Installation Of Photovoltaic Panels Research Articles

The Simultaneous Impacts of Seasonal Weather and Solar Conditions on PV Panels Electrical Characteristics

Solar energy usage is thriving day by day. These solar panels are installed to absorb solar energy and produce electrical energy. As a result, the efficiency of solar panels depends on different environmental factors, namely, air temperature, dust (aerosols and accumulated dust), and solar incidence, and photovoltaic panel angles. The effects of real conditions factors on power and efficiency of photovoltaic panels are studied in this paper through testing the panel in real environmental tests. To study the mentioned parameters precisely, two panels with different angles are used. The case study is regarding a region of Tehran, Iran, in summer and winter seasons. The results show that panel efficiency during winter is higher than summer due to air temperature decrement. It is discovered that among air pollutants, Al and Fe have the most share in polluting the air that affect the photovoltaic efficiency. Moreover, measuring the accumulated dust on the panels shows more amount in winter in comparison with summer. The important point in studying the effect of tilt angle is that inconformity between solar incidence and photovoltaic panel angles would result in solar radiation absorption and eventually panel efficiency loss and also, photovoltaic panel installation angle would affect the amount of dust deposited on its surface.

Energy Performance Optimization of a House with Grid-Connected Rooftop PV Installation and Air Source Heat Pump

The use of air source heat pump systems for space heating and cooling is a convenient retrofitting strategy for reducing building energy costs. This can be combined with the rooftop installation of photovoltaic panels, which can cover, to a significant degree—or even significantly exceed the building’s electricity needs, moving towards the zero energy building concept. Alternatively, increased capacity for rooftop photovoltaic (PV) installation may support the ongoing process of transforming the Greek power system away from the reliance on fossil fuels to potentially become one of the leaders of the energy transition in Europe by 2030. Standard building energy simulation tools allow good assessment of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and PV systems’ interactions in transient operation. Further, their use enables the rational sizing and selection of the type of panels type for the rooftop PV installation to maximize the return on investment. The annual performance of a three-zone residential building in Volos, Greece, with an air-to-water heat pump HVAC system and a rooftop PV installation, are simulated in a TRNSYS environment. The simulation results are employed to assess the expected building energy performance with a high performance, inverter driven heat pump with scroll compressor and high efficiency rooftop PV panels. Further, the objective functions are developed for the optimization of the installed PV panels’ area and tilt angle, based on alternative electricity pricing and subsidies. The methodology presented can be adapted to optimize system design parameters for variable electricity tariffs and improve net metering policies.

Capturing Spatio-Temporal Dependencies in the Probabilistic Forecasting of Distribution Locational Marginal Prices

This article presents a new spatio-temporal framework for the day-ahead probabilistic forecasting of Distribution Locational Marginal Prices (DLMPs). The approach relies on a recurrent neural network, whose architecture is enriched by introducing a deep bidirectional variant designed to capture the complex time dynamics in multi-step forecasts. In order to account for nodal price differentiation (arising from grid constraints) within a procedure that is scalable to large distribution systems, nodal DLMPs are predicted individually by a single model guided by a generic representation of the grid. This strategy offers the additional benefit to enable cold-start forecasting for new nodes with no history. Indeed, in case of topological changes, e.g., building of a new home or installation of photovoltaic panels, the forecaster intrinsically leverages the statistical information learned from neighbouring nodes to predict the new DLMP, without needing any modification of the tool. The approach is evaluated, along with several other methods, on a radial low voltage network. Outcomes highlight that relying on a compact model is a key component to boost its generalization capabilities in high-dimensionality, while indicating that the proposed tool is effective for both temporal and spatial learning.

