Vehicle Inspection Research Articles

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of the Leak Detection Method Based on the Disturbance-Reflected Signal

Leak detection technology, based on the disturbance-reflected signal, can realize pipeline state inspection without relying on the transient characteristics of leakage. However, the lack of research on the factors affecting the detection effect of this method greatly restricts its popularization and application. Therefore, this paper realizes the valve opening and closing through dynamic mesh technology and further establishes a 2D pipeline disturbance and reflection signal detection model. The correctness of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model detection mechanism was verified by theoretical analysis and indoor pipe flow experiments. In this process, it was found that reflections from boundaries, such as the pipe end, could also be identified and did not interfere with leak-related signals. In addition, the positioning errors of the leakage hole and the pipe end were 4.447% and 0.121%, respectively, and accurate positioning with zero error was able to be achieved in the calculation results of the CFD model. Finally, the influence factors of the detection effect of this method were analyzed by inputting the determined disturbance signal. Both the disturbance signal characteristics and the leakage hole characteristics affected the reflected signal, and the former played a more prominent role. Surprisingly, the results showed that pipeline flow and pressure had very limited influence on this method.

Novel Method for Determining Internal Combustion Engine Dysfunctions on Platform as a Service.

This article deals with a unique, new powertrain diagnostics platform at the level of a large number of EU25 inspection stations. Implemented method uses emission measurement data and additional data from significant sample of vehicles. An original technique using machine learning that uses 9 static testing points (defined by constant engine load and constant engine speed), volume of engine combustion chamber, EURO emission standard category, engine condition state coefficient and actual mileage is applied. An example for dysfunction detection using exhaust emission analyses is described in detail. The test setup is also described, along with the procedure for data collection using a Mindsphere cloud data processing platform. Mindsphere is a core of the new Platform as a Service (Paas) for data processing from multiple testing facilities. An evaluation on a fleet level which used quantile regression method is implemented. In this phase of the research, real data was used, as well as data defined on the basis of knowledge of the manifestation of internal combustion engine defects. As a result of the application of the platform and the evaluation method, it is possible to classify combustion engine dysfunctions. These are defects that cannot be detected by self-diagnostic procedures for cars up to the EURO 6 level.

Exploration and practice of practical teaching of automobile inspection and maintenance major in higher vocational education under the background of “Three Education” reform

The “three education” reform was explicitly proposed in the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan in January 2019, that is, the reform of teachers, teaching materials and teaching methods, which runs through the whole process of talent training, directly related to the fundamental issue of “who, how and for whom to train people”, and is the top priority of the development of higher vocational education in the new era. The biggest difference between higher vocational colleges and undergraduate colleges is to cultivate high-end skilled talents. The cultivation of skilled talents cannot be separated from practical teaching. Taking the automobile inspection and maintenance specialty in higher vocational colleges as an example, this paper analyzes the role and importance of each practical teaching link in cultivating students’ skills and other qualities.

Analytical conclusions and proposals for technical condition and effective use of facilities on Tashkent magistral canal

The socio-economic development of the Tashkent region (Uzbekistan) depends largely on natural resources, especially water resources, as in other regions. One of the canals that supply water to the Tashkent province is the Tashkent magistral canal (TMC). In terms of size, the second of the canals receives water from the left bank of the Chirchik River. The TMC has been 82 years since its start of use. Hydrotechnical facilities on the TMC are typical of the II class. There are many hydrotechnical facilities on the canal: one main structure, four water dampening facilities, two destructive water discharges, four duckers in the canal, 45 water dischargers, one waterfall, seven under-canal duckers, two pipes under the canal, nine aqueducts, nine canal access, thirteen road bridges, one railway bridge, one pedestrian bridge. This article presents the technical condition of the TMC and its hydrotechnical facilities and recommendations developed based on the technical condition. On April 9-13, 2022, field observation work was carried out to study the technical condition of the TMC and hydrotechnical facilities. It reviewed the availability of technical documents of TMC facilities, instructions for their use, information on maintenance of mechanical equipment, working drawings, previous inspection reports, and other materials. In addition, the conclusions of the inspection carried out by the State Inspection "Davsuvkhujalikzorat" and the results of the technical inspections carried out by the employees of the TMC administration and project parameters of water facilities were studied.

