Inspector General Research Articles

Gauging Historical Forest Surveys: Recalibrating the Legacy of the Brandis Hypsometer

Abstract During the nineteenth century, the European field of forestry was transmitted through expanding colonial empires and networks that sought to inventory and monetize overseas woodlands. Encountering new environments and terrain, the nineteenth century British Empire discovered that existing surveying and enumeration methods were poorly suited for colonized territories. This was particularly true of British India, which spanned from modern-day Pakistan to Myanmar. Designed for European forests, forestry instruments in the nineteenth century performed poorly abroad. With the assistance of Syed Mir Mohsin Hussain, Dietrich Brandis—a German scientist and one of the first Inspectors General of Forests in British India—reconstituted a European hypsometer to address some of these challenges. The collaboration between the two men resulted in the Brandis hypsometer. For the subsequent half century, the hypsometer became a principal forestry device throughout the British Empire and the United States. Despite the widespread adoption of the device, critics challenged the operability and accuracy of the Brandis hypsometer. Using computer-aided design and modern fabrication techniques has allowed for a reexamination of this historic device. The authors’ investigation supports critics’ claims and suggests a degree of nuance for researchers relying on data produced by the device.

The Effect of Organizational Capabilities on Quality of Service An Analytical Study of The Views of The Directors of The Inspector General's Office of The Ministry of Finance

The purpose of the research is to explore the relationship between effectiveness organizational capabilities in terms of (organizational learning capabilities and knowledge management capabilities) and service quality in terms of (response, reliability, tangibility, and sympathy). The research problem if its identify several questions that will be focused on the nature of the effectiveness relationship among the variables of the search . For that the development of a hypothesis of the research reflects one main hypothesis and two sub-hypotheses. In order to verify the validity of the hypotheses , all those hypothec was subjected to multiple tests to confirm their validity. The research has used the questionnaire as a means of obtaining data. Mean while the descriptive and analytical approach are used as a research method. The sample is taken intentionally from the selecting of managers and officials at the ministry of finance inspector . General office number forty seven . The questionnaire is distributed to all of them, but only 44 respondents are prepared for statistical analysis. The results show that there is an effectiveness relationship of organizational capabilities in terms of organizational learning capabilities in improving the quality of service. Regarding knowledge management Capabilities it will not affect the improvement of service quality

Чужие слова Хлестакова

ABSTRACT The article discusses the speech and non-verbal statements of Ivan Chlestakov, the main character of Nikolaj Gogol′’s play The Inspector General. The analysis allows to observe how the author crafts the psychological authenticity of his hero, architecting Chlestakov’s background, which consists of fragments of the Russian capital’s culture of the time: Puškin and Karamzin, fashionable melodies and a famous reading-book, etc. The article also shows that most of the hero’s remarks are motivated by the logic of his thought, carefully developed by the writer.

Режиссерский метод Игоря Терентьева

The directoring activity of I. G. Terentiev can be considered as the the context of the avantgarde tradition. The reconstruction of his performances is always an appeal to the principles and techniques of futuristic arcane poetry (zaum’), which were formulated by him back in the Tiflis period of his work as a poet, artist and zaum’ theorist. Also, Terentiev’s theatrical experience is closely linked with his contemporaries, and often the performance staging was a special kind of polemic, sometimes a rebellious attack against the theatrical system. The theatre thusbecomes the most adequate form of expression of Terentiev’s revolutionary ideas. His theatrical searches are an appeal to amateur theatre, attempts to interpret the classical text using arcane language, as well as a constant search for new expressiveness. His experiments lacked evidences, with only a few photographs of his performances surviving, mostly negative criticism and eyewitness reviews that can be counted on fingers. The article examines the features of I. G. Terentiev’s directing method on the example of his most famous performances: John Reed, The Inspector General and Natalya Tarpova. The evolution of the director’s creative method is traced, which became more complicated and transformed with each performance. Three directions are singled out, the main for Terentiev’s rebellious directing method. These are propaganda performances in an amateur theatre, futuristic direction using the techniques of arcane poetry and attempts to realize on stage the process of mastering a new proletarian novel. In the article are published the photographs from the performances The Inspector General and Natalya Tarpova, that were found in the RGALI and the funds of the State Central Theatre Museum n.a. A.A. Bakhrushin. These photographs give an idea of performances’ pecularities, directing technique, scenography. The article lists a set of directorial techniques characteristic of various periods of Terentiev’s work, the method of working on the text, and concludes why Terentiev became the last director of the Russian theatrical avant-garde