Komparativna analiza tehničkih, ekonomskih i ekoloških pokazatelja različitih modela prozjumera sa fotonaponskim panelima na primeru zgrade Tehničkih fakulteta u Beogradu

The paper analyses different prosumer models with photovoltaic (PV) panels as local sources of electricity. The calculations were performed on the example of the building of the Technical Faculties in Belgrade, for which data on consumption and available roof surfaces for the installation of photovoltaic panels were available. The analyses included three models of prosumers. The first model assumes that the maximum available power of the PV panel production does not exceed the corresponding power consumption. The second model assumes that the maximum available power of PV panel production can be higher than the peak power of the building, but the production is limited by prohibiting counter flow of power. The third model assumes that the installed power of the PV panels is equal to the approved power, whereby it is assumed that the user distributes excess energy to the distribution network. For all analysed models, the calculation of the installed power of PV panels and inverters was performed, as well as the economic valorization through various indicators. The optimal models were considered based on the obtained calculation results and carbon dioxide emission reduction was calculated for each of the solution. It has been shown that investing in prosumers designed according to the optimal first and second model is already profitable in Serbia, while to encourage the development of prosumers according to the third model, it is necessary for the government to create appropriate financial instruments.

Analiza poprawności montażu paneli słonecznych dla systemów IoT

The article considers the impact of the building and roof structures on the efficiency of obtaining electricity from photovoltaic panels. Meteorological and astronomical data were also taken into account. The result of the analysis on the basis of installations in single-family houses was used as a base for installations in IoT systems. In addition, mechanical installation of photovoltaic panels for measuring systems in island configuration will be considered. The article was written as a part of Statutory Work 1115538-173.

Tolerance angle concept and formula for practical optimal orientation of photovoltaic panels

Optimization of photovoltaic (PV) panel orientation is a significant part of economic evaluation. However, designing a PV system according to only one theoretical optimal orientation is challenging. Installing a PV panel at a specific orientation can cause low economic efficiency, depending on the features of the area. Therefore, in this study, a new term—the tolerance angle—is introduced for quantitatively analyzing the tolerance of the optimal orientation. This term provides a range for the optimal panel orientation according to the target loss and can be used in decision making for practical optimization of PV panel orientation. The validation of the assumption in the definition and calculation model for the tolerance angle is presented and analyzed. Additionally, a simple calculation formula for the theoretical optimal orientation and tolerance angle is derived. The formula can be used in practical applications without complex calculations or considerable data. The tolerance angle is useful in many practical applications, including sites with restrictions. The results of this study are expected to enhance the practicality of panel orientation optimization and thereby improve actual PV panel installation.

PENGARUH SUHU PADA DAYA KELUARAN MODUL FOTOVOLTAIK DENGAN PENAMBAHAN REFLEKTOR DI SAMARINDA

The heat that occurs in photovoltaic modules is significantly affected by environmental conditions and the installation of photovoltaic panels. The addition of a reflector can increase surface temperature and further increase output power. In general, the high working temperature in photovoltaics can reduce the value of output power production. However, there were two phenomena when testing in Samarinda, which are 7th- and 8th phenomena. The 7th phenomenon occurs when the surface temperature rises, the output power will rise. Meanwhile, the 8th phenomenon happens when the surface temperature rises, the output power decreases. The distribution pattern of these phenomenon shows that the 7th phenomenon occurs twenty times, while the eighth phenomenon occurs twenty-five times with an even distribution pattern. Moreover, the 8th phenomenon is more common than the 7th phenomenon during five days of observation.

A parametric method using vernacular urban block typologies for investigating interactions between solar energy use and urban design

Building geometries strongly constrain the on-site solar energy use. In this work, solar energy use is measured by solar energy penetration and capital costs for the photovoltaic panel installations. This work provides a novel typological method for investigating interactions between solar energy use and urban design. Compared to other studies using typological methods, this work uses a typological method that highlights both computational efficiency and relevance to the vernacular contexts. Typical vernacular block typologies are formulated using a case study of built urban form featuring various combinations of block dimensions, building patterns, floor area ratios, and site coverage. We develop the Urban Block Generator, a tool to parametrically model such block typologies in Rhino/Grasshopper. We assess the solar energy penetration and the capital costs for these block typologies using the Urban Block Generator and the City Energy Analyst, an urban energy modeling and simulation program. We demonstrate this workflow on a case study in Singapore formulating 18 vernacular block typologies. The results are discussed and interpreted into urban design options and suggestions on various urban design parameters for different main driving forces, either maximizing the solar energy use or achieving a certain floor area ratio.