Multi-Objects Recognition and Self-Explosion Defect Detection Method for Insulators Based on Lightweight GhostNet-YOLOV4 Model Deployed Onboard UAV

In order to meet the application requirements on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for daily inspection of insulators in overhead grid transmission lines, a lightweight GhostNet-YOLOV4 model is proposed to identify the insulators objects and detect their self-explosion defect meanwhile. In the proposed model, the lightweight GhostNet with full convolutional attention module (C-SE) model is embedded into the YOLOV4 as backbone feature extraction network, and the ordinary convolution and Mish activation function of enhanced feature extraction network in GhostNet-YOLOV4 are replaced by the depth separable convolution and ReLU6 activation function respectively. Meanwhile, the combination methods of data augmentation, label smoothing, K-Means algorithm, adaptive cosine annealing learning rate, and Focal Loss function are adopted to optimize the model. Finally, the class activation mapping (CAM) is used to visually analyze for the identification process of the proposed model. The example analysis results show that the object recognition accuracy mAP of the proposed model is 99.50% for insulator objects and self-explosion defect, and the image processing speed FPS is 2.53 frames/s. The proposed model meets the requirements of lightweight, detect accuracy and speed for UAV application.

Контроль сохранности вагонов на пунктах технической передачи

The article presents the analysis of damage of freight cars at transfer points for freight cars. The analysis of malfunctions of railcars stepping off the tracks of non-public use enabled us to determine that most of the railway cars have damages common for loading and unloading operations. It is possible to ensure the safety of railcars by applying, in particular, digital technologies, including when receiving freight cars from non-public railway tracks. It is noted that for the points of technical transfer of railcars (PTTW) as a subdivision of technical service points (TSP), the main form of internal primary accounting is the book VU-15 («Book of full-scale inspection of railway cars at technical transfer points»), the electronic format of which is only being introduced into the production process. The special significance of the transition to the electronic version of the VU-15 is manifested in enterprises with several PTTW, where railway cars transferred to the access railway through one point can be returned to the railway through other points. Often, the electronic form of the VU-15 greatly limits the capabilities of railcar inspectors when working on the tracks (operational search for data on railcar malfunctions, the possibility of photo and video recording of damage, the use of regulatory and reference information). The solution to these issues can be the use of mobile workstations (MWS) with additional functions for monitoring the safety of railway cars, which allow monitoring the technical condition of the freight cars before they are delivered to the non-public track and returning them to the infrastructure. Within the framework of the conceptual project, the AWS MWS PTTW structure for monitoring the technical condition of freight cars and the algorithm for processing information in the MWS PTTW for monitoring the safety of railway cars with the practical implementation of software in C# were developed.

Алгоритмизация процесса регистрации транспортных средств в системе МЧС России

Introduction. The process of implementation of registration actions by officials of the military automobile inspection of EMERCOM of Russia is investigated. The analysis of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the issues of state registration of vehicles is carried out. The structure of the divisions of EMERCOM of Russia performing registration actions is considered. The existing problems of implementation of registration actions by officials are revealed. The conditions of refusal to perform registration actions are investigated. The process of implementing registration actions in the form of data streams is described. The algorithm of actions of vehicle owners and officials in the implementation of registration actions has been developed. Criteria for refusals to perform registration actions are proposed. Proposals have been formulated to finalize the forms of documents used in the implementation of registration actions. Goal and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for streamlining the process of registration actions in relation to vehicles of EMERCOM of Russia. To achieve this goal, an analysis of the requirements of the current regulatory legal acts regulating the issues of state registration of vehicles by units of the military automobile inspection, the fleet of vehicles subject to state registration by the military automobile inspection bodies of EMERCOM of Russia, grounds for refusal to perform registration actions was carried out. The algorithm of officials in the implementation of registration actions, proposals for improving the applicable documents has been developed. Methods. Methods of system analysis, mathematical statistics, and data systematization were used to achieve the goals and solve the research tasks. Results and its discussion. The algorithm of actions of officials of the military automobile inspection of EMERCOM of Russia developed when performing registration actions, as well as proposals for finalizing documentary forms, make it possible to automate the process of carrying out registration actions by officials of the military automobile inspection in general. The results obtained can be used to automate decision-making support during the organization of technical support, by ensuring access of management officials to up-to-date information on the availability and technical condition of vehicles. Conclusion. The proposals developed in the course of the study can be recommended for implementation in the practical activities of the military automotive inspection units of EMERCOM of Russia. The results obtained in the course of the work are recommended to be used in the improvement of information and analytical systems used in the system of EMERCOM of Russia when performing registration actions. Keywords: registration actions; military automobile inspection; vehicles; road safety; accounting information system.

