Insignificant Effect Research Articles

Analysis of Capital Market Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria

This study examined the analysis of capital market development and economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2022. As a result, the real gross domestic product was used as the dependent variable while independent variables in the study included market capitalisation, all share index, value of transactions, total number of new issues and exchange rate. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Modelling (ARDL) technique as well as the Engle Granger causality test were used to analyse the data obtained from the CBN statistical bulletin. The results emanating from the analysis reported that the total number of new issues had a positive impact on economic growth while other variables had insignificant effects on economic growth. Furthermore, the causality results revealed that all the stock market variables had a uni-directional causality running from each of them to economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended that new issues in the capital market should be seriously regulated as they can affect economic growth in a significant manner.

Improving analysis of cognitive outcomes in cardiovascular trials using different statistical approaches

BackgroundThe Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires are commonly used to measure global cognition in clinical trials. Because these scales are discrete and bounded with ceiling and floor effects and highly skewed, their analysis as continuous outcomes presents challenges. Normality assumptions of linear regression models are usually violated, which may result in failure to detect associations with variables of interest.MethodsAlternative approaches to analyzing the results of these cognitive batteries include transformations (standardization, square root, or log transformation) of the scores in the multivariate linear regression (MLR) model, the use of nonlinear beta-binomial regression (which is not dependent on the assumption of normality), or Tobit regression, which adds a latent variable to account for bounded data. We aim to empirically compare the model performance of all proposed approaches using four large randomized controlled trials (ORIGIN, TRANSCEND, COMPASS, and NAVIGATE-ESUS), and using as metrics the Akaike information criterion (AIC). We also compared the treatment effects for the methods that have the same unit of measure (i.e., untransformed MLR, beta-binomial, and Tobit).ResultsThe beta-binomial consistently demonstrated superior model performance, with the lowest AIC values among nearly all the approaches considered, followed by the MLR with square root and log transformations across all four studies. Notably, in ORIGIN, a substantial AIC reduction was observed when comparing the untransformed MLR to the beta-binomial, whereas other studies had relatively small AIC reductions. The beta-binomial model also resulted in a significant treatment effect in ORIGIN, while the untransformed MLR and Tobit regression showed no significance. The other three studies had similar and insignificant treatment effects among the three approaches.ConclusionWhen analyzing discrete and bounded outcomes, such as cognitive scores, as continuous variables, a beta-binomial regression model improves model performance, avoids spurious significance, and allows for a direct interpretation of the actual cognitive measure.Trials registrationORIGIN (NCT00069784). Registered on October 1, 2003; TRANSCEND (NCT00153101). Registered on September 9, 2005; COMPASS (NCT01776424). Registered on January 24, 2013; NAVIGATE-ESUS (NCT02313909). Registered on December 8, 2014.

ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT, GDP, AND PESO – BAHT EXCHANGE RATE ON PHILIPPINE TRADE IN DESICCATED COCONUT USING THE GRAVITY MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of freight transport, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Peso-Baht exchange rate on the trade of desiccated coconut between the Philippines and Thailand, utilizing the Gravity Model of International Trade. The primary aim is to understand the significant factors influencing the trade flow and to identify areas for improvement in international competitiveness. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in international trade theories, focusing on the Gravity Model, which emphasizes the roles of economic mass and geographical distance in determining trade flows. Method: This study made use of the ADF - Unit Root Test, Durbin – Watson Test, Jarque – Bera Test, Variance Inflationary Factor (VIF), Chow Breakpoint Test, Ramsey’s RESET, and Johansen Cointegration, to test the relationship between variables. Results and Discussion: The results of this study highlights the positive, yet insignificant effect of Thailand, and Philippines’ GDP on the trade in desiccated coconut. The exchange rate, and freight transport negatively impacts the trade, however, it is notable that only freight transport having a significant effect. Research Implications: The study provides insights into the logistical and economic challenges in the desiccated coconut trade, suggesting that addressing transportation inefficiencies and stabilizing exchange rates could enhance trade performance. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by applying an innovative approach to desiccated coconut, revealing how logistical inefficiencies and economic variables affect trade flows and influence policy decisions. This research aids in enhancing trade efficiency between agricultural-exporting nations like the Philippines and Thailand.

