Street Lighting Installations Research Articles

Implementation of Road Equipment Installation in South Sumatera Province (Case Study of Installation of Street Lighting Equipment on the Betung – BTS Section, Palembang City)

Road infrastructure plays a pivotal role in the development and functionality of urban areas, and installing road equipment, such as street lighting, is crucial for ensuring safety and accessibility. This study focuses on the implementation of road equipment installation, with a specific case study of installing street lighting equipment on the Betung – BTS section in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province. The research employs a comprehensive approach, combining technical assessments, project management analysis, and stakeholder engagement evaluations. It examines the planning and design phases of the street lighting installation, considering factors such as traffic patterns, safety requirements, and energy efficiency. The study also investigates the procurement process for the equipment, including vendor selection, quality control, and cost management. Furthermore, the research evaluates the installation process, including on-site challenges, coordination among involved parties, and adherence to established timelines. The effectiveness of the installed street lighting equipment in enhancing road safety and urban aesthetics is assessed through field observations and community feedback. The findings of this study aim to provide insights into the best practices and challenges encountered during the implementation of road equipment projects, mainly focusing on street lighting in the Betung – BTS section. Recommendations derived from the research contribute to optimizing future road equipment installations in South Sumatra Province, emphasizing the importance of efficient project management, technical considerations, and community engagement in achieving sustainable and safe urban infrastructure development.

Illuminating the Future: Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Installation of LED Street Lights in Townships

Municipalities face decisions about maintaining and upgrading their streetlighting. Do they continue to replace bulbs in their existing lighting systems, or move to energy-efficient systems piecemeal or all at once? This research paper argues that the financial and environmental benefits of a complete shift to efficient Light Emitting Diode (LED) fixtures make the investment worthwhile. Analysis of data from Tredyffrin Township in southeastern Pennsylvania, that is currently making the switch to LED lighting systems, supports the conclusion that committing to one-time full replacement can maximize energy savings and that the issuance of green bonds, over standard municipal bonds, for financing is both viable and advantageous as it can lead to additional savings and budget surplus. Despite a higher initial investment, the extended lifespan of LED lights, compared with Mercury Vapor (MV) lamps, drastically lowers maintenance and replacement costs, leading to considerable long-term savings. By using green bonds, a financing instrument made available for environmentally beneficial projects, a municipality's financing costs can be kept low and large projects can be undertaken, for the fullest financial and environmental benefit.

Public Street Lighting Monitoring System Uses Telegram-Based Application Wireless Sensor Network

Public Street Lighting (PJU) usually operates all night until early morning without a remote device to adjust the conditions. In monitoring the PJU lights, the officers are still carrying out their duties manually by visiting the place. This study aims to build a PJU monitoring system tool by utilizing the NodeMCU ESP32 as a microcontroller and a wifi module, which will later send notifications via the Telegram Bot. This system uses the ACS712 current sensor to detect the value of the current flowing in public street lighting installations, the VDC voltage sensor to detect the voltage value, and the LDR sensor to detect light. The read data will be processed by ESP32, which will then be sent to the Telegram Bot. The result of this study is a PJU monitoring tool. With this tool, officers can remotely monitor the PJU lights' condition. The Telegram bot will send notification messages to officers at 07.00 and 19.00. In addition, officers can ask about the state of the lights by instructing "cek pju" to the Telegram Bot. The system has been successfully implemented and operates normally and optimally, demonstrating its efficacy in practical testing

Analisa Sistem Penerangan Lampu Jalan Di Desa Kenten Laut Banyuasin

In evaluating street lighting systems, the main factors are safety, comfort, and beauty for road users who must receive special attention. Street lighting is very useful at night or during dark conditions such as rain or cloudiness. Therefore, the authors evaluate the street lamp lighting system on the street .A.Nakowi .No17.Rt14 in the village of KentenLaut. From the results obtained, the length of the road is 240 meters with a road width of 4 meters for the calculation of the installation of street lights based on the reality in the field by taking into account road conditions and road classification. The lamp used is SON-T 150W, after an evaluation, the street lamp lighting system on the street. A.Nakowi.No17..Rt14.In the village of KentenLaut does not meet the standards, so the street lamps in the village of KentenLaut must be repaired or replaced with lamps so that the lighting can match the standard of street lamp lighting, the standard of good street lamp lighting is 20 lux so that road users feel comfortable with bright lighting.