Гоголь и Школа юнкеров (Из комментария к письмам Гоголя А.С. Данилевскому)

The article provides new information on Gogol’s biography in his early years in St. Petersburg (1829–1831). In particular, it gives new facts and hypotheses concerning Gogol’s social circle, interests and plans during this period. The author of the article carries out a detailed analysis of Gogol’s letters to his closest friend A.S. Danilevsky. Alexander Danilevsky arrived in the capital together with Gogol and entered the School of Cavalry Junkers and Ensigns of the Guard in the spring of 1829. Some names and circumstances mentioned in Gogol’s letters to Danilevsky have so far remained unclear to commentators. The article reveals the meaning of these realities due to the involvement of previously unpublished archival materials, as well as some newspaper reports and little-known memoirs of contemporaries. As follows from the letters, Gogol knew well the everyday life, manners and interests of the School’s students and teachers. This knowledge can be seen in his later literary work, for example in the numerous images of middle-ranking officers, from Lieutenant Pirogov in “Nevsky Prospect” to nameless minor characters: lieutenants in “Dead Souls,” “The Inspector General,” “Litigation,” “Ivan Fedorovich Shponkа,” etc.

ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ПЕРВОГО ПЕРЕВОДА И ИЗДАНИЯ ПЬЕС И. КРЫЛОВА В КИТАЕ

The article is devoted to the first translation of I. A. Krylov's plays in China, published in 2020. The translator is Li Chunyu, a lecturer at the Faculty of foreign languages of Xiamen University. This is the first book to introduce Chinese readers to Krylov as a playwright. As a fable writer he has long been well known in China, but his plays were translated for the first time by Li Chunyu, and he translated all 13 of Krylov's plays, including three unfinished ones. The article discusses some features of these translations, primarily the specifics of the title transformations, when the comic opera “The Coffee Lady” is translated as “The Soothsayer”, the comedy “Naughty Men” as “Chickens Fly and Dogs Jump”, the comedy “Pie” as “Chicken Cutlet”, and the most famous Krylov comedy “Lesson to Daughters” as “French Marquis” (the entire book is also called that). The article explains that the names of Krylov's plays were not changed accidentally, that the choice made by the translator is justified both by the peculiarities of the literary text perception by Chinese readers, and in terms of the history of Russian literature, when the title of Krylov's play “The French Marquis” (instead of “The lesson for daughters”), according to the translator, corresponds to the name of the famous comedy by N. V. Gogol “The Inspector General”. The article pays special attention to the analysis of the Golden Russia series of books, whose publication was launched in 2014 by the People's Publishing House (Zhenmin Chubanshe) of Sichuan province, edited by Wang Jianzhao, professor of the Institute of Foreign Literature at Beijing University of Foreign Languages, aimed at studying and publishing the best works of Russian culture for Chinese readers.

Хосров-Мирза: историческая личность и художественный образ. К вопросу о культурном своеобразии русско-персидских связей

The image of Persian Prince Khosrow Mirza, who headed the Apology Delegation to Russia, entered the Russian artistic culture of the 19th and 20th centuries. His name was mentioned by Alexander Pushkin in A Journey to Arzrum, by Nikolai Gogol in the Petersburg stories The Nose and The Portrait. Yury Tynyanov in his novel The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar (1928) elaborated in detail characteristics of the Persian prince. In Dmitri Shostakovich’s Opera The Nose, a musical and dramatic picture was built around the image of Khosrow Mirza. Although this image is inextricably linked to the memory of the death of Alexander Griboyedov, it formed a special set of motifs “colored” by the prince’s individual and personal features. The consideration of Khosrow Mirza’s image in Gogol’s stories casts doubt on the hypothesis proposed by Natalia Seregina about the connection of this image with the satirical element of the comedy The Inspector General. The image of Khosrow Mirza turns out to be the generator of the formation of the Persian text of Gogol’s Petersburg Tales. The analysis of the draft versions of the story The Portrait allows us to argue that, at the very beginning, a special semantic node is formed, which involves the generals who participated in the wars with Turkey and Iran, and the Tehran ambassador. Thus, an orientation is created for the development of an oriental theme, which was subsequently realized in the image of the terrible portrait and the demonic lender. The study of the semantic layers associated with Khosrow Mirza makes it possible to discover the connections between the Persian images of Gogol and the adventure novel The Adventures of Haji Baba from Isfahan by James Justinian Morier. Pictures of Persian life appear in the images of the Isfahan hereditary barber and local beauties, in the motif of money, cut-off noses, a head baked in bread, and are reflected in the stories Nevsky Prospect, The Nose, The Portrait. Another perspective of analysis opens up when understanding the special mission of Khosrow Mirza, aimed at the dialogue of cultures. The prince’s desire is noted to present in Russia the works of the great Persian poets Saadi and Ferdowsi, to implement the rhetoric of dialogue in an apology to Griboyedov’s mother and in a speech addressed to the Russian emperor. The introduction to scholarly discourse of translations of the book Ruzname-ye Safari Petersbourg [The Travel Notes of Khosrow Mirza] by Mirza Mustafa Afshar provides an insight into the Persian perception of the journey to Russia. The episodes of the arrival of the Iranian embassy in the royal palace, the description of the Tauride Palace, the process of making lithographs are considered. The authors conclude that the Persian embassy in St. Petersburg in 1829, caused by the tragic events, nevertheless significantly contributed to the strengthening of Iran’s authority and the formation of its unique cultural image in the minds of the Russian public. Much credit for establishing the dialogical character of relations belongs to the head of the Persian mission, Prince Khosrow Mirza. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