Evaluation of External Financing and Technology Investment Quality of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Purpose: This study examined the effects of external financing on technology investment quality of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed ex-post facto research design. 44 listed manufacturing firms on NGX as at 31st December, 2023 form the study population while 43 firms were selected as the sample using census sampling technique. Data were collected from annual audited financial reports and subjected to multiple regression analysis. Findings: The findings from the analysis revealed that long term debt has positive significant effect on research and development but insignificant negative effect on return on investment and operational efficiency. Also, it was found that short term debt has positive significant effect on return on investment but negative insignificant effect on operational efficiency and research and development. Practical Implication: The study concluded that finance from short term debt is crucial for manufacturing firms to earn optimum returns from their innovative investment. It is therefore recommended that management of manufacturing firms strategically align their external finances with investment in capital technology. Originality/Value: The originality of this study is such that, it may emerge as one of the pioneer studies to investigate the effect of external financing on the quality of technological investment within the Nigerian manufacturing sector.

Effect of length-to-height ratio on fracture properties of asymmetrical single-edge notched beam (ASENB) specimen made of ceramic under full range mixed mode I/II loading state

Asymmetrical single-edge notched beam (ASENB) specimen is among the suitable specimens for measuring full mode I/II fracture parameters. However, in lack of a standard or common method, researchers used this specimen with different geometers, which have proven can affect the results. This research evaluated the effect of ASENB’s geometry on fracture parameters numerically and experimentally. First, the finite element method determined the geometry factors (YI and YII) and non-singular (T-stress) fracture parameters. Then, the experimental fracture tests were conducted using ceramic material. Results show it is more reasonable to express the YI and YII based on S1/L and S2/H, instant S1/L, and S2/L. In other words, the geometry factors can be expressed better based on the height of the specimen and not length. So, for ASENB specimens tested in conventional S1/L of 0.7 to 0.9, the pure mode-II condition was generated in 0.05 < S2/H < 0.14. The modeling showed that the non-singular term of fracture (T-stress) was significant compared to fracture toughness, so the Biaxiality was measured as 0.5 to −2.5, more significant for pure mode-II and almost regardless of the a/H ratio. As experimental tests show, the relative length of the ASENB specimen has an insignificant effect on measured fracture toughness, so a more compact specimen with L/H of about 2 to 4 can suggested for tests.

Waste glass as a source for green synthesis of mesoporous adsorbent for efficient removal of heavy metals

Mesoporous analcime Adsorbent (MaA) was cogently synthesized in a hydrothermal reaction where a waste silica glass powder was mixed into NaOH solution. The satisfactory reaction properties were achieved by regulating the conditioning time (Ct), reaction temperature (Rt), and relative ratio of the reactants (Rr= SiO2:Na2O). XRF, XRD, SEM, BET, FTIR, AFM, TG and TEM analysis formed part of the selected samples. The prepared MaA adsorbent was then applied to treat Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions, thus effectively allowing the physicochemical properties (pH, temperature and contact duration), on the adsorption amount to be examined. Upon completion, the results indicated that the initial pH as well as the contact duration had notable effect on the adsorption amount. Conversely, the temperature change had an insignificant effect on the equilibrium adsorption amount. In addition, a dosage of 0.1 g of MaA, concentration of 1000 mg/L, pH ranging from 6−8, and temperature of about 25°C were found to be the optimum process conditions for the adsorption of the examined heavy metals, whereas difference in contact time was recorded as follows: 1 h for Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions with adsorption amounts of 75.081 mg/g and 74.054 mg/g, respectively; and 3 h for Cd2+ ion with adsorption equal to 75.530 mg/g. In the analysis of the trend, the coefficients of correlation (R2=0.99) of the Langmuir isotherm model were increasingly consistent compared to Freundlich isotherm model (R2 from 0.10 to 0.55), thus indicating that the process to be a homogeneous monomolecular layer adsorption. Moreover, the kinetic aspects were similarly consistent in relation to quasi-secondary kinetic equation, which then further established that the process was primarily controlled by ion exchange, extra-particle, intra-particle, and liquid film diffusion. In addition, research on the potential reusability of MaA adsorbent after being employed to treat heavy metals was also performed. The crystalline phase of the composite after subjected to high temperature indicated wollastonite (CaSiO₃) and gregoryite (Na₂CO₃) as the main mineralogical phases. These minerals are beneficial in the preparation of functional building materials by promoting a sustainable solution for the full recycling of waste glass and contributing to efficient solid waste management and environment protection.