Research on the Cloud Platform for Urban Rail Transit based on Track Inspection Vehicle

The aim of this paper was to improve the automation of track inspection, data utilization rate, informationization of maintenance dispatch. We designed a track inspection vehicle based on multi-sensor information fusion, then gave the method of coordinate transformation and data fusion. And then researched the service of data displaying, data management and data analysis, proposed the system architecture and network topology, realized the system deployment on the cloud. And then demonstrated stability by comparing the results of two machine tests, and proved accuracy by comparing the results of machine tests with manual tests. The result shows that it had a high accuracy and stability. At last, designed the reserve of cloud platform function extension, discussed the method of data analysis. Research shows that, the track inspection vehicle can measure the track geometric parameter. The application of cloud platform technology can reduce the cost of operation, simplify the function extension. The research result has a positive impact on solving the current problem of track inspection, improving passenger comfort and ensuring safe operation.

Optimization Design of Bridge Inspection Vehicle Boom Structure Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

Optimization Design of Bridge Inspection Vehicle Boom Structure Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

The participation of the state inspection of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine in consideration of public legal disputes

The participation of the state inspection of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine in consideration of public legal disputes

Freespan Analysis for Subsea Pipeline Integrity Management Strategy

. Over a rough seabed or on seabed subject to scour, freespans can occur when contact between a subsea pipeline and the seabed is lost over an acceptable distance. When this exceeds the allowable freespan length, design stresses can be exceeded, and a vortex induced vibration (VIV) response can be initiated, resulting in the risk of fatigue failure. If this is not predicted and controlled properly, it will affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive rectification and intervention work. Freespan analysis consisted primarily of a screening check in which the as-found freespans from Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) or multibeam Side Scan Sonar (SSS) inspection survey were compared against the design allowable lengths and determine the expected fatigue life of a freespan that may be experiencing Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV). Freespans are considered acceptable if the calculated fatigue life exceeds the design life criteria. This paper describes the freespan analysis that has been developed to perform detailed freespan engineering assessments, incorporating the latest survey and as-laid conditions. This analysis follows a methodology in standard code DNVGL RP F105 that has been accepted and used by operators to produce more accurate and less conservative freespan analysis results, leading to a subsea pipeline integrity management strategy with fewer unnecessary interventions and greater cost benefits.

Using the Poisson queueing model to improve the queue in Periodic Vehicles Inspection PVI company in Erbil city

Using the Poisson queueing model to improve the queue in Periodic Vehicles Inspection PVI company in Erbil city

Train–Track–Bridge Dynamic Interaction on a Bowstring-Arch Railway Bridge: Advanced Modeling and Experimental Validation

This article describes the validation of a 3D dynamic interaction model of the train-track-bridge system on a bowstring-arch railway bridge based on experimental tests. The train, track, and bridge subsystems were modeled on the basis of large-scale and highly complex finite elements models previously calibrated on the basis of experimental modal parameters. The train-bridge dynamic interaction problem, in the vertical direction, was efficiently solved using a dedicated computational application (TBI software). This software resorts to an uncoupled methodology that considers the two subsystems, bridge and train, as two independent structures and uses an iterative procedure to guarantee the compatibility of the forces and displacements at the contact points at each timestep. The bridge subsystem is solved by the mode superposition method, while the train subsystem is solved by a direct integration method. The track irregularities were included in the dynamic problem based on real measurements performed by a track inspection vehicle. A dynamic test under traffic actions allowed measuring the responses in the bridge, track, and vehicles, which were synchronized by GPS systems. The test results demonstrated the occurrence of upward displacements on the deck, which is a characteristic of structures with an arch structural behavior, as well as an alternation of tensile/compressive stresses between the rail and deck due to the deck-track composite effect. Furthermore, the acceleration response of the bridge proved to be significantly influenced by the train operating speed. The validation procedure involved comparing the dynamic responses obtained from the train-bridge interaction model, including track irregularities, and the responses obtained experimentally, through the test under traffic actions. A very good correlation was obtained between numerical and experimental results in terms of accelerations, displacements, and strains. The contributions derived from the parametric excitation of the train, the global/local dynamic behavior of the bridge, and the excitation derived from the track irregularities were decisive to accurately reproduce the complex behavior of the train-track-bridge system.

ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AUDIT SERVICE OF UKRAINE: STATUS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS

The article provides an analytical assessment of the activities of the State Audit Service of Ukraine (SAS of Ukraine) , as one of the controlling entities in the field of state financial control. The mission, basic principles and fundamental principles of the State Audit Service of Ukraine are defined. The main strategic goals, as well as the main priorities of the work of the institution, are disclosed. It has been found that control by the State Audit Service is ensured through state financial audit, inspection, procurement review and monitoring. The main tasks and functions of the State Audit Service in the implementation of state policy in the field of state financial control are characterized. It has been investigated that within the scope of preliminary and current control, the State Audit Service conducts audits of individual business operations and monitoring of purchases, and post-facto control includes audits of the implementation of the budget programs, audits of the implementation of local budgets, audits of the activities of business entities, verification of purchases and audits. The composition of interregional territorial bodies of the State Audit Service was studied: the Western, Southern, Northern, Northeastern and Eastern offices, which include the relevant regional offices. Analytical data on the effectiveness of the work of the State Audit Service of Ukraine for 2012-2021 are given, in particular, on the number of control measures and detected violations by their types. The structure of financial violations in 2021 is presented, of which illegal expenses and lack of financial resources occupy the largest share. Analytical data on the state of elimination of financial violations detected by the State Audit Service for the years 2012-2021, as well as the disciplinary and financial responsibility of guilty persons are presented. Digital data is visualized on the ratio of violations detected by the State Audit Service, as well as eliminated non-targeted expenditures of state resources, illegal expenditures, and shortages for the same period. It is detailed information on taking appropriate measures against violators of financial discipline by the bodies of the State Audit Service, handing over written notices of suspicion of criminal offenses, as well as bringing them to the administrative responsibility. Problematic aspects of the activity of the State Audit Service were identified and ways of solving them were proposed.

Investigation of the permitted level of damage of vehicle safety glass

Glass plays an important role in a vehicle, and it is essential to preserve the safety and security of passengers. It is called safety glass because it does not create sharp edges in the case of breaking, which can injure drivers and passengers, but scatters into many small pieces that are not dangerous (tempered glass) or remain held in place by means of an interlayer (laminated glass). During the operation of the vehicle, the glass is often damaged due to the impact of stones or other objects. The level of damage (size and character) and its location on glass determine the extent to which the safety of the use of glass is impaired. This paper presents the basic characteristics of safety glass installed in vehicles, the requirements which must fulfilled, as well as criterion for assessing its technical correctness in the technical inspection procedure. The significance of this research lies in the fact that state institutions can improve the legal regulations in the field of technical inspections of vehicles, while transportation companies can achieve appropriate financial savings in vehicle maintenance.

Low-cost Colonoscopic Simulator and Colonoscope to Train Basic Skills in Colonoscopy during Undergraduate Studies

Abstract Objective To develop a low-cost simulator model and a colonoscope with materials that are easily accessible to offer training on colonoscopy skills during undergraduate studies. Since this is the procedure of choice for colorectal cancer screening, the general practitioner must be able to recognize its main indications, preparation, and complications. Methods Using materials such as a mannequin, a vehicle inspection camera, a conduit, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, acrylic, wood, and red paint, we built a simulator and a 150-cm long and 20-to-25-mm thick colonoscope. The colonoscope's handle and handhold were made of acrylic, the colonoscope's mobile end was made with articulated PVC rings, and the up and down movements were performed according to the traction of the steel cables. The camera attached to its distal end enables connection to a smartphone to view the image. In the simulator, the conduit was inserted into the mannequin to simulate the curvatures of the colon. Red spray paint was used to simulate the staining of the colonic mucosa in the inner region of the mannequin and the adventitial layer in the outer region. Results We were able to build a simulator and a colonoscope with a total amount of R$ 182.82 (roughly US$ 36.50). Both were tested and proved to be useful in the acquisition of psychomotor and cognitive skills in colonoscopy. Conclusion The simulator and colonoscope developed by us are cost-effective, useful in the acquisition of psychomotor and cognitive skills in colonoscopy, and can facilitate the structuring of a training program for undergraduate students.