The Unexpected Consequences of Automation in Policing

This Article has two aims. First, it explains how automated decision-making can produce unexpected results. This is a problem long understood in the field of industrial organization, but identifying its effects in policing is no easy task. The police are a notoriously difficult institution to study. They are insular, dislike outsiders, and especially dislike critical outsiders. Fortunately, we have the benefit of a decade’s worth of experimentation in police use of automated decision-making and the resulting political backlash against some of these uses. As a result, some large urban police departments have undergone external investigations to see whether tools like predictive policing or individual criminal risk assessments are biased, ineffective, or simply too costly despite their benefits. One of these recent reports, studying the use of acoustic gunshot detection software in Chicago, provides a window into one type of police automation. This leads to the Article’s second observation. Automation is not just a set of tools that the police use; it changes the environment of policing in unexpected ways. The increasing use of automated tools in policing has generated some widely shared criticisms, but they focus primarily on the flaws of the technologies used. The training data in facial recognition algorithms may be biased along lines of race, gender, and ethnicity. Risk assessments for gun violence may, in truth, be poor guides for police intervention. These claims are singularly technology-focused. Accordingly, errors and inefficiencies merit technological improvements. Even calls for bans on technologies like facial recognition are responses to the technology itself. As Chicago’s experience with acoustic gunshot detection technology demonstrates, however, automation serves not just as a tool for the police, but also leads to changes in police behavior. These changes in police conduct are documented in a 2021 report from the Chicago Office of Inspector General, and they are noteworthy. If automation unexpectedly changes police behaviors, these changes have implications for how we understand policing through the lens of inequality and unaccountability.

The United States detention system for migrants: Patterns of negligence and inconsistency

The United States of America (US) detains more migrants than any other nation. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detain adults and families under the Department of Homeland Security, while unaccompanied minors are housed under the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) within the Department of Health and Human Services. Migrants are subject to the standards and oversight of each individual agency and facility where they are detained. This paper presents an analysis of whether the current US migrant detention system upholds the standards of each agency to maintain the health of migrants. A review of peer and grey literature, along with interviews with key informants (KI) who had worked in or visited ICE, CBP, or ORR facilities since January 2018 were undertaken. Analysis of the literature review and KI interviews covered five thematic areas: health, protection of vulnerable populations, shelter, food and nutrition, and hygiene. Thirty-nine peer-reviewed publications and 28 US Office of Inspector General reports from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. Seventeen KI interviews were conducted. Though all three detention agencies had significant areas of concern, CBP's inability to abide by its health standards was particularly alarming. The persistence of low compliance with standards stemmed from weak accountability mechanisms, minimal transparency, and inadequate capacity to provide essential services. We have five recommendations: (1) expand independent monitoring and evaluation mechanisms; (2) standardize health standards across the three agencies; (3) develop a systematic evaluation tool to help external visitors, including members of Congress, assess the degree of implementation of standards; (4) enforce consequences for private contractors who violate standards; and (5) restrict the use of waivers that allow detention facilities to circumvent compliance with standards. Ultimately, the US federal government should explore and implement alternatives to detention to maintain the health and dignity of the individuals under its care.