Firm Characteristics, Interest Rate And Financial Performance Of Microfinance Banks In Kenya

Microfinance Banks gives the forte to improve the economic activity of low-income individuals and eliminate poverty, resulting in economic progress. However, microfinance's Banks financial performance in Kenya has declined over time. The objective of this study is to investigate firm characteristics, interest rate and financial performance of microfinance banks in Kenya. The study was grounded on buffer capital, efficiency structure and interest rate parity theories. The study research methodology rested on positivism research philosophy. Research design was explanatory non-experimental design. Secondary panel data was utilized. 13 microfinance banks in Kenya were target. Information was gathered using secondary data sources from microfinance banks accounting report from 2016 to 2022. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used multiple regressions and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation analysis. All ethical considerations were appropriately observed. Findings indicated that adequacy of capital exerts a notable and direct effect on financial performance, underscoring the importance for microfinance banks in Kenya to prioritize maintaining sufficient capital levels to support their overall stability and financial outcomes. Conversely, quality of asset demonstrates a significant and adverse influence on performance financially, highlighting the need for microfinance banks to enhance their credit assessment processes to ensure the quality of their loan portfolios. The research revealed that efficiency of management has an insignificant direct influence on financial performance of Microfinance banks. To address this, microfinance banks are advised to invest in comprehensive management training programs and capacitybuilding initiatives to improve operational effectiveness and decision-making processes. Earning ability, on the other hand, exhibits a considerable and direct influence on financial performance. Microfinance banks should thus focus on continuous innovation of their products and services to enhance their earning potential and overall financial outcomes. Liquidity levels exhibit an insignificant and inverse effect on the financial performance outcomes. To mitigate potential risks, microfinance banks should establish comprehensive policies and procedures to monitor and manage liquidity effectively. Interestingly, the study reveals that the connection concerning firm-level attributes and financial outcomes for microfinance institutions in Kenya does not appear to be subject to a substantial moderating influence from interest rate movements. Therefore, the survey recommends that microfinance banks concentrate on improving governance structures, operational efficiency, risk management practices, and asset quality. This can be achieved through capacity-building programs, training initiatives, and adopting best practices from successful microfinance institutions. Strengthening these firm characteristics will enable microfinance banks to enhance their financial performance, irrespective of interest rate fluctuations

Analysis of Convergence and the Scenarios of Economic Growth in Indonesia Using System Dynamic Approach

This study aims to determine whether there is sigma convergence and beta convergence in Indonesia, to determine the effect of electricity infrastructure, human development, and ICT on convergence of economic growth, and to determine the scenario that can accelerate economic growth in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data. The methods used are convergence analysis, panel data regression analysis, and dynamic system approach. The results showed that there was sigma convergence and no beta convergence in Indonesia in 2013-2022. Electricity infrastructure, human development, and ICT have not been able to encourage convergence of economic growth with electricity infrastructure having a significant negative effect, human development having a significant positive effect, and ICT having an insignificant negative effect. Scenarios that can be done to accelerate economic growth are structural scenarios and parameter scenarios.

