In-situ Research Articles

Interventional revision method on shunt dysfunction after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using covered stents

Objective To explore the interventional revision method on shunt dysfunction after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) using covered stents. Method Twenty-four patients with shunt dysfunction who underwent TIPS using covered stents between October 2009 and January 2013 were enrolled. Seventeen patients were males and 7 were females, with age ranging from 31 to 63, average 51±8. All the enrolled patients were characterized by recurrence of preoperative symptoms after first TIPS. All cases were treated by in-situ recanalization firstly, and when the guide wire and catheter was difficult to get through from the liver vein end to portal vein end, retrograde wire guiding technique was introduced through percutaneous transhepatic puncture. If all the attempts failed, parallel TIPS was employed. Oral administration of aspirin (0.1 g, 1/d) was conducted for antiplatelet therapy after surgery. Pair t-test was used to compare the portal venous pressure before and after the interventional revision. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by ultrasonic Doppler and the symptoms, such as upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage or intractable ascites. Follow up time was 27-66 months, and median time was 41 months. Results All the 24 cases were confirmed to be shunt stenosis by angiography, including 21 cases of stents-liver vein end stenosis and 3 cases of portal vein end stenosis. All the patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasound and 20 cases prompted shunt stenosis. The positive rate was 83.3%. Twenty patients were revised by in-situ recanalization and 4 patients were revised by parallel TIPS. Portal venous pressure decreased from (3.5 ± 0.4) kPa to (1.4 ± 0.4) kPa after interventional revision (t=18.3, P=0.001). Except one case of portal cavernoma rebleeding one month after the revision and missing follow up, all patients had no symptom recurrence and shunt restenosis by color doppler ultrasound. The second patency was 95.8% (23/24). Conclusions Stents-liver vein end stenosis was common among the shunt stenosis after TIPS. The interventional revision can improve the shunt dysfunction significantly. Key words: Restenosis,revise; Covered stents; Interventional radiology; Portasystemic shunt, transjugular intrahepatic

The relationship between expression of Her-2 and human papillomavirus and clinicopathological features in esophageal and stomach multiple primary cancers

Objective To analyze the relationship between expression of Her-2 protein and the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and clinicopathological features in upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers, and to explore the relationship between the different histological malignancies in a single-system. Methods 39 patients were primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric/cardia adenocarcinoma. By using immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, the expression of Her-2 protein in 39 cases of multiple primary cancers specimens were examined, and by using insitu hybridization (ISH) technology, the infection of HPV in the same ones were detected. Results The over-expression of Her-2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was not significantly relative to the degree of differentiation, the depth of penetration, the lymph node metastasis and the patients'age and gender (P> 0.05). The over-expression of Her-2 protein in gastric adenocarcinoma was closely correlated to the invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (P 0.05). The infection of HPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma was not significantly relative to the degree of differentiation, the depth of penetration,the lymph node metastasis, and the age and gender of the patients (P> 0.05). In the upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers, the Her-2 protein over-expression had the consistency(κ = 0.56, P< 0.05). Meanwhile, the HPV-DNA expression also had the consistency (κ = 0.80, P< 0.05). Conclusion Both Her-2 protein and HPV expression show the consistency in upper gastrointestinal multiple primary cancers,which suggests that Her-2 protein and HPV may be the common oncogenic factors for both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Key words: Esophageal neoplasms; Carcinoma, squamous cell; Stomach neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; Her-2 protein; Human papillomavirus

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive adenocarcinoma of lung: a cytopathologic analysis

