Installation Of Components Research Articles

Electron Beam Welding Process of Port Stub of CFETR Vacuum Vessel Sector Mockup

Port structures are important parts of vacuum vessel (VV) in China Fusion Engineer Test Reactor (CFETR), which consists of port stubs and port extensions, mainly provides channels for the installation and maintenance of internal components, such as divertor and blanket, and provides interface for auxiliary heating system, diagnostic system, and vacuum pumping. A 1/8 VV sector mockup with port structures is used to explore the key manufacturing technology of CFETR VV. Electron beam welding (EBW) process development of port structures of 1/8 VV sector mockup is introduced in this article taking the inner shell of upper port stub as an example. Through EBW test and process optimization, the surface formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the weld are obtained. On this basis, the EBW of the inner shell of the upper port stub is carried out. After phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing and laser tracker measurement, the weld quality is excellent, and contour accuracy has reached the technical requirements. This study provides important support for the engineering design and construction of the CFETR.

A Self-Mixing Microvibration Measurement System of a <i>π</i>-Phase Shifted DFB Fiber Laser

Recently, with the rapid development of precision machining, microvibration measurement is required for the manufacturing and installation of parts and components. In this paper, a self-mixing microvibration measurement system of a π-phase shifted Distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser is introduced. An all-fiberized configuration Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped DFB fiber laser was used as light source, in which an active π-phase shifted fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was wrote on Er3+-Yb3+ co-doped fiber. Using this, it can easily get a single-mode lasing with narrow linewidth. Experimental results demonstrate that the amplitude of vibration can be achieved down to λ/5 without any modulation parts while utilizing the reflecting mirror. It is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis and very helpful in proving sensitivity and stability of the measurement system. In addition, remote vibration measurement with a distance of 20 km is also realized with this system.

SEM-Based Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Pathway Study during the Materialization Stage of Prefabricated Buildings: Evidence from Shenyang and Guiyang, China.

In recent years, in the process of promoting prefabricated buildings, problems such as waste of resources and energy have been present, which have seriously hindered the realization of carbon emission reduction benefits of prefabricated buildings. Especially during the materialization stage of prefabricated buildings which involves the most engineering activities and the most extensive sources of carbon emissions, it is urgent to further meet the low-carbon development of the construction industry. This study takes the 4 substages of design and development, component production, transportation, and installation during the materialization stage as the point of penetration and identifies the carbon reduction impact pathways based on the 3E (Environment-Economy-Energy) system theory in 5 dimensions: government policy, management mode, technology level, economy input, and energy structure. The data are collected through the questionnaire survey, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to examine the hypothesis and impact dimensions of the study. The results confirm that the management mode has the strongest effects on carbon emission reduction, followed by government policy, economy input, and technology level, and the energy structure has the weakest effects. This study presents the key carbon reduction pathways during the materialization stage of prefabricated buildings and provides recommendations for different participants to optimize policy guidance, strengthen management supervision, accelerate technology research and development, increase economy input, and optimize energy structure, with a view to achieving low-carbon governance capacity, management mode, technology system, capital, and energy utilization, and also enriches the theory in the field of prefabricated buildings carbon emission reduction, which can better achieve low-carbon development of prefabricated buildings.

Prototype Pembelajaran Pemanfaatan Energi Baru Terbarukan Berbasis Energi Surya

The use of renewable energy (EBT) is increasing to achieve the target of 23% by 2025. There needs to be a variety of preparations in welcoming the transition of fossil-based energy to renewable energy. One of them is by improving the quality of human resources that excel in developing the use of renewable energy in Indonesia. Through the Electrical Engineering PkM Team IT-PLN had the opportunity to provide counseling or education to the academic community of MA Al-Khairiyah Rancaranji. The activity is in the form of learning the installation of solar power plant components and the utilization of solar energy in the form of prototype portable plts. The learning improved students' understanding of renewable energy and was able to assemble photovoltaic system components into prototype portable plts with a capacity of 100 WP. Then the tool is tested using a lamp load of 9 watts to find out the amount of current and voltage produced. From this activity, it can be known that the students of MA Al-Khairiyah Rancaranji are very enthusiastic in knowing about renewable energy and can apply it in the surrounding environment.