Full-scale in-situ tests on a displacement cast in situ energy pile: Effects of cyclic thermal loads under different mechanical load levels on pile stress and strain

Numerous full-scale in situ tests have been conducted to assess the effect of thermal cycles on the pile response. However, those studies investigated the response of only precast and cast in-situ energy piles, with limited focus on the impact of the applied mechanical load on the pile response. This study presents the results of a field test conducted on a new type of energy pile, i.e. a displacement cast in-situ energy pile in multilayered soft soils, subjected to different fixed mechanical loads while undergoing simultaneous thermal cycles. Four tests were carried out, each corresponding to various axial loads ranging from 0 to 60% of the pile’s estimated bearing capacity. After applying the axial load on the pile head (0%, 30%, 40%, or 60% of the bearing capacity), the pile was subjected to up to ten thermal cycles. The highest magnitudes of thermal axial strains were observed near the pile top due to the lowest restraint provided by the made ground layer in all tests. Under zero (0%) mechanical load, the thermal axial strains near the pile head were elastic and recoverable, while residual strain was observed near the toe. Under reasonable working mechanical loads (30%, 40%, or 60%) residual strains were observed near both the pile head and the toe, with higher residual strains observed under higher mechanical loads. The results indicate that the cyclic thermal loadings could induce an increase in the compressive stress in the energy pile, attributed to the drag-down effects of the surrounding soil. The compressive stress induced by drag-down effects counteracts thermally induced tensile stress and thus leads to an insignificant effect on the energy pile during cooling. A limited impact of the shaft capacity was observed and was mainly attributed to the drag-down of the surrounding soil and thermal creep along the pile-soil interface.

The effect of social media use on mental health of college students during the pandemic.

Social media is viewed to be a key contributor to worsening mental health in adolescents, as most recently reflected in a public health advisory by the US Surgeon General. We provide new evidence on the causal effects of social media on mental health of college students during the Covid-19 pandemic, exploiting unique, longitudinal data collected before the Covid-19 pandemic began and at two points during the pandemic. We find small insignificant effects of social media 4months into the pandemic during a period of social distancing, but large statistically significant negative effects 18months into the pandemic when colleges were mostly back to normal operations. Using rich data on substance use, exercise, sleep, stress, and social support, we find some evidence of substitution away from activities that better support mental health at later stages of the pandemic but not at early stages. We find that the negative effects of social media are mostly concentrated among socially-isolated students. Both social support and resilience protect students from the negative effects of social media use. Policy implications include regulating social media while also bolstering social support and resilience as important protective factors.

Dry-aged beef quality with the addition of Mucor flavus – Sensory, chemosensory and fatty acid analysis

Dry-aged beef is a premium product known for its unique taste and aroma. These characteristics are thought to partially depend on the composition of the microorganisms present on the meat surface during ageing. Recently several attempts to standardise this process were made. This study aimed to assess the effect of a fungal biostarter application on the profile of volatile compounds, fatty acid composition and sensory quality of dry-aged beef. The Longissimus muscle used in the experiment originated from 20 crossbred (10 heifers and 10 steers) animals from the crossing of Holstein-Friesian cows with beef breed bulls. A fungal biostarter composed of Mucor flavus strain KKP2092p was used for meat inoculation. Half of the material was aged without the use of a biostarter (Control samples). The dry-ageing of the meat was performed at a temperature of 1.5 °C with approximately 80–90 % relative humidity for 28 days. The use of Mucor flavus KKP2092p improved meat quality attributes (aroma liking, flavour and overall liking) as a result of the formation of specific volatile compounds. The profile of volatile compounds in the meat aged with Mucor flavus and control variants was differentiated. This study also indicated that Mucor flavus biostarter had an impact on the specific fatty acid composition. An insignificant effect of Mucor flavus on lipid oxidation expressed as mg/kg of malonaldehyde was also observed.

Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi, Keputusan Pendanaan dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Kesehatan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2020-2022

This study aims to analyze the influence of Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions and Dividend Policies on Company Value in Health Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 Period. This research is an associative quantitative research. Samples using purposive sampling techniques. The sample amounted to 11 companies from 31 health sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. Multiple linear regression data analysis technique using SPSS 2022 for windows software. The data analysis used is normality test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, multicolonicity test, multiple linear regression test, t test, f test and determination coefficient test. The results showed that Investment Decisions had an insignificant negative effect on company value, Funding Decisions had a positive insignificant effect on company value and Dividend Policy had a negative insignificant effect on company value.