To study the cytomorphologic features of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The morphologic features in 153 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cytology specimens encountered during the period from September, 2011 to April, 2015 in Shanghai Cancer Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and/or immunohistochemistry (Ventana D5F3) for ALK gene rearrangement were carried out. The samples studied included 34 pleural effusion specimens, 40 endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirates (EBUS-TBNA) and 79 fine needle aspirates of palpable masses on body surface. Thirty-nine cases (25.5%) of ALK-rearranged samples were identified by FISH and/or immunohistochemistry, including 3 cases diagnosed by FISH and 36 cases by both technologies. The median age of the ALK-positive group was 50 years, significantly younger than that of the ALK-negative group (60 years old, P = 0.002). Only 4 of the ALK-positive patients were smokers, which was significantly less than that of the ALK-negative group (P < 0.01). In ALK-positive group, 3 cases showed cribriform pattern with prominent nucleoli, 3 cases showed cribriform pattern with mucin-rich cells and 8 cases showed extracellular mucus with mucin-rich cells. The above cytomorphologic patterns were significantly less common in ALK-negative tumors (P < 0.01). ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma is associated with certain distinctive morphologic patterns, including cribriform architecture, presence of prominent nucleoli, mucin-rich cells and extracellular mucus, which can be observed in cytology specimens (including conventional smears and cell block sections). These findings, when combined with clinical features, may give clues to detection of ALK-positive cases.

Tibial intramedullary implant in a cadaver- A rare case report

A rare case of in-situ intramedullary nail was observed in a cadaver during the routine dissection in the Anatomy Department of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. The case is reported for its utility in teaching not only clinical anatomy but also a good tool in learning instrumentation by trainees in orthopaedic surgery. Intramedullary nail of tibia is an implant placed in the medullary canal of tibia for the treatment of fracture of shaft of tibia.In the present cadaver a proximal and two distal screws were detected in the right tibia. Radiograph of the tibia with in-situ implants was taken. The tibia was sawed to remove the implant due to non availability of appropriate orthopaedic instruments. Such an incidental finding of surgical implants in the cadaver proved beneficial for clinicians and anatomists alike.

Model-based in-situ measurement of pakchoi leaf area

Leaf area measurement is of great significance in plant growth process monitoring. It poses challenges to perform an unattended in-situ measurement, arising from quantifying the 3-dimensional pakchoi leaf surface. Conventional non-destructive measurement techniques, which usually take its projection on the horizon plane of the leaf area, inevitably cause considerable measurement errors. In order to improve the measurement precision for leaf area, the exemplar pakchoi leaf was modeled as a complete or a piecewise spatial plane to approximate the actual leaf surface, and a machine-vision based ad hoc measuring platform was developed to conduct the in-situ measurement. First, the leaf image was captured by a stereo vision system and segmented via a semi-automatic process to obtain its projective area and spatial inclination angle. Second, pakchoi leaves were modeled as spatial surfaces regarding to their projected counterparts. Third, leaf areas were calculated according to the established planar spatial model, acquired inclination angles and projective areas. The experimental comparison among the lattice-based monotype method, projection method, and the model-based method, whose results are denoted as MA, PA, and EA respectively, showed that the proposed framework could simultaneously meet the accuracy and non-destructive measurement requirements. The constructed platform also provided a cost-effective semi-automatic measurement approach for continuously in-situ monitoring of pakchoi growth during its whole cultivation period. It is further suggested from the experimental results that the proposed methodology can offer a generic measurement solution to various kinds of plant physiological and ecological studies in future researches. Keywords: leaf area, in-situ measurement, non-destructive measurement, stereo vision, image processing DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150804.1442 Citation: Gong L, Chen R, Zhao Y S, Liu C L. Model-based in-situ measurement of pakchoi leaf area. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(4): 35－42.

Significance of C-myc expression in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia and its relation with prognosis