НИКОЛАЙ ПРОКОПОВИЧ И НИКОЛАЙ ГОГОЛЬ

The article is devoted to the relations between N. Ya. Prokopovich (1810 1857) and his great namesake, when they started their adult life, in particular stories with the idyll “Hanz Küchelgarten” (1829). Only after Gogol’s death, Prokopovich announced to P. Kulish, the writer’s biographer, that he accidentally found out about the authorship of that “poem” and the annihilation of its entire circulation. However, our research suggests that it was conceived by two Nikolays, although its text was mainly written by N. Prokopovich. N. Gogol-Yanovsky took an active part in its creation, and then, believing in its success, became its publisher. After the failure, he, feeling guilty before a friend, entrusted him to edit the first edition of the comedy The Inspector General and his first Collected Works.

"Man Who Won the War": Myth and Reality of Aldo Castellani's Role in Preserving the Health of Troops During the Italo-Ethiopian War 1935-1936.

The invasion of the ancient Ethiopian empire perpetrated by the Italian fascist regime in 1935-1936 deserves all the blame due to a war of aggression, a belated colonial enterprise and a bullying act of a totalitarian regime. Yet there is one aspect of that war that aroused universal admiration among contemporaries and which still deserves to be analysed today: the healthcare of troops. The Italian army, which came close to half a million men, was the largest European army that had ever fought in tropical or sub-tropical territories. Many Cassandras expected a health catastrophe, even more than a military one. But Mussolini decided to entrust Sir Aldo Castellani, the famous tropicalist doctor who had been living between Italy and England for years, with the role of Inspector General of Military and Civilian Health Services for East Africa. At the end of the seven-month victorious military campaign, the very low number of casualties recorded due to illness or injury evoked amazement and admiration. This was not just propaganda, as proved by the uncountable invitations from military and health authorities all over the world (including some of the nations that had imposed economic sanctions against Italy a few months earlier) for Castellani to reveal his secret through lectures, articles and conferences. Even US President Franklyn D. Roosevelt, who as a polio sufferer was particularly sensitive to public health issues, asked for and obtained a long private interview with Castellani, the "man who won the war".

Analysis of the Organization Designation Authorization in Aircraft Certification: Differences to the Brazilian and European Approaches

This paper aims the identification of the Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) regulatory approaches adopted by the United States, using the Boeing 737 MAX 8 certification process as a basis, by revising the ODA’s certification role and what can be enhanced on the ODA program, considering the data from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. Department of Transportation, AND the Office of Inspector General (OIG), and comparing them to the regulatory basis in Europe and in Brazil. An assessment of undue pressure on ODA Unit members and other aspects, such as conflicting restraints, analysing their consequences and roles for the process’ safety, is presented, as well as a comparison with the independent design assurance system adopted by the other two agencies. Therefore, the discussion around the ODA’s aircraft certification processes highlights the ODA model drawbacks, and what can be learned from other models to improve it, so the industry and the society can fully benefit from this system.

Collaborating to create the At-Risk Afghanistan Web Archive (ARAWA): A project at the University of California-Berkeley Library

Twenty years later, as the U.S. “Afghanistan Project” concluded in 2021 with the U.S. troop withdrawal and civilian evacuation, it became clear that despite our good intentions to develop and foster a democratic state in Afghanistan, it was only a partial success. Despite the corruption within the ranks of certain Afghan officials and the frustrating outcomes for the planned projects, a semblance of functioning civil society had emerged across several urban centers in Afghanistan. The levels of corruption, ineptitude, and missed chances have been documented in the series of reports with the title “What We Need to Learn: Lessons from Twenty Years of Afghanistan Reconstruction,” prepared by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. The central government in Kabul had a web presence through several departmental websites and those of the regional, provincial governments. Besides governmental websites, several educational institutions of higher learning, artists, social activists, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) described themselves, expressed their opinions, reported policy decisions, and communicated other information through their web presence on official websites and social media sites.

Przetwarzanie danych biometrycznych pracowników w świetle orzeczenia NSA z dnia 1 grudnia 2009 r. (I OSK 249/09)

