services market, including through the determination of the KPI for further cooperation in wind farms servicing.

Застосування огородження склопластикового композитного перильного

Introduction. Innovative, new materials are increasingly used in transport construction, among which composite materials are becoming widespread.Small bridges and elements of large bridges, such as roadway slabs, pavements, railings, composite reinforcement, reinforcement elements, are made of composite materials.Recently, the use of polymer composite materials for the manufacture of lightly loaded structural elements of transport structures, such as lighting poles, drainage trays, railings.Much attention should be paid to the fiberglass composite railing, which has a number of advantages over traditional metal fencing. Unfortunately, at present there are no clearly defined in Ukraine regulations on fiberglass composite fencing, so this topic is relevant and necessary for the transport industry.Problem Statement. From the literature analysis it is established that the railings of highways and sidewalks are in difficult operating conditions, are constantly exposed to aggressive environments - water, chemicals, salts.Goal. Increasing the durability of the railing by using new materials.Results. The analysis of production of a fiberglass profile is carried out. On the basis of the conducted researches the general requirements to a protection of fiberglass composite washing machine are established. On the basis of the current normative documents the classification of a protection on a place of installation, type of filling of a skeleton, a method of fastening of risers is developed. The paper presents the main parameters and dimensions of the fence. Material requirements are set. Methods of control of a protection with establishment of a technique of test of a protection on resistance to action of horizontal and vertical loadings are developed. Recommendations on installation and installation of a protection of fiberglass composite washing machine are offered.Conclusions. The research results were used in the development of technical conditions for the protection of fiberglass composite washing machine.Keywords: road, composite, bridge, fencing, profile, fiberglass, artificial construction

Application of Molecular Sieves for Drying Transformers Insulated with Mineral Oil, Natural Ester, or Synthetic Ester

A high level of moisture in the insulation system of power transformers is often the cause of their failure. This can be prevented by drying a transformer in its place of installation. In the article the application of molecular sieves (MS) in the drying process of the transformer insulation system was analyzed. The water sorption isotherms of 3A MS in mineral oil, natural ester, and synthetic ester at 35 °C were determined, which was not described in the literature before. An evaluation of the influence of temperature on the drying dynamics of electro-insulating liquids using MS was also carried out. The drying dynamics were tested at three temperatures, i.e., 35 °C, 50 °C, and 65 °C, which allowed to analyze the effect of temperature on a short-term or continuous drying process. The tests showed that 3A MS’s ability to adsorb water varied depending on the type of electro-insulating liquid. The determined water sorption isotherms, described by means of Langmuir adsorption model, make it possible to calculate the amount of MS needed for drying transformers with different liquid insulation. The research and analyses show the MS’s great potential for the drying of transformer insulation systems.

Voltage Optimization in MV Network with Distributed Generation Using Power Consumption Control in Electrolysis Installations

Connecting a large number of distributed sources to the medium and low voltage grid poses many problems. The most important of these are the voltage changes inside the network, what can be observed when the power flow from these sources towards the HV/MV (High Voltage/Medium Voltage) transformer station. In particular, if the power consumption in nodes of the MV network is small and the distance between the place of installation of the source and the substation is large, increases and changes in voltage may be dangerous for the insulation of the network and burdensome for the consumers connected to it. The solution most frequently used to control voltage increases is the appropriate setting of the controller that affects the on-load tap changer of the MV/HV or even MV/LV (Medium Voltage/Low Voltage) transformer. It is also possible to regulate the reactive power of the sources and, of course, to limit their generated active power (curtailment of generation). The development of energy storage technology has made it possible to introduce consumers into the network, whose power can be controlled in a wide range. The article proposes the concept of an innovative voltage control system in the MV network, whose output values are three groups of parameters: HV/MV transformer ratio, reactive power of sources and active power of consumers connected in generation nodes. In the technological sense, it has been assumed that the loads are installations of electrolyzers used to produce “green hydrogen”, according to the P2G (Power to Gas) formula. The tests consisting in the execution of several hundred calculation cycles for the IEEE 37 test network, using the Monte Carlo simulation, have shown that the subordination of the hydrogen production process to the objectives of voltage control in the MV network clearly contributes to stabilizing its value, while meeting the technological requirements. The control variables of the proposed control system are the result of the optimization algorithm described in the article, the function of which is the quality of network voltage.