Evaluation of LED Luminaire Utilizatıon in Road Lighting Installations in Terms of Electrical Energy Qualty

In this study, three roads with M2 lighting class, which are currently illuminated with high pressure sodium lamp (HPSL) luminaires, in three different provinces of Turkey (Samsun, Trabzon, Denizli) were selected as pilot roads. The lighting quality values of the existing HPSL luminaire installations and the new LED installations are measured by a luminance meter and electrical energy quality values like the active, reactive power, current, voltage and the power factor, odd current and voltage harmonics, and the total harmonic distortion values of the current and voltage are measured with an energy analyser. The measurement results of the illumination and electrical quality values determined for the luminaires with HPLS and LED after conversion. Evaluations were made for 100 % working status of LED luminaires, M2, M3, and M4 lighting classes depending on the automation system.

Implementasi Light Emitting Diode Sebagai Penerangan Jalan Umum Yang Hemat Daya

Public street lighting, also known as street lighting, refers to the outdoor lighting systems used to illuminate public roads. An effective street lighting system plays a crucial role in enhancing safety and security for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists by providing improved visibility of the road and surrounding terrain during nighttime hours. The primary focus in street lighting planning is on economic factors. An analysis of light sources has highlighted the economic advantages of utilizing light emitting diodes for public street lighting. This choice proves to be more efficient when implemented in a sustainable manner. The installation of public street lighting can be the optimal solution to address the issue of inadequate lighting in the village of Pedurenan Gunung Sindur Bogor, ensuring enhanced comfort and security during nighttime activities. The lighting installation process commences with a thorough examination of the site, followed by diligently arranging and design of the electrical installations for the lighting system. Finally, the planned design was carried out and implemented. The implementation of public street lighting is a collaborative effort between college students and youth residents in the village. The outcome of this community service initiative is the implementation of public street lighting installations that offer optimal illumination, ensuring the convenience and safety for all people accessing the roads.

Audit of road lighting installation as a tool to improve energy intensity - case study

Audit of road lighting installation as a tool to improve energy intensity - case study

The Photometric Test Distance in Luminance Measurement of Light-Emitting Diodes in Road Lighting

Over the last few years, light-emitting diodes have completely dominated the lighting field. In road lighting, high-power LEDs have replaced traditional light sources. That is why various technical aspects of LEDs have been researched extensively worldwide. However, little research has been conducted in the area of luminance measurement. This paper reviews the methods for measuring the luminance of high-power LEDs. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the measurement distance on the measurement results. Next, the results of the tests using a modern image luminance measuring device (ILMD) for luminance measurements are presented. It is concluded that it is necessary to redefine the photometric test distance. The conducted research demonstrates that an incorrectly selected test distance can lead to the huge errors of several hundred per cent or more. In addition, the possible impact of the incorrect measurements on the design of road lighting installations is presented. It is shown that a road lighting installation can use over 300% more electrical energy compared to the installation based on the correct luminance measurements of single LEDs. In the final stage of the research, the definition of the photometric test distance for LED measurements using ILMD is proposed. The results of the research can also be useful for the luminance measurements of other types of LEDs.