The decision of the Supreme Administrative Court1 dated December 1, 2009 (I OSK 249/09, LEX 553777) is the first ruling which raises the issue of processing biometric information of an employee by the employer in regard to Polish law. It is, therefore, of profound significance and calls for thorough analysis. As a result of advancement in new technologies and means of communications over the past few years, as well as progress in the development of practices of work performance, the provisions of law in force applicable to personal data processing in employment relationships (Article 221 of Labour Code, in particular) have been out of touch with the demands of the contemporary world. The decision of the Supreme Administrative Court (hereinafter referred to as “SAC”) dealt with the relation between the provisions of Labour Code and Personal Data Protection Act, combined with the issue of biometric information and the positions of respective parties in the employment relationship. In its decision of December 1, 2009, SAC ruled on collection of biometric information of employees (employee fingerprints) by employers upon prior written consent of the employees in question. In the case concerned biometric information was being processed for the purpose of working time registration at the workplace. It seems that SAC assumption that an employee who was asked to give consent for processing his personal data (biometric information in this specific case) was in an inconvenient situation was fundamental to the decision on the case in question. Employee is dependent on his employer as an entity to which consent shall be given. Therefore, the employee’s freedom to give consent or not is questionable in principle. SAC concluded that for the aforementioned reasons, the catalogue of data that employer was allowed to require from the employee was limited in the Labour Code. Furthermore, the Supreme Administrative Court stated in the justification for the decision that the practice of invoking the consent given by an employee in order to support extension of the scope of personal data catalogue defined in the Labour Code was in conflict with the principle of appropriateness (proportionality). The Court pointed out that it was the principle of proportionality that represented the essential criterion applicable to biometric information processing. In the presented case the purpose, namely, control over employee working time was deemed inappropriate and failing to justify biometric information processing. It follows from the decision of SAC that employee’s consent to process his biometric information which is given upon employer’s request may be assessed as being involuntary and given in the circumstances of actual lack of freedom to take an independent decision. It seems, in the light of the presented decision, that invoking these prerequisites listed in the Personal Data Protection Act which are other than consent of biometric information holder is a solution possible for validating the processing of biometric information of employees - thus processing it to a more extensive degree than it is allowed based on the Labour Code. A justified purpose of the workplace may be one of such prerequisites, on condition, however, that data processing neither violates employee rights, nor employee freedom. As provided in the justification for the Court decision, for the purpose of assessing specific state of affairs, each time the purpose that data processing is supposed to serve should be investigated in addition to the permissible conditions of personal data processing (as well as personal data collection) that are defined in the Personal Data Protection Act. The prerequisite which legitimizes data processing and the purpose of data processing are interrelated and are decisive in a given situation for the right of data administrator to collect and process biometric information. Presently, it should be pointed out that the statements of Inspector General for Personal Data Protection2 in practice constitute important guidelines for processing biometric information of employees by employers. These guidelines indicate that there actually are situations which justify processing of biometric information of employees. In accordance with Inspector General’s opinion these situations include, for example, the need to protect places in which hazardous materials, explosive materials, radioactive materials, viruses, bacteria, legally protected secrets, industrial secrets or know-how of a company are stored. Biometric information of employees may be processed in such circumstances because of justified interest of the company and safety at the workplace and the Inspector General approves the use of biometric information considering the advisability of processing the said information.

ANALISIS SISTEM AKUNTANSI PENGELOLAAN UANG PERJALANAN DINAS DI INSPEKTORAT IV ITJEN KEMENDIKBUDRISTEK RI

Within the scope of government, the Accounting System is a systematic series of procedures, operators, equipment, and other elements to realize the accounting function from transaction analysis to financial reporting within government organizations. As the object and location of research, Inspectorate IV is one of the inspectorates within the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Education and Culture, where official travel activities are carried out repeatedly by the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus to support its functions and responsibilities. During the study, the researcher noted that the process of financial administration and management of official travel documents had not been supported by an integrated information system from the issuance of assignment letters to the issuance of official travel receipts. This results in a less effective and efficient process, both in terms of time and budget due to the open level of errors in entering the required data. Administrative Inspectorate IV needs to build an integrated information system for the process of managing official travel in terms of finances and documentation

Espaço, Saberes e Tempo escolar nos relatórios da Instrução Pública e Particular da Província de Alagoas, Brasil (1866-1868)

This study analyzes the context of space, knowledge and school time present in the public and private education reports of the province of Alagoas, written by the physician Thomaz do Bomfim Espindola (1832-1889) in the 19th century. These reports were the result of his role as Inspector General of Studies in the years 1866 to 1868. These writings include themes such as poor teacher qualifications, poor application of learning methods, abandonment of physical education, moral education, and religious education. quantitative figures on the number of private and public primary and secondary schools, teacher hiring, replacement and dismissal, among other subjects. As a member of the Liberal Party of Alagoas, Espindola held the positions of provincial deputy from 1860-1861, 1864-1865 and 1866-1867, deputy general from 1878 to 1881 and from 1881 to 1884, and interim president in the same province in 1867 and 1878. In Education, he worked as a teacher of Geography, Chronology and History at the Alagoas High School, Hygiene at the High School of Arts and Crafts and Philosophy at São Bernardo High School. He was consulted to propose changes in Brazilian education by drafting the opinions of the «Reform of Primary Education and Various Complementary Institutions of Public Education» (1882) and the «Reform of Secondary and Higher Education» (1883) together with Rui Barbosa and Ulysses Vianna. Therefore, the analysis of the theoretical relationships of space, knowledge and school time of public and private education in the province of Alagoas contributes to the understanding of the advances and the limits of the school formation of the Brazilian Empire.

