Turbine Installation Research Articles

Blaming the wind? The impact of wind turbine on bird biodiversity

We quantitatively assess the impacts of onshore wind turbines on bird diversity using citizen science data in China. Results show that a one-standard-deviation increase in wind turbines reduces bird abundance by 9.75% and leads to a 12.2% reduction in bird species richness at the county level. The negative impacts are more significant in migrant birds, birds in forests, urban and farmlands than others. Biodiversity protection helps to safeguard bird abundance against wind turbines. We also find that habitat loss rather than food chain change after the wind turbine installations contributes to biodiversity loss. The net impact of wind turbines on the environment is positive when considering the carbon reduction effects.

Use of Biogas in Gas Turbines for the Production of Heat and Electricity

In the modern developed countries of the world, the main part of the extracted fuel and energy resources is spent on the production of electricity and heat of low and medium potential. In Ukraine, the biomethane production potential is estimated at 7.8 billion m3/year, which is 25 % of the current natural gas consumption in the country. The infrastructure of Ukraine is ready for transportation and energy use of biomethane, as biomethane is a complete analogue of natural gas. When storing organic waste ("bio-waste") – for example, the organic part of household waste - biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, is released. This gas is a high-quality fuel for gas engines or gas turbines - just like methane gas produced from biomass in sewage treatment plants. Biogas can replace fossil fuels and is also characterized by its CO2 neutrality. Biogas can be burned on-site with little to no processing to heat buildings and power boilers or even the reactor itself. Biogas can be used for combined heat and power generation, can be simply converted to electricity using an internal combustion engine, fuel cells or gas turbine, with the resulting electricity being used on-site or sold into the electricity grid. Taking into account the advantages of using biogas, as well as the price policy for natural gas, the study carried out a calculation of the thermal scheme of the state district power plant. Natural gas is used as the main fuel, biogas was chosen for comparison. The specific heat of combustion of biogas is almost half that of natural gas. When operating on biogas, the efficiency of a gas turbine installation is 8.5 % lower, and that of a steam-gas installation is 7.5 % lower than on natural gas. Since 1000 m³ of natural gas is equivalent to 1,00 m³ of biogas, a biogas accounting factor has been introduced. On the basis of the relevant research, conclusions were drawn regarding the use of biogas as an alternative to natural gas. The relevance of the use of biogas for the production of heat and electricity is to provide a promising source of electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Numerical Methodologies for the Analysis of Horizontal-Axis Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (F-HAWTs): A State-of-the-Art Review

In recent decades, wind turbine installations have become a popular option to meet the world’s growing demand for energy. Both onshore and offshore wind turbines form pivotal components of the electricity sector. Onshore wind energy is now a mature technology, with significant experience gained by wind farm developers and operators over the last couple of decades. However, as a more recent enterprise, the offshore wind industry still requires significantly more development before the technologies and operations reach maturity. To date, floating platforms at sea have been utilised extensively for the oil and gas industry. While a lot of the expertise and technology is transferable to the floating offshore wind industry, significant development work remains; for example, there is significant work required due to the different device types. Compared to floating oil and gas platforms, floating wind turbine platforms have a higher centre of gravity, which influences their performance and complexity. The successful large-scale development of floating offshore wind farms will require significant expertise and learning from the onshore wind, oil, and gas sectors. There are a wide range of software packages available to predict the operational behaviour of floating offshore wind turbines. In spite of this, it is still extremely difficult to create a fully coupled model of a floating wind turbine that can accurately and comprehensively model the turbine aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, servodynamics, structural dynamics, and mooring dynamics. This paper presents details on various fully coupled and uncoupled software packages and methodologies utilised to simulate floating offshore wind turbine performances. Various kinds of mooring systems, floating wind turbines, analysis methods, and experimental validation methods are comprehensively described. This paper serves as a reliable methodological guideline for researchers and wind industry professionals engaged in the design/analysis of wind farm projects.

Optimal Environmental Siting of Future Wind Turbines in the North Sea.