자율차 및 친환경차 보급에 따른 자동차검사의 역할과 기능에 대한 연구

자율차 및 친환경차 보급에 따른 자동차검사의 역할과 기능에 대한 연구

A bi-level model for state and county aquatic invasive species prevention decisions

Recreational boats are important vectors of spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) among waterbodies of the United States. To limit AIS spread, state and county agencies fund watercraft inspection and decontamination stations at lake access points. We present a bi-level model for determining how a state planner can efficiently allocate inspection resources to county managers, who independently decide where to locate inspection stations. In our formulation, each county manager determines a set of optimal plans for the locations of inspection stations under various resource constraints. Each plan maximizes inspections of risky boats that may carry AIS from infested to uninfested lakes within the county. Then, the state planner selects the set of county plans (i.e., one plan for each county) that maximizes the number of risky boats inspected throughout the state subject to a statewide resource constraint. We apply the model using information from Minnesota, USA, including the infestation status of 9182 lakes and estimates of annual numbers of boat movements from infested to uninfested lakes. Comparison of solutions of the bi-level model with solutions of a state-level model where a state planner selects lakes for inspection stations statewide shows that when state and county objectives are not aligned, the loss in efficiency at the state-level can be substantial.

Light Intensity Meter and Rear Position Lamp Height: Addition to Indonesian Road Safety Regulations

Forty-six percent of traffic accidents in Indonesia occur on the toll road, and 86 percent of road accidents are due to human error. The number of accidents on the toll road involving heavy vehicles is 33 percent, with the cause of the accident being hit by a vehicle from behind. This incident was caused by the driver's loss of visual perception of the presence of the vehicle in front of him, namely the driver was unable to estimate its existence with the distance of the vehicle in front, one of the reasons was that the driver did not clearly see the light emitted by the vehicle in front of him. Vehicle inspection to the vehicle class must be tested, necessary to do, which is to find out whether the vehicle is suitable for operation or not. Indonesia has not set rules that limit the light intensity and height of rear-light vehicles. From these problems, research was conducted on the design of measuring devices for measuring light intensity and height of the rear light for road safety regulations in Indonesia. The Research and Development (R&D) method is used in this study. This research is a development of previous research in designing a measuring device. Based on the design, manufacture, and testing results, this device can function according to the program design. The device design has been tested and validated, and it is hoped it can be in government policy and be applied to Vehicle Inspection Stations (UPUBKB) throughout Indonesia.

Robotic-Based Bottom Vehicle Inspection in Indonesian

In Motor Vehicle Testing, Bottom Vehicle Inspection is still done manually by means of the inspector entering the test box to see the Bottom Vehicle to ensure that the Bottom Vehicle is in good condition. Weaknesses of Manual Bottom Vehicle Inspection, making vehicle owners unable to see the condition of the Bottom Vehicle directly; if there is a problem at the Bottom of the vehicle, the vehicle inspector instructs the vehicle owner to go down under the test so that it takes up much time and there is a long queue. However, with current technological developments, it is possible for vehicle owners and vehicle inspectors to directly see the condition under the vehicle so as to create transparent public services by means of a robotic-based Bottom vehicle. This research aims to create a transparent public service between the vehicle inspector and the vehicle owner. This research method makes designs and builds Robot Bottom vehicles controlled by Arduino Nano and Raspberry. Arduino Nano is equipped with a stick to control the movement of the robot's wheel and robot arm; Raspberry is equipped with a camera to display the condition of the Bottom vehicle components and communication between systems using local area networks. The results showed that the Bottom vehicle could be seen directly and clearly so that if there is damage to the Bottom vehicle component, the vehicle owner can know firsthand the condition of the Bottom of the vehicle.