Techno-economic investigation of alternative propulsion systems for tugboats

In this paper, the main alternative propulsion systems based on internal combustion engines and batteries of a tugboat operating in harbour duties of the tugboat that include Emission Control areas are comparatively assessed. A hybrid propulsion system and two gas systems that one is with gas engines, other with dual-fuel engines are compared with a diesel system. For all cases, the harbour tugboats are investigated with 3 similar tugboat operation profiles. The gas and dual-fuel engines are assumed to operate using Liquefied Natural Gas and a small amount of diesel as pilot fuel, whereas diesel was regarded as the fuel for the case of the diesel engine propulsion systems. In the case of diesel-electric hybrid propulsion systems, the installation of hybrid components is also taken into account for reducing emissions and fuel consumptions. The propulsion systems are modelled and the techno-economical results were analysed in order to compare these systems. These results have been obtained by Life Cycle Cost that mainly consists of two main expenditures; Capital and Operational expenditures. Finally, these four alternative systems have been compared according to the calculated propulsion system costs for the 20-years operating period within the accepted assumptions and constraints.

Effect of Non-Structural Components on the Dynamic Response of Steel-Framed Floors: Tests Before and After Component Installations

The effect of partition walls and non-structural elements on the dynamic response of floors is still not well understood, and there is a need for vibration testing of floors at various stages of construction. The best way to shed some light on the effect of non-structural components is to test additional floors (preferably the same floor) before and after the installation of non-structural elements and compare the dynamic properties. For that purpose, the authors conducted vibration testing on a building floor under construction at various stages of fit-out to quantify the effects of various non-structural elements on the vibration response. An elevated floor of a steel-framed building in the Southeastern United States was tested: the first test was performed for the bare slab conditions with minimal non-structural elements, while the second test was conducted after the installation of non-structural components and in the presence of various construction materials spread over the test floor. The modal tests were conducted by applying measured dynamic forces using an electrodynamic shaker while accelerations were measured at critical locations on the slab. The measurements were post-processed to determine the frequency response functions, which provided general information on the dynamic response. The selection of the test points and excitation functions were primarily to extract maximum data regarding the performance of non-structural elements rather than as part of a standard vibration serviceability assessment of the floor structure. The modal tests were repeated after the installation of non-structural components, electrical and mechanical ductwork, to determine their effect on the vibration characteristics of the floor. The resulting frequency response functions were compared for each condition, and finite element models were created to represent each test condition. As a result, the installation of non-structural components was observed to influence the dynamic response of the floor. Combined with the other test data in the literature, the results of the experimental testing presented in this paper might lead to more effective modeling techniques and provide guidance as to their inclusion into analytical models.

Septum magnet design for compact storage ring

Compact storage rings have been recently constructed or are under construction for industrial or medical applications. Such compact rings operate at tens to hundreds MeV and their footprint is of the order of few meters. Since the size is a critical issue for many applications, the accelerator components installation is extremely dense. Beam injection into such a ring, therefore, takes place with a large bending angle. PAL-EUV is a 400 MeV synchrotron under construction at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for semiconductor industries. The PAL-EUV accelerator consists of a 20 MeV injector linac, a booster ring and a 400 MeV storage ring, installed in a 15 m by 15 m area enclosed by a concrete wall. Three Lambertson septum magnets are used for the electron injection and extraction between the injector linac, the booster ring and the storage ring. The injection septum in the booster ring bends a 20 MeV electron beam transferred from the injector linac by 60°. The septum magnets for booster ring extraction and storage ring injection bend a 400 MeV beam by 30°. Due to the large bending angle of the septum magnets, the holes for the circulating beams extend to the outer side of the return yokes. In addition, the 2 mm septum thickness for the three septa is a concern for the leakage of the magnetic field which may generate higher order field multipoles in the field-free region of the circulating beam. In this article, we discuss the leakage fields in the septum magnets and how to minimize the impact on the circulating electron beams in the rings.