Offshore wind energy (OWE) represents a key technology for achieving a sustainable energy transition. However, offshore wind farms (OWFs) can impact the environment via installation, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning activities together with the raw materials and energy required for their manufacturing. This study assesses the material and carbon footprint of potential OWF locations in the North Sea for various possible future technology developments. We find that better sitings could save up to ∼0.11 kg (∼65%) of steel, ∼ 0.16 g (∼31%) of copper, and ∼6.44 kg (∼26%) of embodied CO2-eq per MWh of electricity produced compared to the status quo setups. Nearshore regions of the North Sea, particularly the eastern and northwestern areas, have the lowest CO2-eq per MWh of electricity produced due to favorable wind resources. Developing an OWF in the central North Sea requires more copper and aluminum due to large distances to shore and thus incurs higher embodied CO2-eq per MWh. These areas also overlap with several protected areas and thus remain the least favorable for OWE development. The future emergent OWE technological developments for 2040 such as the installation of larger turbines with an extended lifetime alone could, on average, lead to reductions of ∼0.06 kg in steel demand (∼35%), ∼ 0.15 g in copper demand (∼31%), and ∼10.97 kg of CO2-eq (∼41%) per MWh produced. Future OWFs incorporating these technological developments, when placed in the most suitable locations, have the potential to substantially lower OWF environmental impacts across the full turbine life cycle.

Enhancing Structural Health Monitoring for structures subjected to time-variant operating conditions

The expected growth of new offshore wind turbine installations necessitates effective Operation and Maintenance strategies to ensure wind farm reliability. Key to these strategies is optimizing operational uptime for Crew Transfer Vessels (CTVs), which transport technicians to wind farms. However, CTV operations are often cancelled due to harsh weather, creating a critical need for continuous operation during favourable conditions. This demand frequently leads to corrective maintenance of the CTV, which increases the risk of unexpected breakdowns. Transitioning to condition-based maintenance can help mitigate the risk of unexpected breakdowns while ensuring uninterrupted operation. At the core of this is the technology of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), aiming to identify deviations from a normal, undamaged condition of the structure. Essentially, if the structural characteristics remain constant, deviations from this normal condition can be interpreted as structural damage. However, under time-variant operating conditions, the structural characteristics vary, complicating the identification of deviations caused by damages. This study addresses this challenge by separating the operation of a CTV into operational modes, each defined by unique structural load conditions. Then, a Random Forest model using easily accessible input features is implemented to identify the active mode during operation. Hence, deviations from the normal condition of the specific mode can be identified. While the Random Forest model demonstrates high accuracy in this regard, future potential limitations emerged, prompting considerations for future improvements.

Current Status and Future Trends in Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Floating Wind Turbines

The installation and operation phases are critical stages in the lifecycle of offshore wind turbines, with costs associated with the installation and maintenance of floating wind turbines accounting for approximately 50% of the total investment. This paper presents the latest advancements in the technologies for the installation and maintenance of floating wind turbines. First, it discusses the installation techniques and relevant research related to the foundations and components of floating wind turbines. Next, it explores various operational strategies for offshore wind turbines and studies on major component replacements. The interrelationship of research in the installation and maintenance fields for floating wind turbines is examined. Furthermore, this paper investigates various tools and equipment used for the installation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines. It also addresses the relevant regulations and standards governing offshore operations for floating wind turbines. Finally, this paper provides a forward-looking perspective on the installation and maintenance of floating wind turbines.

Design of a quick-connection device for installing pre-assembled offshore wind turbines

Higher wind velocities and lower wind shear are two motivations driving the development of floating offshore wind turbines (OWTs). However, such designs suffer from high expenses and complicated installation scenarios. Installation of offshore wind turbines is challenging due to the unpredictable nature of the environment and the technical complexities, especially at offshore sites. Mating of OWT on top of the pre-installed substructure is one of the critical stages of the installation operation. Grouted, welded, and bolted connections are utilized conventionally, but all have shortcomings. Welded and grouted connections suffer from fatigue forces, while a bolted connection requires minimal installation tolerances and sensitivity to impact forces. The design of a quick connection device (QCD) is expected to reduce the installation time, expand the operational weather window, and overcome the limitations of the earlier connection devices.The QCD described here comprises conic cross-sections, circular plates, and stiffeners connected to the floating substructure and OWT. This research uses a global model to estimate the relative velocities and displacements between the OWT and spar buoy. Furthermore, a local finite element model is developed to assess the influence of the impact forces and the design of the connection device. Implementing the hydrostatic stiffness of the floating spar within the impact simulations improved the simulation fidelity and reduced the impact damage. Different impact scenarios are performed, and the sensitivity of impact damage concerning the distribution of impact initiation points is assessed. Furthermore, an active control mechanism is used to reduce the relative motions between the installation vessel and the floating substructure. It is concluded that utilizing the anti-swing active control system minimizes the impact velocity and impact damage. This research can be extended by optimizing the design of the quick connection device.