Analisis Pengaruh Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter Melalui Jalur Suku Bunga Dan Harga Aset Terhadap Inflasi Di Indonesia Tahun 2017-2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of monetary policy transmission through the interest rate channel using the Bank Indonesia Certificate Interest Rate (RSBI) and the Interbank Money Market Interest Rate (RPUAB) indicators and through the asset price channel using the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) and Real Investment (IR) indicators. The data used is secondary data obtained from the official website of Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data analysis used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the Eviews 10 application. The results of this study indicate that in the long run the Bank Indonesia Certificate Interest Rate (RSBI) has a significant negative effect on inflation, the Interbank Money Market Interest Rate (RPUAB) has a significant positive effect on inflation, the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) has a significant negative effect on inflation, and Real Investment (IR) has a positive and significant effect on inflation. While in the short term, the Bank Indonesia Certificate Interest Rate (RSBI) has a negative and insignificant effect on inflation, the Interbank Money Market Interest Rate (RPUAB) has a negative and insignificant effect on inflation, the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) has a negative and insignificant effect on inflation, and Real Investment (IR) has a positive and insignificant effect on inflation.

Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Sikap Keuangan, dan Self Efficacy Terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan Ibu Rumah Tangga

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of financial literacy, financial attitudes and self-efficacy on financial management behavior among housewives in RT 04 Dusun Turi, Kembangan Village. This type of research uses quantitative research. Quantitative research is research using survey data that is quantified and statistically analyzed. Classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing are the test instruments used in this research. The financial literacy variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the dependent variable, namely financial management behavior. The financial attitude variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the dependent variable, namely financial management behavior. The independent variable, namely self-efficacy, has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable, namely financial management behavior. Meanwhile, financial literacy, financial attitudes and self-efficacy simultaneously have a positive and insignificant influence on financial management behavior among housewives in RT 04 Dusun Turi, Kembangan Village.

Influence of Work Discipline and Teamwork on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as An Intervening Variable In The Employment BPJS Branch Se-Medan Raya

In this study, the researcher wants to see the direct and indirect influence between the variables of Work Discipline, Teamwork as independent variables with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as intervening variables and Employee Performance as dependent variables. This type of research uses quantitative, this research was conducted at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kanwil North Sumatra. The population of this study was 82 employees and the sample used was the entire population using saturated sampling techniques. The data source used is the primary data source and data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The research model used is phat analysis with smart PLS version 3.3.3. as a research measuring tool. The results of this study are as follows Work Discipline has a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance with an original sample value of 0.585 and P values ​​0.218. Work Discipline has a negative and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship with an original sample value of -0.949 and p values ​​0.000. Teamwork has a negative and insignificant effect on Employee Performance with an original sample value of -0.694 and p values ​​0.304. Teamwork has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship with an original sample value of 1.720 and p values ​​of 0.000. Organizational Citizenship has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance with an original sample value of 1.024 and p values ​​of 0.003. Work Discipline has a negative and significant effect on employee performance through organizational citizenship indirectly with an original sample result of -0.981 and p values ​​of 0.011. Teamwork has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through organizational citizenship indirectly with an original sample result of 1.775 and p values ​​of 0.001.

Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Keputusan Investasi Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Perusahaan Subsektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital Structure, Company Size, and Investment Decisions on Firm Value with Profitability as an Intervening variable in Food and Beverage Subsector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 Period. The type of research used in this study is associative with a quantitative approach. The data collection method uses a survey sample. The population in this study amounted to 26 companies. Data analysis techniques using path analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that Capital Structure has a negative and significant effect on Firm Value, Company Size and Profitability have a significant positive effect on firm value while Investment Decisions have a positive and insignificant effect on Firm Value. Capital Structure has a negative and significant effect on Profitability, while Company Size and Investment Decisions have a positive and insignificant effect on Profitability. While Profitability as an intervening variable is able to mediate Capital Structure, while Profitability as an intervening variable is unable to mediate Company Size and Investment Decisions on Firm Value.