Bi-Level Optimization of the Energy Recovery System from Internal Combustion Engines of a Cruise Ship

In recent years, ship builders and owners have to face a great effort to develop new design and management methodologies that lead to a reduction in consumption and emissions during the operation of the fleet. In the present study, the optimization of an on-board energy system of a large cruise ship is performed, both in terms of energy and of the overall dimensions of the system, while respecting the environmental constraint. In the simulation, a variable number of identical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)/Stirling units is considered as an energy recovery system, bottoming the main internal combustion engines, possibly integrating with the installation of photovoltaic panels, solar thermal collectors, absorption refrigeration machines and thermal storages. The optimization takes into account the effective optimal management of the energy system, which is different according to the different design choices of the energy recovery system. Two typical cruises are considered (summer and winter). To reduce the computational effort for the solution of the problem, a bi-level strategy has been developed, which prescribes managing the binary choice variables expressing the existence or not of the components by means of an evolutionary algorithm, while all the remaining choice variables are obtained by a mixed-integer linear programming model of the system (MILP) algorithm. The entire procedure can be defined within the commercial software modeFRONTIER®.

End-of-life solar photovoltaic e-waste assessment in India: a step towards a circular economy

In the recent past, technological advances in the solar photovoltaic (PV) sector have accelerated, leading to managerial problems for the end-of-life (EOL) disposal of solar photovoltaic e-waste. Developed countries have initiated management systems while India is presently in the photovoltaic panel installation stage, with no concrete strategy to manage the resulting e-waste. This study undertakes an assessment of the magnitude of the issue in India, using a forecasting model that projects the amount of waste generated by EOL solar PV panels and its balance of system (BOS) using Weibull reliability function for panel failure. The study also estimates the amount of raw material recovered after recycling to contribute to the circular economy of EOL PV. In the study, an empirical estimation shows that solar PV installations in India will generate 347.5 GW by 2030. The model evaluates that between 2020 and 2047, about 2.95 billion tonnes of e-waste will be generated in India from solar PV systems, including critical metals worth 645 trillion USD, of which 70% (worth 452 trillion USD) can be recovered using state-of-the-art recycling technology. The present study sheds light on maximizing resource efficiency, by creating facilities for a circular economy-based supply chain to handle the massive e-waste generated by solar PV panels in India.

Converters for Photovoltaic Panels

In recent years, we have witnessed a growing interest in “green energy”. Numerous applications are offered that make it possible to obtain energy from freely available sources, among which photovoltaic panel installations are the most popular ones. Their prices have become so affordable that they are oftentimes installed even in small summer houses. When building such systems, it is important to understand the specific nature of the energy source - a photovoltaic panel or a turbine. One should also bear in mind the challenges faced by the manufacturers of devices powered from such sources.

Eligibility Study on Floating Solar Panel Installation over Brackish Water in Sungsang, South Sumatra

Electric generation using the photovoltaic (PV) effect is considered ideal in South Sumatra as a response to the government policy to increase the utilization of renewable energy to support the depletion of conventional energy. PV panels can be installed in a fishing village in the Sungsang Estuary. This paper examined the eligibility analysis for the installation of PV panels on brackish water. In this research, two Panels are installed, the first one is floating over a water body, and the second is ground mounted as a comparison of electricity produced and efficiency. The Jsc floating and ground mounting differ in 0.4435 A. The measured Jload in floating PV panels is 0.3900 A higher than the ground mounting. The measured Voc at the floating PV panels is 0.2935 V higher, and the Vload of the floating PV panel is 3.0742 V higher than the ground mount. The differences are due to the floating PV panel surface temperature being lower than ground mounting. Electricity generated by floating PV panels is averagely 11.89 Watt higher, and the efficiency is 4% higher than that of ground installation. This experiment also shows that PV panels can be installed over brackish water in the fishing village of Sungsang Estuary.