Environmental Impact of Wind Farms

The aim of this article is to analyse the global environmental impact of wind farms, i.e., the effects on human health and the local ecosystem. Compared to conventional energy sources, wind turbines emit significantly fewer greenhouse gases, which helps to mitigate global warming. During the life cycle of a wind farm, 86% of CO2 emissions are generated by the extraction of raw materials and the manufacture of wind turbine components. The water consumption of wind farms is extremely low. In the operational phase, it is 4 L/MWh, and in the life cycle, one water footprint is only 670 L/MWh. However, wind farms occupy a relatively large total area of 0.345 ± 0.224 km2/MW of installed capacity on average. For this reason, wind farms will occupy more than 10% of the land area in some EU countries by 2030. The impact of wind farms on human health is mainly reflected in noise and shadow flicker, which can cause insomnia, headaches and various other problems. Ice flying off the rotor blades is not mentioned as a problem. On a positive note, the use of wind turbines instead of conventionally operated power plants helps to reduce the emission of particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM 2.5), which are a major problem for human health. In addition, the non-carcinogenic toxicity potential of wind turbines for humans over the entire life cycle is one of the lowest for energy plants. Wind farms can have a relatively large impact on the ecological system and biodiversity. The destruction of animal migration routes and habitats, the death of birds and bats in collisions with wind farms and the negative effects of wind farm noise on wildlife are examples of these impacts. The installation of a wind turbine at sea generates a lot of noise, which can have a significant impact on some marine animals. For this reason, planners should include noise mitigation measures when selecting the site for the future wind farm. The end of a wind turbine’s service life is not a major environmental issue. Most components of a wind turbine can be easily recycled and the biggest challenge is the rotor blades due to the composite materials used.

Infrared Thermography of Turbulence Patterns of Operational Wind Turbine Rotor Blades Supported With High‐Resolution Photography: KI‐VISIR Dataset

ABSTRACTWith increasing wind energy capacity and installation of wind turbines, new inspection techniques are being explored to examine wind turbine rotor blades, especially during operation. A common result of surface damage phenomena (such as leading edge erosion) is the premature transition of laminar to turbulent flow on the surface of rotor blades. In the KI‐VISIR (Künstliche Intelligenz Visuell und Infrarot Thermografie—Artificial Intelligence‐Visual and Infrared Thermography) project, infrared thermography is used as an inspection tool to capture so‐called thermal turbulence patterns (TTPs) that result from such surface contamination or damage. To complement the thermographic inspections, high‐resolution photography is performed to visualise, in detail, the sites where these turbulence patterns initiate. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed and used to detect and localise turbulence patterns. A unique dataset combining the thermograms and visual images of operational wind turbine rotor blades has been provided, along with the simplified annotations for the turbulence patterns. Additional tools are available to allow users to use the data requiring only basic Python programming skills.

Numerical study on aerodynamics of small scale horizontal axis wind turbine with Weibull analysis.

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and blade element momentum (BEM) analysis of horizontal small-scale wind turbines under various parameters. Random airfoils such as the NACA 0012, NACA 0018, NACA 4412, S1016, S1210, S1223, and SC20402 are chosen, and the glide ratio is analysed. A Reynolds number of 100,000 is considered because of the small wind turbine design. The foil with the highest glide ratio is selected. Various notations are used to represent the chord and the twist angle of the blade, and the blade with the best chord and twist angle is chosen. The lift, drag, and power coefficients and power curves are analysed via the BEM. The power curves are evaluated for different air densities, and a higher value of power is obtained. Finally, via CFD, the SST model for turbulence is analysed for various angles of attack via Ansys Fluent for different air densities. The results are satisfactory compared with those of the CFD and BEM analyses. The Weibull distribution is analysed to understand the required frequencies for various wind speeds so that the installation of wind turbines can be made convenient in preferred areas with suitable wind properties.