To study the C-myc gene and protein in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) and its relationship to prognosis. 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL with follow-up data were studied by using immunohistochemical EnVision method for CD1a, CD3, εCD3, CD7, CD10, CD34, CD43, CD45RO, CD99, TDT, CD20, CD23, MPO, Ki-67 and C-myc. 20 cases of reactive lymph nodes were selected as normal control group of C-myc gene and protein. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for C-myc gene (located on chromosome8q24) was performed to detect its breakage and gain. Among the 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, immunohistochemistry results showed:the percentages of tumor cells expression of CD1a, CD3, εCD3, CD7, CD10, CD34, CD43, CD45RO, CD99 and TDT were 38.3% (23/60), 75.0% (45/60), 45.0% (27/60), 95.0% (57/60), 36.7% (22/60), 23.3% (14/60), 60.0% (36/60), 41.7% (25/60), 96.7% (58/60) and 93.3% (56/60). Separately, while CD20, CD23 and MPO were all negative. A figure of Ki-67 expression ≤ 80% was found in 36 cases and > 80% was found in 24 cases. The positive rate of C-myc protein was 66.7% (40/60) in 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, was 0% (0/20) in 20 cases of reactivated lymphoid tissue (χ² = 26.67, P < 0.05). C-myc protein expression was positively correlated with the mediatinal width and Ki-67 index (P < 0.05). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization results showed that among the 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, C-myc gene with breakage of 8q24 was detected in 6 cases (10.0%), and gains in 11 cases (18.3%). 20 cases of reactive lymph nodes were not occurred breakage and gains of C-myc gene. It is not significant between C-myc gene and protein expression (P > 0.05). In addition, in 60 cases of T-LBL/ALL, 12(20.0%) cases of C-myc protein and genetic abnormalities coexist. Log-rank analysis results: The prognosis of C-myc protein positive group was worse than negative group (P < 0.05). The relationship of C-myc gene and prognosis was not significant (P > 0.05). C-myc protein and genetic abnormality coexist is related with worse prognosis (P < 0.05). COX analysis results show that the C-myc protein positive group may be a independent poor prognosis factors (P < 0.05). C-myc may play an important role on the development of T-LBL/ALL. It may be a independent prognosis factors.

Peter Swann’s Key Role in the Past, Present and Future of Dynamic In-situ TEM

Peter Swann’s Key Role in the Past, Present and Future of Dynamic In-situ TEM

Community Agro Biodiversity Conservation Continuum:An Integrated Approach to Achieve Food and Nutrition Security

Agrobiodiversity is a confluence of the past, present and future and both a tangible and intangible resource critical for both rural and urban food and nutrition security. Transformation in agricultural technologies, land and water use and urbanization has been largely responsible for its rapid erosion. In-situ conservation of crops and varieties within the context of communities is being increasingly recognized an important pathway for sustainable use of agrobiodiversity. The present article describes a C4 Approach that pay concurrent attention to conservation, cultivation, consumption and commerce of agrobiodiversity resources, conceptualized and operationalized by the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation in three agrobiodiversity hotspots of India. The C4 Approach consists of a series of village level interventions like establishment of gene-seed-grain banks, participatory conservation systems, participatory varietal selection, seed purification, promotion of farmer to farmer seed exchange, promotion of good agronomic and planting practices, use of small machinery for processing rice and millets at local level, product diversification and linking to markets for strengthening livelihoods as well as mainstreaming use of agrobiodiversity among urban consumers. Training and capacity development and institutionalization of the efforts through formation of grassroots institutions dovetailed with science based interventions were important components aimed at sustaining the efforts.

Clinicopathologic analysis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-like cells

To study the clinicopathologic features and pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with HRS-like cells. Six cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with HRS-like cells were examined histologically and immunohistochemically (EliVision method) and in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER), and the literature was reviewed. The cytologic and microscopic features of these imprints and lymph node samples showed a heterogeneous population of hematolymphoid cells, including small to intermediate lymphoid cells, immunoblasts, plasma cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils, as well as small vessels that were surrounded by some of the abnormal cells. The neoplastic T-cells expressed CD3 and CD5 and partly positive for CD10 and bcl-6, CD21 showed expanded and irregular follicular dendritic cell (FDC) meshworks that surrounding the high HEV. The HRS-like cells were positive for MUM-1 and Ki-67, variable intensity positive for CD30, CD20, and PAX-5, but negative for CD15. EBV-positive cells included HRS-like cells and small to large-sized neoplastic T-cells, which formed small clusters or scattering in the background of the disease. The clinical course of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with HRS-like cells is aggressive. Which present with histomorphology overlap with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), similar to CHL in EBER and immunophenotype, however, it is easy to misdiagnosis as HL. Thus, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma pathology diagnosis should comprehensive analysis of different kinds of materials, including clinical features, and histological structure, and EBER, and immunophenotype, and gene rearrangement.