A matheuristic for a bi-objective demand-side optimization for cooperative smart homes

This paper proposes the demand-side management (C-DSM) of collaborative homes during one day. Some homes may have photovoltaic panels and batteries, other homes may have batteries, and the remaining homes are pure energy consumers. Homes are interconnected and connected to the main grid. The proposed C-DSM is formulated as a constrained bi-objective and mixed-integer linear optimization model with one objective related to the total net energy cost and the other related to discomfort caused by allowing flexibility of controllable loads within an acceptable comfort range. A matheuristic approach has been proposed to determine an efficient Pareto set for the problem, combining the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) with an exact solver. In this approach, discrete decision variables are represented as partial chromosomes and an exact solver determines the continuous decision variables in an optimal way. A number of simulations are performed and compared with the weighted sum algorithm (WSA) under four cases for small to large number of homes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of power cooperation among homes and show that our algorithm is able to obtain more Pareto solutions in a much shorter time that are far better than those obtained by the WSA. The proposed algorithm is suitable for large-sized C-DSM problem instances, promotes power cooperation between homes, reduces the dependency to the main grid and achieves individual fairness of energy net cost of each home without the need for installation of photovoltaic panels and batteries for all homes.

Development and prioritization of renewable energy scenarios using SWOT-FANP methodology

The main goal of this paper is to develop and prioritize renewable energy scenarios for electricity production. The model proposed in the paper was applied on the example of the municipality of Strpce, enclave in south Kosovo**. The model consists out of three phases, and the decision-making and planning process involves a group of decision makers, i.e. selected experts and stakeholders. In the first phase, a group of decision makers, using a collaborative planning method and Homer pro software, defined eight renewable energy scenarios based on renewable energy potentials and electricity demand in Strpce. In the second phase, a group of decision makers, using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, defined a total of 22 criteria to evaluate scenarios. Finally, in the third phase, a group of decision makers used fuzzy analytical network process methodology to prioritize scenarios. Results show that a scenario that includes installation of photovoltaic panels in Strpce households to cover 50% of the electricity demand is first ranked. The proposed model has a universal character which means that it can be applied in other municipalities/cities and regions. Also, the model enables collaborative planning through the inclusion of different stakeholders whose number and type can be adjusted according to the subject/area of research.

LSTM-RNN 기반 태양광 발전량 추정을 통한 고속도로 주변부 태양광발전 시설의 적지 선별 기술

LSTM-RNN 기반 태양광 발전량 추정을 통한 고속도로 주변부 태양광발전 시설의 적지 선별 기술

Studies and Research on Designing Mechanisms for Over-Ground Multifunctional Parks

This work deals with the need and possibility of building car parks in Bucharest above Dâmbovița River. They included analyses referring to the evolution of the number of existing vehicles in Bucharest, an analysis of the number of vehicles in Bucharest, as compared to other European capitals, and also certain elements leading to the possibility and profitability of building a car park above Dâmbovița River. As a result of impact studies and research on overland parking over the Dambovita river, it was concluded that the most popular solution of respondents would be a parking equipped with a smart boarding system, built on a round platform and metal frame. A photovoltaic-panel installation can be used in parallel to supply electricity with renewable energy(sunlight). The protection of the structures exposed to the risk of earthquake is based on the three fundamental operational modes: insulation, connection, dissipation of energy The parking is protected against earthquake using the method of design/consolidation by insulating the base.

An agent-based approach to study the diffusion rate and the effect of policies on joint placement of photovoltaic panels and green roof under climate change uncertainty

As two of the highest trending green technologies, photovoltaic panels and green roofs are proven to be effective practices for energy generation and energy saving. The achievable impact from the widespread installation of such technologies is, however, not clearly established. This is mainly because the degree of this impact highly depends on the inherently uncertain environmental and climate factors, as well as the unknown adoption rates of these technologies, which in turn depend on different characteristics of decision makers and interactions among them. To that end, this study aims to investigate the diffusion rate of these green technologies under uncertainties caused by climate change, characteristics of adopters, and their interactions. An integrated framework is developed to capture the interplay between financial and attitudinal aspects, as well as the uncertainties due to both the stochastic nature of system parameters and the interactions among agents involving human beings. Specifically, this framework consists of a integer programming model to optimize the green roof and/or photovoltaic panel installation settings for a given building under climate change uncertainty, and an agent-based model to factor in the role of human behavior and interactions. A case study for the city of Knoxville, TN, is presented to evaluate the effects of different policies on the diffusion rate of the green technologies of interest. The results show that the affordability of green technologies and public awareness are the key drivers of the adoption of these technologies, which highlight the important role of the decision makers in impacting the diffusion rate.