Wind flow characteristics through shrouded wind turbine using ANSYS

Wind energy is a mature and quick-growing source of energy in many nations. New wind energy technologies must be introduced to increase effectiveness and reduce the cost of wind turbine installation. Wind energy conversion experts believe that shrouded wind turbines are a promising technology that could raise output and efficiency levels. A low-pressure zone is created behind the turbine because of the shroud’s unique structure. As a result, the turbine draws in greater mass flow to produce more power. With the aid of this innovative technology, wind turbines could be used in populated areas where lower wind speeds could be captured. In this study, a comparative analysis has been applied to different designs of shrouded wind turbines to analyze the wind speed, pressure, output power and power coefficient. ANSYS software has been conducted in this paper where the results obtained that the output power could be increased up to 3-4 times compared to the bare wind turbine, also a high-power coefficient could be reached up to 83.1%.

The concept of creating a maneuverable power plant based on a small modular reactor

Purpose. To develop a maneuverable power plant (MPP) based on the NuScale small modular reactor (SMR) by selecting a thermal scheme structure for a steam turbine installation using minimal additional equipment and ensuring its operation in both nominal and peak modes with maximum efficiency. This also includes ensuring its maneuverability through the use of hydrogen technologies for generating, storing, and returning energy to the steam turbine cycle. Methodology. The study employed the method of mathematical modeling of thermodynamic cycles of thermal schemes of steam turbine installations (STI) with concentrated parameters, which makes it possible to describe the dynamics of systems consisting of discrete elements that are thermodynamic systems. Findings. Various structural options for the thermal scheme of the MPP based on the NuScale SMR for nominal operation were developed and mathematically modeled, followed by a comparative analysis of their energy efficiency. As a result, a scheme and operational parameters were selected with the highest electrical efficiency (net), which allows increasing the net efficiency of the NuScale SMR-based power plant from the developers’ announced 28 to 32.8 %. A thermal scheme for the MPP based on the SMR with an energy storage system was proposed. Applying this scheme allows increasing the net efficiency of a power plant based on NuScale SMR in peak mode to 34.8 %. Originality. A concept for creation and schematic solution for a prospective MPP based on an SMR capable of accumulating electrical energy was proposed. The main innovative solution regarding the structure of the technological scheme of the MPP based on the SMR is the organization of its operation in nominal and peak modes, which fundamentally differ in the thermodynamic cycle. In the nominal mode, the steam turbine installation operates on a thermodynamic cycle with steam separation, and in the peak mode without it, by increasing the temperature of fresh steam as a result of burning hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced in an electrolyzer during the power plant’s operation in the nominal mode by using the generated electricity “excess”. Practical value. Small modular reactors are currently mainly in the development stage. Additionally, the non-nuclear part of the SMR-based power plant, namely the STI, has not received sufficient attention, as evidenced by the literature. However, it plays a crucial role in the overall efficiency of the installation. The study focuses on the highly relevant issue of improving the efficiency of an SMR-based power plant by developing the structure of the STI thermal scheme involving hydrogen technologies. This will help reduce dependence on fossil hydrocarbons in the total volume of primary fuel and enable sustainable functioning of the Ukrainian energy system, as well as contribute to the preservation and improvement of the environmental state.

Standardization of Turbine Design and Installation Vessels to Accelerate the Offshore Wind Industry in the United States

Offshore wind energy has gained attention as a promising renewable energy source with many benefits, including clean, sustainable, and scalable electricity production. Despite the vast potential for offshore wind production in the United States, the country lags in its development. The industry struggles with supply chain challenges related to the complex logistics around the design and construction of many component parts, installation and maintenance vessels, and shipyards that can accommodate the massive turbine components before installation. These challenges are complicated by the rapid increase in size of offshore wind turbines to achieve higher power generation, which are not easily handled by other parts of the supply chain. The US lacks access to wind turbine installation vessels (WTIVs), particularly those that can install very large turbines. To address these issues, we propose policy options to the US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management of the Department of Interior and the US Department of Energy to spearhead standardization in this sector of the economy by exploring standardization of maximum turbine size, investment in WTIVs, or allowance of unrestricted or market-driven offshore wind farm development. These options have great potential to enable growth in the offshore wind energy sector in the US and achieve the federal government's goal of 30 GW of offshore wind energy by 2030.