Drivers of Human Activities Carried Out in Urban Green Spaces of Dandora Estates, Nairobi County

Green spaces are becoming a dwindling resource in the urban areas of many developing countries where unprecedented rapid urbanization is taking place. The serene and quite areas of the urban environment are being depleted with ever-increased human interference even in the protected areas. The case of Dandora Estates of Nairobi County, which this paper focuses on, presents an interesting diversity of activities that have invaded the otherwise aesthetic and beautiful scene of the urban space, and the situation could be worsened if drastic actions are not taken. This paper dwells on the human activities that dominate the urban green spaces of Dandora, as well as the drivers of them being undertaken there. It brings out these activities in by engaging with the household heads and those found undertaking activities within the UGS. The results show that 84% of the residents who visit UGS in Dandora were driven by; affordability (absence of entry charges). 16% of the residents who do not visit UGS are driven away by majorly due to the insecurity in the area. The finding established that there are several human activities that are practised in and around green spaces in Dandora. They were categorized into three, social, economic, and environmental activities. The study recommended the following: Development of UGS policy and management plans. There is a need to develop an effective and articulate UGS policy framework and management plans for UGS planning, governance and management that will be reviewed and updated after every 3-5 years; Development of UGS policies, regulations, and standards; The county government in collaboration with the police department should invest in enhancing and providing security through installation of street lights in order to prevent crimes

“Think Big and Seek Revelation”

“Think Big and Seek Revelation”

Study on the Power Quality of LED Street Luminaires

The paper analyses the power-quality effects of connecting LED luminaires to street lighting installations. The power quality impact of LED luminaires and the implementation of smart control systems are discussed. Several power-quality measurements have been performed to determine the effect of connecting multiple LED luminaires to the electrical power network. Three LED street lighting systems were selected, each equipped only with LED luminaires of different power ratings and numbers, produced by different manufacturers. The measurements were performed at the lighting connection box, and the results are presented and discussed for each case.

Effective Control of Road Luminaires—A Case Study on an Example of a Selected City in Poland

According to various estimates, street lighting in Poland consumes between 1.500 and 2.500 GWh per year and is responsible for some greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation. Also on the basis of estimates, it is estimated that approximately 3.3 million road and street luminaires are used in Poland. The increase in electricity costs, on the one hand, and the technical possibilities in the field of lighting, on the other, force the search for new solutions aimed at saving during the operation of electrical devices and installations, including road lighting installations. One of the methods of saving electricity is to replace the luminaires with energy-saving ones with LED sources, but also with new sodium and metal halide sources. The latter solution is cheaper and allows us to keep existing poles, electrical installation and luminaire heads if their technical parameters have not been degraded. The new and already used luminaires with discharge sources can be used in road lighting, provided that they meet the requirements of Polish law and the EU regulations. Like luminaires with LED sources, they can have an adjustable value of the emitted luminous flux, which allows us to save electricity. One of the methods of saving electricity in road installations is their effective lighting control. Such control can take place at very different levels, from the manual setting of the required light intensity using dimmers to full automation taking into account other factors influencing the operation of the road lighting system, e.g., time of day, intensity of external light, presence of road users, weather conditions and others. The article describes both of the above-mentioned methods, describing their advantages and disadvantages on the basis of actual measurements of working road installations, and analyzes the annual operation of a modernized road lighting installation with automatic lighting control in one of the selected cities in Poland.

Comparison of energy efficiency and costs related to conventional and LED road lighting installations

Comparison of conventional (usually high-pressure sodium (HPS)) and LED luminaires in street/road lighting is not often based on photometrically equivalent lighting solutions and/or correct economic analysis, which may lead to either overestimation or underestimation of savings of any kind. Therefore, this paper presents a correct methodology for the determination of actual energy efficiency and cost indicators in street/road lighting. Both neutral white (NW) and warm white (WW) LEDs, all relevant street/road lighting classes and pole layouts were considered. Analyzing optimal lighting solutions, characterized by the lowest installed power, it was shown that when considering mesopic effects the average energy savings achieved comparing LED (NW and WW) with HPS lighting solutions amounted to 41–62% and 29–59%, respectively, while the ratio between the total costs of the comparable LED (NW and WW) and HPS lighting solutions belonged to the ranges 0.59–1.26 and 0.61–1.14, respectively. An expanded sensitivity analysis of the costs, carried out considering not only the usually taken discount and electricity cost rates, but also the LED package lifetime, showed that the last only slightly influences the total costs. The effects of the use of more efficient LED packages expected in the near future were also analyzed.