Key Design Issues in the Construction Project: Conceptual and Detailed Design Review Phases

The Malaysian construction industry is among the highest ranked industries that contributes to accident and fatality rates. The Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health in Construction Industry (Management) (OSHCIM) has introduced guidelines for design risk reduction in the construction industry. It involves determining root causes and mitigating the risk by control of the causation of accidents. The objective of this study is to identify the key design issues during the conceptual and detailed design review phases in the construction project. Although some of the design considerations have already been proposed by the OSCHIM guidelines, however, further implementation need to be diverse and versatile by considering the current design practices that are already being practiced by the industry practitioners. The methodology of this research involves document reviews, and a questionnaire survey that was used to collect answers from respondents in the construction industry. According to the results, the key design issues in the conceptual phase involve the site condition, environmental influences, ground or ground water condition, existing structure, demolition, services, adjacent to major infrastructure, traffic disruption, access for works, adjacent to other properties and projects, and site restriction. Moreover, those found in the detailed phase involve the mechanized construction system, installation of prefabrication components, ease of process, structural opening, edge line, fall hazard, accident prevention, layout optimization, ease of activities, permanent safety features, provision of access, and fall hazard. However, it is the duty of the construction industry practitioners to make sure that all other design issues are also included into their construction project risk analysis. As proposed by the OSHCIM guidelines, the review of design risks in the construction project should consider safety in all the stages: during construction, operation, maintenance, modification, and demolition. Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB)

Manipulator for feeding a box with liquid solution for repair of cast iron buckets at blast furnace shop of JSC Ural Steel

In the course of production at the site of repair of cast iron buckets, an important stage is the time of transportation of the finished solution to the site for servicing cast iron buckets. This process is carried out manually for small-volume containers or with the help of a workshop bridge crane with a significant volume of the finished solution. In both cases, the repair staff is forced to distract from the main process of repairing the iron buckets and monitor the process of preparing and transporting the solution to the site, as a result of which the entire production process slows down. At the same time, an important aspect is the constant employment of the shop bridge crane due to its operations in other areas of the blast furnace shop. The result is a delay in the working process, and, consequently, an increase in the time required for the repair of cast iron buckets. In this regard, it is proposed to mechanize the process of transporting the finished solution by means of a manipulator, with the help of which the feed is made directly to the site for servicing cast iron buckets, which will exclude the use of manual labor and/or the use of a shop bridge crane. A new design of the manipulator for feeding a box with a liquid solution for the repair of cast iron buckets of the blast furnace shop of JSC Ural Steel has been developed, which allows to increase productivity and reduce operating costs. The main elements of the manipulator arm rotation drive are selected: electric motor, gearbox, clutch with brake, etc. Calculations show that as a result of the implementation of the proposed measures, the time required for transporting the solution to the site will be reduced from 40 to 10 minutes, i.e. the time savings for performing this operation will be 0.5 hours. This modernization requires relatively small capital expenditures for the manufacture and installation of new components and equipment, and the cost-effectiveness of design solutions is to reduce production costs. The payback period of the proposed investment project is less than 4 years.

The Manufacturing Planning of Installation Series-Parallel Combination Centrifugal Pump Testing Equipment

This study discusses the planning in making a centrifugal pump installation with a combination of two series, namely series and parallel. The concept of discussion refers more to the upgrading of the installation system and calculates the estimated processing time needed to test the performance of the results of the installation that has been made. From the results of the research, it was found that for the preparation of series series installation it takes ± 8.5 minutes including the cutting process of materials and component installation, while the time required in making the installation of parallel circuits ± 28 minutes so that the total manufacturing of the two types of series takes 36, 5 minutes. In terms of performance generated from each installation obtained at full aperture where for the series of head series the value obtained is 37.6 m with a flow capacity of 3.25 l / s while for the head value on the parallel pump obtained by 27.7 m with a capacity flow of 3.75 l / s and this pump operates at 2900 rpm. So it can be seen from the results of the head and flow capacity obtained values ​​indicate good pump performance and ready to be used as a practical tool in the laboratory.