Design and Construction of Gas Fire Alert System

This research paper aspired to design and develop a gas leakage and fire monitoring and detection alarm system based on SMS. Most fire incidents in houses, schools and factories are caused by gas leakage. Many houses and factories are being destroyed by fire and gas leakage. To prevent the loss of life and properties, preventive measures should be taken, hence this research was conceptualized. The installation of a GF (Gas and Fire) alert system to vulnerable locations may help lessen if not totally eliminate the dangers posed by gas leakage and fire. The GF system was designed and develop to prevent the loss of life and properties caused by gas leakages & fire thus ensuring the safety of life and property. The design of the GF system is composed of hardware and software integrated and programmed to work as gas and fire detector. The programs are coded using embedded C-language. Tests performed on the developed GF system shows excellent response in detecting gas leaks and fire with short time delay. On the other hand, sending of SMS alert shows promising results with few seconds time delay. Also, the network signal of the place of installation affects the performance of the device to send text messages.

Study of Distribution Ice-Forming reagent in the Boundary layer of the atmosphere When Exposed by Ground Aerosol Generators NAG-07M

The paper describes the technical means, methods, and results of experimental studies of the spread of ice-forming agents in the boundary layer of the atmosphere under the action of ground-based aerosol generator NAG-07M. Comparison of the data on sampling by an AVA 3-240-01S probe mounted aboard Vilga-35A aircraft with aerosol propagation calculations using a 3-D SeedDisp model shows 1. The concentration of silver iodide measured in the atmosphere was above background one to a height of 1200 m at distances of 3 to 9 km from the place of the generator installation. 2. The developed SeedDisp numerical model in general qualitatively correctly describes the distribution of silver iodide aerosols in the boundary layer and the free atmosphere under the action of ground-based aerosol generator NAG-07M. Thus, the coefficient of correlation of the measured and calculated by model values of the silver iodide particles concentration in the sub-cloud layer exceeded the value of 0.7.

Automated calculation method effect values in load securing elements fixed on a rolling stock

The article presents a method for the automated calculation of the magnitude of the efforts in the means of securing cargo fixed to the rolling stock in accordance with the Technical Conditions for Stowing and Securing Cargo in Wagons and Containers - a regulatory document of JSC Russian Railways (hereinafter referred to as TU). The method provides for all possible factors of the influence of the forces acting on the transported cargo as a result of its movement from the point of loading to the point of unloading, including the necessary technological operations performed along the route, using the example of a cargo with a flat base using the capabilities of the computing environment. The obtained research results are supposed to be used by shippers in the development of the optimal method for placing and securing transported goods on the rolling stock. The automated calculation method will allow obtaining the predicted value of the cargo shift value both along and across the car from the total effect of longitudinal, transverse and vertical forces acting on the cargo along the way. These values make it possible to optimally determine the place of installation of thrust bars on the car floor, depending on the geometric parameters of the transported cargo and the chosen method of fastening it to the rolling stock.

Mismatches Between the Number of Installed Automated External Defibrillators and the Annual Rate of Automated External Defibrillator Use Among Places.

In South Korea, the law concerning automated external defibrillators (AEDs) states that they should be installed in specific places including apartment complexes. This study was conducted to investigate the current status and effectiveness of installation and usage of AEDs in South Korea. Installation and usage of AEDs in South Korea is registered in the National Emergency Medical Center (NEMC) database. Compared were the installed number, usage, and annual rate of AED use according to places of installation. All data were obtained from the NEMC database. After excluding AEDs installed in ambulances or fire engines (n = 2,003), 36,498 AEDs were registered in South Korea from 1998 through 2018. A higher number of AEDs were installed in places required by the law compared with those not required by the law (20,678 [56.7%] vs. 15,820 [43.3%]; P <.001). Among them, 11,318 (31.0%) AEDs were installed in apartment complexes. The overall annual rate of AED use was 0.38% (95% CI, 0.33-0.44). The annual rate of AED use was significantly higher in places not required by the law (0.62% [95% CI, 0.52-0.72] versus 0.21% [95% CI, 0.16-0.25]; P <.001). The annual rate of AED use in apartment complexes was 0.13% (95% CI, 0.08-0.17). There were significant mismatches between the number of installed AEDs and the annual rate of AED use among places. To optimize the benefit of AEDs in South Korea, changes in the policy for selecting AED placement are needed.