Investigation of the large-diameter monopiles response under flow-controlled loading

The mechanical behavior of monopile support systems for offshore wind turbines under current-induced loads was investigated through numerical simulations. Using the Large Eddy turbulence model, the fluid-structure coupling was analyzed in both unidirectional and bidirectional directions. In the unidirectional coupling, the pressure and velocity profiles of the fluid around the pile were determined. While in the bidirectional coupling, the force distribution, pile displacement, and moment distribution were obtained, along with the current-induced load transmitted from the pile to the soil. The coupling analysis revealed that the fluid flow around the pile exhibited cyclic loading behavior due to the interaction between the fluid and the pile, effectively resulting in an oscillating pile within a steady flow. Additionally, the pile’s stress distribution remained within the tensile yield limit of the steel, indicating a stable state in the fluid-pile model within the given flow conditions. Furthermore, the soil reaction forces obtained from the fluid-pile-soil coupling model validated the accuracy of the current-induced load calculations. This study introduces a novel approach that considers the fluid-pile-soil coupling, offering valuable insights for pile foundation design. The findings of this research have significant engineering implications and practical value, providing a robust foundation for future offshore wind turbine installations.

Sensorless DFIG System Control via an Electromagnetic Torque Based on MRAS Speed Estimator

The main goals of this research are to develop a method for obtaining the rotor position and speed in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) without using sensors in a variable-speed wind turbine installation. The considered method is based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS). According to this method, electromagnetic torque is used as an error variable for the adaptation process in order to refine the estimate. A good assessment is very important when trying to put into place any strategy that can control the behavior of a DFIG. This method of estimation functions by comparing the actual performance of the DFIG with that of a reference model and adjusting the system parameters to reduce any mismatch between the two. One notable advantage of this developed estimator is its stability across a broad range of speeds. Additionally, it is designed to exhibit resilience in the face of uncertainties in machine parameters. The proportional integral (PI) gains for the MRAS estimator are determined via pole placement. To assess and validate the entire DFIG model and the sensorless estimation method, comprehensive simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink.

Optimal potential of cascading the hydro-power energy generation site, with a hydrokinetic turbine generation system. A case study analysis in the Southern African region

The production of hydroelectricity is well-established in many nations worldwide and has a reputation for being resilient, emitting little carbon dioxide, and having a long lifespan. This article begins by examining the hydropower sites capacity in the Southern African region and the potential for generation-site enhancement. The idea is developed from the emergence of new technologies in generating electricity, and the importance of generating more energy in meeting the growing demand. Hence, it is crucial to examine ways to recover the energy that is released shortly after the hydro-turbine rotates when generating energy, hydro flow in the form of kinetic energy of flowing water is released. This article proposes the installation of a hydrokinetic turbine in proximity down flow to the hydro-turbine to recuperate and maximize the surplus energy, using the same water flow. To achieve this goal, a model has been developed with MATLAB-Simulink software, in response to the research gap. This model will calculate the maximum flow rate and, consequently, the optimal location for a turbine in this cascaded configuration. The simulation's results show how adaptable the model is in suggesting a location for the turbine to be placed for maximum power generation. Simulations run in the cascaded hydropower and hydrokinetic setup system, with different scenarios of water volume release from the Dam. As a result, this study provides a sustainable framework for enhancing electricity generation through effective energy recovery while leveraging existing hydropower infrastructure.

Effects of multi-scale turbulent motions on aerodynamic performance of wind turbine under sand-laden conditions

Wind turbine installation in the desert and Gobi regions offers a promising approach for meeting long-term energy demands. However, the effect of multi-scale characteristics in sand-laden atmosphere flows on wind turbine aerodynamic performance has not been evaluated. In this study, wind velocity data collected from the Qingtu Lake Observation Array (QLOA) were employed to address this gap. Results show that up to 58% of the total turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is accounted for by very large-scale motions (VLSMs), which make up a considerable portion of the TKE. The contributions of the large-scale motions (LSMs) and the small-scale motions (SSMs) to TKE are 36% and 6%, respectively. The contribution of multi-scale turbulent motions to the aerodynamic loads of wind turbine under sand-laden conditions has been quantified for the first time. The comparison demonstrates that while LSMs and SSMs exhibit a rapid drop in their contributions to wind turbine loads with height, VLSMs show a rapid increase. Wavelet analysis revealed a strong correlation between VLSMs and power, thrust, and blade root flapwise moment at periods ranging from 256 to 1024 s. This correlation weakens as the streamwise length scale of the turbulent coherent structure decreases. This study provides essential insights for optimizing wind turbine design and site selection in sand-laden environments.