Multi-view based template matching method for surface defect detection of circuit board

In order to avoid defects (e.g. dust, scratch, static electricity) caused by manual detection, this research proposes a non-contact defect detection approach for circuit board through use of template matching method. In the proposed approach, images of both circuit board to be detected and circuit board selected as template are obtained respectively from multiple views. Then defect index (DI) of each view is constructed based on corresponding matching results between the image to be detected and the template image. Finally, total defect index is obtained by integrating all DI from multiple views, which can characterize the existence of defects in the circuit board (e.g. lack or wrong installation of components). The proposed approach is experimentally investigated to detect two surface defects on a circuit board. Results show that the two defects can be accurately detected with no false alarm by use the proposed method.

Design and preliminary realization of component installation scheme generation system in virtual EAST

In the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) experiment, the properties, states of plasma and the engineering parameters of the EAST device are measured and analyzed by various diagnostic methods. The approaches of diagnosis and measurement are constantly updated, and the diagnostic systems should be updated accordingly. However, position conflicts would inevitably occur due to the traditional diagnostic marker from diagnosis personnel according to the installation location of the part drawing, leading to modification after the rediscussion with other diagnosis personnel. In addition, the confined environments of EAST result in inconvenient installation. Therefore, the technology of scheme generation of an immersive component installation should be urgently pursued. Aimed at the actual requirements of physical experiments, the digital technology of component installation and design process based on multiuser and multidetail level, as well as the technology of virtual installation and cooperative discussion based on hierarchical collision detection are proposed. Taking the electromagnetic measurement diagnosis system as an example, the scheme generation system of immersive virtual EAST component installation is established to provide a reference for researchers to access the actual installation process, reduce the conflict of component positions, and improve the installation efficiency of the components. Preliminary realization and design of component installation scheme generation system are described.

Особенности предоперационного планирования эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава

Relevance. Preoperative planning is an integral stage of hip replacement surgery, which reduces the number of complications and improves the accuracy of the installation of endoprosthesis components. Goal. Assess the accuracy of digital preoperative planning using mediCAD® v.6. Material and methods. The study included data from 276 patients with idiopathic coxarthrosis who were treated at the orthopedic department of the Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko in the period from 2018 to 2020.The patients had X-rays of the pelvis and hip joint in two projections. All patients underwent total hip arthroplasty with cementless endoprostheses. Before surgery, all patients underwent preoperative planning using the mediCAD® v.6 software. After the operation, a control X-ray was performed, followed by an assessment of the obtained images in the same software. The planning accuracy was evaluated by comparing the parameters that were calculated in the program before the operation with the parameters of the installed implants. The results. The conducted study demonstrated the high accuracy of digital preoperative planning. The coincidence of the planned sizes of the acetabular component of the endoprosthesis and a deviation within +/- one size was observed in 93% of patients, femoral — in 84% of patients. Conclusion. Preoperative planning is an integral stage of hip replacement surgery, which allows you to perform the necessary preparation for the intervention. Digital planning allows you to simplify and speed up the process of preparing for an operation and improve the quality of its execution.