The calculate of current transformers with combined magnetic cores

The manufacture of current transformers is associated with many design constraints, which include the restricted dimensions of its installation places, requirements for the accuracy class, as well as the limitation on the safety factor or the minimum factor of the accuracy limit factor. In a design sense of current transformers, these requirements are contradictory, which resulting in a flexible approach to the manufacture of current transformers. The use of combined magnetic cores can be referred to one of these areas, in other words magnetic cores consisting of materials with different magnetic properties, which allows to obtain unique magnetic properties that are inaccessible when using magnetic cores of the same type (material), thus providing a rational model of production. The article presents a feature of calculating of current transformer with combined magnetic cores.

Prevention method of soil freezing during pile driving in winter

One of the common challenges of driving piles in winter is frozen soil. The depth of frozen soil reaches two meters in Northern and Central Kazakhstan that made it difficult to build the pile foundations in cold months. In order to prevent the pile distraction, the places of pile installation are usually drilled by drilling machines which takes time and additional cost for preparatory works. In this paper we proposed a new method of preventing the soil from freezing by using an antifreeze reagent. The reagent can also be used to thaw the frozen ground which allows the construction works in winter months. During the static load test, the piles driven into the soil that had been applied with antifreeze reagent have shown more accurate bearing capacity data. The scientific and experimental studies have established that the antifreeze reagent reduces the ompressibility of frozen soil.

An Optimized Approach for Mapping Solar Irradiance in a Mid-Low Latitude Region Based on a Site-Adaptation Technique Using Himawari-8 Satellite Imageries

Solar technologies play an important role in the renewable electric energy budget, so accurate solar maps are a crucial point for finding a suitable place for solar panel installation. This study proposes a method for solar irradiance mapping in mid-low latitude regions, and the method’s site-adaptation process is performed by optimizing the Heliosat method through the REST2 clear-sky model, cloud albedo selection, new clear-sky index, and linear subtraction for bias removal. A local station with two pyranometers provided measurements for this method. Site-adapted model results were used to create a calibrated solar map by linear regression adaptation. This study also provides the evaluation and site-adaption of another known irradiance dataset in the Asian region from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Heliosat model results with optimal cloud albedo showed high accuracy of 4.78 MBE and 63.11 RMSE, which can be improved using the site-adaptation process to 0.71 MBE and 57.42 RMSE. The selection of an optimal cloud albedo improved the model by more than 20%. The JAXA dataset obtained a large overestimation of 56.72 MBE, thereby highlighting the importance of site adaptation. This research’s findings pave a new way for the creation of accurate site-adapted solar maps and databases.

Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the system of local removal of harmful substances during the combustion of candles in the worship hall of Orthodox churches and cathedrals

The analysis of the features of Orthodox churches, temples and cathedrals, elements of the design of the halls of worship, and their preservation. The types of hazards generated during the burning of candles and the parishioners and staff present are systematized. Thermal imaging surveys of convective flows formed during candle combustion were carried out. A technique for conducting experiments and a diagram of an experimental setup for measuring the temperature and air velocity in a convective jet have been developed. The diagram of the convective flow structure is presented, which consists of individual jets from each candle. The results of the study have been obtained, which make it possible to determine the area of stable convective flow and the place of installation of the exhaust hood above the candlestick, as well as the distance between the burning candles and the edge of the bottom of the umbrella. A local mechanical exhaust ventilation system with umbrellas has been developed to trap and remove harmful substances from the worship hall and provide comfortable conditions for parishioners and preserve the decoration elements of the halls. The characteristics and conditions for the efficient operation of the hoods in the local exhaust ventilation system and the factors influencing their operation are given.