Non-contact electromagnetic control of torsional vibrations of a rigid cylinder

The successful deployment of offshore wind turbines hinges on the installation process, particularly the temporary suspension of the turbine components during assembly. External factors or imbalances in control forces can induce vibrations, emphasizing the need for precise control, especially in the torsional mode, to ensure the delicate alignment required for bolted connections. This paper introduces a contactless technique to control the torsional vibrations of a rigid cylinder using electromagnetic interaction between two magnets, incorporating magnetically-imposed damping and active control algorithms. The magnetically-imposed dissipation is achieved by introducing nonlinear damping into the system, i.e. by controlling the orientation of the field exerted by the electromagnetic actuator. Leveraging the nonlinear coupling of the interaction between the magnets and the modification of the stable equilibrium position, the results show a satisfactory active control performance (low residual error and swift response). The key parameters for control efficiency are identified as the separation distance between the magnets, the fluctuation step of the actuator’s magnetic field, and the magnetically-induced stiffness relative to the inherent stiffness of the system. Consequently, the proposed method lays a promising foundation for a non-contact control technique, particularly valuable in offshore wind turbine installations.

Assessment of forest disturbance and soil erosion in wind farm project using satellite observations

The construction of wind farms, involving road construction and wind turbine installation, severely disrupts natural landscapes. Wind energy expansion in global forested areas has unclear impacts on local forests and ecosystem services. Due to a lack of information on internal road distribution and deployment dates, few studies have assessed forest disturbances caused by wind farms. Environmental issues like vegetation destruction and soil erosion may be overlooked. To address this, we integrated multi-source spaceborne observations to identify deployment dates and road distributions of forest wind farms and mapped related forest disturbances and soil erosion changes. Six global locations were tested, showing over 80 % accuracy. Disturbance intensity ranged from 1.5 to 6.5 ha/MW, with NDVI decreasing by 0.03 to 0.33 in disturbed forest regions. The average soil erosion increase per unit area due to road construction ranged from 24.74 to 274.33 t/hm−1a−1, while wind turbine construction caused an average soil erosion increase ranging from 26.52 to 26.52 to 263.46 t/hm−1a−1. Road construction is the primary cause of forest disturbance, with greater soil erosion increases in mountainous than in plain forests. This method enhances monitoring and understanding of wind farms' environmental impacts.

A hybrid fuzzy logic-based MPPT algorithm for PMSG-based variable speed wind energy conversion system on a smart grid

Recently, wind power has gained popularity as a sustainable energy source. Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) can accept fixed speed and variable speed (VS) operations. VS-WECSs are preferable to conventional WECSs because of their higher electricity collection capacity. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems are essential for maximizing the efficiency of wind energy generation in wind turbine (WT) installations linked to power grids. This study introduces a hybrid fuzzy logic controller-based MPPT (FLC-MPPT) for WTs connected to permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) to accurately determine the maximum power output of WTs. This study employs a three-phase back-to-back converter to link a PMSG to a utility grid. The reference signals for pulse width modulation controllers comprise two-phase system currents. It constructs a converter that can transfer electrical energy in both directions using insulated-gate bipolar transistor technology and is powered by a battery. The machine-side converter uses model predictive control for the present control loop. Given the generator’s susceptibility to changes in wind conditions, this factor is of the utmost importance. A WT simulation was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink and an FLC methodology was employed. The model used a PMSG. Measurements of rotor speed, power, induced voltage, and current were taken in relation to variations in wind speed. The simulation results show that the FLC-MPPT can maximize the output power over a wide range of wind speeds with a higher efficiency of 92.6% and performance of 95.7%.