Auditor's experience and independence on the quality of audit results

This study discusses how an auditor with experience can carry out activities in the field of auditing in higher education. The Inspectorate General (ITJEN) is the Government Internal Supervision Apparatus (APIP), within the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). ITJEN is led by the Inspector General who is under and responsible to the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. The research method used in this study is broadly divided into 2 (two) types of methods. The first research method is descriptive method, the second method is a method using verification analysis. The first method is descriptive analysis using confirmatory analysis. The second method is inferential analysis which is used to find out the truth of the hypothesis, in this analysis using a structural equation modeling test approach, or Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The use of these two research methods is inseparable from the setting of research objectives. The first objective is to describe the variables studied. While the second objective is to analyze the effect of exogenous variables on endogenous variables. The data source is the most important part and is the first step as a source of information for research materials. The data sources are divided into two parts, “Data can be obtained from primary or secondary sources”. Data can be obtained from primary or secondary sources. Primary data is data obtained directly in the field from objects or respondents who are made into the population and determined by a sample through a survey using a research instrument specially made in the form of a questionnaire. While secondary data is certain data created and collected by other parties or certain institutions, both published and unpublished. So that later it can produce quality audit results mediated by an efficient and effective audit time budget.

Crafting Jobs on Job Satisfaction to Encourage Employee Development of IAIN Palopo

The results of the audit of the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Religion in 2020 showed the performance achievement of IAIN Palopo was only 76.14%, and several sources stated that the performance of higher education was strongly motivated by job satisfaction which was influenced by the ability of its employees to innovate in their work. Therefore, this study will analyze job satisfaction and work innovation (job crafting), which will be a reference to improving IAIN Palopo. This study uses quantitative methods with a sample of 135 employees of IAIN Palopo. The results showed that job crafting affected the job satisfaction of IAIN Palopo employees.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL BASED MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION AT MTS NEGERI 1 IN PALU CITY

The study aims to describe the implementation of school based management to improve the quality of Islamic Education. The study was qualitative approach in MTs Negeri 1 Palu. The study results showed that (1) Madrasah independence can be seen in the availability of educators and education personnel and the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure. (2) Madrasah partnerships/cooperation are good; this can be seen from the madrasah's internal relations that have been well established through working meetings, briefings, and MGMPs. Meanwhile, with external parties, it can be proven that the madrasa has established a relationship with the institution by being proven by the MoU. (3) The implementation of the program is managed by each component of the madrasa, by preparing written implementation instructions such as K13 document, organizational structure, division of tasks for teachers and education staff, academic regulations, and madrasa rules. (4) Program evaluation is more focused on academic programs than on learning and teacher performance effectiveness and efficiency, implementing Madrasah Self Evaluation and Madrasah accreditation. and the Inspectorate General (IRJEN) of the Ministry of Religion.

Strengthening Supervision Government Internal Control System (SPIP) at The General Election Commission East Kalimantan Province

The purpose of this research is to know and understand specifically about the implementation of bureaucratic reform through the Grand Design 8 Bureaucratic Road Map, one of which will be examined, namely Strengthening Supervision through a form of system application called the Government Internal Control System ( SPIP) with its implementation at the Provincial General Electi on Commission Secretariat. East Kalimantan. This research was conducted to determine the extent to which this control system was successfully implemented at the General Election Commission of East Kalimantan Province with the technical implementation by the Government Internal Control System Task Force Team with a comprehensive assessment covering Gratification, Public Complaints, Conflicts of Interest, Integrity Zones, and SPIP itself. Research Methodology in the form of Qualitative Creswell using Phenom enological Data Analysis in the form of an understanding of experience about phenomena, the existence of philosophy and sociology, and interviewing informants as the owner of research sources who will provide statements, meanings, and general descriptions of experiences. The number of informants in the study was 14 (fourteen) people consisting of 13 (thirteen) people from the General Election Commission of East Kalimantan Province and 1 (one) person from the Inspectorate General of the General Elections Commission of the Republic of Indonesia.