A Four-Step Safety Integrity Level Analysis of Numerous Subsea Control System Components

Abstract In this paper, a four-step safety integrity level (SIL) analysis is developed to analyze numerous components of the subsea control system based on the OREDA database. For this purpose, initially, a failure mode classification table is provided, aiming to identify the number of dangerous as well as the prevalent failure modes. Then, several parameters including component inventory, installation inventory, equipment units, failure events, and total time in service (per hour) are calculated. Also, failure rates are evaluated and the software checking is provided as the final step of the proposed framework. The results show that the dangerous failure modes occur in about 80 cases, and the leakage in the closed position is the failure mode occurring more than the other ones. Moreover, calculations indicate that the process isolation valve of the subsea X-mass tree has the largest values in all the referred parameters. Moreover, hydraulic coupling of the choke module and HC leak sensor are the two components with the highest value of failure rates.

Specific surgical tactics features for the prevention of unsatisfactory total knee arthroplasty outcomes

The objective of the study was to improve the treatment results of patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by substantiating and developing differentiated surgical tactics. The study included 151 patients (212 cases) who underwent TKA without patella replacement. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group is 74 patients (110 cases) and the comparison group is 77 patients (112 cases). In the main group, surgery was performed by using the developed installing tactics. The comparison group included the patients after the traditional surgical technique described in the manuals. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.52). The treatment results were assessed in 3, 6, 12, 24 months and more after surgery. KSS (Knee Society Score) and Kujala scales were used. The tactics of surgical intervention was developed, consisting of the correct installation of femoral and tibial components and capsular-ligamentous balancing of the patellofemoral joint. After the components implantation, the capsular-ligamentous balancing of the patellofemoral joint was performed depending on the patella position relative to the block of the femoral component (tilt, subluxation or dislocation of the patella). 5 types of patellar tendon extension were used: release of the lateral patellofemoral ligament, mobilization of the lateral skin flap from the capsule, “grid” type release, iliotibial tract release. The developed surgical tactics for TKA allowed us to obtain the better immediate and long-term treatment results than the traditional surgical technique. During the femoral and tibial component implantation, it is especially important to take into account the points that are directly related to the biomechanics of the patellofemoral part of the knee joint.

HİBRİT MİKRO ŞEBEKELER İÇİN OPTIMAL ENERJİ DEPOLAMA VE GES BOYUTU ANALİZİ ÇALIŞMASI

The problem of providing clean and affordable energy to rural and off-grid areas of countries is gradually growing. However, the planning and operation of these systems face with a number of difficulties, often due to uncertainties stemming from the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources and electricity consumption in rural areas. This study focuses this problem and tries to minimize the total cost while meeting energy demand by considering resource constraints. In the proposed model, PV, generator, energy storage system and energy demand, which is tried to be supplied from the grid when necessary, are provided by reviewing the initial installation, operation and operation costs of the energy components. The approach in this study was applied according to the data of a village in the Çamlıbel Electricity Distribution Company region. Solution approach and application results are detailed in the study with different scenario analysis.

In‐Water Bridge Construction Effects on Manatees with Implications for Marine Megafauna Species

ABSTRACTGlobally, increasing coastal development requires construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure that affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Construction of bridges as part of transportation networks introduces a series of risks to aquatic species near construction zones. We reviewed relevant literature and obtained exemplary case studies to synthesize potential effects of bridge construction on the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), a nearshore megafauna species vulnerable to human activities. Stages of bridge construction including dredging, pile driving, and installation and assembly of bridge components each involve potential direct and indirect effects on manatees. Direct effects such as vessel interactions, entanglement or ingestion, and entrainment may result in acute physical injury or mortality. Indirect effects from construction such as habitat obstruction or degradation and increased noise from construction activities can alter behavior and intraspecies communication and reduce access to essential resources. Some effects of construction may be immediately difficult to quantify, but cumulative effects through time can result in major habitat and species loss. To prevent large‐scale negative effects of construction on manatees and other aquatic species, use and evaluation of mitigation strategies should be implemented pre‐, during, and post‐construction. As the global human population increasingly occupies coastal zones, effective planning of coastal development, including bridge and other in‐water construction, will be essential to support conservation and recovery efforts for manatees and other species at risk in these areas. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.