Beam controlled lighting design: An approach towards optimization of road lighting design

LED based street lighting has been introduced everywhere for energy saving aspect. The Optical Control of LED is very much possible with change of beam angles. This beam-angle based switching of LED based street lighting installations is a new area to be explored. Global research says LED is an energy saving light source. But during low or off traffic hours, portion of LED arrays of a luminaires may be switched on/off on the basis of beam-angle. The light level is reduced. The ‘beam-angle switching’definitely ensures energy saving, but the investigation of the human performance under this condition is also necessary. There is no such evidence available in favour of the effectiveness of ‘beam-angle switching’ on human performance. In this paper an experimentation based studies have been conducted to identify the driver’s response during the object detection under different lighting conditions as PRO, COUNTER and FULL GLOW of a LED luminaire. The visibility study has been carried out in a simulated road to prove the effectiveness of this beam-angle based switching from the human performance as well as energy saving point of view.

Experimental Outdoor Public Lighting Installation Powered by a Hydraulic Turbine Installed in the Municipal Water Supply Network

Sustainability and energy prices make the use of energy obtained from renewable sources on an urban scale and for isolated local facilities necessary for municipal authorities. Moreover, when the demand of energy is at night, as for street lighting installations, the use of accumulative systems is necessary, which means a major drawback due to a short lifetime expectancy and high cost. The use of batteries can require more than 70% of the budget of these lighting systems and has a critical impact in the project. The problem to solve is finding different renewable energy sources that can produce energy throughout the day, especially during the night, at the same time at which it is consumed. As one of the competences of municipal authorities is water supply networks, this paper analyzes the use of energy recovery turbines within these installations as an alternative to photovoltaic generators. To study the viability and effectiveness of this alternative, the water flows available in the network of a medium-size municipality were monitored and analyzed in depth to assess the amount of recoverable energy. In addition, an energy recovery turbine (ERT) station was set up, installing a bypass around one of the pressure-reducing valves (PRV) of the installation where energy is dissipated without practical use. The results obtained imply that the system proposed has economical and technical viability, is reliable and guarantees full service in all the seasons’ conditions. Moreover, the needs of the energy storage capacity are much lower (~8%) than with solar panels.

A new approach to calculating energy performance indicators of road lighting

• The introduction of new energy performance indicators of road lighting. • The presentation of energy performance indicators as vectors in Cartesian space. • The usefulness presentation of novel energy performance indicators of road lighting. One of the aims of the modernization of the existing road lighting installations is to improve their energy efficiency. EN 13,201–5 standard introduces energy performance indicators for road lighting installations which only take into account active power. Real installations of road lighting do not only experience active power flow, but also reactive power and distortion power flows. This is due to the non-linear current-voltage characteristics of luminaires. Moreover, the use of LED technology has changed the power factor of a luminaire from inductive to capacitive. The paper proposes the introduction of new energy performance indicators: the reactive power density indicator D Q , the annual reactive energy consumption indicator D EQ , the distortion power density indicator D H and the annual distortion energy consumption indicator D EH . The energy performance indicator D P and the new D Q and D H indicators can be presented as coordinates in the Cartesian space in the form of a vector which is interpreted as an indicator of the total energy performance. The use of the proposed indicators in the road lighting design will enable the selection of the best lighting design variant in terms of the electrical power quality, especially if the compared luminaires have a similar or identical active power.