Mathematical modelling of start-up transients at clustered propulsion system with POGO-suppressors for CYCLON-4M launch vehicle

Liquid-propellant rocket propulsion systems of the first stages of launch vehicles of medium, heavy, and super-heavy class usually include POGO-suppressors, which are one of the most widely used methods to eliminate launch vehicle longitudinal structural vibrations (POGO phenomena). However, until now, the theoretical studies and analysis of the effect of the POGO-suppressors’ installation in the feedlines of main liquid rocket engines on transient processes in systems during rocket engine starting have not been carried out due to the complexity of such analysis and the lack, first of all, reliable nonlinear models of cavitation phenomena in rocket engine pumps. A mathematical model for the start-up of a clustered rocket propulsion of the Cyclone-4M launch vehicle has been developed that takes into account the low-frequency dynamics of the POGO-suppressors and the asynchronous start-up timeline sequences of the rocket engines. The first stage of the launch vehicle propulsion system includes four RD-870 rocket engines. A nonlinear mathematical model of low-frequency dynamic processes of the POGO-suppressor with bellows separation of liquid and gaseous media is presented. A significant effect of cavitation in the pumps of engines and the POGO-suppressor installation to the LOX feedline on the propulsion system dynamic gains is shown. Based on the developed mathematical model of the clustered rocket propulsion start-up, the studies of the Cyclone-4M main engines’ start-up transients were carried out. The asynchronous start-up timeline sequences of the rocket engine and the places of installation of the POGO-suppressors in the LOX feedline branches to the RD-870 rocket engine – near the general feedline collector as standard placement or directly at the entrance to the engines – were investigated. The analysis of start-up transients in the oxidizer feed system of the considered propulsion (the time dependences of the flowrate and pressure at the engine inlet) showed the following. Firstly, while the synchronous start-up of the engines, the installation of the POGO-suppressors near the feedline collector makes it possible to eliminate all engine inlet overpressures that exist in the rocket propulsion system in case of the absence of the POGO-suppressors. Secondly, the RD-870 engine asynchronous start-up operation affects negatively the time dependences of the propellant flowrate and pressure at the engine inlet if the POGO-suppressors are located near the feedline collector. So, in the propulsion system’s start-up timeline interval 0.95 s - 1.35 s, for some computational variants of the initial moments of the engine operation start, an abnormally large drop in the LOX flow rate and the overpressures at the engine inlet is observed. The asynchronous start-up of the RD-870 engines with the installation of the POGO-suppressors at the engine inlet does not significantly change the start-up transients compared to the synchronous starting of the engines. Thirdly, thus, it is shown that the installation of the POGO-suppressors both at the engine inlet and at the RD-870 branches near the collector has a significant positive effect on the quality of start-up transient processes for the main engines of the 1st stage of the Cyclone-4M launch vehicle. Placing the POGO-suppressors at the engine inlets is not standard and is considered without reference to the propulsion system layout. Nevertheless, the POGO-suppressors installed at the inlet to the engines are an effective means of preventing overshoots and dips in the parameters of the liquid-propellant rocket engine, including the conditions of asynchronous starting of the liquid rocket engines in the clustered propulsion system. The results obtained can be used in mathematical modeling of the start-up of the first stage propulsion system either for multistage sustainer rockets used in parallel with booster rockets or for the clustered multi-engine rocket propulsion system containing POGO-suppressors.

Расстановка ветровых электростанций в электроэнергетической системе

Specific conditions of wind farms operation require special treatment of the wide range of aspects, in particular, calculation of the parameters characterizing the influence of wind farms on the power system operation regime and efficient practical representation of data calculated for a long period of time. The aim of the study is to formulate a method for placing the totality of wind farms in the electric power system (EPS). To this end, it is necessary to estimate the influence of wind farms on the EPS operation regime main parameters. For carrying out the study, methods for statistical processing of big databases, optimization methods, and numerical methods were used. Computational experiments were carried out in the Microsoft Office Excel software package. Based on the study results, criteria have been obtained using which it is possible to determine the most suitable places for the installation of wind farms, for example, to reduce the fluctuations in the EPS generation schedule. In addition, the values of the revealed indicators are used to evaluate the possibility of controlling the existing conventional power plants and identify measures for widening the adjustment range. The larger the capacity of wind farms, the more significant their influence is; however, the negative component of this influence decreases if many wind farms operate in the power system. By using the developed method, the most rational nodes of the EPC can be selected using the identified criteria at the design stage in determining the wind farms installation places. The accomplished studies have yielded a simple and practically applicable approach to determining the most optimal wind farm placement sites.