Duplication 3q13.11q23: Longitudinal study in a patient over a period of more than 7 years and refinements of the breakpoints.

In 2006, we reported the first case with a pure duplication of proximal 3q. In these rare aberrations, detailed clinical and developmental investigations at different ages are required to provide sufficient phenotypic documentation. Clinical and psychological differences were therefore regularly documented in our case. Supplemental genetic investigations comprised conventional karyotyping, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis, and microsatellite typing. Thus, the exact position and extension of the duplication (3q13.11q23), the size (35.6 Mb), and the paternal origin could be determined. The development of our patient was followed up in detail over a period of 7.5 yr and thus enabled specific characterization of the phenotype of the patient.

Introduction to Methodology Framework towards Water Quality Assessment. Case Study: A Review of Malacca River

Water is a basic resources required by organisms for survival. Various activities have caused water quality to remain contaminated. These problems are present in the Malacca River, Malacca state. This research study has been carried out based on methodology framework review towards water quality assessment in Malacca River. Methodology can be divided into three processes, namely the planning process, applying process, and analyzing process. The planning process includes the design to collect and gather, analyze, and present the data in result form, for example qualitative or quantitative analysis, and primary data or secondary data. Applying process refers to the methods used to collect and gather data for analysis; for example, primary data will require researcher to collect raw samples data from the site, and secondary data will require researcher to collect data from government departments and institutions, the private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and so on. Lastly, the analyzing process refers to the raw data undergoing analysis to provide result and information; for example, primary raw data and secondary raw data will need to be analyzed in a laboratory, in-situ analysis, GIS analysis, remote sensing analysis, other system analysis, and so on, depending on the objective of research study. If there were no mistakes or errors before, during and after collecting data, the results and information generated can determine the achievement of objectives or hypotheses of a research study.

The Second Decadal Leading Mode of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

The first decadal leading mode of East Asian summer rainfall (EASR) is characterized by rainfall anomalies along the East Asian subtropical rain belt. This study focuses on the second decadal leading mode (2DLM), accounting for 17.3% of rainfall decadal vari- ance, as distinct from the other two neighboring modes of EAMR, based on the state-of-the-art in-situ rainfall data. This mode is characterized by a South-China-wet-Huaihe- River-dry pattern, and is dominated by a quasi-30-yr pe- riod. Further analysis reveals the 2DLM corresponds to an enhanced lower-level monsoon jet, an eastward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high, and a weakened East Asian upper-level westerly jet flow. The Tibetan Plateau surface temperature and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are closely linked with the 2DLM. The regressed SST pattern indicates the PDO-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies may have a telecon- nection relationship with the 2DLM of EASR.

Numerical Simulation of CO 2 Concentrations in East Asia with RAMS-CMAQ

AbstractThe regional air quality modeling system RAMS-CMAQ (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System and Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality) was developed by incorporating a vegetation photosynthesis and respiration module (VPRM) and used to simulate temporal-spatial variations in atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia, with prescribed surface CO2 fluxes (i.e., fossil fuel emission, biomass burning, sea-air CO2 exchange, and terrestrial biosphere CO2 flux). Comparison of modeled CO2 mixing ratios with eight ground-based in-situ measurements demonstrated that the model was able to capture most observed CO2 temporal-spatial features. Simulated CO2 concentrations were generally in good agreement with observed concentrations. Results indicated that the accumulated impacts of anthropogenic emissions contributed more to increased CO2 concentrations in urban regions relative to remote locations. More-over, RAMS-CMAQ analysis demonstrates that surface CO2 concentrations in East Asia are strongly influenc...

Effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of bleached enamel: An in vitro vs. in situ study

ObjectivesEvaluate the effect of different storage conditions on bleached enamel using Knoop microhardness (KHN) and colour variation. MethodsForty-eight tooth blocks were divided into four groups (n=12), based on storage media (SM): purified water (PW), artificial saliva (AS), natural saliva (NS), in situ (IS). Three whitening sessions were carried out using 35% hydrogen peroxide, with a week interval. Colour and KHN measurements were taken before the samples were placed in the SM (t1), after 24h in the SM (t2), and after 24h at the end of the bleaching treatment (t3). Two extra samples from each group were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). KHN results were analysed by PROC-MIXED and Tukey–Kramer test (α=0.05), and colour changes were evaluated using ΔL, Δa, Δb, ΔE between the different times Δ1(t1−t2), Δ2(t2−t3) using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn's test (α=0.05). ResultsSignificant statistical difference was noted in KHN at t3, with the lowest values found for PW. As for colour analysis in ΔE2 and Δb2, IS showed values that were statistically lower when compared to AS. Likewise, there were differences between PW and AS in relation to IS when evaluating ΔL2. In addition, NS showed similar values to IS. ConclusionsThe storage conditions had different effects on the physical properties of bleached enamel. NS was the only SM that showed similar behaviour to IS. Clinical SignificanceNS proved an effective SM in the protection and recovery of damage caused by bleaching and is a viable SM for in vitro studies.

Formation of high-density crystalline-shape gold nanoparticles on indium tin oxide surfaces: effects of alcohothermal seeding.

We found that the gold nanoparticles with high-density and crystalline-shape, such as nanocubes, nanobricks, pentahedral nanorods, etc., can be realized on the surface by using a seed-mediated growth method with a unique seeding process, namely alcohothermal. By using a conventional growth solution that contains HAuCl4, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, NaOH and ascorbic acid, gold nanoparticles with crystalline-morphology (gold nanocrystals) of yield up to ca. 95%, can be prepared. An alcohothermal seeding was carried out by a thermal reduction of gold ions from an alcoholic solution of gold salt on the surface through an annealing process at a moderate temperature, namely 250 degrees C. It is believed that the unique initial characteristic (presumably the structures) of the gold nanoseeds particles as the result of peculiar nanoseeds formation process, prepared using this approach, instead of a simple thermal restructuring of the as prepared nanoseeds as confirmed by the results of annealing treatment on the nanoseed prepared using the normal and in-situ reduction seeding, was as the driving factor for the projected growth of crystalline-shape gold nanoparticles on the surface. The crystalline-shape gold nanoparticles modified-surface should find a potential application in catalysis, sensors and SERS.

Remote Sensing towards Water Quality Study in Malacca River. Case Study: A Review Perspective

Water is among the natural resources that needed by living organisms such as human. Rapid development through human activities leading to the water pollution existed in river, for example Malacca River. Therefore, a literature review has been conducted to identify the effectiveness of using remote sensing towards water quality in Malacca River. Various research studies conducted by scientists and researchers stated that data from the satellite like Landsat, IKONOS, SPOT, IRS, CZCS, and SeaWiFS may be applied in assessing water quality parameters including suspended matter, turbidity, phytoplankton, and dissolved organic matter. The measurement for water quality parameters can be carried out through in-situ measurement, as experimental examination may be done through on-site studies and inside laboratories. Water quality assessment is extremely needed to strengthen the result produced through analysis of remote sensing data to determine the impacts and factors that contributed to the river pollution. As a result, remote sensing data from Landsat, IKONOS, Quickbird and SPOT may be applied to determine water quality parameters such as suspended matter, phytoplankton, turbidity, dissolved organic matter, and other parameters in the Malacca River. As conclusion, remote sensing has become a tool in monitoring and solving water quality issues, serving as a basis for management activities and planning activities in terms of river

Hyperspectral imaging-based approach for the in-situ characterization of ancient Roman wall paintings