Design and Verification of a Modular Reconfigurable Test Platform for Electric Tractors

Electric tractors (ETs) have attached significant attention in recent years due to the increasingly stringent exhaust emission policies all over the world. However, testing and evaluating all possible architectures and component sizes for ETs would be a time-consuming and expensive task. Establishing a comprehensive test bench that can implement different powertrain architectures as much as possible is thus an important and challenging task. In this study, a novel reconfigurable test platform is proposed according to the analysis results of the powertrain topologies of ETs. These results provide a verification platform to explore powertrain architecture options in future work. To be easily reconstructed under different architectures, the component installation and control system of this test platform was designed based on the modular, reconfigurable concept. To verify the feasibility of the reconfigurable test platform, two powertrain configurations were built based on this test platform framework. The rotary tillage experiments were conducted on these two configurations. The results show that the proposed reconfigurable test bench is reasonably practicable. Moreover, the control precision of the established test bench is demonstrated by comparing the torque results obtained from the experiment with the reference torque values, which indicated that this test bench also has the potential to be adapted to complex farming work scenarios.

Research on the Application of Feature Modeling of Prefabricated Building Components Based on BIM

Building industrialization is a new trend in the development of today’s construction industry, and prefabricated buildings have gradually become a hot spot in the construction industry. Prefabricated components are the core of prefabricated building management. The key points of prefabricated component management include component design, supply, installation, and operation and maintenance. BIM takes the whole life cycle of the building as the main line, links all links of the building through information, and realizes the integration of the whole life cycle information model of prefabricated components, which can solve the problem of backward production and management in the current construction industry. This paper proposes the realization method of the characteristic modeling system of prefabricated components. Based on the research on the design, production, construction and operation of prefabricated components, the functional requirements of parametric modeling and production management systems are analyzed, and the modular concept is applied. Divide the system into different functional modules and conduct research.

ПОБУДОВА МОДЕЛІ ТЕСТУВАННЯ І МОНІТОРИНГУ В МІКРОСЕРВІСНІЙ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРІ

Розглянуто методику створення інфраструктури, яка використовує функції тестування і моніторингу медіасервісних систем. Дана методика дозволяє формувати критерії із оптимального вибору медіасервісних систем та їх побудови. Особливістю методики є розміщення досліджуваного сервісу в віртуальний контейнер, де проводиться дослідження його поведінки в залежності від навантаження. В якості платформи для управління контейнерами обраний Kubernetes. При цьому використовувались тільки проєкти з відкритим вихідним кодом. Це забезпечує доступність методики, а за необхідності дозволяє коригувати код або доповнювати його новими функціональними можливостями. Результати експерименту показали, що обрана платформа для «оркестрації» контейнерів (Kubernetes) добре масштабується для управління будь-якими існуючими медіасервісами, що мають відкритий вихідний код. Дослідження показали, що використання технології WebRTC дозволяє знизити навантаження на серверну частину медіасервісів. Використання автоматизації конфігурацій медіасервісної інфраструктури дозволяє встановлювати як окремі компоненти, так і всю структуру цілком. Автоматизація реалізована з використанням Ansible і bash скриптинга. Результат впровадження автоматизації установки і конфігурації компонентів системи забезпечують легку повторюваність інфраструктури. Необхідна для тестування інфраструктура розгорнута в своєму середовищі, що виключає такі недоліки як залежність від постачальника послуг, а також його контроль та впровадження обмежень. В екстрених випадках доступ до медіасервісу може бути організований локально, без доступу в Інтернет на глобальному або національному рівні. Блочність запропонованої інфраструктури робить її гнучкою у використанні. Таким чином, запропонована методика дозволяє оцінити можливість використання даної медіасервісної платформи при заданому навантаженні і конкретній конфігурації апаратної платформи. Запропонована методика дозволяє сформувати вимоги до необхідної апаратної платформи для функціонування конкретних медіасервісних платформ.