Renewable energy projects assessment using economic criteria

Unstable electricity supply is a major challenge for Kosovo* and especially for Serb-majority communities. Renewable energy may represent one of the possible solutions to improve the energy security of those areas. Therefore, the municipality of Štrpce was selected as the research area of the paper, and it is located in the south of Kosovo* . However, renewable energy potentials have not been sufficiently explored and specific projects are not proposed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to define renewable energy projects. Based on renewable energy potential and electricity consumption in Štrpce, a set of 8 renewable energy potential projects has been defined using Homer pro software. However, the problem that arises is the choice of an adequate alternative on the basis of economic criteria. Six criteria were selected for the evaluation of renewable energy projects. To assess criteria analytical hierarchy process is employed. The highest priority was given to the criterion energy sold (0.280) while the top-ranked project is refer to installation of photovoltaic panels in households to cover 50% of energy needs while the rest is taken from the grid (0.222). In future research, in addition to used economic criteria, other groups of criteria such as technical, environmental and socio-political should be analyzed.

Analiza kapaciteta i uslova izgradnje fotonaponskih sistema na krovovima školskih objekata u Srbiji

School and school gym buildings represent a relevant potential for construction of photovoltaic panels, to be integrated into roofs of these buildings. Given that roof structures are passive, construction of photovoltaic systems does not interfere with the building functionality, does not it in any way adversely affect the environment. Installation of photovoltaic systems on building roofs brings the production and consumption of electricity closest possible, therefore such systems ensure significant reduction in power losses in transmission and distribution grids. In addition to locally produced electricity, construction of photovoltaic systems on the school buildings’ roofs produces an educational effect as well. By installing a measuring and acquisition system which would include the measuring data on the photovoltaic power plant production parameters and school electricity consumption into school labs, technology would be closer to students, as well as possibilities to meet the demand for electricity from this basic renewable energy source. This paper presents the results of evaluations of the available roof surfaces of school buildings in Serbia for the photovoltaic panels installation. For each category of school building, an estimate of possible annual production per unit of average roof area was made. Summarizing all the results, estimates of possible installed capacity and annual electricity production for different scenarios are given.

El potencial de tres energías renovables en la Amazonía

Las energías renovables que se encuentran en recursos o fenómenos naturales en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana son una base fundamental del desarrollo sostenible de la región y del país. Mediante el estudio de las tecnologías de energías renovables se orienta el diseño de centrales energéticas para casas, comunidades hasta pueblos lo que sirve para aumentar la producción propia de energía alrededor de Puyo y en comunidades que se ubican aislados lejos de la red de electricidad o vías de transporte. La Amazonía se dinstigue por alta precipitación, mucha energía potencial por la altura de las cordilleras y por un gran número de ríos. Por eso se propone represas o captaciones para generar electricidad con turbinas hidráulicas en centrales hidráulicas. Para electricidad residencial de un pueblo de 1000 personas abastece un río con un caudal de 30 m3/s y una represa con un desnivel de 6 metros. También se dimensiona paneles fotovoltáicos para casas o pueblos donde se usa el sol según la irradiación y el clima regional en la Amazonía para cumplir una producción de electricidad. Una familia con una energía sugerida de 3000 kWh/año que instala 7 paneles de 320 Watt debería ser autárquica y en comunidades se cuenta aproximadamente 1,1 paneles por habitante para sumar el número total. Además, biodigestores a bajo costo sirven en el uso de residuos orgánicos de agricultura o de residencias y de estiércol de ganadería. En una lista de especies se demuestra que todos los animales, aún pequeños como cuyes o aves, sirven para producir un volumen considerable de biogás (con metano) para cocinar o transformar a electricidad. Se concluye que la Amazonía podría producir su propia energía más independiente de recursos fósiles o de la red interconectada.