A diagnostic study was recently carried out on fragments of wall paintings belonging to the decorations of an old Roman residential villa of the Ager Gabinus, in the locality Pratolungo (Rome, Italy). The study was organized in two stages. A first stage, in which small splinters of these painted specimens were embedded in resin to obtain polished and thin cross-sections to study by optical microscopy and a second phase, in which the specimens were analyzed by Raman Spectrometry and HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI). The results obtained by classical methods (i.e. optical microscopy), were compared with those resulting from non-destructive investigation such as, Raman spectroscopy and HSI based techniques. The attention was particularly addressed to the utilization of HSI in the SWIR range (1000-2500 nm), being this techniques potentially used directly in situ without any physical sampling/removal of the specimen of interest. The collected hyperspectral data (i.e. images) were processed applying chemometric methods. For its intrinsic characteristics, the utilization of HSI as a diagnostic tool in the field of cultural heritage is of great interest and it presents high potentialities, being this analysis intrinsically non-destructive, non-invasive and in principle applicable in any site. Furthermore, the possibility to couple hyperspectral data with chemometric techniques allows getting not only qualitative but also quantitative information on the nature and the physical-chemical attributes and characteristics of the investigated materials. Following this strategy, it is thus possible to obtain information comparable with those commonly acquired by optical microscopy, allowing also the identification of pigments and the constituent materials directly in situ.

A Study on Notification System Design of Smartphone Messenger Considering the User’s Stress

Background Many smartphone users experience stress from receiving notifications all of the time. More than half of smartphone notifications come from messengers. This study attempts to understand the users’ stress from receiving smartphone messenger notifications, and determines the stressors. Also, this study identifies and validates notification design considerations to reduce stress from smartphone messengers. Methods First, an online survey was conducted with 95 smartphone user participants who used the same messenger application. Second, we extracted notification design considerations based on repeated affinity analysis of the keywords from the survey data. Third, the considerations were validated through two in-situ experiments during four weeks each. Result Six stressors were founded in three categories from the survey data. From this understanding, three design considerations for the notification system in smartphone messengers were proposed, in which the user can still be effectively aware of his or her notifications but can also reduce stress in his or her life. We validated two considerations through two experiments, and we found that the three design considerations are complementary. Conclusion This study suggests three design considerations for developing smartphone messenger notification system. The results can expand in two directions. First is to expand the general notifications in the smartphone, including the messenger. Another method is to expand the general stress of the messenger, including notification stress.

Phytogeographical affinities at the crossroads of two continents: Distribution patterns of Lamiaceae in Chios Island (East Aegean Islands, Greece) and Çeşme–Karaburun Peninsula (West Anatolia, Turkey)

The East Aegean (East Aegean Islands, Greece and West Anatolia, Turkey) is a biogeographically transitional region, where biodiversity elements from Europe and Asia join. However, affinities in the region were until recently scarcely explored. We assess biogeographical affinities in the East Aegean focusing on distribution patterns of Lamiaceae plants in Chios Island and its adjacent Cesme–Karaburun Peninsula. Detailed in-situ record was acquired for 48 native species. These were grouped based on their habitat and geological substrate preference, their distribution was mapped in grid cells and distribution patterns were analysed in relation to species groupings. In both Chios and Cesme–Karaburun, species follow five distribution patterns: widespread, locally widespread, locally restricted, sporadic and rare. Fifty to 62% of the species exhibit similar distribution patterns, trends in habitat and geological substrate preference in Chios and Cesme–Karaburun, results complying with previous evidence of close...

Distributions of crystals and gas bubbles in reservoir ice during growth period

In order to understand the dominant factors of the physical properties of ice in ice thermodynamics and mechanics, in-situ observations of ice growth and decay processes were carried out. Two samplings were conducted in the fast and steady ice growth stages. Ice pieces were used to observe ice crystals and gas bubbles in ice, and to measure the ice density. Vertical profiles of the type and size of ice crystals, shape and size of gas bubbles, and gas bubble content, as well as the ice density, were obtained. The results show that the upper layer of the ice pieces is granular ice and the lower layer is columnar ice; the average crystal size increases with the ice depth and remains steady in the fast and steady ice growth stages; the shape of gas bubbles in the upper layer of ice pieces is spherical with higher total content, and the shape in the middle and lower layers is cylinder with lower total content; the gas bubble size and content vary with the ice growth stage; and the ice density decreases with the increase of the gas bubble content.