Method and computer program for selecting voltage stabilizers installation places in distribution electric networks

Method and computer program for selecting voltage stabilizers installation places in distribution electric networks

Расстановка ветровых электростанций в электроэнергетической системе

Specific conditions of wind farms operation require special treatment of the wide range of aspects, in particular, calculation of the parameters characterizing the influence of wind farms on the power system operation regime and efficient practical representation of data calculated for a long period of time. The aim of the study is to formulate a method for placing the totality of wind farms in the electric power system (EPS). To this end, it is necessary to estimate the influence of wind farms on the EPS operation regime main parameters. For carrying out the study, methods for statistical processing of big databases, optimization methods, and numerical methods were used. Computational experiments were carried out in the Microsoft Office Excel software package. Based on the study results, criteria have been obtained using which it is possible to determine the most suitable places for the installation of wind farms, for example, to reduce the fluctuations in the EPS generation schedule. In addition, the values of the revealed indicators are used to evaluate the possibility of controlling the existing conventional power plants and identify measures for widening the adjustment range. The larger the capacity of wind farms, the more significant their influence is; however, the negative component of this influence decreases if many wind farms operate in the power system. By using the developed method, the most rational nodes of the EPC can be selected using the identified criteria at the design stage in determining the wind farms installation places. The accomplished studies have yielded a simple and practically applicable approach to determining the most optimal wind farm placement sites.

Retained Water in the Commune of Gogounou in Benin: Inventory, Characterization and Management Mode

Abstract The present work was carried out with the aim of knowing the characteristics and the management made of the agropastoral dams of the commune of Gogounou which are of a great utility for the local populations. To do this, twenty (20) dams were chosen according to the strategic interest that they present for the population, that is to say a polling rate of 87% on all the dams of the municipality. An inventory of the dams was made according to quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results showed the existence of (04) groups of dams according to the technical characteristics and some qualitative variables. The parameters that lead to the degradation of these dams are often related to the age and type of dam and the place of installation. Groups (2 and 4) are agropastoral dams (100%) and more than half of the dams are on flood sites. Results have also shown that there are management committees around all the dams in the commune of Gogounou, but which are mostly non-functional at almost 75%. Also, it has been found that the breeders are mostly transhumant and sedentary who use (100%) dams for watering animals. This cohabitation between farmers and pastoralists does not occur without major conflicts, in particular, that of land whose settlement is generally peaceful. In short, the management of the dams in the commune of Gogounou is a real challenge to be met for a better development, both economically and socially to guarantee the prosperity of the actors and prepare them to adapt to the vagaries of the climate future.

PROSEDUR PEMERIKSAAN RADIOGRAFI CLAVICULA DENGAN KLINIS FRAKTUR DI RSUD RAA SOEWONDO PATI

Background: Clavicula examination procedure with clinical fractures in radiology installation RAA Soewondo Pati Hospital was using only Antero Posterior (AP) projection. The purpose of this research is to know the clavicle examination procedure with clinical fractures and find out the reasons for using Antero Posterior (AP) projections.&#x0D; Methods: Type of this research is qualitative research with approach case studies. Data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research took place in the radiology installation of RAA Soewondo Pati Hospital. Data analysis was carried out with interactive model three steps, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation.&#x0D; Results: The results showed the clavicula examination procedure with clinical fractures in radiology installation RAA Soewondo Pati Hospital was using Antero Posterior (AP) projection.&#x0D; Conclusions: The reason for using this projections is because this projections have provided diagnostic anatomy information and its enough to make a the diagnosis. But to show costae 1 and 2 and clavicle appear more clear and not superposition each other should use AP Axial projections. &#x0D;