Pengaruh Adopsi Financial Technology Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Konvensional yang Terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Periode 2017-2022

This research aims to analyse the effect of financial technology (fintech) adoption on the profitability of conventional commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority for the period 2017-2022. This research is an associative research with a quantitative approach. The data collection method is a survey sample. The population in the study amounted to 93 banks. By using purposive sampling technique, 5 bank samples were obtained (30 observation data). Fintech services in this study are measured using Automated Teller Machine (ATM), internet banking and mobile banking. While profitability is measured using Return On Asset (ROA). The panel data analysis method in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using Eviews version 12. The results of this research indicate that Automated Teller Machine (ATM) has a positive and insignificant effect on ROA, internet banking has a negative and insignificant effect on ROA and mobile banking has a positive and significant effect on ROA.

Examining the role of virtual teams on project management processes in the Nigerian fintech sector

This study examined the role of virtual teams on project management processes in the Nigerian fintech industry. To achieve this aim, the study sought to examine how communication technology utilisation, trust, and geographical distribution of team members affected the project management processes of virtual team members in the Nigerian fintech industry. Building upon the theoretical frameworks of social presence theory and transaction cost theory, the study adopted a quantitative approach and used a sample of 385 employees of fintech firms in Nigeria. Using an electronic close-ended questionnaire (Google forms), data were collected from 378 participants, indicating a response rate of 98.2%. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the study’s participants. Data were analysed using both descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (multiple linear regression) via the aid of STATA 17. Findings from the study revealed that communication technology utilization (β = 0.3114694, p &lt; 0.05) and geographical distribution of team members (β =0.7622249, p &lt; 0.05) both had statistically significant effects on project management processes. Trust was found to have an insignificant effect on project management processes (β = -0.0085031, p &gt; 0.798). The study concluded that virtual teams significantly and positively affects project management processes in the Nigerian fintech industry, and recommends that firms in the industry should continue with the use of virtual teams in their given projects. Also, the study recommends that policies regarding work in the virtual environment should be formalised so as to maximise the benefits associated with virtual work.

Characterization of Robusta Coffee Powder with Addition of Palm Sugar and Vanilla Powder to Improve The Quality of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre)

Bondowoso Robusta Coffee is a type of Robusta coffee that has a distinctive taste and high quality. The distinctive taste and high quality are obtained from the results of harvest management and post-harvest processing in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). This research will be carried out by testing the characteristics of Robusta ground coffee with a mixture of palm sugar and vanilla flavoring to improve the quality of Robusta ground coffee. This was done by knowing the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the mixed Robusta ground coffee. The aim of this research is to determine the interaction between roasting level and the composition of palm sugar and vanilla powder on the physiochemical and organoleptic properties of 3 in 1 Robusta Coffee. This research uses an experimental plan arranged factorially with the basic pattern of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. This design has two factors, the first factor is the roasting level and the second is the mixture composition. The results of this research show (1) The interaction of Roasting Level and Mixture (palm sugar and vanilla powder) has no significant effect on all observed variables such as water content, Brix content, pH value, and powder bulk density. (2) The effect of the main level of roasting has a very significant effect on the observed variables of rainfall density and an insignificant effect on the variables of air content, Brix content and pH value. (3) The effect of the main mixture has a very significant effect on the observed variables of air content, Brix content and powder bulk density and has no significant effect on the variable pH value.

Effect of Compensation on Work Quality With Work Motivation as An Intervening Variable in BPJS Employment Regional Office Of Northern Sumatra

In this study, researchers wanted to see the direct and indirect effects between the Compensation variable as an independent variable and Work Motivation as an intervening variable and Work Quality as the dependent variable. This type of research uses quantitative, this research was conducted BPJS Employment Regional Office of North Sumatra. The population of this study was 80 employees and the sample used was all the population using the saturated sample technique. The data source used is primary data sources and data collection is done by distributing questionnaires. The research model used is phat analysis with smart PLS version 3.3.3. as a research measurement tool. The results of this study are as follows Compensation has a positive and significant effect on work quality with an original sample value of 0.617 and P values of 0.000. Compensation has a positive and insignificant effect on work motivation with an original sample value of 0.099 and p values of 0.406. Work quality has a positive and significant effect on work motivation with an original sample value of 0.717 and p values of 0.000. Compensation has a positive and significant effect on work motivation through work quality indirectly with original sample results of 0.443 and p values of 0.000.