Autonomous Photovoltaic LED Urban Street Lighting: Technical, Economic, and Social Viability Analysis Based on a Case Study

This paper analyzes the technical and economic viability and sustainability of urban street lighting installation projects using equipment powered by photovoltaic (PV) energy. First, a description of the state-of-the-art of the technology is performed, studying the components involved in solar LED luminaires for street lighting application and examples of autonomous PV systems installed in different countries. Later, a case study a based on a renovation project of the street lighting installation at a 5000-inhabitant municipality in Lanzarote (Spain) is presented. Two alternatives are analyzed: underground channeling of the previous aerial electrical grid and the installation of LED luminaires, and, on the other hand, the installation of autonomous LED solar luminaires. Simulations concluded that a PV lighting installation proposal guarantees the existing M3 lighting requirements (EN 13201-2:2015) and represents a saving in the material execution budget of 43.78% with respect to the channeled power grid option. Finally, a statistical study has been carried out to assess the social acceptance of Spanish citizens of this autonomous PV technology in urban environments. This considers strengths and weakness of the technology: sustainability, robustness, visual impact, or risk of vandalism. In general, most subjects of all age segments are aware of the problem that means having aerial wiring running at facades (95%) and considers the use of PV in urban lighting sustainable (88%). However, 47% of those surveyed consider that shutdowns due to lack of energy harvesting is problematic and 17% consider this very problematic. This major drawback (visual impact of PV equipment is mostly evaluated as neutral) gives rise to social reluctance, especially in people younger than 50 who remarked this as more problematic than senior segments. Thus, guaranteed operational service is fundamental to have social agreement for PV technology implementation.

Evaluation of Street Lighting Efficiency Using a Mobile Measurement System

The issue concerns the initial stage of work on a method for performing a rapid assessment of the energy efficiency and illuminance of a street lighting installation. The proposed method is based on simultaneous measurement of illuminance from three lux meters placed on the roof of the vehicle. The data are acquired in road traffic, while the vehicle is driving. The proposed solution will allow in the future to quickly and reproducibly obtain data about the lighting parameters of the studied road section. The illumination values are localised using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Based on the collected measurement data, with the use of terrain maps, geographic information system (GIS) data and installation design documentation, it will be possible to determine in detail the parameters of energy efficiency indicators for a selected section of the street for the entire street according to the EN13201-5 standard. Preliminary tests were conducted on a section of about one kilometer of street illuminated in class C3. Detailed measurements reveal high variation of obtained energy indicators DP and DE for each road section. The reason for this condition is the variation of power, installation geometry and the presence of obstacles to light.

Application of reactive power compensation algorithm for large-scale street lighting

LED-based street and road lighting installations generate reactive power, particularly when they are dynamically dimmed. It contributes to power loss and efficiency reduction of the grid. Reactive power can be compensated by installing additional dynamically connected inductors in lighting control cabinets. However such an approach significantly increases the cost of the lighting infrastructure. The goal of this paper is to propose another, low cost approach to reactive power compensation for dynamically dimmed lighting installations. It is based on connecting fixed settings inductors at lighting control cabinets. The inductors settings are calculated by the proposed algorithm for city-scale lighting systems. A synthetic benchmark example with 798 circuits and 14,019 luminaires confirms its applicability. The algorithm objective is to completely eliminate capacitive reactive power and to keep inductive reactive power within acceptable limits. It is an extended version of the ICCS 2020 paper [9].

Voltage distortion in LED street lighting installations

The paper considers two power quality issues: voltage distortion and voltage drop along the pole lines of different LED street (road) lighting installations. The research includes three parts: (1) development of a novel model and the corresponding software for calculating voltage harmonics in the three-phase LED street lighting installations, where the load is nonsymmetrical and nonlinear. The model is based on the application of symmetrical components and the impedance per phase model. (2) Experiments on two sections of a pilot street lighting installation, one with 6 poles with neutral white and the other with 5 poles with warm white LED luminaires (the former were with conventional, and the latter with improved drivers regarding harmonic emissions). Their results were used to define harmonic characteristics of the LED luminaires and validate the model. (3) The developed software was applied to four typical street (road) lighting installations, two with a single-sided and two with a central pole layout. The major outcome was the determination of the maximum permissible number of the LED luminaires which can be connected to the feeding cable without exceeding any of the limits related to voltage drop, total voltage harmonic distortion and individual voltage harmonics in either the full or reduced street lighting regimes.